Birds in EUROPE

Sandgrouse to Buntings


Noting those found during
Focus On Nature Tours
with an (*)

1992 thru 2011

(including 
the Canary Islands off Africa, 
and Turkey, in Asia Minor)   

Part 2 of a Europe Bird List compiled by Armas Hill,
with some photos

Upper right photo: EUROPEAN ROBIN


442 birds have cumulatively been seen during FONT European tours. A few of the birds in the following list are distinctive subspecies.

There have been 55 FONT birding tours in Europe, with 25 in Spain, and 17 in Iceland.  

Link:

Part #1 of this list of Birds in Europe: Grouse to Puffin


Codes (in following list):

In the list that follows, relating to sightings during FONT tours, the country and the months are noted.
BU:   Bulgaria
CI:    Canary Islands (Spain)
HU:   Hungary
IC:    Iceland
PO:   Poland
RM:   Romania (inc. "Transylvania")
SK:   Slovakia
SP:   Spain, 
including nearby Andorra: AN, France: FR, Gibraltar: GR, Morocco: MR, & Portugal: PG 
SW:  Sweden
TU:   Turkey

The following 2 sets of designations by Birdlife International:

(t): a globally threatened or rare species
 (t1): critical 
 (t2): endangered
 (t3): vulnerable
(nt): a near-threatened species globally

(Ee): endangered in Europe
(Ev): vulnerable in Europe
(Er): rare in Europe
(Ed): has recently declined in Europe
(El): localized in Europe

(i): an introduced species

(Vme): vagrant from the Middle East
(Vna): vagrant from North America
(Vsib): vagrant from Siberia

(ph):  species with a photo in the FONT website

Links:

Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours in Europe 

FONT Past Tour Highlights

A List of European Mammals  (with photos)

Directory of Photos in this Website

Links to Bird-Lists for particular European countries:

Bulgaria     Iceland     the Canary Islands     Spain     Sweden

  


Bird-List:

221. Pin-tailed Sandgrouse (Ee) (*) ______  SP:jun
     Pterocles a. alchata
     
     
222. Black-bellied Sandgrouse (Ev) (*) ______  CI:jul  SP:jan,jun
     Pterocles o. orientalis  (except CI)
     Pterocles orientalis aragonica  (CI) 
     
     
223. Rock Pigeon / Feral Pigeon (i) (*)(*) ______  AN:jun  BU:may  CI:jun,jul  FR:jun  GR:jun  HU:may  IC:may,jun,sep,oct  PG:sep  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SK:may  SP:jan,apr,jun,jul,sep,oct,dec  SW:sep  TU:aug
     Columba livia  (except CI)
     Columba l. canariensis  (CI) 
     
     
224. Stock Dove (or Stock Pigeon) (*) ______  BU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SP:jun  SW:sep  TU:aug
     Columba o. oenas
     
     
225. Common Wood Pigeon  (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr,may   RM:may  SK:may  SP:jan,apr,jun,sep,oct,dec  SW:sep  TU:aug
     Columba p. palumbus
     
     
226. Bolle's Pigeon (t3) (Ev) (*) ______ CI:jun,jul  (has been called Dark-tailed Laurel Pigeon) 
     Columba bolli  (monotypic)
     
     
227. Laurel Pigeon (t3) (Ev) (*) ______ CI:jun,jul  (has been called White-tailed Laurel Pigeon)
     Columba junoniae  (monotypic)
     
     
228. Eurasian Collared Dove  (*) ______  BU:may  CI:jun,jul  HU:may  PG:sep  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SK:may  SP:jan,apr,jun,jul,sep,oct,dec  SW:sep  TU:aug
     Streptopelia d. decaocto
     
     
229. African Collared Dove  (i) (*) ______  CI:jun
     Streptopelia roseeogrosea
     
     
230. European Turtle Dove (Ed) (*) ______  AN:jun  BU  CI:jun,jul  HU:may  PO:may  SP:jun,jul  TU:aug
     Streptopelia t. turtur
     
     
231. Laughing (or Palm) Dove (*) ______  TU:aug
     Streptopelia senegalensis ermanni 
     
     
232. Monk Parakeet (i) (*) ______  CI:jul  SP:jun
     Myiopsitta monachus cotorra
     
     
233. Rose-ringed Parakeet (i) (*) ______  TU:aug
     Psittacula krameri
     
     
234. Great Spotted Cuckoo  (*)  ______ BU:may  SP:jun,sep
     Clamator glandarius  (monotypic)
     
     
235. Common Cuckoo  (*)  ______  AN:jun  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SK:may  SP:apr,jun,jul
     Cuculus c. canorus  (except most of SP) 
     Cuculus canorus bangsi  (most of SP) 
     
     
236. Barn Owl (Ed) (*) ______   CI:jun,jul  HU:may  PO:apr  SP:jan
     Tyto a. alba  (1 of 2 subspecies in CI)
     
     
237. Eurasian Eagle-Owl (Ev) (*) ______  BU:may  HU:may  SP:apr,jun,sep
     Bubo b. bubo (except SP) 
     Bubo bubo hispanus  (SP)
     
     
238. Northern Long-eared Owl  (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:may
     Asio o. otus
     
     
239. Short-eared Owl  (Ev) (*) ______  HU:may  IC:jun  SW
     Asio f. flammeus
     
     
     
     
     Short-eared Owl
     (photo by Kim Steininger)
     
     
240. Eurasian Scops Owl  (Ed) (*)  ______  BU:may  FR:jun  HU:may  RM:may  SP:apr,jun
     Otus s. scops
     
     
241. Little Owl (Ed) (*) ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:may  SP:jan,apr,jun,sep  TU:aug
     Athene noctua indigena  (BU,TU) 
     Athene n. noctua  (HU,PO) 
     Athene noctua vidalii  (SP)  
     
     
     
     
     A painting of a Little Owl & a Dupont's Lark on a wall in Spain
        
     
242. Tawny Owl  (*)  ______  HU:may  PO:apr,may  SP:jan
     Strix a. aluco  (except SP) 
     Strix aluco sylvatica  (SP) 
     
     
243. Ural Owl  (*)  ______  HU:may  PO:apr,may
     Strix uralensis liturata
     
     
     
     
     It's there, in the crevice - a roosting Ural Owl
      
     
244. Tengmalm's Owl  (*)  ______  PO:apr  SK:may  (called Boreal Owl in North America)
     Aegolius f. funereus 
     
     
245. Eurasian Pygmy Owl  (*)  ______  PO:may
     Glaucidium p. passerinum
     
     
246. Eurasian Nightjar (Ed) (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:may  SP:oct
     Caprimulgus europaeus
     
     
247. Red-necked Nightjar  (*)  ______  SP:jun
     Caprimulgus ruficollis
     
     
248. Common Swift  (*)  ______  AN:jun  BU:may  CI:jun  FR:jun  HU:may  PO:may  SK:may  SP:apr,jun,jul  SW:sep  TU:aug
     Apus a. apus
     
     
249. Alpine Swift  (*)  ______  BU:may  RM:may  SP:apr,jun,sep  TU:aug
     Tachymarptis (formerly Apus) m. melba
     
     
250. Pallid Swift  (*)  ______  BU:may  CI:jun,jul  SP:jun  TU:aug
     Apus pallidus illyricus  (BU,TU) 
     Apus pallidus brehmorum  (CI,SP) 
     
     
251. White-rumped Swift  (*)  ______  SP:jun
     Apus caffer  (monotypic)
     
     
252. Little Swift  (*)  ______  MR
     Apus affinis galilejensis
     
     
253. Plain Swift  (*)  ______  CI:jun,jul
     Apus unicolor  (monotypic)
     
     
254. Common Kingfisher (Ed) (*)  ______  HU:may  SP:jun,oct,dec  SW  TU:aug
     Alcedo atthis ispida  (except TU) 
     Alcedo a. atthis  (TU) 
     
     
     
     
     Common Kingfisher
     
     
255. European Bee-eater  (Ed) (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:may  SP:apr,jun  TU:aug
     Merops apiaster  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     
     European Bee-eater
     (photo by Przemyslaw Kunysz)
     
     
256. European Roller  (Ed) (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:may  SP:jun  TU:aug
     Coracias g. garrulus
     
     
257. Eurasian Hoopoe  (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SP:apr,jun,jul,sep,dec  TU:aug
     Upupa e. epops
     
     
258. Eurasian Wryneck  (Ed) (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr,may  RM  SK:may  SP
     Jynx t. torquilla
     
     
259. Black Woodpecker  (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SP  SW:sep
     Dryocopus martius
     
     
     
     
     This Black Woodpecker, oddly in flight over the golf course 
     at Falsterbo, the southernmost point in Sweden, where 
     other species fly south during the fall in migration. 
     This bird did not continue across the Baltic, but turned back.
     (photo during the Sept 2007 FONT Sweden tour by James Scheib)      
     
     
260. Grey-headed Woodpecker  (Ed) (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may
     Picus c. canus 
     
     
261. European Green Woodpecker  (Ed) (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SP:jan,apr,jun  SW:sep
     Picus v. viridis  (BU,HU,PO,RM,SW) 
     Picus viridis sharpei  (SP)  ("Iberian Green Woodpecker")   
     
     
262. Syrian Woodpecker  (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  TU:aug
     Dendrocopos s. syriacus
     
     
263. Great Spotted Woodpecker  (*)  ______  AN:jun  BU:may  CI:jun  HU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SK:may  SP:apr,jun,sep  SW:sep  TU:aug
     Dendrocopos m. major  (PO,SW) 
     Dendrocopos major pinetorum  (BU,HU,RM,SK,TU)
     Dendrocopos major hispanus  (SP) 
     Dendrocopos major canariensis  (CI)  (subspecies endemic to Tenerife Island in the Canaries)
     
     
264. Middle Spotted Woodpecker  (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  TU:aug
     Dendrocopos m. medius
     
     
265. Lesser Spotted Woodpecker  (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr  SW:sep  TU:aug
     Dryobates (formerly Dendrocopos) m. minor  (SW) 
     Dryobates (formerly Dendrocopos) minor hortorum  (BU,HU,PO) 
     Dryobates (formerly Dendrocopos) minor danfordi  (TU)  
     
     
266. White-backed Woodpecker  (*)  ______  HU:may  PO:apr,may
     Dendrocopos l. leucotos
     
     
267. Eurasian Three-toed Woodpecker (Ed) (*)  ______  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SK:may  (was conspecific with the American Three-toed Woodpecker, Picoides dorsalis)
     Picoides tridactylus  
     
     
     
     
     Eurasian Three-toed Woodpecker
     
     
268. Northern Grey Shrike  (*)  ______  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SW:sep  (also called Great Grey Shrike; conspecific with the Northern Shrike of North America)
     Lanius e. excubitor (SW)
     Lanius excubitor homeyeri (PO, RM)  
     
      
269. Southern Grey Shrike  (Ed) (*)  ______  CI:jun,jul  PG:sep  SP:jan,apr,jun,sep,oct,dec  (was conspecific with the Northern Grey Shrike that's been called Northern Shrike in North America; in the Asian part of its range, called the "Steppe Shrike")
     Lanius m. meridionalis  (except CI)
     Lanius meridionalis koenigi  (subspecies endemic in the Canary Islands)
     
     
270. Lesser Grey Shrike (Ed) (*) ______  BU:may  HU:may  RM:may  TU:aug
     Lanius minor
     
     
271. Masked Shrike (Ev) (*) ______  BU:may
     Lanius nubicus
     
     
272. Woodchat Shrike (Ev) (*) ______  BU:may  SP:apr,jun  TU:aug
     Lanius s. senator  (except SP)
     Lanius senator rutilans  (SP)
     
     
273. Red-backed Shrike (Ed) (*)  ______  AN:jun  BU:may  FR:jun  HU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SK:may  SP  TU:aug
     Lanius c. collurio
     
     
     
     
     Two photographs of Red-backed Shrikes
     (photo below by Przemyslaw Kunysz)
     
     
     
     
     
     
274. Eurasian Golden Oriole (*) ______  BU  HU:may  PO:may  RM:may  SK:may  SP:jun  TU:aug
     Oriolus o. oriolus
     
     
275. Eurasian Jay  (*)  ______  AN:jun  BU:may  FR:jun  HU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SK:may  SP:jan,apr,jun,sep  SW:sep  TU:aug
     Garrulus g. glandarius  (except TU & most of SP)
     Garrulus glandarius fasciatus  (most of SP)
     Garrulus glandarius ferdinandi  (European TU)
     Garrulus glandarius anatoliae  (Asian TU)
     
     
276. Spotted Nutcracker  (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SK:may  SW:sep
     Nucifraga c. caryocatactes
     
     
277. Iberian Magpie (i?) (*)  ______  SP:apr,jun,sep,dec  (has been considered conspecific with Azure-winged Magpie of eastern Asia)
     Cyanopica cooki
     
     
278. Eurasian Magpie  (*)  ______   AN:jun  BU:may  FR:jun  HU:may  PG:sep  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SK:may  SP:jan,apr,jun,jul,sep,oct,dec  SW:sep  TU  (was conspecific with Black-billed Magpie of North America)
     Pica p. pica  (except most of SP)
     Pica pica melanotos  (most of SP)
     
     
279. Red-billed Chough (Ev) (*)  ______  FR  SP:jan,apr,oct
     Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax erythrorhamphus
     
     
280. Alpine Chough  (*)  ______  AN:jun  SP  TU:aug
     Pyrrhocorax g. graculus
     
     
281. Northern Raven  (*)  ______  AN:jun  BU:may  CI:jun,jul  FR:jun  HU:may  IC:may,jun,sep,oct  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SK:may  SP:jan,apr,jun,sep,oct,dec  SW:sep  TU:aug
     Corvus c. corax  (except CI, IC, TU, & most of SP)
     Corvus corax canariensis  (a rare subspecies endemic in the Canary Islands)
     Corvus corax varius  (IC)
     Corvus corax laurenci  (TU)
     Corvus corax hispanus  (most of SP)
     
     
282. Rook  (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SW:sep  TU:aug
     Corvus f. frugilegus
     
     
     
     
     A Rook photographed during the September 2007 FONT Sweden tour
     (photo by James Scheib)
     
     
283. Hooded Crow  (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SW:sep  TU:aug
     Corvus cornix
     
     
     
     
     2 Corvids at once during the September 2007 FONT Sweden tour:
     the Eurasian Magpie (left); the Hooded Crow (right)
     (photo by James Scheib)
     
      
284. Carrion Crow  (*)  ______  AN:jun  FR:jun  SP:apr,jun,sep,oct,dec
     Corvus corone
     
     
285. Western Jackdaw  (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SP:jan,apr,jun,sep,dec  SW:sep  TU:aug
     Coloeus (formerly Corvus) m. monedula  (except SP & TU)
     Coloeus (formerly Corvus) monedula spermologus  (SP)
     Coloeus (formerly Corvus) monedula soemmerringii  (TU)
     
     
     
     
     Western Jackdaw
     (photograph by Andy Ednie)
     
     
286. Bohemian Waxwing  (*)  ______ PO:apr
     Bombycilla g. garrulus 
     
     
287. Northern Great Tit  (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SP:jan,apr,jun,sep,oct,dec  SW:sep  TU:aug
     Parus m. major  (except south SP)
     Parus major corsus  (south SP)
     
     
     
     
     Northern Great Tit
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
288. Blue Tit  (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PG:sep  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SK:may  SP:jan,apr,jun,sep,oct,dec  SW:sep  TU:aug
     Cyanistes (formerly Parus) c. caeruleus  (except central & south SP)
     Cyanistes (formerly Parus) caeruleus ogliastrae  (central & south SP) 
     
     
     
     
     A Blue Tit photographed during a FONT tour in Sweden  
     (photo by James Scheib)
     
     
289. African Blue Tit  (*)  _____  CI:jun,jul
     Cyanistes (formerly Parus) ultramarinus teneriffae  (endemic subspecies in CI, one of 4 endemic subspecies there)  
     
     
290. Coal Tit  (*)  ______  AN:jun  BU:may  FR  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SK:may  SP:apr,jun,sep,oct  SW  TU:aug
     Periparus (formerly Parus) a. ater  (except SP)
     Periparus (formerly Parus) ater vieirae  (SP)  
     
     
291. Marsh Tit  (*)  ______  AN:jun  BU:may  FR  HU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SP  SW:sep  TU:aug
     Poecile (formerly Parus) p. palustris  (except TU)
     Poecile (formerly Parus) palustris stagnatilis  (TU)
     
     
292. Willow Tit  (*)  ______  BU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SK:may
     Poecile (formerly Parus) m. montanus
     
     
293. Sombre Tit  (*)  ______ BU:may  TU:aug
     Poecile (formerly Parus) lugubris anatoliae
     
     
294. European Crested Tit  (*)  ______  AN:jun  BU:may  FR:jun  PO:apr  SK:may  SP:jan,apr,jun,sep  SW  TU:aug
     Lophophanes (formerly Parus) c. cristatus  (except SP)
     Lophophanes (formerly Parus) cristatus mitratus  (north SP)
     Lophophanes (formerly Parus) cristatus weigoldi  (central & south SP) 
     
     
295. Eurasian Penduline-Tit  (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr,may  SP:jan
     Remiz p. pendulinus
     
     
296. Barn Swallow  (Ed) (*)  ______  AN:jun  BU:may  CI:jun,jul  FR:jun  HU:may  IC:jun(rare)  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SK:may  SP:jan,apr,jun,jul,sep,oct,dec  SW:sep  TU:aug
     Hirundo r. rustica 
     
     
297. Red-rumped Swallow  (*)  ______  BU:may  SP:apr,jun,sep  TU:aug
     Cecropis (formerly Hirundo) daurica rufula
     
     
298. Eurasian Crag Martin  (*)  ______  AN:jun  BU:may  FR:jun  PG:sep  RM  SP:jan,apr,jun,sep,oct  TU:aug
     Ptyonoprogne rupestris
     
     
299. Sand Martin (Ed)  (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr,may  SP:apr,jun,jul,oct  TU:aug  (has been called Bank Swallow in North America)
     Riparia r. riparia
     
     
300. Northern House Martin  (*)  ______  AN:jun  BU:may  CI:jul  FR:jun  HU:may  IC:jun(rare)  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SK:may  SP:apr,jun,jul,sep,oct  SW:sep  TU:aug
     Delichon u. urbicum 
     
     
301. Long-tailed Bushtit  (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr,may  SK:may  SP:apr,jun,sep,oct,dec  SW:sep  TU:aug  (has been called Long-tailed Tit)
     Aegithalos c. caudatus  (except BU,HU,SK,SP,TU)
     Aegithalos caudatus europaeus  (BU,HU,SK)
     Aegithalos caudatus tephronotus  (TU) 
     Aegithalos caudatus taiti  (north SP)
     Aegithalos caudatus irbii  (central & south SP) 
     
     
302. Dupont's Lark  (Ev) (*)  ______ SP
     Chersophilus d. duponti
     
     
303. Greater Short-toed Lark  (Ev) (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  SP:jan,apr,jun,oct  TU:aug
     Calandrella b. brachydactyla  (except HU) 
     Calandrella brachydactyla hungarica  (HU) 
     
     
304. Lesser Short-toed Lark  (Ev) (*)  ______  CI:jun,jul  SP:jun
     Calandrella rufescens apetzii  (SP) 
     Calandrella rufescens polatzeki  (1 of 2 subspecies in CI)  
     
     
305. Calandra Lark  (Ed) (*)  ______ BU:may  PG:sep  SP:jan,apr,jun,sep,oct  TU:aug
     Melanocorypha c. calandra
     
     
     
     
     Calandra Lark
     
     
306. Woodlark  (Ev) (*)  ______  BU:may  FR:jun  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SP:apr,jun  SW;sep  TU:aug
     Lullula a. arborea  (except SP & TU) 
     Lullula arborea pallida  (SP,TU) 
     
     
307. Eurasian Skylark  (Ev) (*)  ______ BU:may  FR:jun  HU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SK:may  SP:apr,jun,sep  SW:sep  TU:aug
     Alauda a. arvensis  (except TU & central SP)
     Alauda arvensis cantarella  (TU) 
     Alauda arvensis sierrae  (central SP) 
     
     
308. Crested Lark  (Ed) (*)  ______  BU:may  FR  HU:may  PG:sep  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SK:may  SP:jan,apr,jun,jul,sep,oct,dec  TU:aug
     Galerida c. cristata  (except SP & TU) 
     Galerida cristata pallida  (SP)
     Galerida cristata caucasica  (TU) 
     
     
309. Thekla Lark  (Ev) (*)  ______  SP:jan,apr,jun,sep
     Galerida t. theklae
     
     
310. Horned Lark  (*)  ______  PO:may  TU:aug  (has been called Shore Lark in Europe) 
     Eremophila alpestris flava  (PO) 
     Eremophila alpestris penicillata  (TU) 
     
     
311. Zitting Cisticola  (*)  ______  BU:may  SP:jan,apr,jun,jul,oct,dec  TU:aug  (has also been called Fan-tailed Warbler, but a non-related species is so-named in Mexico; additionally the cisticolas are now in a family apart from the Old World Warblers) 
     Cisticola j. juncidis  (except SP)
     Cisticola juncidis cisticola  (SP) 
     
     
312. Common Grasshopper Warbler  (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr,may
     Locustella n. naevia
     
     
313. Cetti's Warbler  (*)  ______  SP:jan,apr,jun  TU:aug
     Cettia c. cetti  (except TU)
     Cettia cetti sericea  (TU)
     
     
314. Savi's Warbler  (*)  ______  HU:may  PO:apr,may  SP:apr,jun
     Locustella l. luscinioides
     
     
315. River Warbler  (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr,may
     Locustella fluviatilis
     
     
316. Marsh Warbler  (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr,may
     Acrocephalus palustris
     
     
317. Eurasian Reed Warbler  (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PG:sep  PO:may  SP:apr,jun,sep,oct  TU:aug  (the former European Reed Warbler is now considered conspecific with the also former Caspian Reed Warbler, Acrocephalus fuscus)   )      
     Acrocephalus scirpaceus
     
     
318. Great Reed Warbler  (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr,may  SP:apr,jun,jul  TU:aug
     Acrocephalus a. arundinaceus
     
     
319. Aquatic Warbler  (t3) (Ee) (*)  ______   HU:may  PO:may
     Acrocephalus paludicola
     
     
320. Sedge Warbler  (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr,may  TU:aug
     Acrocephalus schoenobaenus
     
     
321. Moustached Warbler  (*)  ______  BU:may  HU  SP:jun  TU:aug
     Acrocephalus m. melanopogon
     
     
322. Paddyfield Warbler  (*)  ______ BU:may
     Acrocephalus agricola septimus
     
     
323. Western Olivaceous Warbler  (Ev) (*)  ______ SP:apr,jun
     Hippolais opaca  (SP)
     
     
324. Eastern Olivaceous Warbler  (*)  ______  BU:may  TU:aug
     Hippolais pallida elaeica
     
     
325. Olive-tree Warbler  (Er) (*)  ______  BU:may
     Hippolais olivetorum
     
     
326. Melodious Warbler  (*)  ______  PG:sep  SP:jun,sep
     Hippolais polyglotta
     
     
327. Icterine Warbler  (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:may
     Hippolais icterina
     
     
328. Common Whitethroat  (*)  ______  BU:may  FR:jun  HU:may  PG;sep  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SP:apr,jun  TU:aug
     Sylvia c. communis
     
     
329. Lesser Whitethroat  (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr,may  TU:aug
     Sylvia c. curruca
     
     
330. Garden Warbler  (*)  ______  BU:may  PO:may  SP:jun
     Sylvia b. borin
     
     
331. Barred Warbler  (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:may
     Sylvia n. nisoria
     
     
332. Eurasian Blackcap  (*)  ______  BU:may  CI:jun,jul  FR:jun  HU:may  IC:oct  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SK:may  SW;sep  SP:jan,apr,jun,sep,oct,dec  TU:aug
     Sylvia a. atricapilla  (except CI & SP) 
     Sylvia atricapilla obscura  (subspecies endemic in the Canary Islands) 
     Sylvia atricapilla pauluccii  (SP) 
     
     
333. Orphean Warbler  (Ev) (*)  ______  BU:may  SP:jun 
     Sylvia hortensis crassirostris  (BU)  ("Eastern Orphean Warbler")
     Sylvia h. hortensis  (SP)  ("Western Orphean Warbler") 
     
     
334. Sardinian Warbler  (*)  ______  BU:may  CI:jun,jul  SP:jan,apr,jun,sep,dec  TU:aug
     Sylvia m. melanocephala  (except CI)
     Sylvia melanocephala leucogastra  (subspecies endemic in the Canary Islands, one of 2 subspecies there)
     
     
335. Subalpine Warbler  (*)  ______  BU:may  SP:apr,jun,sep  TU:aug
     Sylvia cantillans
     
     
336. Spectacled Warbler  (*)  ______  CI:jun,jul  SP
     Sylvia conspicillata
     
     
337. Dartford Warbler  (Ev) (*)  ______  SP:jan,apr,jun,sep
     Sylvia undata
     
     
338. Willow Warbler  (*)  ______  BU:may  PO:apr,may  SK  SP  SW  TU:aug
     Phylloscopus t. trochilus  (in western Europe)
     Phylloscopus trochilus acredula  (in north, central, eastern Europe)
     
     
339. Western Bonelli's Warbler  (*)  ______  SP;apr,jun 
     Phylloscopus bonelli
     
     
340. Eastern Bonelli's Warbler  (*)  ______  BU:may
     Phylloscopus orientalis
     
     
341. Wood Warbler  (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr,may  SW
     Phylloscopus sibilatrix
     
     
342. Common Chiffchaff  (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PG:sep  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SK:may  SP:jan,apr,sep,oct,dec  SW:sep  TU:aug
     Phylloscopus c. collybita
     Phylloscopus collybita abietinus 
     (these 2 subspecies overlap in migration)
     
     
343. Iberian Chiffchaff  (*)  ______  AN:jun  FR:jun  SP:jun  (was considered conspecific with the Common Chiffchaff)
     Phylloscopus brehmii
     
     
344. Canary Islands Chiffchaff  (*)  ______  CI:jun,jul  (was considered conspecific with the Common Chiffchaff)
     Phylloscopus c. canariensis  (the other Canarian subspecies extinct since the beginning of the 20th Century) 
     
     
345. Yellow-browed Warbler (Vsib) (*)  ______  SW:sep   
     Phylloscopus inornatus
     
     
     
     
     Yellow-browed Warbler
     (photo by Tommy Holmgren)
     This bird, from Siberia & rare in western Europe, was seen
     during FONT tours in Sweden in Oct 1999 & Sep 2006.   
     
     
346. Green Warbler  (*)  ______ TU:aug  (was considered conspecific with the Greenish Warbler, Phylloscopus trochiloides)
     Phylloscopus nitidus
     
     
347. Bearded Reedling  (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  SP:jun  (has been called Bearded Tit)
     Panurus b. biarmicus
     
     
348. Firecrest  (*)  ______  AN:jun  BU:may  FR:jun  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SP:jan,apr
     Regulus i. ignicapillus
     
     
349. Goldcrest  (*)  ______  BU:may  IC:jun,oct  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SK:may  SP:apr,jun,sep  SW;sep  TU:aug
     Regulus r. regulus  (except TU) 
     Regulus regulus buturlini  (TU) 
     
     
     
     
     A Goldcrest photographed during a FONT tour in Sweden.
     This species, along with the Firecrest, shares the distinction of being Europe's smallest bird. 
     (photo by James Scheib)
     
     
350. "Canary Islands Goldcrest"  (*)  ______ CI:jun,jul  (this subspecies of the Goldcrest has also been called the "Tenerife, or Canarian, Kinglet")
     Regulus regulus teneriffae  
     
     
351. Eurasian Wren  (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  IC:jun,sep,oct  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SK:may  SP:apr,jun,dec  SW:sep  TU:aug
     Troglodytes (or Nannus) t. troglodytes  (except IC,TU & south SP)
     Troglodytes troglodytes islandicus  (subspecies endemic in Iceland, the "Icelandic Wren")
     Troglodytes troglodytes cypriotes  (TU) 
     Troglodytes troglodytes kabylorum (south SP) 
     
     
352. Eurasian Nuthatch  (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SP:apr,jun,sep  SW  TU:aug
     Sitta e. europaea  (PO)
     Sitta europaea caesia  (BU,HU,RM,SW, north SP)
     Sitta europaea hispaniensis  (central SP) 
     Sitta europaea levantina  (west TU)
     Sitta europaea caucasica  (north & east TU)
     
     
     
     
     Eurasian Nuthatch
     Sitta europaea caesia
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
353. Kruper's Nuthatch  (*)  ______  TU:aug  (nearly endemic to Turkey)
     Sitta krueperi
     
     
354. Western Rock Nuthatch  (*)  ______  BU:may  TU:aug
     Sitta n. neumayer
     
     
355. Wallcreeper  (*)  ______  RM:may  SP
     Tichodroma m. muraria
     
     
     
     
     The Wallcreeper
     
     
356. Eurasian Treecreeper  (*)  ______  AN:jun  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SP  SW
     Certhia f. familiaris  (except SP)
     Certhia familiaris macrodactyla  (SP) 
     
     
357. Short-toed Treecreeper  (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr  SP:jan,apr,sep  TU:aug
     Certhia b. brachydactyla  (except SP & TU)
     Certhia brachydactyla megarhyncha  (SP)
     Certhia brachydactyla harteri  (TU) 
      
     
358. Common Starling  (*)  ______  BU:may  CI:jun  FR:jun  HU:may  IC:may,jun,sep,oct  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SK:may  SP:jan  SW;sep  TU:aug
     Sturnus vulgaris
     
     
     
     
     Common Starling
     (photo by Doris Potter)
     
     
359. Spotless Starling  (*)  ______  FR:jun  GR:jun  PG:sep  SP:jan,apr,jun,jul,sep,oct,dec
     Sturnus unicolor
     
     
360. Rosy Starling  (*)  ______  BU:may  IC:oct  SW:sep  (has been called Rose-colored Starling)
     Pastor (formerly Sturnus) roseus
     
     
361. Common Myna (i) (*)  ______  CI:jul(rare)  SP  (another name is Indian Myna)
     Acridotheres tristis
     
     
362. Spotted Flycatcher  (Ed) (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr,may  SP:jun,sep  TU:aug
     Muscicapa s. striata
     
     
363. European Pied Flycatcher  (*)  ______  HU  PG:sep  PO:apr,may  SK:may  SP:apr,jun,sep,oct  SW:sep
     Ficedula h. hypoleuca  (except SP) 
     Ficedula hypoleuca iberiae  (SP) 
     
     
     
     
     A female European Pied Flycatcher, a migrant photographed during the Sept 07 FONT Sweden tour
     (photo by James Scheib)   
     
     
364. Collared Flycatcher  (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr,may
     Ficedula albicollis
     
     
365. Semicollared Flycatcher  (Ee) (*)  ______ BU:may
     Ficedula semitorquata
     
     
366. Red-breasted Flycatcher  (*)  ______  BU:may  PO:apr,may  SW:sep  (was conspecific with what's now called the Taiga Flycatcher in eastern Asia) 
     Ficedula parva
     
     
367. Whinchat  (*)  ______  AN:jun  BU:may  FR:jun  HU:may  PG:sep  PO:apr,may  RM  SP:sep  SW:sep  TU:aug
     Saxicola rubetra
     
     
368. Eurasian Stonechat  (Ed) (*)  ______  BU:may  HU:may  PG;sep  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SP:jan,apr,jun,sep,oct,dec  TU:aug
     Saxicola torquatus rubicola
     
     
369. Canary Islands Bush Chat  (nt) (Ev) (*)  ______ CI:jun,jul  (has also been called Fuerteventura, or Canarian Chat)
     Saxicola d. dacotiae  (the other Canarian subspecies, S.d.murielae, is now extinct)  
     
     
370. Northern Wheatear ______  AN:jun  BU:may  FR:jun  HU:may  IC:may,jun,sep,oct  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SP:apr,jun,sep  SW;sep  TU:aug
     Oenanthe o. oenanthe  (except IC & TU) 
     Oenanthe oenanthe leucorrha  (IC) 
     Oenanthe oenanthe libanotica  (TU) 
     
     
     
     
     The Northern Wheatear, in flight & on the ground
     (photos by Howard Eskin)
     
     
     
     
371. Pied Wheatear ______  BU:may
     Oenanthe pleschanka
     
     
     
     
     A Pied Wheatear in Bulgaria
      
     
372. "Western" Black-eared Wheatear (Ev) ______  PG:sep  SP:apr,sep,oct
     Oenanthe h. hispanica
     
     
373. "Eastern" Black-eared Wheatear ______  BU:may  TU:aug
     Oenanthe hispanica melanoleuca
     
     
374. Isabelline Wheatear ______  BU:may  TU:aug
     Oenanthe isabellina
     
     
375. Finch's Wheatear ______  TU:aug
     Oenanthe f. finschii
     
     
376. Black Wheatear (Ee) ______  SP:jan,jun
     Oenanthe l. leucura
     
     
377. Black Redstart ______  AN:jun  BU:may  FR:jun  HU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SP:jan,apr,jun,sep,oct,dec  SW:sep  TU:aug
     Phoenicurus ochruros gibraltariensis  (except TU & most of SP)
     Phoenicurus o. ochruros  (TU)
     Phoenicurus ochruros aterrimus  (central & south SP)
     
     
     
     
     Black Redstarts. Above a male, below a female.
     (upper photo by Przemyslaw Kunysz in Poland; 
      lower photo by James Scheib during a FONT tour in Sweden) 
     
     
     
     
     
378. Common Redstart  (Ev) ______  AN:jun  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SP  SW  TU:aug
     Phoenicurus p. phoenicurus  (except TU) 
     Phoenicurus phoenicurus samamisicus  (TU) 
     
     
379. European Robin ______  AN:jun  BU:may  CI:jun,jul  FR:jun  HU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SK:may  SP:jan,apr,jun,sep,oct.dec  SW:sep  TU:aug  
     Erithacus r. rubecula  (except CI & south SP)
     Erithacus rubecula superbus  (subspecies endemic in the Canary Islands)
     Erithacus rubecula sardus  (south SP)
     
     
     
     
     A European Robin photographed during a FONT tour 
     in Sweden in September 2007
     (photo by James Scheib; 
      the other photo of the European Robin at the top of this list by Jens Bruun)
       
     
380. Common Nightingale ______  BU:may  FR  HU:may  PO:may  RM:may  SP:apr,jun  TU:aug
     Luscinia megarhynchos bachrmanni  (except SP)
     Luscinia m. megarhynchos  (SP) 
     
     
381. Thrush Nightingale (or "Sprosser") ______  BU:may  PO:apr,may
     Luscinia luscinia
     
     
382. Bluethroat ______  HU:may  PO:apr,may  SP:apr,jun,dec
     Luscinia svecica cyanecula  (except SP) 
     Luscinia svecica nametum  (SP) 
     
     
     
     
     A Bluethroat photographed during a FONT tour
     
     
383. Rufous-tailed Scrub-Robin ______ SP
     Cercotrichas g. galactotes
     
     
384. Blue Rock Thrush (Ev) ______  BU:may  GR:jun  SP:apr,jun,sep,oct  TU:aug
     Monticola s. solitarius
     
     
385. Rufous-tailed Rock Thrush (Ed) ______  BU:may  RM:may  SP:jun
     Monticola saxatilis
     
     
386. Common Blackbird ______  AN:jun  BU:may  CI:jun,jul  FR  HU:may  IC:jun,sep  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SP:jan,apr,jun,sep,oct,dec  SW:sep  TU:aug
     Turdus m. merula  (except CI & TU)
     Turdus merula cabrerae  (subspecies endemic in the Canary Islands)
     Turdus merula aterrimus  (TU) 
     
     
387. Ring Ouzel ______  BU:may  PO  RM:may
     Turdus torquatus alpestris
     
     
     
     
     Ring Ouzel
     (photo by Przemyslaw Kunysz)
     
     
388. Fieldfare ______  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SW:sep
     Turdus pilaris
     
     
389. Redwing ______  IC:may,jun,sep,oct  PO:apr  SP:dec  SW
     Turdus i. iliacus  (except IC)
     Turdus iliacus coburni  (IC) 
     
     
     
     
     The Redwing is one of the most common landbirds in Iceland,
     during FONT tours in May & June and in September & October.   
     
     
390. Song Thrush ______  BU:may  FR:jun  HU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SK:may  SP:jan,dec  SW;sep  TU:aug
     Turdus p. philomelos  (in eastern Europe)
     Turdus philomelos clarkei  (in western Europe) 
     
     
391. Mistle Thrush ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SP:jun,sep  SW:sep  TU:aug
     Turdus v. viscivorus  
     
     
392. White-throated Dipper ______  BU:may  RM:may  PO:may  SP:apr,jun,sep  TU:aug
     Cinclus cinclus aquaticus  (except TU & north SP)
     Cinclus c. cinclus  (north SP) 
     Cinclus cinclus caucasicus  (TU) 
     
     
393. House Sparrow (i) ______  AN:jun  BU:may  FR:jun  HU:may  IC:may  PG:sep  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SK:may  SP:jan,apr,jun,jul,sep,oct,dec  SW:sep  TU:aug
     Passer d. domesticus
     
     
394. Spanish Sparrow ______  BU:may CI:jun,jul  SP:apr,jun  TU:aug
     Passer h. hispaniolensis
     
     
395. Eurasian Tree Sparrow ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SK:may  SP:jun,dec  SW:sep  TU:aug
     Passer m. montanus
     
     
396. Rock Sparrow  ______ CI:jul  SP:apr,jun  TU:aug  (has also been called Rock Petronia)
     Petronia petronia  (the single member of its genus)
     Petronia p. petronia  (except CI)
     Petronia petronia madeirensis  (subspecies endemic in the Canary Islands)
     
     
397. Dunnock ______  BU:may  FR:jun  PO:apr,may  RM  SK  SP:apr,jun,sep  SW:sep  TU:aug
     Prunella m. modularis  (except SPf & TU)
     Prunella modularis mabbotti  (SPf)
     Prunella modularis euxima  (TU)  
     
     
398. Alpine Accentor ______  SP:jan  TU:aug
     Prunella c. collaris  (SP) 
     Prunella collaris subalpina  (TU)   
     
     
399. Tree Pipit ______  BU:may  FR:jun  HU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SP:apr  SW:sep  TU:aug
     Anthus t. trivialis
     
     
400. Meadow Pipit ______  BU:may  IC:may,jun,sep,oct  PO:apr,may  SP:jan,apr,dec  SW:sep
     Anthus p. pratensis 
     
     
401. Berthelot's Pipit ______ CI:jun,jul   (a Macaronesian endemic)
     Anthus b. berthelotii
     
     
402. Water Pipit ______  AN:jun  BU:may  FR:jun  PO:may  SP:jan,jun,sep  TU:aug
     Anthus s. spinoletta  (except TU) 
     Anthus spinoletta coutellii  (TU) 
     
     
403. Eurasian Rock Pipit  ______  SW:sep  (was considered conspecific with the Water Pipit)
     Anthus petrosus littoralis
     
     
404. Buff-bellied Pipit  (Vna)  ______  IC:sep(rare)  (the subspecies of North America called the American Pipit) 
     Anthus rubescens
     
     
405. Red-throated Pipit ______  BU:may  HU:may  TU:aug
     Anthus cervinus rufogularis
     
     
406. Tawny Pipit (Ev) ______  BU:may  FR:jun  HU:may  PO:apr  RM:may  SP:apr,jun,sep  TU:aug
     Anthus c. campestris
     
     
407. Richard's Pipit  ______  SW:sep
     Anthus richardi
     
     
408. White Wagtail ______  AN:jun  BU:may  FR:jun  HU:may  IC:may,jun,sep,oct  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SP:Jan,apr,jun,sep,oct,dec  SW:sep  TU:aug 
     Motacilla a. alba
     
     
     
     
     A White Wagtail photographed during a FONT tour in Sweden
     (photo by James Scheib)
     
     
409. Grey Wagtail ______   AN:jun  BU:may  CI:jun,jul  FR:jun  HU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SP:jan,apr,jun,jul,sep  SW:sep  TU:aug
     Motacilla c. cinerea  (except CI) 
     Motacilla cinerea canaraiensis  (subspecies endemic in the Canary Islands) 
     
     
410. "Blue-headed" Western Yellow Wagtail ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr,may  (the Western Yellow Wagtail has been split from the Eastern Yellow Wagtail in eastern Asia & Alaska, Motacilla tschutschensis)
     Motacilla flava flava  
     
     
411. "Grey-headed" Western Yellow Wagtail ______  BU:may  PO:may  SW:sep
     Motacilla flava thunbergi
     
     
412. "Black-headed"  Western Yellow Wagtail ______  BU:may  RM:may  TU:aug
     Motacilla flava feldegg
     
     
413. "Iberian" Western Yellow Wagtail ______  PG:sep  SP:apr,jun,jul,sep,oct
     Motacilla flava iberiae
     
     
414. Western Yellow Wagtail ______ SP
     Motacilla flava flavissima
     
     
415. Citrine Wagtail ______  PO:may  (has also been called Yellow-hooded Wagtail) 
     Motacilla citreola werae
     
     
416. Common Chaffinch ______  AN:jun  BU:may  CI:jum,jul  FR:jun  HU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SK:may  SP:jan,apr,jun,sep,oct,dec  SW:sep  TU:aug
     Fringilla c. coelebs  (except CI & SP)
     Fringilla coelebs canariensis  (formerly F.c.tintillon)  (subspecies endemic in the Canary Islands)
     Fringilla coelebs balearica  (SP)
     
     
     
     
     Common Chaffinch
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
417. Blue Chaffinch (nt) (Ev) ______  CI:jun,jul  (endemic to the Canary Islands)  (also called "Teydefinch") 
     Fringilla t. teydea  (1 of 2 subspecies in the Canary Islands)
     
     
418. Brambling ______  PO:apr  SW;sep
     Fringilla montifringilla  (monotypic)
     
     
419. European Goldfinch ______  BU:may  CI:jul  FR:jun  HU:may  PG;sep  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SK:may  SP:jan,apr,jun,sep,oct,dec  SW:sep  TU:aug
     Spinus (formerly Carduelis) c. carduelis  (except CI,TU, & some in SP in the winter)
     Spinus carduelis parva  (CI)
     Spinus carduelis niediecki  (TU)
     Spinus carduelis britannica  (some in SP in the winter) 
     
     
420. Eurasian Siskin ______  CI:jun  IC:jun,sep,oct  PO:apr,may  RM  SP:jan,apr  SW:sep
     Spinus (formerly Carduelis) spinus
     
     
     
     
     A female Eurasian Siskin photographed during a FONT tour 
     (photo by Paul West)
     
     
421. Common Redpoll ______ SW:sep  
     Acanthis (formerly Carduelis) flammea cabaret  ("Lesser Redpoll")
     
     
422. "Icelandic" Common Redpoll ______  IC:may,jun,sep,oct  (a subspecies of the Common Redpoll)
     Acanthis (formerly Carduelis) flammea islandica  
     
     
423. European Greenfinch ______  AN:jun  BU:may  CI:jun,jul  HU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SP:jan,apr,jun,dec  SW:sep  TU:aug
     Carduelis c. chloris  (except CI,SP,TU)
     Carduelis chloris aurantilventris  (CI,SP)
     Carduelis chloris muehlei  (TU)
     
     
424. Common Linnet ______  BU:may  CI:jun,jul  FR:jun  HU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SP:jan,apr,jun,sep,dec  SW:sep  TU:aug
     Carduelis c. cannabina  (except CI,SP,TU)
     Carduelis cannabina meadewaldoi  (1 of 2 subspecies endemic in the Canary Islands)
     Carduelis cannabina mediterranea  (SP,TU)
     
     
425. Eurasian Bullfinch ______  BU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SK:may  SP  SW
     Pyrrhula p. pyrrhula  (except SP)
     Pyrrhula pyrrhula iberiae  (SP)
     
     
426. Hawfinch ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SP:jan,jun  SW  TU:aug
     Coccothraustes c. coccothraustes
     
     
427. Citril Finch ______  FR  SP:jun   (was considered conspecific with what's now the Corsican Finch, Carduelis corsicana)
     Carduelis citrinella  (monotypic)
     
     
428. European Serin ______  AN:jun  BU:may  FR:jun  HU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SP:jan,apr,jun,sep,oct,dec  SW:sep  TU:aug
     Serinus serinus  (monotypic)
     
     
429. Atlantic Canary ______  CI:jun,jul   (endemic to the Canary Islands)   (has been called Island Canary)
     Serinus canaria  (monotypic)
     
     
430. Trumpeter Finch (Er) ______  CI:jun,jul
     Bucanetes githagineus amantum  (endemic subspecies in CI)
     
     
431. Common Rosefinch ______ PO:may  (has also been called Scarlet Rosefinch)
     Carpodacus e. erythrinus
     
     
     
     
     Common Rosefinch
     (photo by Przemyslaw Kunysz)
     
     
432. Red Crossbill ______  AN:jun  BU:may  FR:jun  IC:oct(rare)  RM:may  SK:may  SP:jan,apr,sep  SW 
     Loxia c. curvirostra
     
     
433. Parrot Crossbill ______ SW
     Loxia pytyopsittacus
     
     
434. Two-barred Crossbill ______ SW  (has been called White-winged Crossbill in North America)
     Loxia leucoptera bifasciata
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     Two-barred, or White-winged Crossbills 
     Male, above; female, below.
     (photos by Howard Eskin
     
     
435. Corn Bunting ______  BU:may  CI:jul  HU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SK:may  SP:jan,apr,jun,sep,dec  SW:sep  TU:aug
     Emberiza (formerly Miliaria) c. calandria  (except CI)
     Emberiza (formerly Miliaria) calandria thanneri  (CI)
     
     
436. "Western" Rock Bunting (Ev) ______  BU:may  FR  RM  SP:jan,apr,jun,sep,oct  TU:aug
     Emberiza c. cia
     
     
437. Cirl Bunting ______  BU:may  SP:jan,apr,jun  TU:aug
     Emberiza cirlus  (monotypic)
     
     
438. Yellowhammer ______  AN:jun  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SP:sep  SW:sep
     Emberiza c. citrinella
     
     
     
     
     A Yellowhammer & an Eurasian Tree Sparrow on Oland Island 
     during the September 2007 FONT Sweden Tour 
     (photo by James Scheib)
     
     
439. Ortolan Bunting (Ev) ______  BU:may  PO:apr,may  RM:may  SP:apr,jun,sep
     Emberiza hortulana  (monotypic)
     
     
440. Black-headed Bunting (Ev) ______ BU:may
     Emberiza melanocephala  (monotypic)
     
     
441. Common Reed Bunting ______  BU:may  HU:may  PO:apr,may  SP:jun,dec  SW:sep
     Emberiza s. schoeniclus  (except HU & SP)
     Emberiza schoeniclus stresmanni  (HU)
     Emberiza schoeniclus witherbyi  (SP)
     
     
442. Snow Bunting ______  IC:may,jun,sep,oct  SW:sep
     Calcarius (formerly Plectrophenax) n. nivalis  (SW)
     Calcarius (formerly Plectrophenax) nivalis insulae  (IC) 
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     Snow Buntings are seen in Iceland during FONT tours 
     in both the late spring and the fall.  
     (upper photo by Kim Steininger; lower photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
     

Excellent reference and guide books for the birds of Europe include:
 
"Complete Guide to the Birds of Europe", with text by Lars Svensson and Peter Grant, illustrated by Killian Mullarney and Dan Zetterstrom, 1999. Harper Collins & Princeton Univ Press

"Birds of Europe with North Africa & the Middle East", by Lars Jonsson, 1993, Princeton Univ Press

Other related books:

"Raptors of the World", by James Ferguson-Lee & David Christie, 2001, Houghton Mifflin

"Icelandic Bird Guide", by Oli Johann, 2000, Prentsmidjan Oddi hf.

"Owls - A Guide to the Owls of the World", by C. Konig, Friedhelm Weick, & Jan-Hendrik Becking, 1999, Yale University Press

"Owls of Europe", by Heimo Mikkola, 1983, T & A D Poyser

"Guia de las Aves de las Islas Canarias", by Jose manuel Moreno, 1988, Editorial Interinsular Canaria, S.A.

"La Guia de Incafo de las Aves de la Peninsula Iberica", by Ramon Saez-Royuela, 1980, Incafo.

"Woodpeckers - An Identification Guide to the Woodpeckers of the World", by Hans Winkler, David Christie, & David Nurney, 1995, Houghton Mifflin

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