1: July 24 – August 2: Rio Grande do Sul

2: August 3 – 10: Mato Grosso
a: Pantanal & Chapada
b: "Garden of the Amazon"

3: August 11 – 18: Southeast Brazil (Itatiaia & Ubatuba)

4: September 23 – October 2: Minas Gerais

5: October 23 – November 2: Amazonian & Southeastern Brazil
a: Southeast Brazil (mostly Cubatao & Itatiaia)
b: Alta Floresta & Rio Cristalino


(e): Brazilian endemic (qe): quasi-endemic (i): introduced species
(t): a threatened or rare species, designated by Birdlife International.
(t1): critical (t2): endangered (t3): vulnerable
(nt): a near-threatened species globally.

h: heard

(List of Mammals follows the Birds)

 1. Greater Rhea (nt) - 1 2a 4

 2. Great Tinamou - 5bh

 3. Cinereous Tinamou - 5bh

 4. Brazilian Tinamou - 5b

 5. Little Tinamou - 5bh

 6. Gray Tinamou - 2b

 7. Undulated Tinamou - 2a

 8. Yellow-legged Tinamou (nt) (e) - 4h

 9. Brown Tinamou - 3h 4h 5ah

10. Red-winged Tinamou - 4

11. Spotted Nothura/Tinamou - 1 4

12. Pied-billed Grebe - 1 3 4 5a

13. Least Grebe - 4 5a

14. Black-browed Albatross (nt) - 1

15. Brown Booby - 3

16. Magnificent Frigatebird - 1 3 5a

17. Neotropic Cormorant - 1 2ab 3 5ab

18. Anhinga - 2a 5b

19. Striated Heron - 2ab 3 5ab

20. White-necked/Cocoi Heron - 1 2ab 4 5ab

21. Capped Heron - 2a 5b

22. Whistling Heron - 1 2a 5a

23. Cattle Egret - 1 2ab 3 4 5ab

24. Little Blue Heron - 2a 5a

25. Snowy Egret - 1 2a 3 4 5a

26. Great Egret - 1 2a 3 4 5ab

27. Rufescent Tiger-Heron - 2a 4

28. Black-crowned Night-Heron - 2a 4 5a

29. Yellow-crowned Night-Heron - 5a

30. Boat-billed Heron - 2a 5b

31. Zigzag Heron - 5b

32. Pinnated Bittern - 5a

33. Jabiru - 2a

34. Wood Stork - 2a

35. Maguari Stork - 1

36. Buff-necked Ibis - 1 2a

37. Plumbeous Ibis - 2a

38. Bare-faced / Whispering Ibis - 1 2a

39. White-faced Ibis - 1

40. Green Ibis - 2ab 5b

41. Scarlet Ibis - 5a

42. Roseate Spoonbill - 1 2a 3 5a

43. Southern Screamer - 1 2a

44. Fulvous Whistling-Duck - 5a

45. White-faced Whistling-Duck - 3 5a

46. White-cheeked Pintail - 5a

47. Yellow-billed / Brown Pintail - 1 5a

48. Speckled Teal - 1

49. Silver Teal - 1

50. Brazilian Duck - 1 3 4 5a

51. Muscovy Duck - 2b 4 5b

52. Brazilian Merganser (t1) (qe) - 4

53. King Vulture - 2b

54. Black Vulture - 1 2ab 3 4 5ab

55. Turkey Vulture - 1 2a 3 4 5ab

56. Greater Yellow-headed Vulture - 2b 5b

57. Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture - 2a

58. Osprey - 2a 5a

59. Swallow-tailed Kite - 5b

60. Plumbeous Kite - 2b 4 5b

61. Gray-headed Kite - 2b

62. White-tailed Kite - 1 3 4

63. Snail Kite - 1 2a 5b

64. Rufous-thighed Kite - 5a

65. Double-toothed Kite - 5b

66. Long-winged Harrier - 1

67. Crane Hawk - 2a

68. Mantled Hawk (nt) (qe) - 4

69. White-browed Hawk - 5b

70. White Hawk - 5b

71. Great Black Hawk - 2a 4

72. Savanna Hawk - 1 2a 3 4 5a

73. Black-collared Hawk - 2a

74. Bay-winged Hawk - 5a

75. Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle - 4

76. Gray (-lined) Hawk - 2a

77. Roadside Hawk - 1 2ab 3 4 5a

78. White-tailed Hawk - 1 3 4 5a

79. Ornate Hawk-Eagle - 4

80. Southern Crested Caracara - 1 2ab 3 4 5a

81. Yellow-headed Caracara - 1 3 4 5a

82. Chimango (Caracara) - 1 5a

83. Black Caracara - 2b 5b

84. Red-throated Caracara - 5b

85. Laughing Falcon - 2a 3h 4

86. American Kestrel - 1 2a 3 4 5ab

87. Bat Falcon - 5b

88. Aplomado Falcon - 1 2a 4

90. Speckled / Variable Chachalaca - 2b

91. Chaco Chachalaca - 2a

92. Dusky-legged Guan - 1 3 4 5a

93. Spix’s Guan - 5b

159. Monk Parakeet - 1 2a

160. Blue-winged Parrotlet - 3 5ab

161. Golden-winged Parakeet - 5b

162. Plain Parakeet (e) - 3

164. Red-capped / Pileated Parrot (nt) (qe) - 3

165. Blue-headed Parrot - 2ab 5b

166. Scaly-headed Parrot - 2a 3 4 5a

167. Blue-/Turquoise-fronted Amazon / Parrot - 2a

168. Yellow-crowned Amazon/Parrot - 5b

169. Mealy Amazon Amazon / Parrot - 4

170. Vinaceous (-breasted) Amazon / Parrot (t2) - 1

171. Red-spectacled Amazon / Parrot (t2) - 1

172. Red-fan/Hawk-headed Parrot - 5bh

173. Smooth-billed Ani - 1 2ab 3 4 5ab

174. Squirrel Cuckoo - 1 2ab 3 4

175. Black-bellied Cuckoo - 5b

176. Little Cuckoo - 5b

177. Striped Cuckoo - 2ah 3 4h 5ah

178. Guira Cuckoo - 1 2a 3 4 5a

179. Barn Owl - 2ah 3 4

180. Tropical Screech-Owl - 3 4h

181. Black-capped Screech-Owl - 5ah

182. Tawny-browed Owl - 5a

183. Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl - 2ah 5a

184. Amazonian Pygmy-Owl - 2bh 5b

185. Burrowing Owl - 2ab 3 4 5ab

186. Striped Owl - 2a 4

187. Great Horned Owl - 2a

188. Great Potoo - 2a 5b

191. Nacunda Nighthawk - 2a

192. Band-tailed Nighthawk - 2a

193. Least Nighthawk - 4h

194. Little Nightjar - 2ab 4h

195. Band-winged Nightjar - 4

196. Ladder-tailed Nightjar - 5b

197. Blackish Nightjar - 2b 5b

198. Rufous Nightjar - 2bh

199. Pauraque - 2ab 4 5bh

200. White-collared Swift - 1 2a 3 4 5a

201. Great Dusky Swift - 4

202. Sooty Swift - 3 5a

204. Amazonian/Mato Grosso Swift - 2b

205. Short-tailed Swift - 2b 5b

206. Pale-rumped Swift - 2b

207. Gray-rumped Swift - 3 5a

208. Neotropical / Fork-tailed Palm-Swift - 2b 5b

209. Swallow-tailed Hummingbird - 2a 3 4 5a

210. Saw-billed Hermit (nt) (e) - 3

211. Scale-throated Hermit - 3 5a

212. Planalto Hermit - 4

214. Minute Hermit (e) - 4

215. Gray-breasted Sabrewing - 4

216. Black Jacobin - 3 5a

217. White-vented Violetear - 4 5a

218. Black-throated Mango - 2b 4

219. Black-breasted Plovercrest (qe) - 3 5a

220. Frilled Coquette (e) - 5a

221. Festive Coquette - 3

222. Glittering-bellied Emerald - 2ab 4 5a

223. Fork-tailed/Common Woodnymph - 2b 3 4 5b

224. Violet-capped Woodnymph - 1 3 5a

225. White-chinned Sapphire - 3

226. White-throated Hummingbird - 1 3 5a

227. Versicolored Emerald - 3 5a

228. Glittering-throated Emerald - 2a 3 5a

229. Sapphire-spangled Emerald - 4

230. Brazilian Ruby (e) - 3 5a

231. Hyacinth Visorbearer (nt) (e) - 4

232. Horned Sungem - 2a

233. Long-billed Starthroat - 5b

234. Stripe-breasted Starthroat - 4

235. Black-eared Fairy - 2b 3 5ab

236. Amethyst Woodstar - 2ab

237. Amazonian White-tailed Trogon - 2b 5b

238. Black-throated Trogon - 3 4

240. Blue-crowned Trogon - 2ab 5b

241. Ringed Kingfisher - 1 2a 4 5ab

242. Green Kingfisher - 2ab 5ab

243. Amazon Kingfisher - 2ab 3 4 5b

244. Pygmy Kingfisher - 2b

245. Blue-crowned Motmot - 2ab 5bh

246. Rufous-capped Motmot - 3 5a

247. Rufous-tailed Jacamar - 2ab 4

248. Brown Jacamar - 2b

249. Paradise Jacamar - 5b

250. Black-fronted Nunbird - 2ab 5b

251. White-fronted Nunbird - 5b

252. White-necked Puffbird - 5b

253. White-eared Puffbird - 2a

254. Crescent-chested Puffbird (e) - 3

255. Pied Puffbird - 2b

256. Swallow-wing (Puffbird) - 2b 5b

257. Toco Toucan - 2a 4

285. White-barred Piculet - 3 5a

286. Plain-winged Woodcreeper (qe) - 3

287. Olivaceous Woodcreeper - 1 3 4 5ab

288. Wedge-billed Woodcreeper - 5b

289. Long-billed Woodcreeper - 5bh

290. White-throated Woodcreeper (qe) - 3 4 5a

292. Straight-billed Woodcreeper - 2ab

294. Lineated Woodcreeper - 5b

295. Scaled Woodcreeper (qe) - 1 3 4 5a

296. Lesser Woodcreeper (qe) - 3 4 5a

297. Narrow-billed Woodcreeper - 2a 4

298. Black-billed Scythebill (qe) - 5a

299. Common/Rufous Hornero - 1 2a 3 4 5a

300. Pale-legged Hornero - 2a

301. Wing-banded/Band-tailed Hornero - 4 5a

302. Araucaria Tit-Spinetail (nt) - 1

303. Itatiaia Thistletail/Spinetail (e) - 3 5a

304. Rufous-capped Spinetail (qe) - 3 4 5a

306. Pale-breasted Spinetail - 2a

307. Ochre-cheeked Spinetail - 2a

308. Spix's/Chicli Spinetail - 4 5a

309. Gray-bellied Spinetail (qe) - 4

310. Yellow-throated/-chinned Spinetail - 1 2a 4 5a

311. Rusty-backed Spinetail - 2a

312. Pallid/Pale-browed Spinetail (e) - 3

313. Common/Rufous-fronted Thornbird - 2a 4

314. Greater/Yellow-eyed Thornbird - 2a

315. Firewood-gatherer - 1 4

316. Rufous-tailed Foliage-gleaner (e) - 5b

317. Chestnut-winged Foliage-gleaner - 5b

318. White-collared Foliage-gleaner (e) - 3 5a

319. Buff-browed Foliage-gleaner - 3 5a

320. White-browed Foliage-gleaner (nt) (qe) - 3 5a

321. Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner - 3 4 5a

322. Ochre-breasted Foliage-gleaner (qe) - 5a

323. Pale-browed Treehunter (e) - 5a

324. Point-tailed Palmcreeper - 2b

325. Plain Xenops - 2a

327. Streaked Xenops - 3 5a

328. Rufous-tailed Xenops - 5b

330. White-shouldered Antshrike - 5b

331. Amazonian Antshrike - 5b

332. Variable Antshrike - 3 4 5a

333. Rufous-winged Antshrike (qe) - 2ah 4h

334. Great Antshrike - 2a

335. Barred Antshrike - 2a

337. Sooretama Slaty-Antshrike - 3 4

338. Planalto Slaty-Antshrike - 2b 4

339. Natterer’s Slaty-Antshrike - 5b

340. Large-tailed Antshrike (qe) - 4

341. Black-capped / Plain-winged Antshrike - 5b

342. Spot-winged Antshrike - 5b

343. Cinereous Antshrike - 5b

344. Spot-breasted Antvireo (nt) (qe) - 3 5a

345. Plain Antvireo - 3 4

346. Rufous-backed Antvireo - 5a

348. Unicolored Antwren - 4

349. Large-billed Antwren (qe) - 2a

350. Rusty-backed Antwren - 2a

352. Serra Antwren (nt) (e) - 4 5a

353. Dot-winged Antwren - 5b

354. Ferruginous Antbird (e) - 3 5a

355. Bertoni’s Antbird (qe) - 3

356. Rufous-tailed Antbird (e) - 5a

357. Ochre-rumped Antbird (nt) (e) - 4

358. Scaled Antbird (e) - 3

359. Blackish Antbird - 2b

360. White-backed Fire-eye - 2a

361. White-shouldered Fire-eye (qe) - 3 5a

362. White-bibbed Antbird (e) - 5a

363. Black-faced Antbird - 5b

364. Warbling Antbird - 5b

365. Spot-backed Antbird - 5b

366. White-browed Antbird - 5b

367. Rufous-capped Antthrush - 3h 5b

368. Crytic/Such’s Antthrush (e) - 4h 5ah

369. Rufous-tailed/Brazilian Antthrush (e) - 3h 5ah

418. Large-headed Flatbill - 3

419. Sulphur-rumped Flycatcher - 5b

421. Black-tailed Flycatcher - 4

422. Bran-colored Flycatcher - 3 5a

424. Tropical Pewee - 3 4 5a

425. Vermilion Flycatcher - 2a 5a

426. Gray Monjita - 2a 3 4

427. White-rumped Monjita - 3 4 5a

428. White Monjita - 1

429. Black-and-white Monjita (t3) - 1

430. Blue-billed Black-Tyrant - 1 3 4 5a

431. Velvety Black-Tyrant (e) - 3 4

432. Crested Black-Tyrant (qe) - 3 4 5a

433. Masked Water-Tyrant - 3 4 5a

434. White-headed Marsh Tyrant - 2a 4

436. Cock-tailed Tyrant (nt) (qe) - 4

437. Streamer-tailed Tyrant - 3 4 5a

438. Yellow-browed Tyrant - 1 4 5a

439. Long-tailed Tyrant - 3 4 5ab

440. Cattle Tyrant - 1 2a 3 4 5a

441. Shear-tailed Gray-Tyrant (nt) (qe) - 3 4 5a

442. Gray-hooded Attila (e) - 3

443. Grayish Mourner - 3

444. Rufous Casiornis - 2a

445. Eastern Sirystes - 2a 3 4 5a

446. Dusky-capped Flycatcher - 2a 4

447. Brown-crested Flycatcher - 2a 4 5a

448. Short-crested Flycatcher - 2b 4 5a

449. Swainson's Flycatcher - 4

450. White-throated Kingbird - 4

451. Tropical Kingbird - 2a 4 5ab

452. Fork-tailed Flycatcher - 2b 4 5a

453. Streaked Flycatcher - 4 5a

454. Variegated Flycatcher - 4 5ab

455. Piratic Flycatcher - 2b 4 5a

456. Dusky-chested Flycatcher - 5b

457. Social Flycatcher - 2a 3 4 5a

458. Rusty-margined Flycatcher - 2ab

459. Boat-billed Flycatcher - 2ab 3 4 5ah

460. Great Kiskadee - 1 2ab 3 4 5ab

461. Lesser Kiskadee - 2b 4 5b

462. Spangled Cotinga - 5b

463. Pompadour Cotinga - 5b

464. Swallow-tailed Cotinga (nt) (qe) - 4 5a

465. Black-and-gold Cotinga (nt) (e) - 3 5ah

466. Bare-throated Bellbird (nt) (qe) - 3

467. Cinnamon-vented Piha (t3) (e) - 4

468. Screaming Piha - 5b

469. Red-ruffed Fruitcrow - 3 5a

470. Bare-necked Fruitcrow - 2b 5b

471. Amazonian Umbrellabird - 5b

472. Blue/Swallow-tailed Manakin (qe) - 3 5ah

473. Pin-tailed Manakin (e) - 3

474. White-bearded Manakin - 4h

475. Red-headed Manakin - 5b

476. Helmeted Manakin (qe) - 4

477. Fiery-capped Manakin - 2a

478. Snow-capped Manakin - 5b

479. Black-capped Manakin/Piprites (t3) (qe) - 5a

483. Curl-crested Jay - 2a 4

484. Azure Jay (nt) - 1

485. Purplish Jay - 2a

486. Rufous-browed Peppershrike - 1 4 5ab

488. Rufous-crowned Greenlet - 3 5a

489. Dusky-capped Greenlet - 5b

490. Eastern Slaty-Thrush - 2a

491. Rufous-bellied Thrush - 1 2a 3 4 5a

492. Pale-breasted Thrush - 2a 3 4 5a

493. Creamy-bellied Thrush - 1 2ab 3 4 5a

494. Yellow-legged Thrush - 3 5a

495. Lawrence’s Thrush - 5bh

496. Cocoa Thrush - 5bh

497. Chalk-browed Mockingbird - 1 2a 3 4 5a

498. White-winged Swallow - 2ab 4 5b

499. White-rumped Swallow - 1 3 4 5a

500. Brown-chested Martin - 2ab 3 4 5a

501. Gray-breasted Martin - 2a 3 4 5ab

502. Purple Martin - 5b

503. Blue-and-white Swallow - 1 2a 3 4 5a

504. White-banded Swallow - 5b

505. Tawny-headed Swallow - 1

506. Southern Rough-winged Swallow - 2ab 3 4 5ab

507. Barn Swallow - 5a

508. Long-billed Wren - 3h

509. Moustached Wren - 2b

511. Thrush-like Wren - 2ab

512. (Southern) House Wren - 1 3 4 5ab

513. Muscian Wren - 5bh

514. Black-capped Donacobious - 2a 5a

515. Masked Gnatcatcher - 1 2a

516. Creamy-bellied Gnatcatcher (nt) - 3

518. Yellowish Pipit - 1 4

519. Hellmayr's Pipit - 1

520. Tropical Parula - 1 3

522. Flavescent Warbler - 2a

523. Golden-crowned Warbler - 1 3 5a

524. White-bellied Warbler - 4

525. White-striped Warbler - 4

526. White-rimmed/-browed Warbler - 1 3h 5a

527. Bananaquit - 1 3 4 5a

528. Bicolored Conebill - 5a

529. Chestnut-vented Conebill - 3 4 5a

530. Purple Honeycreeper - 2b

531. Green Honeycreeper - 3

532. Blue Dacnis - 3 4 5ab

533. Black-faced Dacnis - 2b 5b

534. Swallow-Tanager - 2ab 3 4 5a

535. Sayaca Tanager - 2ab 3 4 5a

536. Azure-shouldered Tanager (e) - 1

537. Golden-chevroned Tanager (e) - 3 4 5a

538. Palm Tanager - 2ab 3 4 5b

539. Blue-and-yellow Tanager - 1

540. Brazilian Tanager - 3 5a

541. Silver-beaked Tanager - 2ab 4 5b

542. Purple-throated Euphonia - 5a

543. Violaceous Euphonia - 3 4

544. White-lored Euphonia - 5b

545. Rufous-bellied Euphonia - 2b 5b

546. Chestnut-bellied Euphonia (qe) - 3 5a

547. Blue-naped Chlorophonia - 3 5a

548. Paradise Tanager - 2b

549. Green-and-gold Tanager - 5b

550. Turquoise Tanager - 5b

551. Bay-headed Tanager - 5b

552. Green-headed Tanager (qe) - 3 5a

553. Red-necked Tanager (qe) - 3

554. Gilt-edged Tanager (e) - 4 5a

555. Brassy-breasted Tanager (e) - 3 4 5a

556. Yellow-backed Tanager - 4

557. Burnished-buff Tanager - 2a 3 4 5a

558. Fawn-breasted Tanager - 1 3

559. Diademed Tanager - 3 5a

560. Lowland Hepatic-Tanager - 4

561. White-winged Shrike-Tanager - 5b

562. Olive-green Tanager (e) - 3

563. White-shouldered Tanager - 5b

564. White-lined Tanager - 3

565. Ruby-crowned Tanager (qe) - 3 4 5a

566. Flame-crested Tanager - 2b 3 5b

567. Black-goggled Tanager - 3 4 5a

569. Rufous-headed Tanager (e) - 3 4 5a

570. Orange-headed Tanager - 5a

571. Hooded Tanager - 2a 4

572. White-rumped Tanager (nt) - 2a 4

573. White-banded Tanager (nt) - 2a

574. Brown Tanager (nt) (e) - 3 4

575. Cinnamon Tanager (e) - 2a 4

576. Black-faced Tanager - 2a

577. Magpie Tanager - 3 4 5ab

578. Buff-throated Saltator - 2ab

579. Green-winged Saltator (qe) - 4 5a

580. Thick-billed Saltator (nt) - 1 5a

581. Black-throated Saltator - 2a 4

582. Black-throated Grosbeak (qe) - 3 5a

583. Slate-colored Grosbeak - 5b

584. Yellow-shouldered Grosbeak - 5b

585. Red-crested Cardinal - 2a

586. Yellow-billed Cardinal - 2a

587. (Yellow-billed) Blue-Finch (nt) - 4

588. Blue-black Grassquit - 3 4 5ab

589. Sooty Grassquit - 3

590. Plumbeous Seedeater - 2a 4

591. Yellow-bellied Seedeater - 4

593. Double-collared Seedeater - 2a 3 4 5a

594. Tawny-bellied Seedeater - 2a

595. White-bellied Seedeater - 2a 3 5a

596. Great-billed Seed-Finch (nt) - 5a

597. Lesser / Chestnut-bellied Seed-Finch - 2a

598. Saffron (Yellow-) Finch - 1 2a 4 5a

599. Coal-crested Finch (nt) - 2a

601. Gray Pileated-Finch - 2a 4

602. Grassland Sparrow - 1 2a 3 4

603. Rufous-collared Sparrow - 1 3 4 5a

604. Wedge-tailed Grass-Finch - 2a 3 4

605. Black-masked Finch (t3) (qe) - 4

606. Great Pampa Finch - 1 4

608. Black-and-rufous Warbling-Finch - 1

609. Bay-chested Warbling-Finch (e) - 3 5a

610. Red-rumped Warbling-Finch - 3 5a

611. Crested Oropendola - 2a 3 4 5b

612. Para (Olive) Oropendola - 2b 5b

614. Red-rumped Cacique - 3 4 5a

615. Golden-winged Cacique - 1 3

616. Solitary (Black) Cacique - 2a 5b

617. Shiny/Glossy Cowbird - 1 2ab 3 4 5ab

619. Giant Cowbird - 2ab 5b

620. Chestnut-capped Blackbird - 4 5a

621. Unicolored Blackbird - 2a 5a

622. Chopi Blackbird - 2a 4 5a

623. Epaulet Oriole - 3 5b

624. Orange-backed Troupial - 2a

625. Scarlet-headed Blackbird - 1 2a

626. Saffron-cowled Blackbird (t2) - 1

627. Brown-and-yellow Marshbird - 1

628. Yellow-rumped Marshbird - 1 3 4 5a

629. White-browed Blackbird - 5a

630. Hooded Siskin - 3 4 5a

631. Common Waxbill (i) - 3

632. House Sparrow (i) - 1 2a 3 4 5a

1. Black Tufted-eared Marmoset - 4

2. Black-tailed Silvery Marmoset - 2a

3. White-nosed (Bearded) Saki (Monkey) - 5b

6. Black Howler Monkey - 2ah

7. Brown Howler Monkey - 3

8. Masked Titi Monkey - 3h 4 5ah

9. Brazilian/Guianan Squirrel - 3 4 5a

10. Southern Amazon Red Squirrel - 5b

11. Brazilian/Forest Rabbit - 4

13. Gray/Brown Brocket Deer - 1 5b

14. Red Brocket Deer - 2a

15. Red-rumped Agouti - 4 5b

16. Capybara - 2ab 5b

17. Nutria - 1 3

18. Giant Otter - 2a

19. (Greater) Grison - 5b

20. Tayra - 4 5a

21. South American Coati / Coatimundi - 3 4

22. Crab-eating Fox - 2a

23. Hoary Fox - 4

24. Maned Wolf - 4

25. Giant Anteater - 4

26. Jaguarundi - 2a

27. Yellow-toothed Cavy / "Cuis" - 2a

30. Hairy-legged Fruit Bat - 5b

31. White-lined Sac-winged Bat - 2b

32. various other bats - 2ab 4 5b