CENTRAL AMERICA
BIRDS 

from Tinamous to Doves


Noting those found during 
Focus On Nature Tours

1991 thru 2011

In Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala
Honduras, Panama

Part 1 of a Central America bird list compiled by Armas Hill, with photos 


Photo at upper right: AGAMI HERON

Codes:

(t): a globally threatened or rare species, designated by Birdlife International
 (t1): critically endangered
 (t2): endangered
 (t3): vulnerable
(nt): a near-threatened species globally

In the list that follows, relating to sightings during FONT tours, the country & the months are noted.
BZ:    Belize
CR:   Costa Rica    
GU:   Guatemala
HN:    Honduras
PN:    Panama

(CAi): introduced species in Central America

(*):  species found during Focus On Nature Tours
(ph):  species with a photo in the FONT web-site 

Mammals in Central America (with some photos)

Mammals in Central America  (with some photos)

Butterflies in Central America  (with photos)  

Amphibians & Reptiles in Costa Rica & Panama  (with photos) 

Birds:

1. Great Tinamou (*) ______   BZ:mar  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,apr,jun,dec  HN:dec  PN:feb,mar,aug
   Tinamus major fuscipennis
   
   
2. Highland Tinamou (*) ______   CR:mar
   Nothocercus bonapartei frantzii
   
   
3. Slaty-breasted Tinamou (*) ______  BZ:mar  CR:mar,dec/jan  GU:jan,mar,apr,jun  (another name has been "Boucard's Tinamou")
   Crypturellus boucardi costaricensis
   
   
4. Little Tinamou (*) ______  BZ:mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,jul,dec  HN:mar,apr  PN:feb,mar,aug,oct,nov
   Crypturellus soui modestus
   
   
5. Thicket Tinamou (*) ______  BZ:feb,mar  CR:jul,dec/jan  GU:mar,apr  (another name has been "Rufescent Tinamou")
   Crypturellus cinnamomeus praepes
   
   
6. Gray-headed Chachalaca (*) ______  CR:jan,feb,apr,jul,dec  PN:feb,mar,aug
   Ortalis cinereiceps  (monotypic)
   
   
7. Plain Chachalaca  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  GU:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,jul  HN:apr,dec
   Ortalis vetula
   
   
   
   
   Plain Chachalaca
   (photo by Dick Tipton)
   
   
8. White-bellied Chachalaca  (*) ______  GU:mar,apr,dec
   Ortalis lecucogastra  (monotypic)
   
   
9. Crested Guan (*) (ph) ______  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,hul,dec  PN:aug,nov
   Penelope purpurascens aequatorialis
   
   
   
   
   A Crested Guan photographed during a FONT Guatemala tour 
   (photo by Marie Gardner)
   
   
10. Highland Guan  (t3) (*) ______  GU:jan,apr,jun.jul,dec  HN:feb
    Penelopina nigra  (monotypic)
    
    
11. Black Guan (nt) (*) ______  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,dec  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
    Chamaepetes unicolor  (monotypic)
    
    
12. Horned Guan  (t1) (*) (ph) ______  GU:jul
    Oreophasis derbianus  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    The global population of the Horned Guan was estimated to be less than 1,000 birds in the 1970s. It is said to have declined since then.   
    
    
    
    
    A photo of 1 of 2 Horned Guans seen during the FONT Guatemala tour in July 2007
    (photo during the tour by Josue de Leon, one of our guides)
    
    
13. Great Curassow (nt) (*) ______  CR:mar,jul  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul  PN:aug
    Crax r. rubra
    
    
14. Buffy-crowned Wood Partridge (*) ______ CR  GU:apr   (another name has been Buff-fronted Wood Partridge)
    Dendrotyx leucophrys hypospodius
    
    
15. Spot-bellied Bobwhite (*) ______  CR:mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:apr,jun,jul,dec  (has been considered conspecific with the Crested Bobwhite, Colinus cristatus, of northern South America & southern Central America)
    Colinus leucopogon dickeyi 
    
    
16. Crested Bobwhite  (*)  ______  PN:feb
    Colinus cristatus
    
    
17. Yucatan Bobwhite  (*)  ______  BZ:feb
    Colinus nigrogularis
    
    
18. Singing Quail  (*)  ______  GU:feb,apr
    Dachylortyx thoracicus dolichonyx  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
19. Ocellated Quail  (nt) (*) ______  GU:jun
    Cytonyx ocellatus  (monotypic)
    
    
20. Spotted Wood Quail (*) ______  CR:mar  GU:feb,mar,apr,jul
    Odontophorus guttatus
    
    
21. Marbled Wood Quail (*) ______   CR:jan,feb,mar  PN:feb
    Odontophorus gujanensis
    
    
22. Black-eared Wood Quail (*) ______  CR:jul  (was conspecific with the Rufous-fronted Wood-Quail of South America)
    Odontophorus m. melanotis  
    
    
23. Black-breasted Wood Quail (nt) (*) ______  CR:feb,mar  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
    Odontophorus leucolaemus  (monotypic)
    
    
24. Tawny-faced Quail ______
    Rhynchortyx cinctus
    
    
25. Ocellated Turkey  (nt) (*) (ph)  ______  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun.jul
    Meleagris ocellata  (monotypic) 
    
    
    
    
    An Ocellated Turkey photographed during a FONT tour in Guatemala
    (photo by Marie Gardner)
    
    
26. Black-bellied Whistling Duck (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,jul,dec  GU:apr,jun  HN:mar,apr  PN:feb,mar,aug
    Dendrocygna a. autumnalis
    
    
27. Fulvous Whistling Duck (*) ______  BZ:feb  CR:jul  HN:feb,apr  PN:feb
    Dendrocygna bicolor  (monotypic)
    
    
28. White-faced Whistling Duck (ph) ______  
    Dendrocygna viduata
    
    
29. Muscovy Duck (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar  CR:mar,jul,dec/jan  GU:feb,apr,jun  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:aug,nov
    Cairina moschata  (monotypic, and single member of its genus)
    
    
    
    
    Muscovy Ducks photographed during a FONT tour
    
    
30. American Wigeon  (ph)  ______  GU:feb  HN:feb,dec
    Anas americana
    
    
31. Northern Shoveler  (*)  _____   CR:mar
    Anas clypeata
    
    
32. Northern Pintail  (ph)  _____
    Anas acuta 
    
    
33. Blue-winged Teal (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,dec  GU:jan,mar,apr  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec  PN:feb
    Anas discors  (monotypic)
    
    
34. Cinnamon Teal ______
    Anas cyanoptera
    
    
35. Green-winged Teal  (ph) ______
    Anas carolinensis
    
    
36. Ring-necked Duck (*) (ph) ______  CR:mar  HN:feb
    Aythya collaris  (monotypic)
    
    
37. Lesser Scaup  (ph) ______  GU:dec
    Aythya affinis
    
    
38. Greater Scaup ______
    Aythya marila
    
    
39. Ruddy Duck  (*)  ______  GU:dec
    Oxyura jamaicensis
    
    
40. Masked Duck (*) ______  CR:feb,mar
    Nomoyx dominicus  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus) 
    
    
41. Black-capped Petrel  (t2) (ph) ______  
    Pterodroma hasitata 
    
    
42. Galapagos Petrel  (t1) ______  (was conspecific with the Hawaiian Petrel, and was then called the Dark-rumped Petrel)  
    Pterodroma phaeopygia  
      
    
43. Black Petrel  (t3) ______  (another name has been Parkinson's Petrel) 
    Procellaria parkinsoni
    
    
44. Sooty Shearwater (*) (ph) ______  CR:jul
    Puffinus griseus  (monotypic)
    
    
45. Pink-footed Shearwater  (t3) (ph) ______
    Puffinus creatopus
    
    
46. Wedge-tailed Shearwater ______
    Puffinus pacifiicus
     
    
47. Short-tailed Shearwater  (ph) ______
    Puffinus tenuirostris
    
    
48. Audubon's Shearwater  (ph) ______
    Puffinus lherminieri
    
    
49. Galapagos Shearwater ______  (was part of the Audubon's Shearwater)
    Puffinus subalaris
    
    
50. Wilson's Storm Petrel  (ph) ______
    Oceanites oceanicus
    
    
51. Leach's Storm Petrel ______
    Oceanodroma leucorhoa
    
    
52. Black Storm Petrel ______
    Oceanodroma melania
    
    
53. Wedge-rumped Storm Petrel ______
    Oceanodroma tethys
    
    
54. Band-rumped Storm Petrel ______
    Oceanodroma castro
    
    
55. Least Storm Petrel ______
    Oceanodroma microsoma
    
    
56. Markham's Storm Petrel   ______
    Oceanodroma markhami
    
     
57. White-faced Storm Petrel  (ph) ______
    Pelagodroma marina  (the single member of its genus)    
    
    
58. Pied-billed Grebe (*) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,may  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:jan,feb,mar,aug
    Podilymbus p. podiceps
    
    
59. Atitlan Grebe  ______  GU  (now believed to be extinct)
    Podilymbus gigas
    
    The Atitlan Grebe occurred at Lake Atitlan in Guatemala, being endemic to both the country and the lake. It was flightless. In the 1930s, there were an estimated 200 or so. The population had decreased to 50-60 birds by the early 1980s. It is now believed to be extinct. Some say that this bird was a larger resident subspecies of the Pied-billed Grebe. 
    
    
60. Least Grebe (*) (ph) ______  BZ:apr  CR:feb,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar
    Tachybaptus (formerly Podiceps) dominicus brachypterus
    
    
61. Eared Grebe (ph) ______   HN:feb   (also called Black-necked Grebe)
    Podiceps nigricollis
    
    
62. Wood Stork (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar
    Myceteria americana  (monotypic)
    
    
63. Jabiru (CRr) (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar,apr  CR:jul,dec/jan  HN:dec
    Jabiru mycteria  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Jabirus photographed during FONT tours
    
    
64. Green Ibis (*) ______  CR:mar,apr,jul,dec/jan
    Mesembrinibis cayennensis  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
65. American White Ibis (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:feb,mar,jun  HN:dec  PN:feb,mar,aug
    Eudocimus albus  (monotypic)
    
    
    
    
    American White Ibis
    (photo by Howard Eskin)
    
    
66. Glossy Ibis (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar,apr  CR:jul,dec/jan  PN:feb
    Plegadis falcinellus  (has been called monotypic)
    
    
67. Roseate Spoonbill (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,apr  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:apr,jun  HN:dec
    Platalea (formerly Ajaia) ajaja  (monotypic)
    
    
68. Western Cattle Egret (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb.mar,apr,dec  PN:jan,feb,mar,aug,oct,nov
    Bublcus ibis
    
    
69. Green Heron (*) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,eb,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,aug,oct,nov  (was at one time considered conspecific with the nearly cosmopolitan Striated Heron, and was then called Green-backed Heron)  
    Butorides v. virescens
    
    
70. Striated Heron  (*) (ph) ______  PN:feb,mar,aug,oct
    Butorides striata
    
    
    
    
    The Striated Heron is a species that only occurs in "North America"
    in Panama
    (photographed during a FONT tour)    
    
    
71. Little Blue Heron (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,aug,oct,nov
    Egretta caerulea  (monotypic)
    
    
72. Tricolored Heron (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,aug,oct,nov   (a former name was Louisiana Heron)
    Egretta tricolor ruficollis
    
    
73. Reddish Egret (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb  CR:dec/jan
    Egretta r. rufescens
    
    
74. Snowy Egret (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,aug,oct,nov
    Egretta t. thula
    
    
75. Great Egret (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec  PN:jan,feb,mar,aug,oct,nov
    Casmerodius (has been Ardea) alba egretta
    
    
76. Great Blue Heron (*) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,nov
    Ardea h. herodias
    
    
77. Cocoi Heron  (*) (ph)  ______  PN:feb,aug
    Ardea cocoi
    
    
    
    
    The Cocoi Heron is a species that only occurs in "North America" in Panama.
    This photo during a FONT tour. 
    
    
78. Agami Heron (nt) (CRr.GUr) (*) (ph)  ______  BZ:apr  CR:mar,apr  GU:mar  PN:feb  (another name has been Chestnut-bellied Heron)
    Agamia agami  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
    
    
    Agami Heron
    (photo courtesy of Laguna del Lagarto in Costa Rica)
    
    
79. Capped Heron  (*) (ph)  ______  PN:feb
    Pilherodius pileatus  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
    
    
    A Capped Heron photographed during a FONT tour 
    
    
80. Rufescent Tiger Heron (*) (ph) ______  CR:dec/jan  PN:feb,mar,aug,nov
    Tigrisoma l. lineatum
    
    
    
    
    An adult Rufescent Tiger Heron 
    
    
81. Fasciated Tiger Heron (nt) (*) ______  CR:mar,apr
    Tigrisoma fasiatum salmoni
    
    
82. Bare-throated Tiger-Heron (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:mar GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul
    Tigrisoma mexicanum  (monotypic)
    
    
    
    
    A juvenile Bare-throated Tiger-Heron
    (photo by Dick Tipton)
    
    
83. Black-crowned Night Heron (*) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,jul,dec  GU:mar,apr,jun  HN:feb  PN:feb,aug
    Nycticorax nycticorax hoactli
    
    
84. Yellow-crowned Night Heron (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar  CR:feb,mar,jul,dec/jan GU:jan,mar,jun,dec  HN:feb,apr  PN:feb,mar,aug,nov
    Nyctanassa v. violacea  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
85. Boat-billed Heron (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr  HN:dec  PN:feb,mar,aug
    Cochlearius cochlearius  (the single member of its genus)   
    Cochlearius cochlearius phillipsi  (north CR)
    Cochlearius cochlearius panamensis  (south CR)
    
    
    
    
    Boat-billed Heron
    (photo by Dick Tipton)
    
    
86. Pinnated Bittern  (*) (ph) ______  GU:apr
    Botaurus pinnatus
    
    
87. American Bittern ______
    Botaurus lentiginosus
    
    
88. Least Bittern  (*) (ph) ______  GU:jul  HN:dec
    Ixobrychus exilis
    
    
89. Red-billed Tropicbird  (ph) ______
    Phaethon aethereus
    
    
90. Magnificent Frigatebird (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:feb  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,aug,oct,nov
    Fregata magnificens  (now said to be monotypic)
    
    
    
    
    Two Magnificent Frigatebirds photographed during a FONT tour 
    along the seacoast in Belize 
    (photo by Alan Brady)
    
    
91. Great Frigatebird ______
    Fregata minor
    
    
92. Brown Pelican (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,aug,oct,nov
    Pelecanus occidentalis carolinensis
    
    
93. American White Pelican  (*) (ph) ______  GU:mar,apr  HN:dec
    Pelecanus erythrorhynchos
     
    
94. Brown Booby (*) ______  CR:feb,mar,jul  PN:mar,aug
    Sula l. leucogaster
    
    
95. Blue-footed Booby (*) (ph) ______  PN:aug
    Sula nebouxii
    
    
96. Red-footed Booby  (ph) ______
    Sula sula
    
    
97. Masked Booby ______
    Sula dactylatra
    
    
98. Nazca Booby (ph) ______
    Sula granti 
    
    
99. Neotropic Cormorant (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,aug,oct,nov  (was called Olivaceous Cormorant)
    Phalacrocorax brasilianus  
    Phalacrocorax brasilianus mexicanus  (north CR)
    Phalacrocorax b. brasilianus  (south CR)
    
    
    
    
    A Neotropic Cormorant photographed during the FONT Belize tour
    in March 2007, at the fresh-water Crooked Tree Lagoon.
    Along the seacoast, the Cormorants during that tour were Double-crested.
    (photo by Alan Brady) 
    
    
100. Double-crested Cormorant (*)  ______  BZ:feb,mar  GU:feb
     Phalacrocorax auritus floridanus
     
     
101. Anhinga (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul  HN:dec  PN:feb,mar,aug,oct,nov
     Anhinga anhinga leucogaster
     
     
     
     
     A female Anhinga 
     (photo by Alan Brady)
     
     
102. Turkey Vulture (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec  PN:jan,feb,mar,aug,oct,nov
     Cathartes a. aura  (another subspecies, C. a. meridionalis, from central North America, migrates thru southern Central America, in Panama & Costa Rica, sometimes in large flocks)
     
     
103. Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar,apr  CR:mar,jul  GU:mar,apr,jun,jul  HN:feb,dec  PN:feb
     Cathartes burrovianus  (monotypic)
     
     
104. Black Vulture (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec  PN:jan,feb,mar,aug,oct,nov
     Coragyps atratus  (now said to be monotypic) (the only member of its genus)
     
     
105. King Vulture (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:feb,apr,jun,jul  PN:feb
     Sarcoramphus papa  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
     
     
106. Northern Crested Caracara (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,aug,oct,nov
     Caracara cheriway  (monotypic)
     
     
107. Yellow-headed Caracara (*) ______  CR:jan,feb,mar,jul  PN:feb,mar,aug,oct,nov
     Milvago chimachima cordata
     
     
108. Red-throated Caracara  (*)  ______  PN:feb
     Ibycter americanus
     
     
109. Laughing Falcon (*) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN:apr,dec  PN:feb,mar
     Herpetotheres c. cachinnans  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
110. Barred Forest Falcon (*) ______  CR:mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:feb,jun  PN:feb
     Micrastur ruficollis interstes
     
     
111. Collared Forest Falcon (*) ______  CR:mar,jul,dec/jan  GU:mar,dec  PN:mar,aug
     Micrastur semitorquatus naso
     
     
112. Slaty-backed Forest Falcon  (*)  ______  PN:feb
     Micrastur mirandollei
     
     
113. American Kestrel (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar  CR:mar,dec/jan  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,dec  HN:apr,dec  PN:feb,aug
     Falco s. sparverius  (subspecies from further north in North America that winters in Costa Rica)  
     
     
114. Merlin (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar  CR:mar  PN:feb,nov
     Falco c. columbarius
     
     
115. Bat Falcon (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar  CR:jan,feb,mar,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun  HN:feb  PN:feb,mar,aug
     Falco rufigularis petoensis
     
     
116. Aplomado Falcon (CRr) (*) (ph) ______  CR:dec/jan  PN:feb  
     Falco f. femoralis 
     
     In Costa Rica, the Aplomado Falcon is known from a very few reports in recent decades, all in the Palo Verde area of the northwest part of the country - and that's where we saw ours. 
     
     According to "The Birds of Costa Rica" by Garrigues & Dean (published in 2007), there have only been 3 reports of Aplomado Falcons in Costa Rica in the last few decades, all of them in Guanacaste. 
     
     
117. Peregrine Falcon (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar  CR:feb,mar,dec/jan  GU:mar  HN:dec  PN:feb,mar,nov
     Falco peregrinus anatum (subspecies from further north in North America that winters in Costa Rica)
     
     
118. Orange-breasted Falcon (ph) ______  GU:jan,mar,apr,jul
     Falco deiroleucus
     
     
     
     
     An Orange-breasted Falcon photographed at Tikal, Guatemala
     (photo by Alan Brady)
     
     
119. Osprey (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr  HN:apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,aug,oct,nov
     Pandion haliaetus carolinensis  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
120. Gray-headed Kite (*) ______  BZ:feb  CR:feb,jul,dec/jan  GU:feb,mar,apr  HN:dec  PN:feb,aug,nov  (another name has been "Cayenne Kite")
     Leptodon c. cayanensis  
     
     
121. Hook-billed Kite (*) ______  CR:mar,dec/jan  GU:apr  HN:feb  PN:feb
     Chondrohierax u. uncinatus  
     
     
122. Swallow-tailed Kite (*) (ph)  ______  BZ:feb,mar  CR:jan,feb,apr,mar,jul  GU:feb,mar,apr,jun,jul  HN:feb  PN:feb,mar,aug
     Elanoides forficatus  (the single member of its genus) (2 subspecies in Costa Rica, E. f. forficatus, & E. f. yetapa) 
     
     
      
     
     Swallow-tailed Kite
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
123. Pearl Kite (*) ______  CR:jan,feb  PN:feb 
     Gampsonyx swainsonii leonae 
     
     The Pearl Kite was first reported in Costa Rica in the mid-1990s. It was since occurred along the entire Pacific slope.
     
     During the FONT tour in southern Costa Rica in February 2004, a pair of Pearl Kites were seen at their nest.   
     
     
124. White-tailed Kite (*) (ph)  ______  BZ:feb,mar  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:juan,feb,mar,apr,jun,dec  HN:dec  PN;feb,mar
     Elanus leucurus majusculus
     
     
125. Double-toothed Kite (*) ______  CR:feb,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:apr  PN:feb,mar,aug
     Harpagus bidentatus fasciatus
     
     
126. Plumbeous Kite (*) ______  BZ:feb,mar  CR:mar,apr,jul  GU:mar,apr,may,jun,jul  PN:feb,mar,aug
     Ictinia plumbea  (monotypic)
     
     
127. Mississippi Kite (*) ______  GU:apr
     Ictinia mississippiensis
     
     
128. Snail Kite (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:feb,mar,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,mar,apr,may,jul,dec  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,aug,nov
     Rostrhamus s. sociabilis
     
     
     
     
     
     Snail Kites, above an immature male, below a female
     (photos by Marie Gardner)
     
     
     
     
     
     

129. Crane Hawk (*) (ph) ______  CR:feb,jul,dec/jan  PN:feb
     Geranospiza caerulesens nigra  (the single member of its genus)
     
     

130. Northern Harrier (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb  CR:mar  GU:feb  PN:feb  (in Eurasia this species called Hen Harrier)
     Circus cyaneus hudsonius
     
     
131. Sharp-shinned Hawk (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb  CR:mar,dec/jan  GU:jan,feb,apr,dec  HN:dec  PN:mar
     Accipiter striatus velox  (subspecies from further north in North America that winters in Costa Rica) 
       
     
132. White-breasted Hawk  (*)  ______  GU:feb,apr,jun,dec  HN:apr  (was considered a subspecies of the Sharp-shinned Hawk)
     Accipiter chionogaster
     
     
133. Bicolored Hawk (*) ______  CR:feb,mar,dec/jan  GU:feb  HN:feb
     Accipiter b. bicolor
     
     
134. Cooper's Hawk  (ph) ______  BZ:mar  GU;apr
     Accipiter cooperii
     
     
135. Tiny Hawk (*) ______  CR  PN:mar
     Accipiter superciliosus
     
     
136. Barred Hawk (*) ______  CR:feb,apr,mar,jul   (other names have been "Black-chested Hawk" & "Prince Hawk")
     Leucopternis princeps  (monotypic)
     
     
137. Plumbeous Hawk  (nt) (*) ______  PN:feb,mar
     Leucopternis plumbea  (monotypic)
     
     
138. Semiplumbeous Hawk (nt) (*) ______  CR:jul,dec/jan  PN:mar,aug,nov
     Leucopternis semiplumbeus  (monotypic)
     
     
139. White Hawk (*) (ph) ______   BZ:mar  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  PN:aug
     Leucopternis albicollis costaricensis
     
     
     
     
     A White Hawk photographed in Costa Rica
     (photo by Alan Brady)
     
     
140. Common Black Hawk (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:feb,mar,jun  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:feb,aug,nov
     Buteogallus a. anthracinus 
     Buteogallus anthracinus bangsi  ("Mangrove Black Hawk")  CR, GU, PN
     
     
     
     
     Common Black Hawk
     (photo by Dick Tipton)
     
     
141. Great Black Hawk (*) (ph)  ______   BZ:mar  CR:feb,mar  GU:apr,jun  PN:feb,aug,nov
     Buteogallus urubitinga ridgwayi
     
     
142. Savanna Hawk  (CRr) (*) (ph)  ______  CR:jan  PN:feb,nov
     Buteogallus meridionalis  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     
     A Savanna Hawk photographed during a FONT tour.
     In Costa Rica, the species occurs only sparingly 
     in the far-southern part of the country. 
     
     
143. Montane Solitary Eagle (nt) (*) ______  CR:mar  GU:feb
     Harpyhaliaetus solitarius sheffleri
     
     
144. Black-collared Hawk (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar,apr  CR:apr  GU:apr
     Busarellus n. nigricollis  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
     
     
     A Black-collared Hawk photographed during a FONT tour
     
     
145. Bay-winged Hawk (*) (ph) ______  CR:apr,jul,dec/jan  PN:feb   (in North America called Harris's Hawk)
     Parabuteo unicinctus harrisis  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
146. Gray-lined Hawk (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,dec  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,aug   (includes the more-northerly Gray Hawk)
     Buteo nitida plagiata  (in northern Costa Rica)
     Buteo nitida costaricensis  (in southern Costa Rica)  
     
     
     
     
     A Gray Hawk photographed during a FONT tour in Belize 
     (photo by Alan Brady)
     
     
147. Roadside Hawk (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar
     Buteo magnirostris 
     Buteo magnirostris griseocauda  (most of CR)
     Buteo magnirostris petulans  (southwest CR)
     
     
     
     
     Roadside Hawk
     (photo by Dick Tipton)
     
     
148. Broad-winged Hawk (*) ______  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,dec  GU:apr,dec  HN:feb,apr  PN:feb,mar,oct,nov
     Buteo p. platypterus (migrant that breeds further north in North America) 
     
     
149. Swainson's Hawk (*) (ph)  ______  CR:mar,dec/jan  GU:apr  PN:mar,oct,nov
     Buteo swainsoni  (monotypic)  (migrant that breeds further north in North America, some occasionally winter in Central America)
     
     
150. Short-tailed Hawk (*) (ph) ______  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,mar,apr,dec  HN:apr,dec  PN:jan,feb,mar,aug,oct
     Buteo brachyurus fuliginosus
     
     
     
     
     A dark-morph of the Short-tailed Hawk,
     photographed during a FONT tour
     
     
151. White-tailed Hawk (*) ______  BZ:feb,mar  CR:feb,apr,dec/jan  GU:dec  HN:dec  PN:mar
     Buteo albicaudatus hypospodius
     
     
152. Zone-tailed Hawk (*) (ph) ______  CR:jul,dec/jan  GU:mar,dec  HN:dec  PN:feb
     Buteo albonotatus  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     
     A Zone-tailed Hawk photographed during a FONT tour.
     The underwing of this species resembles that of the Turkey Vulture.
     
     
153. Red-tailed Hawk (*) (ph) ______  CR:feb,mar,dec/jan  GU:feb,mar,apr,jun,dec  HN:feb,dec  PN:feb,mar
     Buteo jamaicensis costaricensis
     
     
     
     
     A dark morph of the Red-tailed Hawk, photographed during a FONT tour.
     Red-tailed Hawks in Central America are often dark.
     
     
154. Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle (nt) (*) ______  CR:mar,jul  GU  PN:mar
     Spizastur melanoleucus  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
     
     
155. Black Hawk-Eagle (*) ______  CR:apr  GU:jan,apr,dec  HN;dec  (another name has been Tyrant Hawk-Eagle)
     Spizaetus tyrannus serus
     
     
156. Ornate Hawk-Eagle (ph) ______  GU:jan
     Spizaetus ornatus
     
     
157. Crested Eagle  (nt) ______  GU:apr
     Morphnus guianensis  (monotypic)
     
     
158. Harpy Eagle (ph) ______
     Harpia harpyja
     
     
159. Uniform Crake (*) ______  CR:mar  GU:apr
     Amaurolimnas concolor
     
     
160. Ocellated Crake ______
     Micropygia schomburgkii
     
     
161. Gray-necked Wood Rail (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul,dec  HN:apr  PN:feb,mar,aug,oct
     Aramides cajanea 
     Aramides c. cajanea  (in most of Costa Rica)
     Aramides cajanea plumbeicollis  (in northeast Costa Rica)
     
     
     
     
     Gray-necked Woodrail
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
162. Rufous-necked Wood Rail (*) ______  CR:jul,dec/jan
     Aramides axillaris  (monotypic)
     
     
163. Clapper Rail  (ph) ______
     Rallus longirostris
     
     The Clapper Rail was first found in Costa Rica in 1998 in mangroves by the Gulf of Nicoya.  
     
     
164. Spotted Rail (*) ______ 
     Pardirallus maculatus
     
     
165. Paint-billed Crake ______ 
     Neocrex erythrops
     
     
166. White-throated Crake (*) ______   CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  PN:feb,mar,aug,oct,nov
     Laterallus albigularis  (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
     Laterallus albigularis cinereiceps  (most of CR)
     Laterallus a. albigularis  (southwest CR)
     
     
167. Ruddy Crake ______  BZ:mar,apr  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec
     Laterallus ruber
     
     
168. Gray-breasted Crake (*) ______  CR:mar
     Laterallus exilis  (monotypic)
     
     
169. Black Rail (nt) (*) ______  CR:mar  (would be more properly called Black Crake)
     Laterallus j. jamaicensis
     
     
170. Yellow-breasted Crake (*) _____ 
     Porzana flaviventer
     
     
171. Sora ______  HN:feb  PN:feb
     Porzana carolina
     
     
172. Common Moorhen (*) (ph)  ______   BZ:feb,mar  CR:jan,feb,mar,dec  GU:feb,mar,apr,may  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,aug,oct  (has been called Common Gallinule)
     Gallinula chloropus cachinnans
     
     
173. Purple Gallinule (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,aug,oct
     Porphyrio (formerly Porphyrula) martinica  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     
     A Purple Gallinule photographed during a FONT tour in Panama
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
174. American Coot ______  BZ:feb  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul  HN:feb,dec  PN:feb
     Fulica americana
     
     
175. Sungrebe (*) (ph)  ______  BZ:feb  CR:apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,mar,apr,jun  (an alternate name could be "American Finfoot")
     Heliornis fulica  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
     
     
     
     
     Sungrebe
     
     
176. Sunbittern (*) (ph) ______  CR:feb,jul  PN:feb,mar
     Eurypyga helias major  (a single member of its genus & family) 
     
     
177. Limpkin (*) (ph)  ______  BZ:mar,apr  CR:mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:aug
     Aramus guarauna dolosus (the single member of its genus & family)
     
     
     
     
     A Limpkin photographed during a FONT tour
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
178. Double-striped Thick-knee (*) (ph)  ______  CR:mar,jul,dec/jan
     Burbinus b. bistriatus
     
     
179. American Oystercatcher (*) (ph) ______ PN:feb
     Haematopus palliatus
     
     
180. American Avocet (ph) ______ 
     Recurvirostra americana
     
     
181. Black-necked Stilt (*) (ph) ______   BZ:apr  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,mar,apr,jun  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:feb,aug,nov  (was said by some to be conspecific with the Black-winged Stilt, Himantopus himantopus, of the Old World)
     Himantopus mexicanus
     
     
182. Northern Jacana (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar
     Jacana s. spinosa
     
     
     
     
     Northern Jacana
     
     
183. Wattled Jacana (*) (ph) ______  PN:feb,mar,aug,oct,nov
     Jacana jacana
     
     The Wattled Jacana occasionally strays north into southern Costa Rica from Panama.
     
     
     
     
     The Wattled Jacana is a bird that occurs in only in "North America"
     in Panama. 
     This immature bird was photographed during a FONT tour.
      
     
184. Black-bellied Plover (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:apr  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,aug,nov  (also called Grey Plover)
     Pluvialis squatarola cynosurae
     
     
185. American Golden Plover  (ph) ______
     Pluvialis dominica
     
     
186. Semipalmated Plover (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar  CR:feb,mar,jul,dec/jan  GU:apr  HN:apr,dec  PN:mar,aug,nov
     Charadrius semipalmatus  (monotypic)
     
     
187. Wilson's Plover (*) (ph) ______  CR:feb,mar,apr,dec/jan  GU:jun  PN:aug
     Charadrius wilsonia beldingi
     
     
188. Killdeer (*) ______  BZ:feb,mar  CR:feb,mar,dec/jan  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,dec  HN:feb,dec  PN:feb
     Charadrius v. vociferus
     
     
189. Collared Plover (*) ______  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul  PN:aug
     Charadrius collaris  (monotypic)
     
     
190. Snowy Plover (ph) ______
     Charadrius nivosus
     
     
191. Southern Lapwing  (BZr) (CRr) (*) (ph) ______   BZ:mar  CR:feb  PN:feb,mar,aug,nov  
     Vanellus chilensis cayennensis
     
     The Southern Lapwing was first recorded in Costa Rica in 1997. It has since occurred in lowlands of both the Caribbean & Pacific slopes.
     
     
     
     
     Southern Lapwings have been spreading north.
     One was seen during the FONT tour in Belize 
     in March 2007.
     
     
192. Marbled Godwit (*) (ph) ______  CR:mar,dec/jan  PN:feb,aug
     Limosa f. fedoa
     
     
193. Hudsonian Godwit  (ph)  ______
     Limosa haemastica
     
     
194. Whimbrel (*) (ph) ______   BZ:mar  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jun  HN:feb,apr  PN:feb,mar,aug,nov
     Numenius phaeopus hudsonicus
     
     
     
     
     
     The Whimbrel is one of a good assortment of shorebirds 
     to be seen, in season, on the expansive mudflats of the Pacific coast in Panama City.  
     (photo by Abram Fleishman)
     
     
195. Long-billed Curlew (nt) (*) (ph) ______  PN:feb,aug
     Numenius americanus
     
     
196. Greater Yellowlegs (*) ______   BZ:mar,apr  CR:mar,dec/jan  GU:apr,jun  HN:dec  PN:feb,mar,aug
     Tringa melanoleuca  (monotypic)
     
     
197. Lesser Yellowlegs (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar,apr  CR:feb,mar,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,apr  HN:feb,dec  PN:feb
     Tringa flavipes  (monotypic)
     
     
198. Solitary Sandpiper (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr  HN:apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,nov
     Tringa solitaria  (2 subspecies in Costa Rica, T. s. solitaria & T. s. cinnamomea)
     
     
199. Willet (*) (ph) ______  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  HN:dec  PN:feb,mar,aug,nov
     Tringa (formerly Catoptrophorus) semipalmatus inornatus  
     
     
200. Wandering Tattler ______
     Heteroscelus (some say Tringa) brevipes  
     
     
201. Spotted Sandpiper (*) (ph) ______   BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,dec  HN:mar,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,aug,nov
     Actitis macularia  (monotypic)
     
     
202. Upland Sandpiper (*) ______ 
     Bartramia longicauda  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
203. Ruddy Turnstone (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  HN:dec  PN:feb,mar,aug,nov
     Arenaria i. interpres
     
     
204. Surfbird  (*)  ______  PN:aug
     Aphriza virgata  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
205. Red Knot (*) (ph) ______  CR:mar  PN:mar
     Calidris canutus rufa
     
     
206. Sanderling (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar  CR:feb,dec/jan  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar
     Calidris alba rubida
     
     
207. Semipalmated Sandpiper (*) ______  BZ:mar,apr  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:mar,apr  HN:apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,aug
     Calidris pusilla  (monotypic)
     
     
208. Western Sandpiper (*) (ph) ______  BZ:apr  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:mar,apr  PN:feb,mar,aug
     Calidris mauri  (monotypic)
     
     
209. Least Sandpiper (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb  CR:feb,mar,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,mar,apr  HN:dec  PN:feb,mar,aug
     Calidris minutilla  (monotypic)
     
     
210. Pectoral Sandpiper (*) (ph) ______  CR:apr  GU:apr
     Calidris melanotos  (monotypic)
     
     
211. White-rumped Sandpiper  (ph) ______  GU:apr  PN:aug
     Calidris fiscicollis
     
     
212. Baird's Sandpiper ______
     Calidris bairdii
     
     
213. Dunlin  (*) (ph)  ______   CR:mar
     Calidris alpina
     
     In Costa Rica, the Dunlin is a very rare migrant from North America, found by the Gulf of Nicoya from late December to early May.
     
     
214. Curlew Sandpiper (ph) ______
     Calidris ferruginea 
     
     The Curlew Sandpiper, a bird of the Old World, has been reported, once, in Costa Rica in November by the Gulf of Nicoya.    
     
     
215. Stilt Sandpiper (*) ______  CR:feb,mar  GU:apr
     Calidris (formerly Micropalama) himantopus 
     
     
216. Buff-breasted Sandpiper (nt) (ph) ______
     Tryngites subruficollis  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
217. Ruff / Reeve (ph) ______
     Philomachus pugnax  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
218. Short-billed Dowitcher (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:apr,jun  HN:dec  PN:feb,mar,aug,nov
     Limnodromus griseus
     
     
219. Long-billed Dowitcher ______
     Limnodromus scolopaceus
     
     
220. Wilson's Snipe  (ph) ______  HN:feb   (was conspecific with the Common Snipe of the Old World)
     Gallinago delicata
     
     
221. Wilson's Phalarope ______
     Phalaropus tricolor
     
     
222. Red-necked Phalarope (ph) ______
     Phalaropus lobatus  
     
     
223. Parasitic Jaeger (*) (ph) ______  CR:jul  (called Arctic Skua in the Old World)
     Stercorarius parasiticus  (monotypic)
     
     
224. Pomarine Jaeger  (ph) ______  (also called Pomarine Skua)
     Stercorarius pomarinus
     
     The Pomarine Jaeger is a sporadic visitor off both coasts of Costa Rica, from August to April, most commonly from December to February off the Pacific (when it can be found among Wedge-tailed Shearwaters).  
     
     
225. Long-tailed Jaeger  (CRr) (ph) ______  (called Long-tailed Skua in the Old World)
     Stercorarius longicaudus
     
     There's a late-April record of a Long-tailed Jaeger in the Gulf of Papagayo. Generally, the species is further offshore.  
     
     
226. South Polar Skua  (CRr) (ph) ______
     Stercorarius (formerly Catharacta) maccormicki
     
     Sightings of skuas in Costa Rican waters off both coasts have probably been the South Polar. Such sightings have been in April, May, August, & September. 
     
     
227. Laughing Gull (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,amr,apr,dec  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,aug,oct
     Leucophaeus (formerly Larus) atricilla megalopterus
     
     
228. Franklin's Gull (*) (ph) ______  CR:dec/jan  GU:apr,jul  PN:aug
     Leucophaeus (formerly Larus) pipixcan  (monotypic)
     
     
229. Lesser Black-backed Gull  (*) ______  GU:apr  PN:aug
     Larus fuscus graellsii
     
     
230. Ring-billed Gull (*) (ph) ______  CR:apr  PN:feb,mar
     Larus delawarensis  (monotypic)
     
     
231. "American" Herring Gull (*) ______  CR:dec/jan  PN:mar
     Larus argentatus smithsonianus
     
     
232. Bonaparte's Gull  (CRr) (ph) ______
     Chroicocephalus (formerly Larus) philadelphia
     
     The Bonaparte's Gull has been known in Costa Rica from 3 sightings along the Pacific coast, in May 1977 (2 in breeding plumage) at Golfito, and further north in Chomes in December 1978 & January 1980 (immature birds).   
     
     
233. Sabine's Gull (*) (ph) ______ 
     Xema sabini  (the single member of its genus)
     
     The Sabine's Gull is a regular transient, in moderate numbers, off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, during the spring & fall. 
     
     
234. Gull-billed Tern (*) ______  BZ:mar,apr  CR:mar,dec/jan  GU:mar,apr  HN:apr  PN:feb,mar,aug,oct
     Gelochelidon (formerly Sterna) nilotica vanrossemi  (occurs on the Pacific side of Costa Rica) 
     
     
235. Caspian Tern (*) (ph) ______   BZ:feb,apr  CR:mar  GU:mar,apr  HN:apr,dec  PN:nov
     Hydroprogne (formerly Sterna) caspia  (monotypic)
     
     
236. Royal Tern (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,dec  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,nov
     Thalasseus (formerly Sterna) m. maxima
     
     
237. Sandwich Tern (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,dec  GU:apr  HN:apr,dec  PN:feb
     Thalasseus (formerly Sterna) sandvicensis acuflavida
     
     
238. Elegant Tern (nt) (*) ______  CR:apr
     Thalasseus (formerly Sterna) elegans  (monotypic)
     
     
239. Forster's Tern (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar  CR:mar  HN:dec  PN:mar
     Sterna forsteri  (monotypic)
     
     
240. Common Tern (*)  ______  BZ:mar,apr  HN:dec  PN:feb,mar
     Sterna hirundo
      
     
241. Least Tern (*) ______  CR:apr
     Sternula (formerly Sterna) antillarum browni
     
     
242. Large-billed Tern  (ph) ______ 
     Phaetusa simplex
     
     In Costa Rica, a Large-billed Tern, a bird of South America, was photographed along the Tortuguero River in March 2003.    
     
     
243. Black Tern (ph) ______  BZ:feb  GU:jul
     Chlidonias niger
     
     
     
     
     A Black Tern as seen during a FONT tour in Guatemala in July 
     
     
244. Bridled Tern (ph) ______
     Onychoprion anaethetus
     
     
245. Brown Noddy (*) ______  CR:
     Anous stolidus ridgwayi  
     
     
246. Black Noddy ______
     Anous minutus
     
     The Black Noddy is an abundant breeding resident on the Cocos Islands, well offshore from mainland Costa Rica, in the Pacific.
     
     
247. Angel Tern ______  (has been called either White Tern or Fairy Tern) 
     Gygis alba  (the single member of its genus)
     
     The Angel Tern is an abundant breeding resident on the Cocos Islands, offshore from mainland Costa Rica, from February to September. It is absent from there, at sea, the remainder of the year.   
     
     
248. Black Skimmer (*) (ph) ______  CR:mar  GU:apr  HN:apr,dec  PN:feb
     Rynchops n. niger
     
     
249. Common (or Feral) Pigeon (i) (*) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec  PN:jan,feb,mar,aug,nov
     Columba livia
     
     
250. Scaled Pigeon (*) ______   BZ:apr  CR:feb,mar,jul  GU:mar,apr  PN:feb,aug
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) speciosa
     
     
251. Band-tailed Pigeon (*) (ph) ______  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:feb,mar,apr,jun,dec  PN:feb,mar
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) fasciata crissalis
     
     
252. Pale-vented Pigeon (*) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:feb,maraug,nov
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) cayennensis pallidicrissa
     
     
253. Red-billed Pigeon (*) ______  BZ:mar  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:feb,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN:mar,dec
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) flavirostris
     
     
254. Ruddy Pigeon (*) ______  CR:mar,jul  PN:feb
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) subvinacea minima
     
     
255. Short-billed Pigeon (*) ______   BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul  PN:feb
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) nigrirostris  (monotypic)
     
     
256. White-crowned Pigeon ______  BZ:mar
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) leucocephala
     
     In Costa Rica, the White-crowned Pigeon has been seen very rarely along the Caribbean coast.  
     
     
257. Mourning Dove (*) ______  BZ:mar  CR:mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  HN:feb  PN:feb,mar
     Zenaida macroura turturilla
     
     
258. White-winged Dove (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec
     Zenaida asiatica australis
     
     
     
     
     White-winged Dove
     (photo by Dick Tipton)
     
     
259. Common Ground Dove (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,apr  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN:dec
     Columbina passerina neglecta
     
     
260. Plain-breasted Ground Dove (*) ______  BZ:mar  CR:mar,jul  GU:jan,mar,apr  HN:dec  PN:feb
     Columbina minuta elaeodes
     
     
261. Ruddy Ground Dove (*) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,aug,oct,nov
     Columbina taipacoti rufipennis
     
     
     
     
     A female Ruddy Ground Dove during the FONT tour in Belize in April 2011
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
262. Blue Ground Dove (*) ______  BZ:mar  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,apr,jul  PN:feb
     Claravis pretiosa  (monotypic)
     
     
263. Maroon-chested Ground Dove ______
     Claravis mondetoura
     
     The Maroon-chested Ground Dove is extremely rare in Costa Rica in the highlands between 900 & 3,000 meters above sea level. 
     
     
264. Inca Dove (*) (ph) ______  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:feb,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec
     Columbina (formerly Scardafella) inca  (monotypic)
     
     
265. White-tipped Dove (*) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,aug,oct,nov  (a former name was White-fronted Dove)
     Leptotila v, verreauxi
     
     
266. Gray-headed Dove (*) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jul  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul  (was said by some to be conspecific with the Gray-fronted Dove, Leptotila rufaxilla of South America)
     Leptotila p. plumbeiceps
     
     
267. Gray-chested Dove (*) ______   BZ:mar  CR:feb,mar,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,apr  HN:dec  PN:feb,aug
     Leptotila cassinii cerviniventris
     
     
268. Purplish-backed Quail-Dove (*) ______  CR:dec/jan
     Geotrygon lawrencii  (monotypic)
     
     
269. Buff-fronted Quail-Dove (*) ______  CR:jul  PN:feb   (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
     Geotrygon costaricensis  (monotypic)
     
     
270. Chiriqui Quail-Dove (*) ______  CR:feb  (has also been called Rufous-breasted Quail-Dove; range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
     Geotrygon chiriquensis  (monotypic)
     
     
271. Ruddy Quail-Dove (*) ______  BZ:mar  CR:feb,mar  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may
     Geotrygon m. montana
             
     
272. White-faced Quail-Dove  (*)  ______  GU:apr,dec
     Geotrygon albifacies 
     
     
273. Olive-backed Quail-Dove ______
     Geotrygon veraguensis
     
     
274. Violaceous Quail-Dove ______
     Geotrygon violacea 
     
     
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