Birds found during FONT
Tours
for Grouse &
Other Birds 
in Colorado
& Western Kansas
(and nearby Wyoming, Nebraska,
& Oklahoma)
2000 thru 2004
(during the month of April)
List compiled by Armas Hill
There have been 5 such FONT birding tours.
226 species of birds have cumulatively been
seen,
along with 8 additional subspecies.
Codes:
co = Colorado
kn = Kansas
nb = Nebraska
ok = Oklahoma
wy = Wyoming
The following 3 codes apply to Colorado:
b = seen
both east and west of the Rocky Mountain passes
e = seen
in east only
w = seen
in west only
h =
heard
only
(e): endemic to the USA
(qe): quasi (or nearly) endemic to the USA
(neb): near-endemic breeder in the USA
(i): species introduced into North America
(t): a globally threatened or rare species, designated by Birdlife International
(t1): critical (t2): endangered (t3): vulnerable
(nt): a near-threatened species globally
Photo
Gallery with Colorado Birds (PG)
List of mammals follows the birds.
Birds:
- Common Loon ______
Gavia immer
- Pied-billed Grebe ______ cob,wy
Podilymbus p. podiceps
- Eared Grebe ______ cob,wy
(In Europe called Black-necked Grebe)
Podiceps nigricollis californicus
- Western Grebe ______ cob,kn,wy
Aechmophorus occidentalis
- Clark's Grebe ______ coe
Aechmophorus clarkii
- American White Pelican ______
cob,wy
Pelecanus erythrorhynchos
- Double-crested Cormorant
______ cob,kn,wy
Phalacrocorax auritus
- Great Blue Heron ______
cob,kn,wy
Ardea herodias
- Snowy Egret ______ coe
Egretta thula
- Cattle Egret ______ kn
Bubulcus ibis
- Green Heron ______ kn
Butorides virescens
- Black-crowned Night-Heron
______ coe,kn
Nycticorax nycticorax
- White-faced Ibis ______ cob,kn,wy
Plegadis chihi
- Mute Swan (i) ______
Cygnus olor
- Greater White-fronted Goose
______ coe
Anser albifrons frontalis
- Snow Goose ______ coe,kn
Chen
(formerly Anser)
c. caerulescens
(known as "Lesser Snow
Goose")
- Ross' Goose ______
Chen (formerly Anser)
rossi
- Canada Goose ______ cob,kn,wy
(introduced subspecies of eastern NA)
Branta canadensis
- Wood Duck ______
coe,kn
Aix sponsa
- Mallard ______ cob,kn,wy
Anas p. platyrhynchos
- Northern Pintail ______ cow,kn,wy
Anas acuta
- Blue-winged Teal ______ cob,kn,wy
Anas discors
- Cinnamon Teal ______ cob,wy
Anas cyanoptera septentrionalium
- American Green-winged Teal
______ cob,kn,wy
(now considered a species distinct from the Eurasian Green-winged
Teal, Anas crecca)
Anas carolinensis
- Northern Shoveler ______ cob,kn,wy
Anas clypeata
- Gadwall ______ cob,kn,wy
Anas s. strepera
- American Wigeon ______ cob,wy
Anas americana
- Canvasback ______ cob,wy
Aythya valisineria
- Redhead ______ cob,wy
Aythya americana
- Ring-necked Duck ______ cow,wy
Aythya collaris
- Lesser Scaup ______ cob,kn,wy
Aythya affinis
- Common Goldeneye ______ cob
Bucephala clangula americana
- Barrow's Goldeneye ______ cow
Bucephala islandica
- Bufflehead ______ cob,kn,wy
Bucephala albeola
- Common Merganser ______ cob,wy
Mergus merganser americanus
- Red-breasted Merganser ______ coe
Mergus serrator
- Ruddy Duck ______ cob,kn
Oxyura j. rubida
- Turkey Vulture ______ cob,kn,nb
Cathartes aura meridionalis
- Osprey ______
cob
Pandion haliaetus carolinensis
- Bald (Fish-) Eagle ______ cow,wy
PG
Haliaeetus leucocephalus (washingtoniensis)
- Northern (or North American) Harrier ______ cob,kn,wy
(formerly conspecific with Hen Harrier of Eurasia,
Circus cyaneus)
Circus hudsonius
- Sharp-shinned Hawk ______ cob,kn
Accipiter striatus velox
- Cooper's Hawk ______ cob,nb
Accipiter cooperi
- Northern Goshawk ______ cow
Accipiter gentilis atricapillus
- Broad-winged Hawk ______ (rare in
CO) coe
Buteo platypterus platypterus
- Swainson's Hawk ______ cob,kn,nb,wy
Buteo swainsoni
- Red-tailed Hawk ______ cob,kn,nb,wy
Buteo jamaicensis calurus
- "Harlan's Hawk"
______ cow
(a
subspecies of the Red-tailed Hawk)
Buteo jamaicensis harlani
- Ferruginous Hawk (nt) ______ coe,kn
Buteo regalis
- Rough-legged Hawk ______ cob
Buteo lagopus sanctijohannis
- Golden Eagle ______ cob,wy
Aquila chrysaetos canadensis
- American Kestrel ______ cob,kn,nb,wy
Falco sparverius sparverius
- Merlin ______ coe
Falco columbarius richardsoni
- Prairie Falcon ______ cob,kn
Falco mexicanus
- Peregrine Falcon ______ cow
Falco peregrinus
- Chukar (i) ______ cow
Alectoris chukar
- Common/Ring-necked Pheasant (i)
______ coe,kn
Phasianus colchicus
- Blue Grouse
______ cow PG
Dendragapus obscurus richardsonii (this subspecies also called
"Dusky
Grouse")
- White-tailed Ptarmigan ______
cow PG
Lagopus leucurus
- Greater Sage-Grouse (qe) ______
cow
Centrocercus urophasianus
- Gunnison Sage-Grouse (t2) (e)
______ cow
(nearly endemic to Colorado, with a very few in adjacent Utah)
Centrocercus minimus
- Greater Prairie-Chicken (e) ______ coe
PG
Tympanuchus cupido
- Lesser Prairie-Chicken (t3)
(e) ______ kn
Tympanuchus pallidcinctus
- Sharp-tailed Grouse ______ cow
Tympanuchus phasianellus
- Wild Turkey ______ coe,kn,
nb (introduced population)
Meleagris gallopavo
- Northern Bobwhite ______ coe,kn
Colinus virginianus
- Scaled Quail ______ coe
Callipepla squamata
- American Coot ______ cob,kn,wy
Fulica americana
- Sandhill Crane ______ cow
Grus canadensis tabida
- Semipalmated Plover ______
Charadrius semipalmatus
- Snowy Plover ______ coe
(considered conspecific with Kentish Plover of the Old
World)
Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus
- Killdeer ______ cob,kn,ok,wy
Charadrius vociferus
- Mountain Plover (t3) (neb) ______ coe,kn
PG
Charadrius montanus
- Black-necked Stilt ______ cob
Himantopus mexicanus
- American Avocet ______ cob,kn
Recurvirostra americana
- Greater Yellowlegs ______ cob,kn
Tringa melanoleuca
- Lesser Yellowlegs ______ cob,kn
Tringa flavipes
- Solitary Sandpiper ______ cow,kn
Tringa solitaria
- Spotted Sandpiper ______ coe,kn
Actitis macularia
- Willet ______ cob
Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus
- Long-billed Curlew (nt) ______ cob,kn
Numenius americanus
- Marbled Godwit ______ cob
Limosa fedoa
- Semipalmated Sandpiper ______
Calidris pusilla
- Western Sandpiper ______ coe
Calidris mauri
- Least Sandpiper ______
coe
Calidris minutilla
- Baird's Sandpiper ______ coe,kn
Calidris bairdii
- Pectoral Sandpiper ______
Calidris melanotos
- Long-billed Dowitcher ______
cob
Limnodromus scolopaceus
- Wilson's Snipe ______ cob,kn
(has been considered part of the Common Snipe of
the Palearctic, Gallinago gallinago)
Gallinago delicata
- Wilson's Phalarope ______
cob,kn
Phalaropus tricolor
- Franklin's Gull ______
cob,kn,wy
Larus pipixcan
- Bonaparte's Gull ______ cob,kn
Larus philadelphia
- Ring-billed Gull ______
cob
Larus delawarensis
- California Gull ______ cow,wy
Larus californicus
- American Herring Gull ______ coe
Larus (argentatus) smithsonianus
- Forster's Tern ______ coe
Sterna forsteri
- Feral Pigeon (i) ______ cob,kn,wy
Columba livia
- Mourning Dove ______ cob,kn,nb,ok,wy
Zenaida macroura
- Eurasian Collared-Dove (i)
______ coe,kn,nb
Streptopelia decaocto
- Great Horned Owl ______ coe,kn
Bubo v. virginianus
- Burrowing Owl ______ coe,kn,nb
Athene cunicularia hypugaea
- Common Nighthawk ______
Chordeiles minor
- White-throated Swift ______ cow
Aeronautes saxatalis
- Black-chinned Hummingbird
______ coe
Archilochus alexandri
- Broad-tailed Hummingbird
______ coe
Selasphorus platycercus
- Belted Kingfisher ______ cob,kn,nb,wy
Ceryle alcyon
- Lewis' Woodpecker ______ coe
Melanerpes lewis
- Red-bellied Woodpecker ______ coe
Melanerpes carolinus
- Red-naped Sapsucker ______ cow
Sphyrapicus nuchalis
- Williamson's Sapsucker ______
cow
Sphyrapicus thyroideus nataliae
- Ladder-backed Woodpecker
______ coe
Picoides scalaris cactophilus
- Downy Woodpecker ______
cob,kn
Picoides pubescens leucurus
- Hairy Woodpecker ______ cow
Picoides villosus septentrionalis
- Northern Flicker ______ (both
"Yellow-shafted" & "Red-shafted") cob
Colaptes auratus auratus ("Yellow-shafted")
coe,kn
Colaptes auratus cafer ("Red-shafted") cow,wy
- Dusky Flycatcher ______ kn
Empidonax oberholseri
- Gray Flycatcher ______ cow
Empidonax wrightii
- Eastern Phoebe ______
coe,kn
Sayornis phoebe
- Say's Phoebe ______ cob,kn
Sayornis saya
- Vermilion Flycatcher ______ (rare in CO)
coe
Pyrocephalus rubinus
- Ash-throated Flycatcher
______ cob
Myarchus cinerascens
- Cassin's Kingbird ______ cob
Tyrannus vociferans
- Western Kingbird ______ cob,kn
Tyrannus verticalis
- Loggerhead Shrike ______ cob,kn,ok
Lanius ludovicianus
- Gray Jay ______ cow
Perisoreus canadensis capitalis
- Steller's Jay ______ cob
Cyanocitta stelleri macrolopha
- Blue Jay ______ coe,nb
Cyanocitta cristata cyanotephra
- Western Scrub-Jay ______ cob
Aphelocoma californica woodhouseii
- Pinyon Jay ______
cow
Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus
- Clark's Nutcracker ______ cow
Nucifraga columbiana
- Black-billed/American Magpie
______ cob,kn,wy
(formerly conspecific with Common Magpie of Eurasia, Pica
pica)
Pica hudsonia
- American Crow ______ cob,kn,nb,wy
Corvus brachyrhynchos hesperis
- Chihuahuan Raven ______ coe,kn
Corvus cryptoleucus
- Common Raven ______ cob,wy
Corvus corax principalis
- Horned Lark ______ cob,kn,nb,ok,wy
Eremophila alpestris
- Tree Swallow ______ cob,kn
Tachycineta bicolor
- Violet-green Swallow ______ cow
Tachycineta thalassina lepida
- Northern Rough-winged Swallow
______ cob,kn
Stelgidopteryx serripennis
- Bank Swallow ______ cow (in
Old World called Sand Martin)
Riparia r. riparia
- Cliff Swallow ______ coe,kn
Petrochelidon p. pyrrhonota
- Barn Swallow ______ cob,kn,nb,ok
Hirundo rustica erythrogaster
- Juniper Titmouse ______
cow
Parus r. ridgwayi
- Black-capped Chickadee ______
cob,kn,wy
Poecile atricapilla septentrionalis
- Mountain Chickadee ______ cob,wy
Poecile g. gambeli
- (Common) Bushtit ______ cow
Psaltriparus minimus plumbeus (the "Lead-colored Bushtit")
- Red-breasted Nuthatch ______
cob,wy
Sitta canadensis
- White-breasted Nuthatch
______ cob,kn,wy
Sitta carolinensis nelsoni
- Pygmy Nuthatch ______ cob
Sitta pygmaea melanotis
- Brown Creeper ______ cow
Certhia americana montana
- Rock Wren ______
cob
Salpinctes obsoletus
- Canyon Wren ______ cob
Catherpes mexicanus
- Bewick's Wren ______ coe,kn
Thryomanes bewickii cryptus
- House Wren ______ cow
Troglodytes aedon parkmani
- Winter Wren ______ cow
Troglodytes troglodytes pacificus
- Marsh Wren ______ cow
Cistothorus palustris laingi
- American Dipper ______ cob
Cinclus mexicanus unicolor
- Ruby-crowned Kinglet ______
cob
Regulus calendula
- Golden-crowned Kinglet ______
cow
Regulus satrapa
- Blue-gray Gnatcatcher ______ cob
Polioptila caerulea
- Eastern Bluebird ______ coe,kn
Sialia s. sialis
- Western Bluebird ______ cob
Sialia mexicana occidentalis
- Mountain Bluebird ______ cob,wy
Sialia currucoides
- Townsend's Solitaire ______ cob
Myadestes townsendi
- Hermit Thrush ______
cow
Catharus guttatus auduboni
- American Robin ______ cob,kn,nb,wy
Turdus migratorius
- Gray Catbird ______ cow
Dumetella carolinensis
- Northern Mockingbird ______ coe,kn
Mimus p. polyglottos
- Brown Thrasher ______ coe
Toxostoma rufum longicauda
- Sage Thrasher ______ cow,wy
Oreoscoptes montanus
- European Starling (i) ______ cob,kn,nb,ok,wy
Sturnus vulgaris
- American Pipit ______ cob,wy
(an alternate name is Buff-bellied Pipit)
Anthus rubescens
- Cedar Waxwing ______ cow
Bombycilla cedrorum
- Worm-eating Warbler ______ coe
(rare in Colorado)
Helmitheros vermivorum
- Northern Parula ______ coe
(rare in Colorado)
Parula americana
- Orange-crowned Warbler ______
cow,kn
Vermivora celata orestera
- Virginia's Warbler ______ cow
Vermivora virginiae
- Yellow-rumped (Myrtle)
Warbler ______ coe,kn
Dendroica coronata
- Yellow-rumped (Audubon's) Warbler
______ cob,kn
Dendroica coronata
- Black-throated Gray Warbler
______ cow
Dendroica nigrescens
- Wilson's Warbler ______ coe,kn
Wilsonia canadensis
- Northern Cardinal ______ coe
Cardinalis cardinalis canicaudus
- Green-tailed Towhee ______ cow
Pipilo chlorurus
- Spotted Towhee ______ cob
Pipilo maculatus montanus
- Canyon Towhee ______ coe
Pipilo fuscus
- Cassin's Sparrow ______ coe
Aimophila cassinii
- American Tree Sparrow ______ coe
Spizella arborea
- Chipping Sparrow ______ cob,kn,nb
Spizella passerina
- Clay-colored Sparrow ______ coe
Spizella pallida
- Brewer's Sparrow ______ cob
Spizella breweri breweri (subspecies valid as long as
"Timberline
Sparrow" of Canada considered conspecific)
- Vesper Sparrow ______ cob,kn,nb,ok,wy
Pooecetes gramineus confinis
- Lark Sparrow ______
cob,kn
Chondestes grammacus
- Sage Sparrow ______ cow
Amphispiza belli nevadensis
- Lark Bunting ______ coe,kn
Calamospiza melanocorys
- Savannah Sparrow ______ cob,wy
Passerculus sandwichensis
- Grasshopper Sparrow ______ coe,kn
Ammodramus savannarum
- "Slate-colored" Fox Sparrow
______ cow
Passerella iliaca schistacea
- Song Sparrow ______ cob,kn
Melospiza melodia
- Lincoln's Sparrow ______ coe
Melospiza melodia
- White-throated Sparrow ______ (rare
in CO) coe
Zonotrichia albicollis
- White-crowned Sparrow ______ cob,kn
Zonotrichia leucophrys
- Harris's Sparrow ______ coe
Zonotrichia querula
- Dark-eyed ("White-winged") Junco
______ cow
Junco hyemalis aikeni
- Dark-eyed ("Oregon") Junco
______ cob
Junco hyemalis
- Dark-eyed ("Pink-sided")
Junco ______ cow,wy
Junco hyemalis aikeni
- Dark-eyed ("Gray-headed") Junco
______ cob,wy
Junco hyemalis caniceps
- Dark-eyed ("Slate-colored") Junco
______ cob,wy
Junco hyemalis
- McCown's Longspur ______ coe,wy
Calcarius mccownii
- Chestnut-collared Longspur
______ coe
Calcarius ornatus
- Western Meadowlark ______ cob,kn,nb,ok,wy
Sturnella neglecta
- Red-winged Blackbird ______ cob,kn,nb,ok,wy
Agelaius phoeniceus
- Yellow-headed Blackbird
______ cob,kn,wy
Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus
- Brewer's Blackbird ______ cob,kn,nb,wy
Euphagus cyanocephalus
- Great-tailed Grackle ______ coe,kn,ok
Quiscalus mexicanus
- Common Grackle ______ cob,kn,nb,ok,wy
Quiscalus quiscula
- Brown-headed Cowbird ______ cob,kn
Molothrus ater
- Orchard Oriole ______ coe
Icterus spurius
- Gray-crowned (including
"Hepburn's") Rosy Finch ______ cob
Leucosticte tephrocotis
Leucosticte t. littoralis ("Hepburn's Rosy
Finch")
- Black Rosy Finch (e) ______ cob
Leucosticte atrata
- Brown-capped Rosy Finch (e) ______ cob
(this species nearly endemic to Colorado, particularly as a breeder)
Leucosticte australis
- Pine Grosbeak ______
cob,wy
Pinicola enucleator
- Cassin's Finch ______
cob,wy
Carpodacus cassinii
- House Finch ______ cob,kn,nb
Carpodacus mexicanus
- Red Crossbill ______
cob,wy
Loxia curvirostra
- Pine Siskin ______ cob,kn,wy
Carduelis pinus
- American Goldfinch ______ cob,kn,nb
Carduelis tristis
- Evening Grosbeak ______ cob,wy
Coccothraustes vespertinus
- House Sparrow (i) ______ cob,kn,nb,ok,wy
Passer domesticus
Notes:
The Gunnison
Sage-Grouse is a newly-described species
of the USA heartland. It is very localized with a range restricted to southwest
Colorado and southeast Utah. It's thought to have formerly been more widespread
(possibly in New Mexico, eastern Arizona, southwest Kansas, and Oklahoma).
Now the bird occurs in 6 or 7 counties of southwest Colorado and a single county
in adjacent southeast Utah. The entire population is estimated at being less
than 5,000 birds, with most (2,500-3,000) in the Gunnison Basin (of Colorado).
Elsewhere populations number less than 300, with fewer than 150 in Utah.
It has disappeared from several population pockets since 1980, with an overall
decline of over 60% in males attending breeding leks in the Gunnison Basin in
the last 50 years.
Formerly considered a subspecies of the more-northerly Sage Grouse (now Greater
Sage-Grouse), Gunnison Sage-Grouse of both sexes have plumages
similar to that species, but are about 30% smaller.
There are 3 species in the
"Prairie Chicken Group": the Greater
Prairie Chicken, the Lesser Prairie Chicken,
and the Sharp-tailed Grouse.

There have historically
been 3 subspecies of Greater Prairie Chickens.
In the eastern United States, the subspecies T.c. cupido, called the "Heath
Hen", occurred formerly in bushy habitat from Boston south to Washington.
It was extirpated on the mainland about 1835. It continued to survive beyond
that on the Massachusetts offshore island of Martha's Vineyard until it was last
reported there in 1932. At that time, the eastern race of the Greater Prairie
Chicken became extinct.
Another race of the species, in coastal Texas, is now very rare. T.c. attwateri,
the "Attwater's Prairie Chicken" has declined in 30 years from 8,700
individuals in 1937 to 1,070 in 1967. After another 30 years, in 1998, only 56
individuals remained in 3 isolated populations. Even with released
captive-reared birds, that subspecies is severely threatened.
The most wide-ranging of the Greater Prairie Chicken subspecies (and the one
occurring in eastern Colorado), T.c. pinnatus, has declined over much of its
range. The population in the late 1970's was estimated as 500,000. Due to its
being in small isolated populations, the species overall is at considerable
risk.

Greater Prairie
Chickens at their lek at dawn.
The Lesser Prairie Chicken has declined
substantially since the European settlement of the Great Plains. That decline is
thought to be over 90% since the 19th Century, and nearly 80% since the early
1960's.
In 1980, Lesser Prairie Chickens occupied only 8% of their original range (which
was historically throughout the southwest Great Plains, in southeast Colorado,
southwest Kansas, western Oklahoma, northern Texas, and eastern New Mexico).
Now, it is only in small, scattered populations.
The population estimate was about 50,000 birds in about 1980 (from 42,000 to
55,000 in 1979). 20 years later, in 1999, the population was estimated as 10,000
to 25,000, mostly in northwest Texas and Kansas.
There are 5 subspecies of Sharp-tailed
Grouse. It now occurs in less than half of its original range in 9
U.S. states. It is now extinct in 8 U.S. states where it formerly occurred. In
the northern part of its range (in Canada), it is fairly common.
A good source for information (such as that above) about
the grouse is the book: "Pheasants, Partridges, and Grouse" by Steve
Madge and Phil McGowan,
published in 2002 by Princeton Univ Press.

Mammals found
during FONT Tours
in Colorado
(and nearby Kansas, Wyoming,
Nebraska, & Oklahoma)
1993 thru 2004
(during the month of April)
List compiled by Armas Hill
- Red Fox ______ co
Vulpes fulva (the North
American animal has been considered by some as conspecific with the Old
World Red Fox, Vulpes vulpes)
- Gray Fox ______ co
Urocyon cinereoargenteus
- Coyote ______ co,kn
Canis latrans
- American Badger ______ co
Taxidea taxus
- Yellow-bellied Marmot ______ co
Marmota flaviventris
- Northern Raccoon ______ co
Procyon lotor
- Blacktail Prairie Dog ______ co,kn,nb
Cynomys ludovicianus
- Whitetail Prairie Dog ______ co
Cynomys leucurus
- Thirteen-lined Ground-Squirrel
______ co,wy
Spermophilus tridecemlineatus
- Wyoming Ground Squirrel (formerly
conspecific with Richardson's Ground Squirrel, Spermophilus
richardsonii) ______ co,wy
Spermophilus elegans
- Rock Squirrel ______ co
Spermophilus variegatus
- Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel
______ co
Spermophilus lateralis
- Red Squirrel ______ co
(also called Chickaree)
Tamiasciurus hudsonicus
- Least Chipmunk ______ co
Tamias minimus
- Eastern Fox Squirrel (northern
form) ______ co,nb
Sciurus niger
- Olive-backed Pocket Mouse ______ co
Perognathus fasciatus
- Plains Pocket Mouse ______ kn
Perognathus flavescens
- Plains Harvest Mouse ______ coe
Reithrodontomys montanus
- North American Porcupine ______ co
Erethizon dorsatum
- American Beaver ______ co,wy
Castor canadensis
- Muskrat ______ co,wy
Ondatra zibethica
- Snowshoe/Varying Hare ______ co,wy
Lepus americanus
- Blacktail Jackrabbit ______ kn
Lepus californicus
- Whitetail Jackrabbit ______ co,kn
Lepus townsendii
- Desert Cottontail ______ co
Sylvilagus audubonii
- Mountain Cottontail ______ co,wy
Sylvilagus nuttallii
- Eastern Cottontail ______ co,kn
Sylvilagus floridanus
- Elk (or Wapiti) ______ co,wy
Cervus elaphus canadensis (another,
slightly smaller, subspecies in Europe is called there the Red Deer)
- Moose ______ co
(in Europe called Elk)
Alces alces
- Pronghorn ______ co,kn,wy
Antilocapra americana
- Mule/Blacktail Deer ______ co,kn,wy
Odocoileus hemionus
- Whitetail Deer ______ kn
Odocoileus virginianus
- Bighorn Sheep ______ co
Ovis c. canadensis (the
subspecies of the central and northern Rockies)
- (Plains) Bison (or Buffalo) ______ co
(today domesticated, the last wild Bison in Colorado was killed in
1889, in eastern CO)
Bison b. bison
Notes:
Coyotes
have expanded east across North America in the mid-1900's of wolves. Generally
those in eastern North America tend to be larger than those in the American
West. Those in the northern part of their range have longer and coarser fur.
Coyotes travel in packs.
The Bison (or Buffalo)
is North America's largest present-day land mammal. It was, with the European
settlement of America, nearly hunted to extinction. There were probably fewer
than 1,000 animals remaining at the end of the 19th Century. The species
"recovered" to about 150,000 animals by 1995, with 90% privately
owned. They typically graze now in herds of 4 to 20.
Reference for this mammal list is the new book:
"Mammals of North America" by Roland W. Kays & Don E. Wilson,
published by Princeton Univ Press, 2002.