Part 5 of a List
with some Photos
of

Central America
Butterflies
and Moths

Skippers

Noting those during 
Focus On Nature Tours

in Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama

with tours in the months of: January, February, March, April, July, December


Fifth Part of a List of Central America Butterflies in 5 Parts, 
compiled by Armas Hill

Here, in Part #5: Hesperiidae, the Skippers

Among the Butterfly groupings that follow, links to:

Subfamilies PYRGINAE and EUDAMINAE:  Open-winged Skippers

Subfamily PYRGINAE, Tribe PYRRHOPYGINI   with the genera: Amysoria, Azonax, Chalypyge, Creonpyge, Elbella, Jemadia, Jonaspyge, Melanopyge, Mysardia, Myscelus, Mysoria, Oxynetra, Parelbella, Passova, Pyrrhopyge, Yanguna, Zonia

Firetips and allies

Subfamily EUDAMINAE   with the genera: Achalarus, Aguna, Astraptes, Augiades, Bungalotis, Cabares, Calliades, Cephise, Chioides, Chrysoplectrum, Codtractus, Cogia, Drephalys, Dyscophellus, Entheus, Epargyeus, Euriphellus, Hyalothyrus, Narcosius, Nascus, Nicephellus, Ocyba, Phanus, Phareas, Phocides, Porphyrogenes, Polygonus, Polythrix, Proteides, Pseudonascus, Ridens, Salatis, Spathilepia, Tarsoctenus, Telemiades, Thessia, Typhedanus, Udranomia, Urbanus, Venada, Zestusa 

Spreadwing Skippers      Long-tailed Skippers     Flashers    Banded Skippers

Cloudywings (or Hoary Edges)     Pyramid Skippers     Leaf-huggers 

Subfamily PYRGINAE, Tribe CELAENORRHININI   including the genus: Celaenorrhibus   Flats

Subfamily PYRGINAE, Tribe CARCHARODINI  including the genera: Arteurotia, Bolla, Cyclosemia, Gorgopas, Mictris, Mimia, Morvina, Myrinia, Nisoniades, Noctuana, Pachyneuria, Pellicia, Polyctor, Staphylus, Windia

Tufted-Skippers    Eyed-Skippers    Sootywings  

Subfamily PYRGINAE, Tribe ERYMMINI   including the genera: Anastrus, Camptopleura, Chiomara, Ebrietas, Erynnis, Gesta, Gorythion, Grais, Helias, Mylon, Potamanaxas, Sostrata, Theagenes, Timochares, Tosta

Mylons    Bluevents   Bentwings (or Bent-Skippers)    Duskywings    

Subfamily PYRGINAE, Tribe ACHLYODIDINI    including the genera: Achlyodes, Aethilla, Atarnes, Doberes, Eantis, Gindanes, Haemaetis, Milanion, Ouleus, Paramimus, Pythonides, Quadrus, Zera  

Blue-Skippers (Quadrus, Pythnides)    Sicklewings    Ground Skippers  

Subfamily PYRGINAE, Tribe PYRGINI   with the genera: Anisochora, Antigonus, Carrhenes, Clito, Diaeus, Eracon, Heliopetes, Heliopyrgus, Onenses, Paches, Pyrgus, Spioniades, Systasea, Timochreon, Xenophanes, Zopyrion 

Blue-Skippers (Paches)    Hoary-Skippers    Checkered Skippers    Large White Skippers   

Glassy-winged Skipper    Powdered Skippers    Spurwings

Subfamily HETEROPTERINAE:  Skipperlings   with the genera: Dalla, Dardarina, Piruna

Subfamily HESPERIINAE:  Branded (or Grass) Skippers

Subfamily HESPERIINAE, Tribe ANTHOPTINI   with the genera: Falga, Synapte

Faceted-Skippers

Subfamily HESPERIINAE, Tribe MONCINI   with the genera: Alera, Adlerodea, Apaustus, Arita, Artinea, Callimormus, Canthus, Cobalopsis, Cymaenes, Dion, Enosis, Eprius, Eutocus, Eutychide, Flaccilla, Halotus, Inglorius, Joanna, Justinia, Lento, Lerema, Lerodea, Lucida, Ludens, Lycas, Methion, Methionopsis, Mnasicles, Mnasilus, Msasitheus, Mnestheus, Moeris, Morys, Naevolus, Nastra, Niconiades, Onophas, Orses, Papias, Perichare, Phanes, Pheraeus, Phiebodes, Pyrrhopygopsis, Remella, Repends, Rhinthon. Saturnus, Sodalia, Styriodes, Thargella, Thoon, Tigasis, Vehilius, Vertica, Vettius, Vidius, Vinius, Vinpelus, Virga, Zariaspes 

Underskippers    Brown Skippers    Peacock-Skippers

Subfamily HESPERIINAE, Tribe CALPODINI   with the genera: Aides, Aroma, Calpodes. Neoxeniades. Panoquina, Saliana, Thracides, Zenis

Brazilian Skipper    Panoquins    Salianas    Silverpatches 

Subfamily HESPERIINAE, Tribe THYMELICINI   with the genera: Ancyloxypha, Copaeodes 

Subfamily HESPERIINAE, Tribe MEGATHYMINI:  Giant-Skippers   with the genus: Agathymus

Subfamily HESPERIINAE, HESPERIINI   with the genera: Atalepedes (Sachem), Anatrytone, Atrytonopsis, Buzyges, Conga, Cynea, Decinea, Euphyes, Hylephila (Fiery Skipper), Librita, Lindra, Metron, Molo, Neochiodes, Neposa, Nyctelius, Onespa, Orthos, Oxynthes, Paratryone, Phemiades, Poanes, Polites (inc, Whirlabout), Pompeius, Quasimella, Quinta, Racta, Socova, Thespieus, Tirinthia, Vacerra, Wallengrenia, Xeniades   

Cyneas    Glassywings    Mellanas    Sedge-Skippers    Metrons

Links to other Central America Lepidoptera groupings:

Part #1 - Swallowtails (Papilionidae)     

Part #2 - Whites, Yellows, Sulphurs, Marbles (Pieridae)

Part #3 - Hairstreaks, Blues (Lycaenidae) & Metalmarks (Riodinidae)

Part #4 - Brushfoots (Nymphalidae)     Moths

Upper right photo: a male ORCUS CHECKERED SKIPPER
photographed during the July 2013 FONT Tour in Panama.
(photo by Rise Hill)
Photos of both the male and the female are in the list below.   


Codes relating to illustrations in various books:

Numbers noted as (AZ:xx) refer to pages in "Butterflies of Arizona - A Photographic Guide", by Bob Stewart, and Priscilla & Hank Brodkin. 

Numbers noted as (BMCR:xx) refer to plates in "Butterflies and Moths of Costa Rica" by Isidro Chacon & Jose Montero.

Numbers noted as (C:xx) refer to pages in "A World of Butterflies", with text by Brian Cassie, and photographs (superb) by Kjell Sandved.

Numbers noted as (K:xx) refer to pages in the "Kaufman Focus Guide to Butterflies of North America", by Jim Brock & Kenn Kaufman.

Numbers noted a (MCA:xx) refer to pages in "A Swift Guide to the Butterflies of Mexico & Central America", by Jeffrey Glassberg.

Numbers noted as (PE:xx) refer to plates in the "Peterson Field Guides to Eastern Butterflies", by Paul Opler & Vichai Malikul, 1998 edition. Those noted as (PEp:xx) refer to a page with a photograph.

Numbers noted as (PW:xx) refer to plates in the "Peterson Field Guide to Western Butterflies", by Paul Opler & illustrated by Amy Bartlett Wright, 1999 edition. Those noted as (PWp:xx) refer to a page with a photograph. 

Numbers noted as (S:xx) refer to pages in the "Smithsonian Handbook, Butterflies & Moths", by David Carter.

Numbers noted as (100BM:xx) refer to numbered plates in the book "100 Butterflies and Moths, Portraits from the Tropical Forest of Costa Rica", by Jeffrey Miller, Daniel Janzen, Winifred Hallwachs, 2007
Numbers noted as (100C:xx) refer to numbered plates in the book "100 Caterpillars, Portraits from the Tropical Forest of Costa Rica", by Jeffrey Miller, Daniel Janzen, Winifred Hallwachs, 2007
For both of these books, codes followed by -c: indicates that there is in the book a photograph of the caterpillar.
Actually for all of the species in both books, there are photographs of caterpillars and the adult butterflies and moths.
To view the caterpillar and adult butterfly and moth photos online go to:
http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu/caterpillars/database.lasso

Additional Codes:

BZ:   in Belize
CR:  in Costa Rica
GU:  in Guatemala
HN:  in Honduras
PN:  in Panama

(sl): at Sierra Llorona, in hills on the Caribbean side of Panama 

Butterflies observed during FONT tours noted by an (*) after the 2-letter country code.

(ph):  species with a photo in the FONT website



Other Links:

Itineraries for upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours in:
Belize, Costa Rica,  Guatemala, Honduras,  & Panama

Birds during previous tours in:   Belize    Costa Rica   Guatemala   Honduras   Panama

A List & Photo Gallery of Birds in Central America, in 4 Parts

A List of Mammals in Central America  (with some photos)

Other Lists & Photo Galleries of Butterflies & Moths Elsewhere  

Alphabetical Directory of Butterflies by Genus with Photos in the FONT Website

Directory of Photos in this Website

List of Central American Butterflies. Part #5:

1. Pyrrhopyge phidias  (ph)  ______
   Pyrrhopyge phidias evansi  ______  (subspecies from Costa Rica to Ecuador, described in 1947)
   ORIGINAL FIRETIP
   
   
   
   Original Firetip
   (photo by Sherry Nelson)
   
   
2. Pyrrhopyge zenodorus  ______  (MCA:146) (100C:86-c)  (was part of Pyrrhopyge phidias)
   RED-HEADED FIRETIP
   (Range: southeast Mexico to Costa Rica)
   
   The caterpillar of Pyrrhopyge zenodorus spends its day in its nest on the large leaves of its only food plant, Visinia baccifera (in the family Clusiaceae), an early-secondary shrubby treelet in the rain forest.
   While this caterpillar can readily be found, that is not so for the adult butterfly. They probably visit flowers to obtain nectar high in the canopy, or perhaps at dawn and dusk rather than in full daylight.  
   (Source: "100 Caterpillars, Portraits from the Tropical Forests of Costa Rica" by Miller, Janzen, and Hallwachs)       
   
   
3. Pyrrhopyge pseudophidias  ______
   IMPOSTOR FIRETIP
   (Range: Panama to Peru & northern Brazil)  
   
   
4. Pyrrhopyge haemon  ______
   TAWNY-RIMMED SKIPPER
   (Range: Costa Rica)
   
   
5. Pyrrhopyge crida  ______  (MCA:146)
   WHITE-BANDED FIRETIP
   (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)
   
   
   Genus CHALYPYGE
   
   
6. Chalypyge chalybea  ______
   Chalypyge chalybea chloris  ______  (MCA:146)  (subspecies from western & southern Mexico to Honduras)
   ORANGE-RIMMED SKIPPER  (or Orange-rimmed Firetip) 
   
   
   Genus CREONPYGE
   
   
7. Creonpyge creon  ______
   Creonpyge creon creon  ______  (subspecies from northern Costa Rica to Cocle province in Panama)
   Creonpyge creon liliana  ______  (subspecies at Cerro Campana, far east Cocle province, Panama, described in 1969)
   Creonpyge creon taylori  ______  (subspecies in Puntaarenas, Costa Rica, described in 1981) 
   CREON SKIPPER 
   
   
   Genus MELANOPYGE
   
   
8. Melanopyge erythrosticta  ______  (MCA:148)
   SPOTTED SKIPPER  (or Red-spotted Firetip)
   (Range: Mexico to Panama)
   
   
9. Melanopyge (undescribed)  ______  (MCA:148)
   DOTTED SKIPPER  (or Dotted Firetip)
   (Range: Mexico to Costa Rica)
   
   
10. Melanopyge hoffmanni  ______  (MCA:148)  (species described in 1977) 
    HOFFMANN'S SKIPPER  (or Freeman's Firetip)  
    (Range: southeast Mexico & Belize)
    
    
11. Melanopyge maculosa  ______ 
    MACULOSA SKIPPER
    (Range: Panama to Ecuador)
    
    
    Genus JONASPYGE
    
    
12. Jonaspyge jonas  ______  (MCA:146)
    SCALLOP-EDGED FIRETIP  (or Wavy-edged Firetip)
    (Range: Mexico to Nicaragua) 
    
    
13. Jonaspyge asculapus  ______
    FIRE-EDGED SKIPPER
    (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)
    
    
    Genus ELBELLA
    
    
14. Elbella intersecta  ______
    Elbella intesecta strova  ______  (subspecies from Panama to Venezuela, described in 1951)
    VARIABLE FIRETIP
    
    
15. Elbella patroculus  ______
    Elbella patroculus patroculus  ______  (subspecies from Panama to Bolivia)
    PATROCULUS SKIPPER
    
    
16. Elbella scylla  ______  (MCA:146)
    SCYLLA FIRETIP  (or Red-collared Firetip)
    (Range: Mexico to Costa Rica)
    
    
17. Elbella dulcinea  ______
    DULCINEA FIRETIP
    (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador & Venezuela)
    
    
18. Elbella patrobas  ______ 
    Elbella patrobas mexicana  ______  (MCA:147)  (subspecies in southern Mexico & Belize, described in 1995)
    Elbella patrobas patrobas  ______  (subspecies from Guatemala to Colombia)
    PATROBAS SKIPPER  (or Blue-lined Firetip)
    
    
19. Elbella miodesmiata  ______
    ROBER'S SKIPPER
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia)
    
    
    Genus PARELBELLA
    
    
20. Parelbella macleannani  ______  
    MACLEANNAN'S SKIPPER
    (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)  
    
    
    Genus AMYSORIA
    
    
21. Amysoria galgala  ______  (MCA:146)
    RED-BANDED FIRETIP  (or Orange-striped Firetip)
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)
    
    
    Genus MYSORIA
    
    
22. Mysoria affinis (or wilsoni)   ______  (MCA:147)
    RED-COLLARED FIRETIP  (or West Mexican Firetip)
    (Range: western Mexico & Guatemala) 
    
    
23. Mysoria amra  ______  (MCA:147)
    BLUE-COLLARED FIRETIP
    (Range: western Mexico & Guatemala)
    
    
24. Mysoria barcastus  ______
    Mysoria barcastus ambigua  ______  (BMCR:89) (MCA:147) (subspecies from Mexico to Costa Rica)
    Mysoria barcastus venezuelae  ______  (subspecies from Panama to the Guianas, and Trinidad & Tobago)
    ROYAL FIRETIP
    
    
    Genus JEMADIA
    
    
25. Jemadia pseudognetus  ______  (BMCR:89) (MCA:147,149) (100C:85-c)
    DOT-COLLARED FIRETIP
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela and the upper Amazon)
    
    
26. Jemadia pater  ______  (species described in 1951)
    PATER SKIPPER
    (Range: Panama to Venezuela) 
    
    
    Genus YANGUNA
    
    
27. Yanguna cosyra  ______  GU  (BMCR:89) (MCA:148) (100C:48-c)   (was Pyrrhopyge cosyra)
    COSYRA SKIPPER  (or Burning Firetip)
    (Range: Guatemala to Ecuador)
    
    
    Genus MYSARBIA
    
    
28. Mysarbia sejanus  ______
    Mysarbia selanus stolli  ______  (subspecies from Costa Rica to the upper Amazon)
    BLACK-VEINED FIRETIP
    
    
    Genus MYSCELUS
    
    
29. Myscelus assaricus  ______
    Myscelus assaricus michaeli  ______  (MCA:148)  (subspecies from Mexico to Panama, described in 1975)
    FIERY MYSCELUS  (or Blue-and-orange Mytip)
    
    
30. Myscelus amystis  ______ 
    Myscelus amystis hages  ______  (MCA:148)  (subspecies from Mexico to Panama)
    WIDESPREAD MYSCELUS  (or Common Mytip)
    
    
31. Myscelus phoronis  ______
    Myscelus phoronis phoronis  ______  (subspecies from Panama to Bolivia)
    PHORONIS MYSCELUS
    
    
32. Myscelus perissodora  ______  (MCA:148)
    DYAR'S MYCELUS  (or Chocolate-vented Mytip)
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia)
    
    
33. Myscelus belti  ______  (BMCR:89) (MCA:148)
    BELL'S MYSCELUS  (or Cinnamon Mytip)
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)
    
    
    Genus AZONAX
    
    
34. Azonax typhaon  ______  (MCA:148)
    TYPHAON SKIPPER  (or Big-spotted Mytip)   
    (Range: Mexico to the Guianas)
    
    
    Genus OXYNETRA
    
    
35. Oxynetra hopfferi  ______
    HOPFFER'S FIRETIP
    (Range: Mexico to Panama)
    
    
    Genus PASSOVA
    
    
36. Passova gellias  ______
    GELLIAS FIRETIP
    (Range: Belize, Costa Rica, & Panama)
    
    
    Genus ZONIA
    
    
37. Zonia zonia  ______
    Zonia zonia panamensis  ______  (subspecies in Belize & Panama, described in 1975)
    PAMA SKIPPER
    
    
    More in subfamily PYRGINAE following those in EUDAMINAE, after number 247 in this list.
    
    
    Subfamily EUDAMINAE
    
    
    SPREADWING SKIPPERS: including "BEAMERS" 
    
    
    Genus PHOCIDES 
     
    
38. Phocides pigmalion  ______  (K:267) (MCA:149) (PE:30)
    PIGMALION SKIPPER  (also called Mangrove Skipper, or Mangrove Beamer)
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina, also Florida & West Indies)
    
    
39. Phocides polybius (or palemon) ______ (C:253) (S:42)
    Phocides polybius lilea  ______  (K:267) (MCA:149) (PE:30) (100C:22-c)  subspecies from south Texas to Costa Rica 
    Phocides polybius polybius  ______  subspecies in Panama, also Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Trinidad
    GUAVA SKIPPER
    
    With a striking plumage, Phocides palemon feeds on Guava and related species.
    
    
40. Phocides urania  ______
    Phocides urania urania  ______  (MCA:149)  (subspecies in Mexico & Guatemala, usually in montane forest)
    Phocides urania vida  ______  (subspecies in Costa Rica)
    URANIA SKIPPER  (or Vida Skipper, depending in subspecies) (another name is Teal Beamer)
    
    
41. Phocides belus  ______  (MCA:149)
    BELUS SKIPPER  (or Beautiful Beamer)
    (Range: Mexico to Costa Rica, a stray (once) to Texas)
    
    
42. Phocides distans  ______  
    Phocides distans licinus  ______  HN  (MCA:149)  (subspecies in Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama)  
    DISTANS SKIPPER  (or Black-striped Beamer)
    
    
43. Phocides thermus  ______  (MCA:149)
    Phocides thermus thermus  ______  GU  (MCA:149)  (subspecies from southeast Mexico to Venezuela & Ecuador)
    THERMUS SKIPPER  (or Hot Beamer)
    
    
44. Phocides metrodorus  ______
    Phocides metrodorus nigrescens  ______  (subspecies in Costa Rica, also Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru)
    Phocides metrodorus metrodorus  ______  (subspecies from Panama to Bolivia & Brazil)
    METRODORUS SKIPPER  (or Nigrescens Skipper, depending on subspecies) 
    
    
    Genus TARSOCTENUS
    
    
45. Tarsoctenus corytus  ______
    Tarsoctenus corytus guadialis  ______  (subspecies from Nicaragua to Colombia)
    GAUDY SKIPPER
    
    
    SPREADWING SKIPPERS: GHOST-SKIPPERS & DIMORPHIC SKIPPER
    
    
    Genus PHANUS
    
    
46. Phanus vitreus  ______  (MCA:150)
    WIDESPREAD PHANUS  (or Musical Ghost-Skipper)
    (Range: southern Mexico to southern Brazil)
    
    
47. Phanus ecitionorum  ______  (species described in 1993)
    ARMY-ANT PHANUS
    (Range: Costa Rica to southern Brazil)
    
    
48. Phanus confusis  ______  (MCA:150)  (species described in 1993) 
    CONFUSING PHANUS  (or Confusing Ghost-Skipper)
    (Range: eastern Mexico to El Salvador)
    
    
49. Phanus rilma  ______  (MCA:150)  (species described in 1952)
    WEST MEXICAN PHANUS  (or Gapped Ghost-Skipper)
    (Range: along Pacific coast in Mexico & Guatemala)  
    
    
50. Phanus albiapicalis  ______  (MCA:150)  (species described in 1993)
    WHITE-TIPPED PHANUS  (or White-tipped Ghost-Skipper)
    (Range: Mexico to Panama, and west Ecuador & Peru)
    
    
51. Phanus grandis  ______  (species described in 1993)
    GRAND PHANUS
    (Range: Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia & Venezuela) 
     
    
52. Phanus marshallii  ______  (MCA:150)
    COMMON PHANUS  (or Common Ghost Skipper)
    (Range: Mexico to Bolivia) 
    
    
53. Phanus obscurior  
    Phanus obscurior obscurior  ______  GU  (MCA:150)  (subspecies from southeast Mexico to Colombia & Trinidad) 
    DARK PHANUS  (or Obscure Ghost-Skipper)
    
    
    Genus UDRANOMIA
    
    
54. Udranomia orcinus  ______  (MCA:166)
    ORCINUS SKIPPER  (or Horseshoe Skipper)
    (Range: Mexico to Bolivia)
    
    
55. Udranomia kikkawai  ______  (MCA:166)
    NERVOUS SKIPPER
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)
    
    
56. Udranomia eurus  ______
    EURUS SKIPPER
    (Range: Costa Rica to the Amazon basin) 
    
    
    Genus HYALOTHYRUS
    
    
57. Hyalothyrus neleus  ______   
    Hyalothyrus neleus pemphigargyra  ______  (MCA:150)  (subspecies from Mexico to Venezuela)
    DIMORPHIC SKIPPER
    
    
58. Hyalothyrus leucomelas  ______
    LEUCOMELAS SKIPPER
    (Range: Panama to Peru & Brazil)
    
    
    SPREADWING SKIPPERS: PARADISE-SKIPPERS and ENSKIPPERS
    
    
    Genus DREPHALYS
    
    
59. Drephalys helixus  ______
    HELIXUS SKIPPER
    (Range: Panama)
    
    
60. Drephalys kidonoi  ______  (species described in 1999)
    KIDONO'S SKIPPER
    (Range: western Costa Rica) 
    
    
61. Drephalys phoenicoides  ______
    CURIOUS SKIPPER
    (Range: Costa Rica to northeast Brazil)
    
    
62. Drephalys dumeril  ______  (MCA:151)
    DUMERIL SKIPPER  (or Sunset Paradise-Skipper)
    (Range: Mexico to Ecuador & Brazil)
    
    
63. Drephalys oria  ______  (MCA:151)  (species described in 1952) 
    ORIA SKIPPER  (or Sunrise Paradise-Skipper)
    (Range: Mexico to Honduras)
    
    
64. Drephalys oriander  ______
    ORIANDER SKIPPER
    (Range: Mexico to northern Brazil)
    
    
65. Drephalys alcmon  ______  GU  (MCA:151)
    ALCMON SKIPPER  (or Brown-and-white Paradise Skipper)  
    (Range: Guatemala to Brazil)
    
    
    Genus AUGIADES
    
    
66. Augiades crinisus  ______
    CRINISUS SKIPPER
    (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia & Brazil)
    
    
67. Angiades epimethea  ______
    Angiades epimethea bicolor  ______  (subspecies from Costa Rica to northern Brazil & Bolivia)
    EPIMETHEA SKIPPER
    
    
    Genus PHAREAS
    
    
68. Phareas coeleste  ______
    MAGNIFICENT SKIPPER
    (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia & Brazil)  
    
    
    Genus ENTHEUS
    
    
69. Entheus matho  ______
    Entheus matho matho  ______  (MCA:151)  (subspecies from southeast Mexico to Costa Rica)
    Entheus matho aequatorius  ______  (subspecies from Costa Rica to Ecuador)
    Entheus matho dius  ______  (subspecies from Panama to the Guianas and to Peru & Bolivia)    
    GIANT ENTHEUS  (or Blushing Enskipper):  E. m. matho
    EQUATORIAL ENTHEUS:  E. m. aequatorius
    DIUS ENTHEUS:  E. m. dius
    
    
70. Entheus crux  ______  (MCA:151)  (species described in 1989)
    MEXICAN ENTHEUS  (or Mexican Enskipper)
    (Range: southeast Mexico to Nicaragua)
    
    
    SPREADWING SKIPPERS: SILVERDROPS:  many are not identifiable in the field
    
    
    Genus EPARGYEUS
    
    
71. Epargyeus socus  ______ 
    Epargyeus socus orizaba  ______ (MCA:152)  (subspecies from eastern Mexico to Guatemala)
    ROUND-SPOTTED SILVERDROP  (or Pepper-spotted Silverdrop)
    
    
72. Epargyeus spinosa  ______  (MCA:152)  (species described in 1952)
    SUFFOSED SILVERDROP  (or Weak-frosted Silverdrop)
    (Range: Mexico to Panama)
    
    
73. Epargyeus exadeus  ______
    Epargyeus exadeus cruza  ______  (K:273) (MCA:152) (PE:text)  (subspecies from Mexico to Panama. as a stray to Texas; subspecies described in 1952) 
    BROKEN SILVERDROP  (or Exadeus Skipper)
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina) 
    
    
74. Epargyeus spina  ______  (MCA:152)  (species described in 1952) 
    SPINED SILVERDROP
    (Range: Mexico to Bolivia & Brazil)
    
    
75. Epargyeus aspina  ______  (MCA:153)  (species described in 1952) 
    SPINELESS SILVERDROP
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela & Ecuador)
    
    
76. Epargyeus deleoni  ______  (MCA:153)  (species described in 1977)
    LONG-SPOTTED SILVERDROP
    (Range: the Yucatan peninsula in Mexico & in Belize)
    
    
77. Epargyeus clavicornis  ______
    Epargyeus clavicornis gaumeri  ______  (MCA:153)  (subspecies from Mexico to Honduras) 
    Epargyeus clavicornis tenda  ______  (subspecies from southeast Mexico to Venezuela & Ecuador; subspecies described in 1955) 
    SMALL-SPOTTED SILVERDROP
    
    
    SPREADWING SKIPPERS: SCARLET-EYES
    
    
    Genus NASCUS
    
    
78. Nascus phocus  ______  (MCA:154)
    COMMON SCARLET-EYE
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina)
    
    
79. Nascus broteas  ______  (MCA:154)
    BROTEAS SCARLET-EYE  (or Cramer's Scarlet-eye)
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina)
    
    
80. Nascus solon ______
    Nascus solon corilla  ______  (MCA:154)  (subspecies from Mexico to Venezuela)
    GREAT SCARLET-EYE
    CORILLA SCARLET-EYE: N. s. corilla
    
    
81. Nascus phintias  ______  (MCA:155)
    SCHAUS' SCARLET-EYE
    (Range: southeast Mexico to the Guyanas & Peru)
    
    
    Genus PSEUDONASCUS
    
    
82. Pseudonascus paulliniae  ______
    LEAST SCARLET-EYE
    (Range: southern Mexico to southern Brazil)
    
    
    Genus CEPHISE
    
    
83. Cephise nuspesez  ______  (MCA:155,168)
    BURNS' SCARLET-EYE  (or Funny Scarlet-eye)
    (Range; eastern Mexico to Costa Rica)
    
    
84. Cephise guatemalaensis  ______  (MCA:168)  (species described in 1977)
    GUATEMALAN SCARLET-EYE
    (Range: southern Mexico & Guatemala) 
    
    
85. Cephise aelius  ______  (MCA:168)
    LONG-TAILED SCARLET-EYE
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)
    
    
    Genus VENADA
    
    
86. Venada advena  ______  
    ADVENA SCARLET-EYE
    (Range: Panama & Colombia)
    
    
87. Venada nevada  ______  CR  (species described in 2005)
    NEVADA SCARLET-EYE
    (Range: Costa Rica)
    
    
88. Venada daneva  ______  CR  (100C:60-c)  (species described in 2005)
    DANEVA SCARLET-EYE
    (Range: Costa Rica)
    
    
89. Venada cacao  ______  CR  (species described in 2005)
    CACAO SCARLET-EYE
    (Range: Costa Rica and Panama)
    
    
90. Venada naranja  ______  CR  (species described in 2005)
    ORANGE SCARLET-EYE
    (Range: Costa Rica)
    
    
91. Venada sp. (probably undescribed)  ______  GU  (was "advena")
    CRYPTIC SCARLET-EYE
    (Range: Mexico and Guatemala)    
    
    
    Genus CHRYSOPLECTRUM
    
    
92. Chrysoplectrum pervivax  ______  
    PERVIVAX SKIPPER
    (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia & northern Brazil)
    
    
93. Chrysoplectrum perniciosus  ______
    PERNICIOSUS SKIPPER
    (Range: Panama to Bolivia & central Brazil) 
    
    
94. Chrysoplectrum epicincea  ______  (MCA:168)
    STUB-TAILED SKIPPER  (or Butler's Skipper)
    (Range: southeast Mexico to Costa Rica)
    
    
95. Chrysoplectrum BURNS01  ______  (100C:90-c)   (until at least recently, an undescribed species) 
    
    The caterpillar of Chrysoplectrum BURNS01 is one of the most showy in the dry forest habitat in Guanacaste, Costa Rica.
    However to see it, one must pull apart two large leaflets of its sole food plant, Sclerolobium costaricense (in the family Fabaceae). The two leaflets are tied together with silk.
    Otherwise, it is not to be seen. 
    When exposed, the two closest "look-alike" caterpillars are those of two other pyrgine hesperiids: Chrysoplectrum pervivax (above), and Polythrix caunus, the Four-spotted Longtail (later, in this list).  
    (Source: "100 Caterpillars, Portraits from the Tropical Forests of Costa Rica", by Miller, Janzen, Hallwachs
    
    
    Genus ZESTUSA
    
    
96. Zestusa staudingeri  ______  (MCA:166)
    SOUTHERN ZESTUSA  (or Cloud-forest Zesty-Skipper)
    (Range: southern Mexico to El Salvador)
    
    
97. Zestusa levona  ______  (MCA:166)  (species described in 1972)
    LEVONA'S ZESTUSA  (or Banded Zesty-Skipper)
    (Range: southern Mexico to El Salvador) 
    
    
    Genus PORPHYROGENES
    
    
98. Porphyrogenes omphale  ______
    BLUE SCARLET-EYE
    (Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela & Bolivia) 
    
    
99. Porphyrogenes zohra  ______  HN  (MCA:155)
    ZOHRA SCARLET-EYE  (or Tawny Scarlet-eye)
    (Range: Honduras to northern Brazil)
    
    
100. Porphyrogenes sula  ______  (species described in 1940)
     SULA SCARLET-EYE
     (Range: Honduras, possibly Costa Rica)
     
     
101. Porphyrogenes glavia  ______  (species described in 1952)
     GLAVIA SCARLET-EYE
     (Range: Panama)
     
     
102. Porphyrogenes spoda  ______  (species described in 1952)
     SPODA SCARLET-EYE
     (Range: Panama)
     
     
103. Porphyrogenes spina  ______  (species described in 2008)
     SPINA SCARLET-EYE
     (Range: Panama)
     
     
104. Porphyrogenes speciosus  ______  (species described in 2008)
     SPECIOSUS SCARLET-EYE
     (Range: Costa Rica)
     
     
105. Porphyrogenes peterwegei  ______  (species described in 2010)
     PETER'S SCARLET-EYE
     (Range: northwest Costa Rica)
     
     
106. Porphyrogenes virgatus  ______
     VIRGATUS SCARLET-EYE
     (Range: Honduras, also Guyana, Peru)
     
     
107. Porphyrogenes eudemus  ______
     EUDEMUS SCARLET-EYE
     (Range: Panama, also Peru) 
     
     
108. Porphyrogenes passalus  ______
     PASSALUS SCARLET-EYE
     (Range: Panama; also Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil)
     
     There are unidentified butterflies (at least 4) in the Porphyrogenes genus in Panama & Costa Rica.
     
     
     Genus DYSCOPHELLUS
     
     
109. Dyscophellus phraxanor  ______
     Dyscophellus phraxanor lama  ______  (MCA:155)  subspecies from southeast Mexico to Honduras
     Dyscophellus phraxanor phraxanor  ______  subspecies from Nicaragua to Ecuador
     BIG-SPOTTED SCARLET-EYE  (or Blushing Scarlet-eye)
     
     
110. Dyscophellus burns01  ______  (100C:33-c)
     
     The caterpillar of Dyscophellus burns01 is a "look-alike" of Dyscophellus phraxanor (above).
     Both are very common in forests in Costa Rica.
     
     
111. Dyscophellus burns02  ______  (100C:59-c)
     
     Since it became known what to look for, it has been relatively easy to distinguish the caterpillar of Dyscophellus burns02 from the "look-alike" Dyscophellus ramon (below).
     Distinguishing the two are the markings on the top of the head of Dyscophellus burns02, two bright lemon-yellow spots.
     The top of the head of Dyscophellus ramon is spotless, and uniformly chocolate-colored.      
     
     
112. Dyscophellus ramon  ______  (MCA:156)  (species described in 1952)
     PLAIN SCARLET-EYE
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Panama)
     
     
113. Dyscophellus ramusis  ______  
     SUBTLE SCARLET-EYE
     (Range: Costa Rica to southern Brazil)
     
     
114. Dyscophellus porcius  ______ 
     Dyscophellus porcius porcius  ______  (MCA:156)  (subspecies from southern Mexico to southern Brazil)
     FIERY SCARLET-EYE
     
     
115. Dyscophellus diaphorus  ______
     DIAPHORUS SCARLET-EYE
     (Range: Costa Rica to northern Brazil)
     
     
116. Dyscophellus sebaldus  ______
     SEBALDUS SCARLET-EYE
     (Range: Costa Rica to northern Brazil)  
     
     
     Genus NICEPHELLUS
     
     
117. Nicephellus nicephorus  ______  (MCA:156)
     TWO-SPOTTED SCARLET-EYE
     (Range: Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
     Genus EURIPHELLUS
     
     
118. Euriphellus euribates  ______  (PE:text)
     Euriphellus euribates euribates  ______  (subspecies from Costa Rica to Bolivia & Brazil, rarely north to Texas)
     EURIBATES SCARLET-EYE
     
     
     Genus BUNGALOTIS
     
     
119. Bungalotis erythus  ______  (MCA:156)
     SPOTTED SCARLET-EYE
     (Range: Mexico to Bolivia & Brazil)
     
     
120. Bungalotis diophonus  ______
     DIOPHONUS SCARLET-EYE
     (Range: Costa Rica to northern Brazil)
     
     
121. Bungalotis midas  ______  (MCA:157)
     WHITE-CHEEKED SCARLET-EYE  (or Golden Scarlet-eye)
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
122. Bungalotis milleri  ______  (MCA:157)
     MILLER'S SCARLET-EYE  (or Freeman's Scarlet-eye)
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
123. Bungalotis astylos  ______  (MCA:157)
     DARK-CHEEKED SCARLET-EYE  (or Freckled Scarlet-eye)
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
124. Bungalotis quadratum  ______
     Bungalotis quadratum quadratum  ______  (MCA:157)  (subspecies from southeast Mexico to the Guianas)
     PALLID SCARLET-EYE  (or Lesser Scarlet-eye)
     
     
     Genus SALATIS
     
     
125. Salatis salatis  ______
     VARIABLE SCARLET-EYE  
     (Range: Nicaragua to southern Brazil)
     
     
126. Salatis canalis  ______
     CANAL SCARLET-EYE
     (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)
     
     
     Genus OCYBA
     
     
127. Ocyba calathana  ______
     Ocyba calathana calanus  ______  (MCA:159)  (subspecies from Mexico to Costa Rica)
     Ocyba calathana calathana  ______  (subspecies in Panama & Colombia)
     YELLOW-RIMMED SCARLET-EYE
     
     
     Genus RIDENS: SPREADWING SKIPPERS
     
     
128. Ridens crison  ______
     Ridens crison crison  ______  (MCA:169)  (subspecies in southeast Mexico & Guatemala)
     Ridens crison howarthi  ______  (subspecies in El Salvador, described in 1974)
     Ridens crison cachinnans  ______  (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
     MANY-SPOTTED RIDENS
     
     
129. Ridens biolleyi  ______
     BIOLLEY'S RIDENS
     (Range: Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
130. Ridens allyni  ______  (MCA:169)
     ALLYN'S RIDENS
     (Range: southern Mexico & Guatemala) 
     
     
131. Ridens mephitis  ______  (MCA:169)
     HEWITSON'S RIDENS  (or Mephisto Ridens)
     (Range: Mexico to Bolivia)
     
     
132. Ridens panche  ______
     PANCHE RIDENS
     (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)
     
     
133. Ridens fieldi  ______  GU  (MCA:169)  (species described in 1974) 
     FIELD'S RIDENS  (or Guatemalan Ridens)
     (Range: in Guatemala, at Volcan sta. Maria)
     
     
134. Ridens toddi  ______  (MCA:169)  (species described in 1974)
     TODD'S SKIPPER  (or Awning Ridens) 
     (Range: southern Mexico to El Salvador)
     
     
135. Ridens ridens  ______
     FROSTED SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
     Genus PROTEIDES
     
      
136. Proteides mercurius  (ph)  ______  (K:273) (PE:30)(PW:text) 
     Proteides mercurius mercurius  ______  (AZ:373)  (MCA:153)  (subspecies from Texas to Argentina; as a stray to Arizona) 
     MERCURIAL SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina, and West Indies. Strays north to southern US.) 
     
     
     
     Mercurial Skipper
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
     
     
     Genus POLYGONUS
     
      
137. Polygonus leo ______  (AZ:233) (K:267) (MCA:159) (PE:30)(PW:35) 
     Polygonus leo arizonensis  ______  (subspecies from the southwest US, mostly strays, to Central America)
     Polygonus leo pallida  ______  (subspecies from Central America to Argentina) 
     HAMMOCK SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina, also Florida & West Indies)
     
     
138. Polygonus savingy (or manueli)  ______  (MCA:159) (PE:text)
     Polygonus savingy savingy  ______  (subspecies from northern Mexico to Argentina)  
     MANUEL'S SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina, and West Indies)
     
     
     Genus CHIOIDES
     
     
139. Chioides catillus ______ (AZ:235) (C:377) (K:271) (MCA:158) (PE:30)(PW:35) 
     WHITE-STRIPED LONGTAIL
     (Range: the southwest US to Costa Rica)
     
     
140. Chioides catillus  ______  (100C:34-c)
     Chioides catillus albius  ______  subspecies in Costa Rica and Panama; described in 1952
     BLURRY-STRIPED LONGTAIL
     
     The adult butterfly of Chiodes catillus is the longest-tailed of the long-tailed skippers (in the Guanacaste region of Costa Rica), along with its "look-alike", Chiodes zilpa (below), which has a slightly different white pattern on the underside of the hindwings.    
     
     
141. Chioides zilpa ______  (AZ:235) (K:271) (MCA:158) (PE:30)(PW:35) 
     ZILPA LONGTAIL
     (Range: Mexico to Ecuador; with strays to the southwest US & south Texas)
     
     
     Genus AGUNA
     
     
142. Aguna asander ______  (AZ:373) (K:273) (MCA:158) (PE:30)(PW:35) 
     Aguna asander asander  ______  (subspecies from the southwest US to Argentina)
     GOLD-SPOTTED AGUNA
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina, and West Indies)
     
     
143. Aguna claxon ______  (MCA:158) (PE:text)
     EMERALD AGUNA
     (Range: south Texas to Suriname; also Cuba)
     
     
144. Aguna coelus  ______
     STOLL'S AGUNA
     (Range: Costa Rica to Peru & central Brazil)
     
     
145. Aguna ganna  ______
     GANNA AGUNA
     (Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela)
     
     
146. Aguna panama  ______
     PANAMANIAN AGUNA
     (Range: Honduras to Venezuela)
     
     
147. Aguna metophis ______ (K:273) (MCA:158) (PE:30) 
     LONG-TAILED AGUNA
     (Range: south Texas to southern Brazil)
     
     
148. Aguna albistria  ______ 
     Aguna albistria leucogramma  ______ (MCA:158)  (subspecies from southeast Mexico to Suriname) 
     WHITE-STRIPED AGUNA
     
     
149. Aguna coeloides  ______  (MCA:158)  (species described in 1998)
     AUSTIN'S AGUNA
     (Range: southeast Mexico to southern Brazil) 
     
     
150. Aguna aurunce  ______ 
     Aguna aurunce hypozonius  ______  (MCA:158)  (subspecies from southeast Mexico to Venezuela)
     HEWITSON'S AGUNA  (or Knobby Aguna)  
     
     
     Genus TYPHEDANUS
     
     
151. Typhedanus undulatus ______ (K:271) (MCA:170) (PE:30) 
     MOTTLED LONGTAIL
     (Range: south Texas, as a stray, to Argentina)
     
     
152. Typhedanus ampyx  ______  (MCA:159)
     GOLD-TUFTED SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
153. Typhedamus salas  ______  
     SALAS SKIPPER
     (Range: south Mexico & Belize)
     
     
     Genus POLYTHRIX
     
     
154. Polythrix octomaculata ______ (K:271) (MCA:170) (PE:30) 
     EIGHT-SPOTTED LONGTAIL
     (Range: southern Arizona, as a stray, & south Texas to Argentina) 
     
     
155. Polythrix maizae  ______  (species described in 1998) 
     MELANIC LONGTAIL
     (Range: Nicaragua)
     
     
156. Polythrix asine  ______  (MCA:170)
     ASINE LONGTAIL  (or Dark-spotted Polythrix)
     (Range: northern Mexico to Panama)
     
     
157. Polythrix mexicanus  ______  (MCA:170)  (species described in 1969)
     MEXICAN LONGTAIL
     (Range: southwest US, as a stray, to Costa Rica) 
     
     
158. Polythrix caunus  ______  (MCA:170)
     FOUR-SPOTTED LONGTAIL  (or Square-spotted Polythrix)
     (Range: eastern Mexico to Paraguay & southern Brazil)
     
     
159. Polythrix auginus  ______
     AUGINUS LONGTAIL
     (Range: southeast Mexico to southern Brazil) 
     
     
160. Polythrix kanshul  ______  (MCA:170)  (species described in 1991)
     KANSHUL LONGTAIL  (or Shuey's Polythrix)
     (Range: southern Mexico to northeast Costa Rica)
     
     
161. Polythrix metallescens  ______  (MCA:170)
     METALLESCENS LONGTAIL  (or White-striped Polythrix)
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Peru & northern Peru)
     
     
     Genus CODATRACTUS: MOTTLED-SKIPPERS
     
     
162. Codatractus alcaeus ______  (K:273) (MCA:165) (PE:text)(PW:35) 
     Codatractus alcaeus alcaeus  ______  (subspecies from south Texas to Costa Rica)
     Codatractus alcaeus apulia  ______  (subspecies from Panama to western Ecuador)
     WHITE-CRESCENT MOTTLED-SKIPPER
     
     
163. Codatractus carlos  ______ 
     Codatractus carlos carlos  ______  (MCA:165)  (subspecies from Mexico to Colombia) 
     CARLOS' MOTTLED-SKIPPER  (or Rusty Mottled-Skipper)
     
     
164. Codatractus sallyae  ______  (species described in 1995)
     SALLY'S MOTTLED-SKIPPER
     (Range: southern Mexico & Guatemala) 
     
     
165. Codatractus bryaxis  ______  (MCA:165)
     GOLDEN MOTTLED-SKIPPER  (or Tawny Mottled-Skipper)
     (Range: Mexico to Honduras)
     
     
166. Codatractus hyster  ______  (MCA:165)
     HYSTER SKIPPER  (or Hysterical Skipper)
     (Range: Mexico & El Salvador)
     
     
167. Codatractus melon  ______  (MCA:165)
     MELON MOTTLED-SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
168. Codatractus cyda  ______  (MCA:165)
     CYDA MOTTLED-SKIPPER  (or Godman's Mottled-Skipper)
     (Range: southern Mexico to Nicaragua)
     
     
169. Codatractus imalena  ______
     BLUISH MOTTLED-SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to northern Brazil)
     
     
     Genus URBANUS: LONG-TAILED SKIPPERS
     
     
170. Urbanus proteus  (ph)  ______  
     Urbanus proteus protesus  ______  GU(*)  (AZ:239) (K:269) (MCA:173) (PE:30)(PW:35) (S:36)  (subspecies from eastern & southern US to Argentina, another subspecies, U. p. domingo, in the West Indies)
     (COMMON) LONG-TAILED SKIPPER
     (Range: south Texas to Argentina, also Florida & West Indies)
     
     
     
     Long-tailed Skipper
     (photo by Rise Hill)
     
     
171. Urbanus pronus ______  (BMCR:91) (MCA:174) (PE:text)
     PRONUS LONGTAIL  (or Short-tailed Green Longtail)
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil & Argentina)
     
     
172. Urbanus esmeraldus ______ (MCA:173) (PE:text)
     ESMERALDA LONGTAIL 
     (Range: Mexico to Peru and the Guianas & Trinidad)
     
     
173. Urbanus dorantes  (ph)  ______
     Urbanus dorantes dorantes  ______  (AZ:239) (BMCR:91) (K:269) (MCA:172) (PE:30)(PW:36)  (subspecies from the southern US to Argentina)
     DORANTES LONGTAIL 
     (Range: south Texas to Argentina, also Florida & West Indies)
     
     
     
     A Dorantes Longtail photographed during the FONT tour 
     in Panama in July 2013
     (photo by Rise Hill)
     
     
174. Urbanus teleus ______ (K:269) (MCA:171) (PE:30)
     TELEUS LONGTAIL 
     (Range: south Texas to Argentina)
     
     
175. Urbanus tanna ______ (MCA:171) (PE:text)
     TANNA LONGTAIL
     (Range: Mexico to Ecuador & the Guianas, also Trinidad; as a stray to Texas)
     
     
176. Urbanus simplicius ______ (PE:text) (MCA:171) (PW:36)
     PLAIN LONGTAIL
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina; as a stray to Texas)
     
     
     
     A Plain Longtail photographed during the FONT tour
     in Panama in July 2013 
     (photo by Rise Hill)
     
     
177. Urbanus procne  ______ (K:269) (MCA:171) (PE:30)(PW:36)
     BROWN LONGTAIL
     (Range: south Texas to Argentina, strays elsewhere in southwest US)
     
     
178. Urbanus doryssus  ______
     Urbanus doryssus doryssus  ______ (MCA:172) (P:39)  (subspecies from southern Mexico to Bolivia & southern Brazil) 
     WHITE-TAILED LONGTAIL 
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina)
     
     
179. Urbanus albimargo  ______
     Urbanus albimargo albimargo  ______  (MCA:172)  (subspecies from Mexico to Ecuador & Venezuela) 
     WHITE-EDGED LONGTAIL
     
     
180. Urbanus viterboana  ______  (MCA:173)
     BLUISH LONGTAIL  (or Cobalt Longtail)
     (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)
     
     
181. Urbanus belli  ______  (MCA:173)
     BELL'S LONGTAIL  (or Double-striped Longtail)
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina, north to Texas as a stray) 
     
     
182. Urbanus pronta  (ph)  ______  (MCA:174)  (species described in 1952)
     SPOT-BANDED LONGTAIL  (or Interrupted Longtail or Pronta Longtail)
     (Range:Mexico to Argentina)
     
     
     
     Spot-banded Longtail  
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
     
     
183. Urbanus prodicus  ______  (MCA:174)  (species described in 1956)
     MONTANE LONGTAIL  (or Rosy Longtail)
     (Range: Mexico to Costa Rica, often in cloud forest)
     
     
184. Urbanus evona  ______  (MCA:175)  (species described in 1952)
     TURQUOISE LONGTAIL
     (Range: Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
185. Urbanus esma  ______  (species described in 1952)
     ESMA LONGTAIL
     (Range: Panama to Brazil, & Trinidad) 
     
     
186. Urbanus esta  ______  (MCA:175)  (species described in 1952)
     ESTA LONGTAIL
     (Range: Mexico to Ecuador & Brazil)
     
     
187. Urbanus velinus  ______  GU  (MCA:175)
     VELINUS SKIPPER  (or Narrow-winged Longtail) 
     (Range: Guatemala to Brazil, & Trinidad)
     
     
188. Urbanus trebia  ______  
     WHITE-CAPPED LONGTAIL
     (Range: El Salvador to Colombia, also Trinidad)
     
     
189. Urbanus carmelita  ______
     Urbanus carmelita carmelita  ______  (subspecies from Panama to Brazil)
     CARMELITA LONGTAIL
     
     
190. Urbanus virescens  ______
     GREEN-WASHED LONGTAIL
     (Range: Panama to Paraguay & southern Brazil)
     
     
191. Urbanus chalco  ______
     GREAT WHITE LONGTAIL
     (Range: Costa Rica to Paraguay & southern Brazil)
     
     
     Genus ASTRAPTES: FLASHERS
     
     
192. Astraptes fulgerator ______  (AZ:375) (K:279) (MCA:162) (PE:30)(PW:36)
     TWO-BARRED FLASHER  (or Flashing Astraptes)
     (Range: south Texas (where mostly in the  Rio Grande Valley) to Argentina)
     
     
     
     Two-barred Flasher
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
     
     Astraptes fulgerator, or the Two-barred Flasher, as noted above, has a range in which it is widely distributed, from Texas to Argentina.
     This diurnal skipper is also found in just about every ecosystem from the edge of near-desert to cloud forest, from dry forest to the deepest and wettest rainforest.
     The caterpillars have been found to eat more than 50 food plant species in 17 different families of plants.
     So, it is not surprising that research, with DNA work, in Costa Rica has shown that more than one species seems to be involved:
     
     Astrapes LOHAMP  ______  (100C:89-c)  the caterpillar with yellow lateral spots feeds on lower foliage and seedlings, with the food plant being Hampea appendiculata
     Astrapes HIHAMP ______  the brilliant orange-ringed caterpillar feeds on older, more mature leaves in the crowns of large trees of Hampea appendiculata   
     Astrapes LONCHO  ______  the caterpillar with a pattern very close to that of Astrapes LOHAMP, feeds mostly on  cloud-forest plants in the genus Lonchocarpus (in the family Fabaceae)
     Astrapes YESENN  ______  the caterpillar feeds mostly on the lowland to mid-elevation rain-forest plants, Senna papillosa and Senna hayesiana (in the family Fabaceae).
     
     These are some examples of variations in what has been the single species Astraptes fulgerator. 
     Beyond this, now, that "single species" has been expanded to 10 (or more).          
     
     
193. Astraptes egregius ______
     Astraptes egregius egregius  ______ (K:279) (MCA:161) (PE:text)  (subspecies from south Texas, as a stray, to Venezuela)
     SMALL-SPOTTED FLASHER
     
     
194. Astraptes alardus ______ 
     Astraptes alardus latia  ______  (K:279) (MCA:160) (PE:text)  (subspecies from east Mexico to Colombia, rarely Texas)
     FROSTED FLASHER
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina, also Cuba, rarely north to southern Texas)
     
     
195. Astraptes anaphus  ______  (K:279) (PE:text)
     Astraptes anaphus annetta  ______  (MCA:159)  (subspecies from south Texas to Guiana & Peru)
     YELLOW-TIPPED FLASHER
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina, rarely north to southern Texas; also in the West Indies)
     
     
196. Astraptes phalaecus  ______  (MCA:159)
     YELLOW-EDGED FLASHER  (or Pale-tipped Flasher)
     (Range: Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
197. Astraptes creteus (or alfius)  ______  (MCA:160)
     Astraptes creteus creteus  ______  (subspecies in Nicaragua, and Colombia to Bolivia) 
     Astraptes creteus crana  ______  (subspecies from southeast Mexico to Panama, described in 1952)
     Astraptes cretetus creteus  ______  (subspecies from Panama to the Guianas & Boiivia)
     CRETATUS FLASHER  (or Silvered Flasher)
     WHITENED FLASHER:  A. c. crana & A. c. creteus  
     A. c. crana & A. c. creteus  
     
     
198. Astraptes alector (or gilberti)  ______ 
     Astraptes alector hopfferi  ______  (MCA:160)  (subspecies from Mexico to Bolivia & northwest Brazil)
     GILBERT'S FLASHER
     
     
199. Astraptes megalurus  ______  (MCA:160)
     LONG-TAILED FLASHER
     (Range: Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
200. Astraptes chiriquensis  ______  (MCA:161)
     Astraptes chiriquensis chiriquensis (or erana)  _____  (MCA:161) ("Blue-and-yellow" Chiriqui Flasher) (subspecies from eastern Mexico to Venezuela & Ecuador)
     CHIRIQUI FLASHER
     
     
201. Astraptes latimargo  ______   
     Astraptes latimargo latimargo  ______  (subspecies in Panama, and Colombia & Ecuador)
     WHITE-EDGED FLASHER  
     
     
202. Astraptes bifascia  ______  (MCA:161: A. latimargo)
     GREEN-HEADED FLASHER
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Panama)
     
     
203. Astraptes tucuti  ______  (MCA:162)
     LILAC-BASED FLASHER
     (Range: in Central America, from Guatemala to Panama)
     
     
204. Astraptes brevicauda (or talthybius)  ______  (MCA:162)
     SHORT-TAILED FLASHER
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
205. Astraptes palliolum  ______
     OCHRE-STAINED FLASHER
     (Range: Costa Rica)  
     
     
206. Astraptes talus  ______  (MCA:163)
     GREEN FLASHER
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina; also the West Indies)
     
     
207. Astraptes aulus  ______
     GREEN-TINGED FLASHER
     (Range: Nicaragua to Argentina)
     
     
208. Astraptes enotrus  ______  (MCA:163)
     WHITE-SPOTTED FLASHER
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
209. Astraptes janeira  ______  (MCA:164)
     SCHAUS' FLASHER  (or Bronze Flasher)
     
     
210. Astraptes apastus  ______ 
     Astraptes apastus apastus  ______  (MCA:164)  (subspecies from southeast Mexico to northern Brazil) 
     BROAD-BANDED FLASHER  (or Mossy Flasher)
     
     
211. Astraptes galesus  ______
     Astraptes galesus cassius  ______  (subspecies from Costa Rica to Venezuela)
     DULL FLASHER
     
     
212. Astraptes weymeri  ______  (now included in Astraptes Chiriquensis, above)
     WEYMER'S FLASHER
     
     
     Genus NARCOSIUS
     
     
213. Narcosius nazaraeus  ______  (MCA:164)  (species described in 1986)
     NAZAREUS FLASHER  (or Steinhauser's Flasher)
     (Range: Mexico to Bolivia & Brazil)
     
     
214. Narcosius colossus  ______ 
     Narcosius colossus colossus  ______  (MCA:164)  (subspecies from Mexico to Venezuela)
     COLOSSAL FLASHER
     
     
215. Narcosius parisi  ______
     Narcosius parisi helen  ______  (MCA:164)  (subspecies from Mexico to Panama, described in 1952)
     STEELY FLASHER  (or Trojan Flasher)
     
     
216. Narcosius samson  ______  (MCA:164)  (species described in 1952)
     SAMSON FLASHER  (or Strong Flasher)  
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Bolivia & Brazil)
     
     
     Genus AUTOCHTON: BANDED SKIPPERS
     
     
217. Autochton cincta  ______ (MCA:167) (PW:36)
     CHISOS BANDED SKIPPER
     (Range: west Texas to Guatemala)
     
     
218. Autochton cellus  ______  (MCA:167)
     GOLDEN BANDED SKIPPER
     (Range: central & southern US to El Salvador)
     
     
219. Autochton vectilucis  ______  (MCA:167)
     CENTRAL AMERICAN BANDED SKIPPER  (or Dark-fringed Banded Skipper)
     (Range: southern Mexico to Panama)
     
     
220. Autochton neis  ______  (MCA:167)
     BROAD BANDED SKIPPER  
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil) 
     
     
221. Autochton bipunctatus  ______  (MCA:167)
     GMELIN'S BANDED SKIPPER  (or Two-spotted Banded-Skipper)
     (Range: Mexico to Bolivia & Brazil)
     
     
222. Autochton zarex  ______  (MCA:167)
     SHARP BANDED SKIPPER 
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina) 
     
     
223. Autochton longipennis  ______  (MCA:167)
     SPIKE BANDED SKIPPER  (or Narrow Banded-Skipper)
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
     Genus CALLIADES
     
     
224. Calliades zeutus  ______  (MCA:168)
     ZEUTUS BANDED-SKIPPER  (or Zoot Skipper)
     (Range: Mexico to the Guianas & Bolivia) 
     
     
     Genus ACHALARUS: HOARY EDGES
     
     
225. Achalarus albociliatus  ______  (MCA:176) (PW:36)
     Achalarus albociliatus albociliatus  ______  (subspecies from Mexico to Costa Rica; as a stray to so TX & se AZ)
     Achalarus albociliatus leucophrys  ______  (subspecies in Panama & Colombia) 
     WHITE-EDGED CLOUDYWING  (or Skinner's Cloudywing)
      
     
226. Achalarus toxeus ______   (AZ:377) (K:265) (MCA:176) (PE:31)(PW:36)
     COYOTE CLOUDYWING
     (Range: south Texas to Panama)
     
     
227. Achalarus tehuacana  ______  (MCA:176)
     TEHUACAN CLOUDYWING  (or Dark Cloudywing)
     (Range: Mexico & Guatemala; as a stray to south Texas)  
     
     
     Genus THESSIA
     
     
228. Thessia jalapus  ______  (K:265) (MCA:176) (PE:text)
     JALAPUS CLOUDYWING
     (Range: Mexico to Colombia; as a stray to south Texas)
     
     
229. Thessia athesis  ______ 
     ATHESIS CLOUDYWING
     (Range: Panama, also Colombia, Venezuela, Tobago)
     
     
     Genus CABARES
     
     
230. Cabares potrillo  ______  (K:277) (PE:31)(PW:37)
     Cabares potrillo potrillo  ______  (AZ:377) (MCA:178)  (subspecies from south Texas to Costa Rica; also as a stray to se Arizona, and in Cuba & Hispaniola)
     Cabares potrillo reducta  ______  (subspecies in Panama; also Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad) 
     POTRILLO SKIPPER
     
     
     Genus SPATHILEPIA
     
     
231. Spathilepia clonius ______ (K:277) (MCA:178) (PE:31)
     FALCATE SKIPPER
     (Range: south Texas, where sporadic, and from Mexico to Argentina) 
     
     
     Genus COGIA: PYRAMID-SKIPPERS
     
     
232. Cogia calchas ______  (K:265) (MCA:177) (PE:31)(PW:37)
     MIMOSA SKIPPER 
     (Range: south Texas to Argentina)
     
     
233. Cogia hippalus ______  (AZ:245) (MCA:177) (K:259) (PE: text)(PW:37)
     Cogia hippalus hiska  ______  (subspecies from east Mexico to Costa Rica; described in 1953)
     ACACIA SKIPPER
     (Range: southwest US to Brazil)
     
     
234. Cogia caicus ______  (AZ:245) (MCA:177) (PW:37)
     Cogia caicus caicus  ______  (subspecies from southern Mexico to Costa Rica)
     GOLD-COSTA SKIPPER
     (Range: Arizona & so New Mexico to Guatemala)
     
     
235. Cogia cajeta  ______
     Cogia cajeta cajeta  ______  (subspecies from southeast Mexico to Nicaragua)
     Cogia cajeta eluina  ______  (MCA:177)  (subspecies from west Mexico to Costa Rica) 
     YELLOW-HAIRED SKIPPER
     "DARKENED" YELLOW-HAIRED SKIPPER: C. c. eluina  
     
     
236. Cogia mala  ______  (MCA:177)  (species described in 1953)
     GUATEMALAN SKIPPER  (or Pale Pyramid-Skipper)
     (Range: south Mexico & Guatemala) 
     
     
     Genus TELEMIADES: LEAF-HUGGERS
     
     
237. Telemiades choricus  ______
     MEXICAN TELEMIADES
     (Range: southern Mexico & Belize)
     
     
238. Telemiades megallus  ______  (MCA:179)
     ORANGE TELEMIADES  (or Tawny Leafhugger)
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
239. Telemiades (amphion) fides  ______  (MCA:180)  (species described in 1949) 
     SMALL TELEMIADES  (or Costa-spotted Leafhugger)
     (Range: Mexico to Ecuador & the upper Amazon)
     
     
240. Telemiades avitas  ______  (MCA:180)
     YELLOW-SPOTTED TELEMIADES  (or Yellow-spotted Leafhugger)
     (Range: southeast Mexico to the northern Amazon)
     
     
241. Telemiades nicomedes  ______  (MCA:180)
     DARK TELEMIADES  (or Dark Leafhugger)
     (Range: southeast Mexico to the upper Amazon)
     
     
242. Telemiades delalande  ______  GU  (MCA:180)
     DELALANDE SKIPPER  (or Purplish Leafhugger)
     (Range: Guatemala to Venezuela & Peru, the upper Amazon)
     
     
243. Telemiades centrites  ______
     Telemiades centrites gallius  ______  (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama, in mid-elevation rain forest)
     CENTRITES SKIPPER
     
     
244. Telemiades chrysorrhoea  ______
     CHRYSORRHOEA SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica & Panama, in cloud forest) 
     
     
245. Telemiades sila  ______  (species described in 1953)
     SILA TELEMIADES
     (Range: Nicaragua to Venezuela & Ecuador)
     
     
246. Telemiades epicalus  ______
     HUBNER'S TELEMIADES
     (Range: Panama to southern Brazil)
     
     
247. Telemiades meris  ______
     Telemiades meris meris  ______  (subspecies in Panama & Colombia)
     MERIS TELEMIADES
     
     
248. Telemiades penidas  ______
     PENIDAS TELEMIADES
     (Range: Costa Rica to southern Brazil)
     
     
249. Telemiades antiope  ______
     Telemiades antiope antiope  ______  (subspecies from Nicaragua to southern Brazil)
     PLOTZ'S TELEMIADES  
     
     
250. Telemiades oiclus (or cora)  ______
     OICLUS SKIPPER
     (Range: Honduras to Panama)
     
     
     Subfamily PYRGINAE, tribe CELAENORRHININI
     
     
     Genus CELAENORRHIBUS:  FLATS
     
     
251. Celaenorrhinus aegiochus  ______
     FLASHING FLAT
     (Range: Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
252. Celaenorrhinus fritzgaertneri ______  (AZ:377) (K:277) (MCA:178) (PE:text)(PW:37)
     FRITZGAERTNER'S FLAT 
     (Range: Mexico to Costa Rica, periodically to south Texas)
     
     
253. Celaenorrhinus stallingsi ______ (K:277) (MCA:178) (PE:31)  (species described in 1946)
     STALLINGS' FLAT 
     (Range: Mexico to Costa Rica, periodically to south Texas)
     
     
254. Celaenorrhinus stola  ______  (MCA:178)  (species described in 1952) 
     STOLA FLAT  (or Elegant Flat)
     (Range: Mexico to Nicaragua) 
     
     
255. Celaenorrhinus eligius  ______  (MCA:178)
     ELIGIUS FLAT  (or Stoll's Flat)
     (Range: Costa Rica to Peru & the Guianas; also Trinidad & Tobago)  
     
     
256. Celaenorrhinus monartus  ______  (MCA:178)
     DOTTED FLAT
     (Range: southern Mexico to northern Brazil)
     
     
257. Celaenorrhinus approximatus  ______  (species described in 1940)
     APPROXIMATE FLAT
     (Range: Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
258. Celaenorrhinus bifurcus  ______
     BIFURCATE FLAT
     (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador & the Guianas; also Trinidad) 
     
     
259. Celaenorrhinus cynapes  ______
     Celaenorrhinus cynapes cynapes  ______  (subspecies from southern Mexico to Ecuador)
     SMALL FLAT 
     
     
     Subfamily PYRGINAE, tribe CARCHARODINI
     
     
     Genus MICTRIS
     
     
260. Mictris crispus  
     Mictris crispus caerula  ______  (MCA:180)  (subspecies from southern Mexico to Ecuador) 
     CRISP SKIPPER
     
     
     Genus ARTEUROTIA
     
     
261. Arteurotia tractipennis  ______
     Arteurotia tractipennis tractipennis  ______  (MCA:182) (PE:text)  (subspecies from south Texas to Surinam & Bolivia)
     STARRED SKIPPER
     
     
     Genus MIMIA
     
     
262. Mimia phidyle  ______
     Mimia phidyle phidyle  ______  (subspecies from Mexico to Panama)
     PHIDYLE SKIPPER
     
     
     Genus POLYCTOR:  TUFTED-SKIPPERS
     
     
263. Polyctor cleta  (ph)  ______  (BMCR:91) (MCA:195)  (species described in 1953)
     CLETA TUFTED-SKIPPER  (or White Enops) 
     (Range: Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
     
     Cleta Tufted Skipper  
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
     
     
264. Polyctor polyctor  ______  (MCA:195)
     Polyctor polyctor polyctor  ______  (subspecies from Costa Rica to Argentina)
     POLYCTOR TUFTED-SKIPPER  (or Common Enops)
     
     
     
     Polyctor Tufted Skipper
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
     
     
265. Polyctor enops  ______  (MCA:195)
     ENOPS TUFTED SKIPPER  (or Brown Enops)
     (Range: Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
     Genus NISONIADES
     
     
266. Nisoniades rubescens ______ (K:275) (MCA:181) (PE:text)
     PURPLISH TUFTED-SKIPPER  (or Purplish-black Skipper)
     (Range: Mexico to Amazonian Brazil, strays to far-southern Texas)
     
     
267. Nisoniades godma  ______  (MCA:181)  (species described in 1953)
     GODMA TUFTED-SKIPPER  (or Guatemalan Pellicia)
     (Range: Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
268. Nisioniades panama  ______  (species described in 1953)
     PANAMANIAN TUFTED-SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama to Ecuador) 
     
     
269. Nisoniades ephora  ______  (MCA:181)
     EPHORA TUFTED-SKIPPER  (or Small-spotted Pellicia)
     (Range: Mexico to the Guianas & Peru; also Trinidad)
     
     
270. Nisoniades castolus  ______  (MCA:181)
     CASTOLUS TUFTED-SKIPPER  (or Hewitson's Pellicia)
     (Range: southern Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
271. Nisoniades laurentina  ______  (MCA:181)
     DARK TUFTED-SKIPPER  (or Dark Pellicia)
     (Range: southeast Mexico to the Guianas; also Trinidad)
     
     
272. Nisioniades macarius  ______
     MACARIUS TUFTED-SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama to Argentina)
     
     
273. Nisioniades torta  ______  (species described in 1989)
     TORTA TUFTED-SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
     Genus PELLICIA
     
     
274. Pellicia arina  ______  (K:275) (MCA:181) (PE:31)  (species described in 1953)
     GLAZED TUFTED-SKIPPER  (or Glazed Pellicia)
     (Range: south Texas to Panama)
     
     
275. Pellicia costimacula  ______
     Pellicia costimacula costimacula  ______  (subspecies from Panama to southern Brazil)
     FROSTED TUFTED-SKIPPER 
     
     
276. Pellicia angra  ______
     Pellicia angra angra  ______  (MCA:181)  (subspecies from southeast Mexico to Panama, described in 1953) 
     RARE TUFTED-SKIPPER  (or Confused Pellicia)
     
     
277. Pellicia tonga  ______
     TONGA TUFTED-SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama to Venezuela)
     
     
278. Pellicia dimidiata  ______
     Pellicia dimidiata dimidiata  ______  (MCA:181) (PE:text)  (subspecies from Mexico, & Texas as a stray, to the upper Amazon; also Trinidad)  
     MORNING GLORY TUFTED-SKIPPER  (or Morning Glory Pellicia)
     (Range: northern Mexico to Argentina) 
     
     
     Genus PACHYNEURIA
     
     
279. Pachyneuria licisca  ______  (MCA:181)
     IMMACULATE TUFTED-SKIPPER  (or Obscure Pellicia)
     (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)
     
     
     Genus WINDIA
     
     
280. Windia windi  ______  (species described in 1969)
     WIND'S SKIPPER
     (Range: northwest Mexico to Costa Rica)  
     
     
     Genus NOCTUANA
     
     
281. Noctuana lactifera  ______
     Noctuana lactifera bipuncta  ______  (MCA:200)  (subspecies from Mexico to Nicaragua)
     Noctuana lactifera lactifera  ______  (subspecies from Costa Rica to Colombia)
     CRYTIC SKIPPER  (or White-haired Skipper)
     
     
282. Noctuana noctua  ______
     NOCTUA SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama to Peru) 
     
     
283. Noctuana stator  ______  (MCA:182)
     RED-STUDDED SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Peru & the Guianas; also Trinidad)
     
     
     Genus MORVINA
     
     
284. Morvina fissimacula  ______
     Morvina fissimacula pelarge  ______  (subspecies from Nicaragua to Panama)
     PELARGE SKIPPER
     
     
     Genus MYRINIA
     
     
285. Myrinia myris  ______
     MYRIS SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico & Belize to southern Brazil)
     
     
     Genus CYCLOSEMIA
     
     
286. Cyclosemia leppa  ______  (species described in 1953)
     LEPPA EYED-SKIPPER 
     (Range: Guatemala to Bolivia)
     
     
287. Cyclosemia anastomosis  ______  (MCA:182)
     NORTHERN EYED-SKIPPER 
     (Range: eastern Mexico to Ecuador)
     
     
288. Cyclosemia lyrcaea  ______
     LYRCAEA EYED-SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama to southeast Brazil)
     
     
289. Cyclosemia pedro  ______  (species described in 1940) 
     PEDRO EYED-SKIPPER
     (Range: Honduras to northern Brazil)
     
     
290. Cyclosemia caerulea  ______  (species described in 2001)
     CAERULEA EYED-SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica)
     
     
291. Cyclosemia subcaerulea  ______
     SUBCAERULEA EYED-SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)
     
     
     Genus GORGOPAS:  SOOTYWINGS
     
     
292. Gorgopas chlorocephala  (ph)  ______
     Gorgopas chloroecphala chlorocephala  ______  (subspecies from Nicaragua to Bolivia)
     GREEN-HEADED SOOTYWING
     
     
     
     Green-headed Sootywing
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
     
     
     Genus BOLLA
     
     
293. Bolla clytius ______  (AZ:378) (K:297) (MCA:183) (PE:31)(PW:37)
     MOTTLED SOOTYWING  (or Mottled Bolla)
     (Range: northern Mexico to Honduras; with strays to southeast Arizona & south Texas)
     
     
294. Bolla brennus ______ (MCA:183) (PE:text)
     OBSCURE SOOTYWING  (or Obscure Bolla)
     (Range: Mexico to Panama; as a stray to south Texas)
     
     
295. Bolla guerra  ______  (species described in 1953)
     GUERRERO SOOTYWING
     (Range: Mexico to Nicaragua)
     
     
296. Bolla evippe  ______  (MCA:183)
     ROUGH-TIPPED SOOTYWING  (or Salvin's Bolla)
     (Range: Mexico to Nicaragua)
     
     
297. Bolla eusebius  ______  (MCA:183)
     SPATULATE SOOTYWING  (or Mauve Bolla)
     (Range: Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
298. Bolla imbras (or pullata)  ______  (MCA:183)
     ROUNDED SOOTYWING  (or Rounded Bolla)
     Range: Mexico to Venezuela)
     
     
299. Bolla cupreiceps  ______  (MCA:183)
     COPPER-HEADED SOOTYWING  (or Golden-headed Bolla)
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
300. Bolla orsines  ______  (MCA:184)
     HOOK-TIPPED SOOTYWING  (or Godman's Bolla)
     (Range: Mexico to El Salvador) 
     
     
301. Bolla zorilla  ______  (MCA:184)
     ZORILLA SOOTWING  (or Shining Bolla)
     (Range: Mexico to Bolivia) 
     
     
302. Bolla subapicatus  ______  (MCA:184)
     FIN-TIPPED SOOTYWING  (or Pine-oak Bolla)
     (Range: Mexico, Guatemala)
     
     
303. Bolla cylindus  ______  (MCA:185)
     CHECKERED SOOTYWING  (or Great Bolla)
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Costa Rica) 
     
     
304. Bolla cyclops (or sonda)  ______  (MCA:184) (MCA:185)
     CYCLOPS SOOTYWING  (or Cyclops Bolla) (C. sonda: Evan's Bolla)
     (Range: southeast Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia)
     
     
305. Bolla saletas  ______  (MCA:185)
     SALETAS SOOTYWING  (or Coppery Bolla)
     (Range: Guatemala & El Salvador) 
     
     
306. Bolla atahuallpai  ______
     ATAHUALLPAI SOOTYWING
     (Range: Panama to Argentina) 
     
     
307. Bolla boliviensis  ______  
     BOLIVIAN SOOTYWING
     (Range: Guatemala to Bolivia)  
     
     
     Genus STAPHYLUS: SOOTYWINGS
     
     
308. Staphylus ascalaphus  ______  (MCA:186)
     CENTRAL AMERICAN SOOTYWING  (or Mauve Scallopwing)
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
309. Staphylus tierra  ______  (MCA:186)  (species described in 1953)
     WEST MEXICAN SOOTYWING  (or West Mexican Scallopwing)
     (Range: west Mexico to El Salvador)
     
     
310. Staphylus azteca  ______  (MCA:187)
     AZTEC SOOTYWING  (or Aztec Scallopwing)
     (Range: Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
311. Staphylus vulgata  ______  (MCA:188)
     GOLDEN-SNOUTED SOOTYWING  (or Golden-snouted Scallopwing)
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina)
     
     
312. Staphylus vincula  ______  (MCA:188)
     MOUNTAIN SOOTYWING  (or Mountain Scallopwing)
     (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)
     
     
313. Staphylus lenis  ______  (species described in 1989)
     LENIS SOOTYWING
     (Range: Yucatan Peninsula to Trinidad) 
     
     
314. Staphylus cartagoa  ______  (species described in 1940)
     CARTAGOA SOOTYWING
     (Range: El Salvador, Costa Rica)
     
     
315. Staphylus unicornis  ______  (species described in 1993)
     UNICORN SOOTYWING
     (Range: Costa Rica)
     
     
316. Staphylus parvus  ______  (species described in 1993)
     PARVUS SOOTYWING
     (Range: Costa Rica)
     
     
317. Staphylus esmeraldus  ______  (species described in 1966)
     ESMERALDUS SOOTYWING
     (Range: eastern Costa Rica)  
     
     
318. Staphylus evemerus  ______  
     EVEMERUS SOOTYWING
     (Range: Nicaragua to Panama)
     
     
319. Staphylus caribbea  ______  (species described in 1940)
     PANAMANIAN SOOTYWING
     (Range: Nicaragua to Ecuador)
     
     
320. Staphylus perforata  ______
     PERFORATA SOOTYWING
     (Range: Panama to Peru) 
     
     
321. Staphylus oeta  ______
     OETA SOOTYWING
     (Range: Costa Rica to Argentina)
     
     
322. Staphylus huigra  ______
     Staphylus huigra huigra  ______  (subspecies in El Salvador, and Ecuador to Bolivia) 
     HUIGRA SOOTYWING
     
     
     Subfamily PYRGINAE, tribe ERYNNINI 
     
     
     Genus GORGYTHION
     
     
323. Gorgythion begga  ______  (K:275) (PE:text)
     Gorgythion begga pyralina  ______  (MCA:200)  (subspecies from south Texas to the Guianas & Bolivia)   
     VARIEGATED SKIPPER
     
     
324. Gorgythion vox  ______  (MCA:200)  (species described in 1953) 
     CRAB'S-CLAW SKIPPER
     
     
325. Gorgythion beggina  ______
     Gorgythion beggina escalophoides  ______  (subspecies from Costa Rica to Argentina)
     BEGGINA SKIPPER
     
     
     Genus SOSTRATA
     
     
326. Sostrata grippa  ______  (species described in 1953)
     GRIPPA SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia)
     
     
327. Sostrata nordica  (ph)  ______  (MCA:191) (PE:text)  (species described in 1953)
     BLUE-STUDDED SKIPPER  
     (Range: Mexico to Costa Rica, as a rare stray to far-southern Texas)
     
     
     
     Blue-studded Skipper
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
     
     
328. Sostrata bifasciata  ______  
     Sostrata bifasciata leucorrhoa  ______  (subspecies from Costa Rica to Colombia)
     METAL-STUDDED SKIPPER
     
     
329. Sostrata pusilla  ______
     Sostrata pusilla pusilla  ______  (subspecies from Nicaragua to the upper Amazon)
     PUSILLA SKIPPER  
     
     
     Genus POTAMANAXAS
     
     
330. Potamanaxas unifasciata  ______  (MCA:193)
     FELDER'S SKIPPER  (or Starred Potam)
     (Range: Mexico to Peru)
     
     
331. Potamanaxas xantholeuce  ______
     XANTHOLEUCE SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama)
     
     
332. Potamanaxas thoria  ______
     THORIA SKIPPER
     (Range: Nicaragua to Peru)
     
     
333. Potamanaxas melicertes  ______
     MELICERTES SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)
     
     
334. Potamanaxas hirta  ______
     Potamanaxas hirta paphos  ______  (subspecies from Costa Rica to Ecuador, described in 1953)
     HIRTA SKIPPER
     
     
335. Potamanaxas effusa  ______
     Potamanaxas effusa confusa  ______  (subspecies in Panama & Colombia)
     EFFUSA SKIPPER
     
     
336. Potamanaxas thestia  ______
     Potamanaxas thestia cranda  ______  (subspecies in Costa Rica, described in 1953)
     THESTIA SKIPPER
     
     
337. Potamanaxas latrea  ______
     Potamanaxas latrea latrea  ______  (subspecies in Nicaragua)
     Potamanaxas latrea caliadne  ______  (subspecies in Costa Rica)
     LATREA SKIPPER
     
     
     Genus MYLON:  MYLONS
     
     
338. Mylon lassia  ______  (MCA:189)
     BOLD MYLON
     (Range: Mexico to the Guianas, also Trinidad)
     
     
339. Mylon maimon (or mednippus)  ______  (BMCR:91) (MCA:189)
     COMMON MYLON  (or Black-veined Mylon)
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina)
     
     
340. Mylon salvia  ______  (MCA:189)  (species described in 1953)
     EVANS' MYLON
     (Range: Guatemala to Colombia) 
     
     
341. Mylon pelopidas  (ph)  ______  (MCA:189)
     PALE MYLON  (or Dingy Mylon)
     (Range: Mexico to Paraguay)
     
     
     
     Pale Mylon
     (photo by Sherry C. Nelson)
     
     
342. Mylon cajus  ______
     Mylon cajus hera  ______  GU  (MCA:189)  (subspecies described in 1953)
     CRYPTIC MYLON  (or Unbarred Mylon)
     
     
343. Mylon jason  ______  (MCA:189)
     JASON'S MYLON
     (Range: Guatemala to Paraguay & southern Brazil) 
     
     
344. Mylon orsa  (ph)  ______  (species described in 1953)
     ORSA MYLON
     (Range: Costa Rica)
     
     
     
     Orsa Mylon
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
     
     
345. Mylon ander  ______
     Mylon ander ander  ______  (subspecies from Mexico to southern Brazil)
     NARROW-WINGED MYLON
     
     
346. Mylon cristata  ______  (species described in 2000)
     AUSTIN'S MYLON
     (Range: southern Mexico & Guatemala) 
     
     
     Genus GRAIS
     
     
347. Grais stigmatica ______  (AZ:381) (K:277) (MCA:201) (PE:32)(PW:37)
     Grais stigmatica stigmatica  ______  (subspecies from Mexico to Argentina, as a stray to Texas & further north)
     HERMIT SKIPPER  
     
     
     Genus TIMOCHARES
     
     
348. Timochares ruptifasciata  ______  (MCA:201)
     BROWN-BANDED SKIPPER
     (Range: southwest US to Belize)
     
     
349. Timochares trifasciata  ______  (MCA:201)
     Timochares trifasciata trifasciata  ______  (subspecies from Mexico to southern Brazil)
     MANY-BANDED SKIPPER  (or Five-banded Skipper)
     
     
     Genus ANASTRUS: BLUEVENTS
     
     
350. Anastrus meliboea  ______  (MCA:201)
     Anastrus meliboea meliboea  ______  (subspecies from Costa Rica to Colombia)  
     SCARCE ANASTRUS  (or Teal-bordered Bluevent) 
     
     
351. Anastrus neaeris  ______
     Anastrus neaeris neaeris  ______  (MCA:201)  (subspecies from southern Mexico to Venezuela & Ecuador)
     Anastrus neaeris narva  ______  (subspecies from Panama to Bolivia & east-central Brazil) 
     BRILLIANT ANASTRUS  (or Brilliant Bluevent)
     
     
352. Anastrus sempiternus  ______
     Anastrus sempiternus sempiternus  ______  (MCA:201)  (subspecies from Mexico to Ecuador; as a stray to south Texas) 
     COMMON ANASTRUS  (or Common Bluevent)
     
     
353. Anastrus tolimus  ______
     Anastrus tolimus tolimus  ______  (subspecies from eastern Mexico to Ecuador)
     BLURRY ANASTRUS
     
     
354. Anastrus petius  ______
     Anastrus petius peto  ______  (subspecies from Guatemala to Costa Rica, described in 1953)
     PETO SKIPPER  
     
     
355. Anastrus virens  ______
     Anastrus virens albopannus  ______  (species from southeast Mexico to Panama, described in 2002)
     AUSTIN'S ANASTRUS 
     
     
     Genus TOSTA
     
     
356. Tosta gorgus  ______
     GORGUS SKIPPER
     (Range: Belize, Costa Rica)
     
     
357. Tosta platypterus  ______
     PLATYPTERUS SKIPPER
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Panama)
     
     
358. Tosta niger  ______  (species described in 1940)
     COLUMBIAN SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)
     
     
     Genus EBRIETAS: BENTWINGS
     
     
359. Ebrietas osyris  ______  (MCA:199)
     YELLOW-PATCHED BENT-SKIPPER  (or Great Bentwing)
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Venezuela & Ecuador)
     
     
360. Ebrietas badia  ______
     BADIA BENT-SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia)   
     
     
361. Ebrietas anacreon  ______ 
     Ebrietas anacreon anacreon  ______  (MCA:199)  (subspecies from Mexico to Argentina)
     COMMON BENT-SKIPPER  (or Common Bentwing)
     
     
362. Ebrietas evanidus  ______  (MCA:199)
     BLURRED BENT-SKIPPER  (or Blurred Bentwing)
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Peru, the upper Amazon) 
     
     
363. Ebrietas sappho  ______  (MCA:199)  (species described in 1974)
     SAPPHO BENT-SKIPPER  (or Sappho Bentwing)
     (Range: eastern Mexico to Costa Rica) 
     
     
364. Ebrietas elaudia  ______ 
     Ebrietas elaudia livius  ______  (MCA:199)  (subspecies from southeast Mexico to Bolivia)
     Ebrietas elaudia elaudia  ______  (subspecies from Panama to Venezuela) 
     PLAIN BENT-SKIPPER  (or Plain Bentwing)
     ELAUDIA BENT-SKIPPER:  Ebrietas e. elaudia 
     
     
     Genus CAMPTOPLEURA: BENTWINGS
     
     
365. Camptopleura (or Cycloglypha) thrasibulus  ______  (MCA:199)
     Camptopleura thrasibulus thrasibulus  ______  (subspecies from Mexico to southern Brazil)
     WIDESPREAD BENT-SKIPPER  (or Aztec Bentwing)
     
     
366. Camptopleura auxo  ______  (MCA:199)
     AUXO BERNT-SKIPPER  (or Columbian Bentwing)
     (Range: southeast Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
367. Camptopleura theramenes  ______  (MCA:199)
     MABILLE'S BENT-SKIPPER  (or Moire Bentwing)
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Bolivia & Brazil)
     
     
368. Camptopleura impressus  ______
     IMPRESSIVE BENT-SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama to southern Brazil, in Minas Gerais)
     
     
369. Camptopleura tisias  ______  (MCA:199)
     TISIAS BENT-SKIPPER  (or Ringless Bentwing)
     (Range; southeast Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
370. Camptopleura enega  ______
     ENEGA BENT-SKIPPER
     (Range: Nicaragua to southern Brazil) 
     
     
     Genus HELIAS: BENTWINGS
     
     
371. Helias cama  ______  (MCA:200)  (species described in 1953)
     SQUARED BENT-SKIPPER  (or Square Bentwing)
     (Range: eastern Mexico to Colombia) 
     
     
372. Helias godmani  ______
     GODMAN'S BENT-SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)
     
     
373. Helias phalaenoides  ______
     Helias phalaenoides phalaenoides  ______  (subspecies from Panama to Bolivia)
     FABRICIUS' BENT-SKIPPER  
     
     
     Genus THEAGENES: BENTWING (or Bent-Skipper)
     
     
374. Theagenes aegides  (ph)  ______  (MCA:200)
     WHITE-CENTERED BENT-SKIPPER  (another names is the Cloud-patched Bentwing)
     (Range: Mexico to Panama)
     
     
     
     White-centered Bent-Skipper
     (photo by Sherry Nelson) 
     
     
     Genus CHIOMARA
     
     
375. Chiomara georgina  ______  (AZ:249) (K:295) (PE:32) (PW:37): these books say White-patterned Skipper 
     Chiomara georgina georgina  ______  (subspecies from the southwest US, in southeast Arizona & south Texas, to Costa Rica)
     WHITE-PATCHED SKIPPER 
     
     
376. Chiomara asychis  ______  (MCA:200)
     Chiomara asychis simon  ______  (subspecies from Costa Rica to Venezuela; also Trinidad, described in 1953) 
     WHITE-PATTERNED SKIPPER
     (Range: also includes some islands in the West Indies, in the southern Lesser Antilles)
     
     
377. Chiomara mithrax ______ (AZ:381) (MCA:200) (PW:text)
     MITHRAX DUSKYWING  (or Slaty Skipper)
     (Range: east Mexico to Argentina; also Cuba; and as a stray to se AZ)
     
     
     Genus GESTA: DUSKYWING
     
     
378. Gesta invisus  ______  (K:287) (MCA:200) (PE:32)(PW:37)
     FALSE DUSKYWING
     (Range: Texas to Costa Rica)
     
     
379. Gesta gesta  ______
     IMPOSTAR DUSKYWING
     (Range: Costa Rica to Argentina; also the Greater Antilles)
     
     
     Genus ERYNNIS: TRUE DUSKYWINGS
     
     
380. Erynnis tristis ______  (AZ:255) (K:283) (MCA:204) (PE:text)(PW:38)
     Erynnis tristis tatius  ______  (subspecies from southwest US to Colombia)
     MOURNFUL DUSKYWING
     
     
381. Erynnis funeralis  (ph)  ______  (AZ:257) (K:281) (MCA:204) (PE:32)(PW:38)
     FUNEREAL DUSKYWING
     (Range: southwest US to Argentina, wanders further north, straying widely)
     
     
     
     A Funereal Duskywing photographed during a FONT tour in Costa Rica
     (photo by Rosemary Lloyd)  
     
     
382. Erynnis scudderi  ______
     SCUDDER'S DUSKYWING
     (Range: the southwest US to Guatemala) 
     
     
     Subfamily PYRGINAE, tribe ACHLYODIDINI 
     
     
     Genus AETHILLA: GROUND-SKIPPERS
     
     
383. Aethilla lavochrea  ______  (MCA:198)
     YELLOW-RIMMED SKIPPER  (or Yellow-rimmed Ground-Skipper)
     (Range: Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
384. Aethilla chiapa  ______  (MCA:198)
     HIGHLANDS SKIPPER  (or Chiapas Ground-Skipper)
     (Range: southern Mexico & Guatemala)
     
     
385. Aethilla echina  ______
     Aethilla echina exhina  ______  (MCA:198)  (subspecies from southeast Mexico to southern Brazil) 
     ECHINA SKIPPER  (or Frosted Ground-Skipper) 
     
     
     Genus ACHLYODES: SICKLEWINGS
     
     
386. Achlyodes pallida (or selva) (ph)  ______  (MCA:197)
     PALE SICKLEWING
     (Range:  Mexico to Bolivia; as a stray in south Texas) 
     
     
     
     Pale Sicklewing
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
     
     
387. Achlyodes busirus  ______  (MCA:197)
     GIANT SICKLEWING
     (Range: Mexico to Bolivia)
     
     
     Genus EANTIS
     
     
388. Eantis tamenund  ______  (C:251) (K:275) (MCA:197) (PE:31)
     NORTHERN SICKLEWING  (or SICKLE-WINGED SKIPPER)
     (Range: Texas to northern Belize & Guatemala; also as a stray further north) 
     
     
389. Eantis thraso  ______
     SOUTHERN SICKLEWING
     (Range: southern Mexico & southern Belize to Argentina)
     
     
     Genus DOBERES
     
     
390. Doberes anticus  ______  (MCA:197)
     DARK DOBERES  (or Cloud-forest Sicklewing)
     (Range: southern Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
     Genus QUADRUS: BLUE-SKIPPERS
     
     
391. Quadrus cerialis  ______  (BMCR:91) (MCA:190)
     COMMON BLUE-SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina)   
     
     
392. Quadrus lugubris  ______ 
     Quadrus lugubris lugubris  ______  (MCA:190)  (subspecies from Mexico to Costa Rica)
     TANNED BLUE-SKIPPER  (or Lugubrious Blue-Skipper)
     
     
393. Quadrus contubernalis  ______
     Quadrus contubernalis amicius  ______  (MCA:190)  (subspecies in southern Mexico & Guatemala)
     Quadrus contubernalis contubernalis  ______  (MCA:190)  (subspecies from southeast Mexico to the upper Amazon)
     STRIPED BLUE-SKIPPER  (or Blue-ringed Blue-Skipper)
     
     
394. Quadrus francesius  ______  (MCA:190)  (species described in 1969)
     CHIAPAN BLUE-SKIPPER
     (Range: southern Mexico, in Chiapas, to Costa Rica) 
     
     
     Genus PYTHONIDES
     
     
395. Pythonides jovianus  ______ 
     Pythonides jovianus amaryllis  ______  (BMCR:91) (MCA:191)  (subspecies from Mexico to Peru)
     Pythonides jovianus jovianus  ______  (subspecies in Guatemala, and Colombia to the upper Amazon; also Trinidad) 
     VARIABLE BLUE-SKIPPER  (or Powder Blue-Skipper)
     
     
396. Pythonides proxenus  ______  (MCA:191)
     PROXENUS BLUE-SKIPPER  (or Black-topped Blue-Skipper)
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Venezuela & Ecuador)
     
     
397. Pythonides pteras  ______  (MCA:191)
     NARROW-WINGED BLUE-SKIPPER  (or Blue-spotted Blue-Skipper)
     (Range: southern Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
398. Pythonides grandis  ______
     Pythonides grandis assecla  ______  (MCA:191)  (subspecies from southeast Mexico to Peru, in the upper Amazon) 
     MANY-SPOTTED BLUE-SKIPPER
     
     
399. Pythonides herennius  ______
     Pythonides herennius herennius  ______  (subspecies from Panama to Peru, the Amazon)
     HERENNIUS BLUE-SKIPPER
     
     
     Genus ZERA
     
     
400. Zera zera  ______
     ZERA SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to southern Brazil)  
     
     
401. Zera nolckeni  ______  (MCA:192)  
     NOLCKEN'S SKIPPER  (or Barred Zera)
     (Range: Panama to Bolivia; not in Mexico)
     
     
402. Zera hosta  ______  (MCA:192)  (species described in 1953)
     HOSTA SKIPPER
     (Range: southern Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
403. Zera phila  ______
     PHILA SKIPPER  (or Unbarred Zera)
     (Range: Panama to Bolivia)
     
     
404. Zera hyacinthinus  ______
     Zera hyacinthinus hyacinthinus  ______  (MCA:192)  (subspecies from Mexico to Colombia)
     BRUISED SKIPPER  (or Bruised Zera)
     
     
405. Zera tetrastigma  ______ 
     Zera tetrastigma tetrastigma  ______  (MCA:192)  (subspecies from southern Mexico to the upper Amazon; also Trinidad)
     TETRASTIGMA SKIPPER  (or Least Zera)
     
     
406. Zera belti  ______  (MCA:192)
     BELTI SKIPPER  (or Gaudy Zera)
     (Range: southern Mexico to Nicaragua) 
     
     
407. Zera difficilis  ______
     DIFFICULT SKIPPER
     (Range: southern Mexico to the upper Amazon)
     
     
     Genus OULEUS
     
     
408. Ouleus salvina  ______  (MCA:193)  (species described in 1953) 
     SALVIN'S SKIPPER  (was Geyer's Zera)
     (Range: eastern Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
409. Ouleus cyrna  ______  (MCA:193)
     HIDDEN-YELLOW SKIPPER  (was Hidden-yellow Zera)
     (Range; southern Mexico to Panama)
     
     
410. Ouleus bubaris  ______  (MCA:193)
     BUBARIS SKIPPER  (was Pale-bordered Zera)
     (Range: southern Mexico & Guatemala)
     
     
411. Ouleus calavius  ______
     CALAVIUS SKIPPER
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Panama)
     
     
412. Ouleus panna  ______  (species described in 1953)
     PANNA SKIPPER
     (Range: Guatemala to Colombia)
     
     
413. Ouleus dilla  ______
     Ouleus dilla baru  ______  (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama, described in 1973)
     DILLA SKIPPER 
     
     
414. Ouleus negrus  ______
     Ouleus negrus negrus  ______  (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama, described in 1980)
     NEGRUS SKIPPER
     
     
     Genus GINDANES
     
     
415. Gindanes brontinus  ______
     Gindanes brontinus brontinus  ______  (MCA:193)  (subspecies from Mexico to Costa Rica) 
     STRAIGHT-EDGED SKIPPER
     
     
416. Gindanes brebisson  ______ 
     Gindanes brebisson panaetius  ______ (MCA:193)  (subspecies from southeast Mexico to Panama)  
     WHITE-TRAILED SKIPPER
     
     
     Genus HAEMACTIS
     
     
417. Haemactis sp.  ______
     RED-WASHED SKIPPER  
     (Range: Nicaragua & Costa Rica)
     
     
     Genus ATARNES
     
     
418. Atarnes sallei  ______  (BMCR:91) (MCA:193)
     ORANGE-SPOTTED SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Colombia)  
     
     
     Genus MILANION
     
     
419. Milanion hemes  ______
     Milanion hemes hemes  ______  (subspecies from Costa Rica to the Guianas; also Trinidad)
     HEMES SKIPPER
     
     
420. Milanion marciana  ______
     MARCIANA SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)
     
     
     Genus PARAMIMUS
     
     
421. Paramimus stigma  ______
     Paramimus stigma stanna  ______  (subspecies in Panama)
     STIGMA SKIPPER
     
     
     Subfamily PYRGINAE, tribe PYRGINI
     
     
     Genus CLITO
     
     
422. Clito aberrans  ______  (MCA:195)
     NORTHERN CLITO  (or Northern Clipper)
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
423. Clito zelotes  ______  (MCA:195)
     HEWITSON'S CLITO  (or Hewitson's Clipper) 
     (Range: southeast Mexico to the Guianas & the upper Amazon)
     
     
     Genus ERACON
     
     
424. Eracon biternata  ______
     BITERNATA SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
425. Eracon clinias  ______
     CLINIAS SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to the Amazon)
     
     
426. Eracon lachesis  ______
     LACHESIS SKIPPER
     (Range: southern Mexico to Panama)
     
     
427. Eracon paulinas  ______
     TEAR-DROP SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to the Guianas & the Amazon)
     
     
428. Eracon mnemon  ______
     HORSESHOE-SPOTTED SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica)
     
     
     Genus SPIONIADES
     
     
429. Spioniades abbreviata  ______
     Spioniades abbreviata abbreviata  ______ (subspecies from Nicaragua to Colombia)
     WHITE-TIPPED SKIPPER
     
     
430. Spioniades artemides  ______
     ARTEMIDES SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama to southern Brazil)
     
     
     Genus PACHES: BLUE SKIPPERS
     
     
431. Paches polla  ______  (MCA:190)
     POLLA BLUE-SKIPPER  (or Shining Blue-Skipper)
     (Range: Mexico to Costa Rica) 
     
     
432. Paches loxus (or zonula)  (ph)  ______
     Paches loxus gloriosus  ______  (MCA:190)  (subspecies from Mexico to Costa Rica)
     Paches loxus loxus  ______  (subspecies from Panama to Ecuador, Venezuela, & northern Brazil) 
     GLORIOUS BLUE-SKIPPER  (or Brilliant Blue-Skipper)
     
     
     
     Glorious Blue-Skipper
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
     
     
     Genus CARRHENES: HOARY-SKIPPERS
     
     
433. Carrhenes canescens  ______
     Carrhenes canescens canescens  ______  (K:295) (MCA:194) (PE:31)  (subspecies from south Texas to Panama)
     HOARY SKIPPER
     (Range: south Texas to Argentina)
     
     
434. Carrhenes callipetes  ______  (MCA:194)
     CLOUD-FOREST HOARY-SKIPPER  (or Ochre Hoary-Skipper)
     (Range: southern Mexico & Guatemala)
     
     
435. Carrhenes fuscescens  ______ 
     Carrhenes fuscescens fuscescens  ______  (MCA:194)  (subspecies from Mexico to Costa Rica)
     TANNED HOARY-SKIPPER  (or Black-spotted Hoary-Skipper)
     
     
436. Carrhenes calidius  ______  (MCA:194)
     RAIN-FOREST HOARY-SKIPPER  (or Two-toned Hoary-Skipper)
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Bolivia)
     
     
437. Carrhenes leada  ______  
     BUTLER'S HOARY-SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to southern Brazil)
     
     
438. Carrhenes meridensis  ______
     COSTA RICAN HOARY-SKIPPER
     (Range: Nicaragua to Venezuela)   
     
     
     Genus PYRGUS: CHECKERED SKIPPERS
     
      
439. Pyrgus adepta ______  (MCA:202)    
     CENTRAL AMERICAN CHECKERED SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Colombia) 
     
     Pyrgus adepta was a subspecies of the Common Checkered Skipper, Pyrgus communis  (AZ:259) (C:235) (K:289) (PE:32) (PW:39)   
     
     
440. Pyrgus oileus  (ph)   ______  (AZ:261) (K:289) (MCA:202) (PE:32)(PW:39)
     TROPICAL CHECKERED SKIPPER
     (Range: southern US to Costa Rica, also the West Indies)
     
     
441. Pyrgus orcus  (ph)  ______  
     ORCUS CHECKERED SKIPPER
     (Range: southern Mexico to Argentina; also Trinidad and north in the Lesser Antilles to Dominica)
     
     Pyrgus orcus was a subspecies of the Tropical Checkered Skipper (above). 
     
     
     
     Above & below: Orcus Checkered Skippers
     photographed during the FONT tour in Panama in July 2013
     Above: the male. Below: the female. 
     (photos by Rise Hill)
     
     
     
     
     
     
     Genus HELIOPETES (& HELIOPYRGUS):  LARGE WHITE SKIPPERS
     
     
442. Heliopyrgus (formerly Heliopetes) domicella ______  (AZ:263) (K:293) (MCA:203) (PE:33)(PW:39)
     Heliopyrgus domicella domicella  ______  (subspecies from the southwest US to Venezuela) 
     ERICHSON'S WHITE-SKIPPER
     (Range: northern Mexico to Argentina, strays into US) 
     
     
443. Heliopetes laviana ______  (AZ:265) (K:293) (MCA:203) (PE:33)(PEp:353)(PW:39)
     Heliopetes laviana laviana  ______  (subspecies from the southwest US to Venezuela)
     LAVIANA WHITE-SKIPPER
     (Range: south Texas to Argentina, strays into Arizona & cent Texas)
     
     
444. Heliopetes macaira ______ (K:293) (MCA:203) (PE:33)
     Heliopetes macaira macaira  ______  (subspecies from south Texas to Panama)
     TURK'S-CAP WHITE-SKIPPER 
     (Range: south Texas to Paraguay)
     
     
445. Heliopetes arsalte  (ph)  ______ (MCA:203) (PE:text)  (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)  
     VEINED WHITE-SKIPPER
     (Range: south Texas & Mexico to Argentina) 
     
     
     
     Veined White-Skipper
     (photo by Jorge Bizarro)
     
     
446. Heliopetes alana  ______  (MCA:203)
     ALANA WHITE-SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina) 
     
     
447. Heliopetes omrina  ______
     STAINED WHITE-SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama to Argentina)
     
     
     Genus DIAEUS
     
     
448. Diaeus varna  ______  (MCA:195)
     CAMOUFLAGED SKIPPER
     (Range: eastern Mexico to Panama)
     
     
     Genus ONENSES
     
     
449. Onenses hyalophora  ______  (MCA:195)
     CRYSTAL-WINGED SKIPPER
     (Range: eastern Mexico & Guatemala)    
     
     
     Genus XENOPHANES: GLASSY-WINGED SKIPPER
     
     
450. Xenophanes tryxus  (ph)  ______ (K:295) (MCA:194) (PE:32)(PW:37)
     GLASSY-WINGED SKIPPER
     (Range: north Mexico to Argentina, periodically as a stray in far-south Texas)
     
     
     
     Glassy-winged Skipper
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
     
     
     Genus SYSTASEA:  POWDERED SKIPPERS
     
     
451. Systasea pulverulenta ______  (AZ:247) (K:275) (MCA:198) (PE:31)(PW:37)
     TEXAS POWDERED SKIPPER
     (Range: southwest US to Guatemala)
     
     
     Genus ZOPYRION: SANDY-SKIPPER
     
     
452. Zopyrion sandace  ______  (MCA:198)
     SANDY SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Costa Rica)   
     
     
     Genus ANTIGONUS: SPURWINGS
     
     
453. Antigonus erosus  (ph)  ______  (MCA:196)
     COMMON SPURWING  (or Dusted Spurwing)
     (Range: Mexico to Paraguay & southern Brazil; as a stray to Texas)
     
     
     
     A Common Spurwing photographed during 
     the FONT tour in Panama in July 2013
     (photo by Rise Hill)  
     
     
454. Antigonus nearchus  ______  (MCA:196)
     LARGE SPURWING  (or Death-mask Spurwing) 
     (Range: Mexico to Paraguay & southern Brazil) 
     
     
455. Antigonus corrosus  ______  
     SMALL SPURWING
     (Range: eastern Mexico to Panama)
     
     
     Genus TIMOCHREON
     
     
456. Timochreon satyrus  ______
     Timochreon satyrus satyrus  ______  (subspecies from Costa Rica to the upper Amazon)
     SATYR SKIPPER
     
     
     Genus ANISOCHORIA
     
     
457. Anisochora bacchus  ______  (MCA:195)
     NORTHERN SNOUT-SKIPPER
     (Range: southern Mexico to El Salvador) 
     
     
458. Anisochora pedaliodina  ______
     Anisochora pedaliodina polysticta  ______  (subspecies from Costa Rica to the Guianas)
     CENTRAL AMERICAN SNOUT-SKIPPER
     
     
     Subfamily HETEROPTERINAE:  SKIPPERLINGS
     
     
     Genus PIRUNA: SKIPPERLINGS
     
     
459. Piruna aea aea  ______
     MANY-SPOTTED SKIPPERLING
     (Range: central Mexico to Guatemala) 
     
     
460. Piruna brunnea  ______  (MCA:205)
     CHOCOLATE SKIPPERLING
     (Range: Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
     Genus DALLA: SKIPPERLINGS
     
     
461. Dalla ramirezi  ______  (species described in 1969)
     GOLD-RAYED SKIPPERLING
     (Range: southern Mexico to Guatemala) 
     
     
462. Dalla freemani  ______  (MCA:208)  (species described in 1997)
     FREEMAN'S SKIPPERLING  (or Mayan Skipperling)
     (Range: in Guatemala)  
     
     
463. Dalla pulchra  ______  
     COSTA RICAN SKIPPERLING
     (Range: in Costa Rica)
     
     
464. Dalla octomaculata  ______
     EIGHT-SPOTTED SKIPPERLING
     (Range: in Costa Rica)
     
     
465. Dalla lysis  ______ 
     LYSIS SKIPPERLING
     (Range: in Costa Rica)
     
     
466. Dalla eryonas  ______
     CENTRAL AMERICAN SKIPPERLING  
     (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)
     
     
467. Dalla frater  ______
     FRATER SKIPPERLING
     (Range: Panama to Bolivia)
     
     
468. Dalla diraspes  ______
     WIDESPREAD SKIPPERLING
     (Range: Costa Rica to southern Brazil)  
     
     
     Genus DARDARINA
     
     
469. Dardarina dardaris  ______
     DARDARIS SKIPPERLING
     (Range: northwest Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
     Subfamily HESPERIINAE: BRANDED (or GRASS) SKIPPERS
     This group is comprised of more than 2,000 species worldwide. 
     
     Subfamily HESPERIINAE, Tribe ANTHOPTINI 
     
     
     Genus SYNAPTE: including FACETED-SKIPPERS
     
     
470. Synapte cynaxa  ______  (MCA:225)
     BLACK-VEINED RUBY-EYE
     (Range: southern Mexico to Costa Rica) 
     
     
471. Synapte syraces  ______  (AZ:381) (MCA:212) (PW:40)
     BOLD FALCATED-SKIPPER
     (Range: western Mexico, El Salvador) 
     
     
472. Synapte shiva  ______  (MCA:212)  (species described in 1955)
     FADED FALCATED-SKIPPER
     (Range: western Mexico to Nicaragua)
     
     
473. Synapte salenus salenus  ______  (MCA:212) (PE:text)
     SALENUS FALCATED-SKIPPER
     (Range: north Mexico to Colombia, rare stray north to Texas) 
     
     
474. Synapte puma  ______  (MCA:212)  (species described in 1955)
     PANAMANIAN FALCATED-SKIPPER  (or Puma Faceted-Skipper)
     (or Puma Faceted-Skipper)
     (Range: Panama)
     
     
475. Synapte pecta  ______  (species described in 1955)
     (species described in 1955)
     NORTHERN FALCATED-SKIPPER
     (Range: south Texas to Costa Rica)
     
     
476. Synapte silius  ______  (MCA:212)
     RAIN-FOREST FALCATED-SKIPPER  (or Orange-edged Faceted-Skipper)
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Argentina)
     
     
477. Synapte lutelenta  ______
     WHITENED FALCATED-SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador) 
      
     
     Genus FALGA
     
     
478. Falga sciras  ______  
     SCIRAS SKIPPER
     (Range: southern Mexico to Costa Rica) 
     
     
     Subfamily HESPERIINAE, Tribe MONCINI 
     
     
     Genus LENTO
     
     
479. Lento hermione hermione  ______
     HERMIONE SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Panama)
     
     
480. Lento xanthina  ______
     XANTHINA SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela) 
     
     
     Genus ZARIASPES: UNDERSKIPPERS
     
     
481. Zariaspes mys  ______  (MCA:210)
     MYS SKIPPER  (or Spade-marked Underskipper)
     (Range: Mexico to Paraguay and southern Brazil)
     
     
     Genus CANTHA
     
     
482. Cantha roraimae  ______
     RORAIMA SKIPPER
     (Range: southern Mexico and Belize to northern Brazil) 
     
     
     Genus ANTHOPTUS: UNDERSKIPPERS
     
     
483. Anthoptus epictetus  ______  (MCA:210)
     TRAILSIDE SKIPPER  (or Trailside Underskipper)
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Argentina)
     
     
484. Anthoptus inculta  ______
     INCULTA SKIPPER
     (Range: southern Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
485. Anthoptus insignis  ______  (MCA:215)
     IMMACULATE SKIPPER  (or Ferruginous Underskipper)
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
486. Anthroptus maracanae  ______
     TRINIDADIAN SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama to Trinidad and Tobago) 
     
     
     Genus PROPAPIAS
     
     
487. Propapias sipariana  ______
     SIPARIANA SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama to Argentina)
     
     
     Genus VINIUS
     
     
488. Vinius sagitta  ______
     SAGITTA SKIPPER
     (Range: Nicaragua to the Upper Amazon)
     
     
489. Vinius tryhana tyhana  ______  (MCA:210)
     GOLD-WASHED SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Costa Rica, Guyana, Trinidad)
     
     
     Genus VINPEIUS
     
     
490. Vinpeius tinga  ______  (species described in 1955)
     FREEMAN'S SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to El Salvador)
     
     
     Genus PHERAEUS
     
     
491. Pheraeus odilia epidius  ______
     SNAZZY SKIPPER
     (Range: Nicaragua to Colombia) 
     
     
     Genus APAUSTUS
     
     
492. Apaustus gracilis gracilis  ______
     DELICATE SKIPPER
     (Range: Nicaragua to Ecuador)
     
     
493. Apaustus menes  ______
     MENES SKIPPER
     (Range: Nicaragua to the upper Amazon)
     
     
     Genus CALLIMORMUS:  BROWN-SKIPPERS
     
     
494. Callimormus saturtnus  ______  (MCA:213)
     SATURNUS SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Paraguay and southern Brazil) 
     
     
495. Callimormus juventus  ______  (MCA:213)
     JUVENTUS SKIPPER  
     (Range: southern Mexico to Argentina)
     
     
496. Callimormus radiola radiola  ______  (MCA:213)
     RADIANT SKIPPER  (or Radiant Brown-Skipper)
     (Range: southern Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
497. Callimormus alsimo  ______
     ALSIMO SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama to southern Brazil) 
     
     
     Genus VIRGA:  BROWN-SKIPPERS
     
     
498. Virga virginius  ______  (MCA:213)
     VIRGINIUS SKIPPER  (or Yellow-veined Brown-Skipper) 
     (Range: southern Mexico to the upper Amazon) 
     
     
499. Virga xantho  ______
     XANTHO SKIPPER
     (Range: Nicaragua to Ecuador) 
     
     
     Genus PARPHORUS: BROWN-SKIPPERS
     
     
500. Parphorus decora  ______  (MCA:213)
     DECORA SKIPPER  (or Decorated Brown-Skipper)
     (Range: southeast Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
501. Parphorus storax storax  ______  (MCA:213)
     STORAX SKIPPER  (or Velvet-streaked Brown-Skipper)
     (Range: southeast Mexico to southern Brazil) 
     
     
502. Parphorus oeagrus  ______
     TAWNY-WASHED SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica)
     
     
503. Parphorus oca  ______  (species described in 1955)
     OCA SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama to Peru)
     
     
504. Parphorus granta  ______  (species described in 1955) 
     GRANTA SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama)
     
     
505. Parphorus sapala  ______
     SAPALA SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama to Peru)
     
     
506. Parphorus jaguar  ______  (species described in 2008) 
     STEINHAUSER'S SKIPPER
     (Range: Nicaragua, Guyana)
     
     
     Genus VEHILIUS: BROWN-SKIPPERS
     
     
507. Vehilius stictomenes illudenis  ______  (MCA:213)
     PASTURE SKIPPER  (or Pasture Brown-Skipper)
     (Range: Mexico to Panama)
     
     
508. Vehilius inca  ______  (MCA:218)
     INCA SKIPPER  (or Inca Brown-Skipper)
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina)
     
     
509. Vehilius vetula  ______
     VETULA SKIPPER
     (Range: Nicaragua to Bolivia)
     
     
     MNASITHEUS: BROWN-SKIPPERS
     
     
510. Mnasithexus patage  ______
     BLACK-VEINED SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
511. Mnasitheus chrysophrys  ______  (MCA:214)
     CHRYSOPHYRS SKIPPER  (or Yellow-legged Brown-Skipper)
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Paraguay and southern Brazil)
       
     
512. Mnasitheus nitra  ______  (MCA:214)  (species described in 1955)
     NITRA SKIPPER  (or Gold-dusted Brown-Skipper)
     (Range: Mexico. Belize, Guatemala to southern Brazil)
     
     
513. Mnasiheus cephoides  ______
     CEPHOIDES SKIPPER
     (Range: Belize to southern Brazil)
     
     
514. Mnasitheus simplicissima  ______  (MCA:214)
     STRANGE-STIGMA SKIPPER  (or Christmas Brown-Skipper)
     (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia)
     
     
     Genus MNASICLES: BROWN-SKIPPERS
     
     
515. Mnasicles geta  ______  (MCA:214)
     VIOLET-FROSTED SKIPPER  (or Frosted Brown-Skipper)
     (Range: Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
516. Mnasicles hicetaon  ______  (MCA:214)
     GRAY SKIPPER  (or Gray Brown-Skipper)
     (Range: west Mexico and the Yucatan to Trinidad and Paraguay)
     
     
     Genus MNASEAS: BROWN-SKIPPERS 
     
     
517. Mnaseas bicolor  ______  (MCA:215)
     DULL SKIPPER  (or Bicolored Brown-Skipper)
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Panama)
     
     
518. Mnaseas macia  ______  (species described in 1955)
     MACIA SKIPPER
     (Range: Nicaragua, Colombia, Ecuador)     
     
     
     Genus EPRIUS: BROWN-SKIPPERS
     
     
519. Eprius veleda veleda  ______  (MCA:214)
     VELEDA SKIPPER  (or Godman's Brown-Skipper)
     (Range: Mexico to Bolivia) 
     
     
     Genus EUTOCUS: BROWN-SKIPPERS
     
     
520. Eutocus facilis  ______  (MCA:214)
     FACILIS SKIPPER  (or Plain Brown-Skipper)
     (Range: southern Mexico to Bolivia)
     
     
521. Eutocus matildae vinda  ______  (subspecies described in 1955)
     PURPLE-SHADED SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia and southern Brazil)
     
     
522. Eutocus vetulus velutus  ______
     VETULUS SKIPPER
     (Range: Nicaragua and Costa Rica)   
     
     
     Genus REPENS: BROWN-SKIPPERS
     
     
523. Repens florus  _______  (MCA:214)
     FALSE ROADSIDE-SKIPPER  (or Confused Brown-Skipper)
     (Range: Mexico to Nicaragua)  
     
     
     Genus LUDENS
     
     
524. Ludens ludens  ______
     LUDENS SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to Argentina)
     
     
     Genus INGLORIUS
     
     
525. Inglorius mediocris  ______ (species described in 1997)
     MEDIOCRE SKIPPER
     (Range: southern Mexico, Belize, northern Guatemala) 
     
     
     Genus METHION: BROWN-SKIPPER
     
     
526. Methion melas  _______  (MCA:214)
     RUSTY SKIPPER  (or Rusty Brown-Skipper)
     (Range: southern Mexico, Guatemala)   
     
     
     Genus METHIONOPSIS: BROWN-SKIPPERS
     
     
527. Methionopsis ina  ______  (MCA:214)
     INA SKIPPER  (or Ina Brown-Skipper)
     (Range: Mexico to Paraguay and southern Brazil)
     
     
528. Methionopsis dolor  ______
     DOLOR SKIPPER
     (Range: Belize and Guatemala to Guyana and Peru) 
     
     
529. Methionopsis typhon  ______  (MCA:214)
     TYPHON SKIPPER  (or Typhon Brown-Skipper)
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Costa Rica) 
     
     
     Genus THARGELLA: BROWN-SKIPPER 
     
     
530. Thargella caura caura  _______  (MCA:214)
     ROUND-WINGED SKIPPER  (or Chocolate Brown-Skipper)
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Bolivia and central Brazil) 
      
     
     Genus CORTICEA: BROWN-SKIPPERS
     
     
531. Corticea corticea ______ (K:311) (MCA:215) (PE:33)
     REDUNDANT SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil,  a rare stray to south Texas)
     
     
532. Corticea lysias lysias  ______  (MCA:215)
     LYSIAS SKIPPER  (or Guatemalan Brown-Skipper)
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Panama)
     
     
     Genus LUCIDA
     
     
533. Lucida lucia oebasus  ______
     MOTTLED SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)  
     
     
     Genus PHANES: BROWN-SKIPPERS
     
     
534. Phanes almoda  ______  (MCA:215)
     ALMODA SKIPPER  (or Beautiful Brown-Skipper)
     (Range: southeast Mexico to southern Brazil)   
     
     
535. Phanes aletes  ______  (MCA:215)
     JEWELED SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)  
     
     
     Genus SODALIA
     
     
536. Sodalia sodalis  ______  
     SODALIS SKIPPER
     (Range: Nicaragua to southern Brazil)
     
     
     Genus MNESTHEUS
     
     
537. Mnestheus ittona  ______
     ITTONA SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia)
     
     
     Genus ARTINES:  PEACOCK-SKIPPERS
     
     
538. Artinea aepitus  ______
     WIDESPREAD PEACOCK-SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama to southern Brazil)
     
     
539. Artinea rica  ______  (species described in 1993)
     COSTA RICAN PEACOCK-SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica) 
     
     
     Genus SATURNUS
     
     
540. Saturnus reticulata obscurus  ______  (MCA:215)
     BELL'S SKIPPER  (or Skid-marked Skipper)
     (Range: Mexico to Panama)
     
     
     Genus PHIEBODES
     
     
541. Phiebodes campo sifax  ______  (subspecies described in 1955)
     SIFAX SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to the Amazon basin)
     
     
542. Phiebodes eteocla  ______
     ETEOCLA SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to Argentina)
     
     
     Genus JOANNA
     
     
543. Joanna joanna  ______  (species described in 1955)
     JOANNA'S SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Panama)
     
     
     Genus VIDIUS
     
     
544. Vidius perigenes  ______ (K:311) (MCA:211) (PE:33)
     PALE-RAYED SKIPPER
     (Range: far-southern Texas to Colombia)
     
     
     Genus MUCIA
     
     
545. Mucia zygia  _______  (MCA:215)
     BLACK-DOTTED SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina) 
     
     
546. Mucia gulala  ______
     GULALA SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama to Bolivia and southern Brazil)
     
     
     Genus REMELLA
     
     
547. Remella duena  ______  (MCA:216)  (species described in 1955) 
     GUATEMALAN REMELLA  (or Narrow-banded Remella)
     (Range: southern Mexico to Guatemala)  
     
     
548. Remella remus  ______  (MCA:216)
     BLACK-SPOT REMELLA  (or Whitened Remella)
     (Range: Mexico to Paraguay and southern Brazil)
     
     
549. Remella rita  ______  (MCA:216)  (species described in 1955) 
     RITA'S REMELLA
     (Range: Mexico to Panama)
     
     
550. Remella vopiscus  ______  (MCA:216)
     CRYTPIC REMELLA  (or Triangle Remella)
     (Range: southeast Mexico to northern Brazil)
     
     
     Genus MOERIS
     
     
551. Moeris hyagnis hyagnis  ______  (MCA:216)
     HYAGNIS SKIPPER  (or Godman's Skipper)
     (Range: eastern Mexico to Costa Rica)  
     
     
552. Moeris striga stroma  ______  (MCA:216)  (subspecies described in 1955)
     FLAG SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Colombia) 
     
     
     Genus TIGASIS
     
     
553. Tigasis simplex  ______  (MCA:216)
     SIMPLE SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina)
     
     
554. Tigasis nausiphanes  ______
     CLOUD-FOREST SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Panama)
     
     
555. Tigasis zalates  ______  
     ZALATES SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)
     
     
     Genus HALOTUS
     
     
556. Halotus rica  ______
     COSTA RICA SKIPPER
     (Range: western Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
557. Halotus angellus  ______
     ANGELLUS SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica and Panama)
     
     
     Genus NICONIADES
     
     
558. Niconiades incomptus  ______  (species described in 1997)
     HALF-TAILED SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
559. Niconiades xanthaphes  ______
     STUB-TAILED SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama to Uruguay)
     
     
560. Niconiades nikko  ______  
     NIKKO SKIPPER
     (Range: eastern Mexico to Ecuador, Paraguay and southern Brazil)
     
     
561. Niconiades viridis vista  ______  (subspecies described in 1955)
     VISTA SKIPPER
     (Range: southern Mexico to Ecuador)
     
     
562. Niconiades bifurcus  ______  (species described in 2008)
     BIFURCUS SKIPPER
     (Range: Nicaragua)   
     
     
     Genus MONCA
     
     
563. Monca crispinus  (or Monca tyrteus)   ______  (K:309) (MCA:217) (PE:33)
     VIOLET-PATCHED SKIPPER
     (Range: south Texas to Colombia)
     
      
564. Monca telata  ______
     TELATA SKIPPER
     (Range: Belize and Guatemala to Guyana, and Trinidad & Tobago)
     
     
     Genus MORYS
     
     
565. Morys micythus  (includes "compta")  ______  (MCA:217)
     MICYTHUS SKIPPER  (or Rusty Skipper)
     (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)
     
     
566. Morys lyde  ______  (MCA:217)
     VIOLET-STUDDED SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
567. Morys valda  (includes "valerius")  ______  (MCA:217)  (species described in 1955)
     VALDA SKIPPER  (on Happy Skipper) 
     (Range: Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
568. Morys geisa  ______
     GEISA SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica and Trinidad to Argentina)
     
     
     Genus ADLERODEA
     
     
569. Adlerodea petrovna  ______
     PETROVNA SKIPPER
     (Range: south Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
     Genus NASTRA: SWARTHY SKIPPERS
     
      
570. Nastra julia  (or Nastra hoffmanni)  ______ (AZ:271) (MCA:218) (PE:34) (PW:40)
     JULIA'S SKIPPER 
     (Range: Texas & local in southwest US to Costa Rica)
     
     
571. Nastra leucone leucone  ______  (MCA:218)
     LEUCONE SKIPPER  (or Auburn Brown-Skipper)
     (Range: eastern Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
     Genus CYMAENES: BROWN-SKIPPERS
     
     
572. Cymaenes alumna  ______  (MCA:218)
     ALUMNA SKIPPER  (or Butler's Brown Skipper)
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Bolivia and southeast Brazil)
     
     
573. Cymaenes fraus  ______  (MCA:218)
     FROSTY-BANDED SKIPPER  (or Frosty-banded Brown-Skipper)
     (Range: Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
574. Cymaenes laurelolus  ______  (MCA:218)
     LAURELOLUS SKIPPER  (or Inky Brown-Skipper)
     (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)
     
     
575. Cymaenes tripunctus theogenis  ______ (K:309) (MCA:219) (PE:34)
     THOGENIS SKIPPER  (or Three-spotted Skipper)
     (Range: southern Mexico to Paraguay and southern Brazil, also south Florida & West Indies) 
     
     
576. Cymaenes trebius  ______  (K:309) (MCA:218) (PE:34)
     FAWN-SPOTTED SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Colombia, rarely strays to southeast Arizona)
     
     
     Genus LEREMA
     
     
577. Lerema accius  (includes lochius) ______  (AZ:273) (K:309) (MCA:217) (PE:34)
     CLOUDED SKIPPER
     (Range: southern US to Venezuela, strays further north)
     
     
578. Lerema liris ______ (MCA:217) (PE:text)  (species described in 1955) 
     LIRIS SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Costa Rica) 
     
     
579. Lerema lumina  ______  (MCA:217)
     OVERCAST SKIPPER
     (Range: southern Mexico to Colombia)  
     
     
580. Lerema ancillaris  ______  
     PLAIN SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica and Trinidad to the upper Amazon)
     
     
     Genus MNASILUS
     
     
581. Mnasilus allubita  ______
     BUTLER'S SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Paraguay and southern Brazil)  
     
     
     Genus COBALOPSIS
     
     
582. Cobalopsis autumna  ______  (MCA:219)
     AUTUMNA SKIPPER
     (Range: southeast Mexico to southern Brazil) 
     
     
583. Cobalopsis nero (or zetus)  ______  (MCA:219)
     NERO SKIPPER
     (Range: southern Mexico to Paraguay and southern Brazil)
     
     
584. Cobalopsis latonia  ______  
     LATONIA SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica and Panama)
     
     
585. Cobalopsis miaba
     MIABA SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to Paraguay and southern Brazil)
     
     
     Genus PAPIAS
     
     
586. Papias dictys  ______  (MCA:220)
     BOTTOM-SPOTTED SKIPPER (or Cheerful Skipper)
     (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)
     
     
587. Papias phaeomelas  ______  (MCA:220)
     HUBNER'S SKIPPER  (or Geyer's Skipper)
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Ecuador and the upper Amazon)  
     
     
588. Papias phainis (or sobrinus)  ______  (MCA:220)
     SOMBER SKIPPER
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Peru and Uruguay) 
     
     
589. Papias subcostulata (or infuscata)  ______  (MCA:220)
     JUNGLE SKIPPER
     (Range: southern Mexico to Paraguay and southern Brazil)
     
     
590. Papias trimacula  ______  (species described in 1973)
     THREE-DOTTED SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica and Panama) 
     
     
     Genus ARITA
     
     
591. Arita arita (or Thoon wellingi)  ______  (MCA:220)
     ARITA SKIPPER  (or Yellow-bellied Skipper)
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Argentina)  
     
     
     Genus TURESIS: THOONS
     
     
592. Turesis complanula  ______  (MCA:221)
     COMPLANULA SKIPPER  (or Guatemalan Thoon)
     Range: southeast Mexico to southern Brazil) 
     
     
593. Turesis theste  ______
     THESTE SKIPPER
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
     Genus THOON
     
     
594. Thoon modius  ______  (MCA:221)
     MOODY SKIPPER  (or Model Thoon)
     (Range: Mexico to Bolivia and the upper Amazon)  
     
     
595. Thoon taxes  ______
     TAXES SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica and Panama)
     
     
596. Thoon aethus  ______
     DISJUNCT SKIPPER
     (Range: Nicaragua, Bolivia)
     
     
597. Thoon opus  ______  (species described in 2008)
     OPUS SKIPPER
     (Range: Nicaragua, Guyana) 
     
     
     Genus EUTYCHIDE
     
     
598. Eutychide complana  ______  (MCA:222)
     COMPLIANT SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Bolivia and the upper Amazon)
     
     
599. Eutychide paria  ______  (MCA:222)
     GOLD-DOT SKIPPER
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Colombia and the upper Amazon) 
     
     
600. Eutychide subcordata ochus  ______  (MCA:222)
     OCHUS SKIPPER  (or Subcord Skipper)
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Costa Rica)  
     
     
601. Eutychide asema  ______
     HONDURAS SKIPPER
     (Range: Honduras)
     
     
     Genus ENOSIS: BROWN-EYES
     
     
602. Enosis achelous  ______  (MCA:222)
     FERRUGINOUS SKIPPER  (or Ferruginous Brown-eye)
     (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)
     
     
603. Enosis immaculata immaculata  ______  (MCA:222)
     IMMACULATE SKIPPER  (or Immaculate Brown-eye)
     (Range: Mexico to Peru)
     
     
604. Enosis uza pruinosa  ______
     BLUE-SPOTTED SKIPPER
     (Range: El Salvador and Nicaragua to Colombia)
     
     
     Genus NAEVOLUS
     
     
605. Naevolus orius  ______  (MCA:223)
     ORIUS SKIPPER  (or Yellow-ringed Skipper)
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil) 
     
     
     Genus TROMBA
     
     
606. Tromba xanthura  ______  (MCA:223)
     YELLOW-WASHED RUBY-EYE  (or Yellow-washed Skipper)
     (Range: Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
     Genus DAMAS
     
     
607. Damas clavus  ______  (MCA:223)
     VIOLET-WASHED SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Bolivia and southern Brazil)
     
     
608. Damas immaculata  ______
     IMMACULATE RUBY-EYE
     (Range: Panama) 
     
     
     Genus ORPHE
     
     
609. Orphe gerasa ______
     GERASA SKIPPER
     (Range: Nicaragua to the Amazon basin)
     
     
610. Orphe vatinius  ______
     VATINIUS SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)
     
     
     Genus JUSTINIA
     
     
611. Justinia norda  (or Justinia "phaetusa")  ______  (species described in 1955)
     FALSE SALIANA
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
612. Justinia gertschi  ______
     GERTSCH'S SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama)  
     
     
613. Justinia justinianus  ______
     JUSTINIANUS SKIPPER
     (Range: Nicaragua)
     
     In Nicaragua as Justinia j. justinianus, but may be Justinia j. dappa.  
     
     
     Genus ARGON
     
     
614. Argon lota  ______  (MCA:223)
     ARGON SKIPPER  (or Inert Skipper)
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina)
     
     
     Genus ONOPHAS
     
     
615. Onophas columbaria columbaria  ______  (MCA:223)
     BLUE-GLOSSED SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Bolivia and central Brazil)  
     
     
616. Onophas chlorocephala  ______
     GREEN-HEADED SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama) 
     
     
     Genus VETTIUS: FANTASTIC SKIPPERS
     
     
617. Vettius coryna conka  ______  (MCA:224)  (subspecies described in 1955)
     Vettius coryna argentus  (ph)  ______  (MCA:224)  (subspecies described in 1969)  subspecies from Mexico to El Salvador 
     SILVER-PLATED SKIPPER  (or Cloud-forest Fantastic Skipper)
     (Range: southern Mexico to Panama)  
     
     
     
     Silver-plated Skipper
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
     
     
618. Vettius diversa maeon  ______  (MCA:224) 
     DIVERSA SKIPPER  (or Split-rayed Fantastic Skipper)
     (Range: Nicaragua to Colombia)
     
     
619. Vettius fantasos  ______ (MCA:224) (PE:text)
     FANTASTIC SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Paraguay, strays to far-southern Texas)
     
     
620. Vettius lefrenaye pica  ______  (MCA:224)
     TWO-TONED SKIPPER  (or Two-toned Fantastic Skipper)
     (Range: southeast Mexico to the upper Amazon) 
     
     
621. Vettius marcus  ______  (MCA:224)
     MARCUS SKIPPER  (or Yellow Fantastic Skipper)
     (Range: southern Mexico to Argentina) 
     
     
622. Vettius onaca  ______  (MCA:224)  (species described in 1955) 
     ONACA SKIPPER  (or Black-spotted Fantastic Skipper)
     (Range: southern Mexico to El Salvador)
     
     
623. Vettius tertianus  ______  (MCA:224)
     BLURRY SKIPPER  (or Blurry Fantastic Skipper)
     (Range: southeast Mexico to the Guianas, Trinidad)
     
     
624. Vettius richardi  ______
     RICHARD'S SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama to Ecuador and Brazil) 
     
     
625. Vettius triangularis  ______
     TRIANGULAR SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama to Amazonas)
     
     
626. Vettius phyllus phyllus  ______
     PHYLLUS SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama to central Brazil)
     
     
627. Vettius chagres  ______  (species described in 1973)
     CHAGRES SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama and Colombia)
     
     
628. Vettius aurelius  ______
     AURELIUS SKIPPER
     (Range: Guatemala to central Brazil)  
     
     
629. Vettius artona  ______
     WHITE-VEINED SKIPPER
     (Range: Nicaragua to southern Brazil) 
     
     
     Genus PARACARYSTUS
     
     
630. Paracarystus hypargyra  ______
     HYPARGYRA SKIPPER  
     (Range: southeast Mexico to southern Brazil) 
     
     
     Genus STYRIODES
     
     
631. Styriodes quadrinotata  ______
     FOUR-MARKED SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica and Panama)
     
     
632. Styriodes lyco  ______
     LYCO SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)
     
     
633. Styriodes dedecora  (or Styriodes quaka)  ______
     DEDECORA SKIPPER
     (Range: southern Mexico to Ecuador) 
     
     
634. Styriodes zeteki  ______
     ZETEKI'S SKIPPER
     (Range: Guatemala, Panama)
     
     
     Genus DION
     
     
635. Dion gemmatus  ______
     GEMMED SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica and Panama)
     
     
     Genus VERTICA: RUBY-EYES
     
     
636. Vertica verticalis coatepeca  ______  (MCA:225)
     VERTICAL SKIPPER  (or Pale-veined Ruby-eye)
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
637. Vertica subrufescens  ______
     SUBRUFESCENS SKIPPER
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
638. Vertica ibis  ______
     IBIS SKIPPER
     (Range: southeast Mexico, Bolivia)   
     
     
     Genus CARYSTUS: RUBY-EYES
     
     
639. Carystus ploetzi  ______  (species described in 2002)
     PLOETZ'S RUBY-EYE
     (Range: Mexico to Peru and central Brazil)  
     
     
640. Carystus phorcus phorcus  ______  (MCA:225)
     WHITE-PATCHED RUBY-EYE  (or Brown-and-gray Ruby-eye)
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina)
     
     
     Genus TISIAS:  RUBY-EYES
     
     
641. Tisias quadrata hermoda  ______  
     QUADRATE RUBY-EYE
     (Range: Panama to Ecuador)
     
     
642. Tisias myna  ______  
     MYNA RUBY-EYE
     (Range: Costa Rica and Panama)  
     
     
     Genus LYCAS: RUBY-EYE
     
     
643. Lycas argentea  ______  (MCA:225)
     SILVERED RUBY-EYE  (or Fantastic Ruby-eye)  
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina)
       
     
     Genus COBALUS: RUBY-EYE
     
     
644. Cobalus fidicula  ______  (MCA:225)
     WHITE-CENTERED RUBY-EYE  (or White-patched Ruby-eye)
     (Range: southern Mexico to Panama)
     
     
645. Cobalus virbius virbius  ______  
     WHITE-EDGED RUBY-EYE
     (Range: Costa Rica to Paraguay and southern Brazil)
     
     
     Genus CARYSTOIDES: RUBY-EYES
     
     
646. Carystoides escalantei  ______  (species described in 1969)
     ESCALANTE'S RUBY-EYE
     (Range: Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
647. Carystoides basoches  ______  (MCA:226)
     BASOCHES RUBY-EYE  (or Violaceous Ruby-eye)
     (Range: southern Mexico to Paraguay and southern Brazil) 
     
     
648. Carystoides hondura  ______  (MCA:226)  (species described in 1955) 
     HONDURAN RUBY-EYE
     (Range: Honduras to Costa Rica) 
     
     
649. Carystoides lila  ______  (MCA:226)  (species described in 1955)
     LILA RUBY-EYE
     (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)   
     
     
650. Carystoides lebbaeus lebbaeus  ______ 
     LEBBAEUS RUBY-EYE
     (Range: Costa Rica to northwest Ecuador) 
     
     
651. Carystoides sicania orbius  ______  (MCA:226)
     YELLOW-SPOTTED RUBY-EYE  (or Rusty Ruby-eye)
     (Range: southern Mexico to Ecuador and the Guianas)
     
     
652. Carystoides maroma  ______
     MAROMA RUBY-EYE
     (Range: Panama to the Amazon basin)  
     
     
     Genus MEGALEAS
     
     
653. Megaleas syrna  ______  
     MEGALEAS SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica)
     
     
     Genus TALIDES: RUBY-EYES
     
     
654. Talides alternata  (ph)  ______  (MCA:226)
     ALTERNATE RUBY-EYE  (or Bell's Ruby-eye)
     (Range: southern Mexico to southern Brazil) 
     
     
     
     Alternate Ruby-eye
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
     
     
655. Talides cantra  ______  (MCA:226)  (species described in 1955)
     CANTRA RUBY-EYE  (or Evans' Ruby-eye)
     (Range: southern Mexico to Venezuela and western Ecuador) 
     
     
656. Talides sergestus  ______  (MCA:226)
     SERGESTUS RUBY-EYE  (or Cramer's Ruby-eye)
     (Range: southeast Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
657. Talides hispa  ______  (species described in 1955)
     HISPA SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to western Ecuador, western Brazil)  
     
     
     Genus PERICHARES: RUBY-EYES
     
     
658. Perichares adela  (was Perichares philetes)  ______  (BMCR:96) (K:357) (MCA:227) (PE:text)
     GREEN-BACKED RUBY-EYE
     (Range: south Texas to southern Brazil; also West Indies)   
     
     
659. Perichares poaceaphaga  ______  (species described in 2008)
     GRASS-FEEDING RUBY-EYE
     (Range: Costa Rica)
     
     
660. Perichares geonomaphaga  ______  (species described in 2008)
     GEONOMA-FEEDING RUBY-EYE
     (Range: Costa Rica)
     
     
661. Perichares prestoeaphaga  ______  (species described in 2008)
     PRESTOEA-FEEDING RUBY-EYE
     (Range: Costa Rica)  
     
     
662. Perichares deceptus deceptus  ______  (MCA:227)  
     FLASHER RUBY-EYE  (or Brilliant Ruby-eye)
     (Range: El Salvador to Costa Rica) 
     
     
663. Perichares lotus  ______  (MCA:227)
     LOTUS RUBY-EYE
     (Range: Mexico to Paraguay and southern Brazil)   
     
     
664. Perichares seneca crotona  ______  (MCA:227)  
     SENECA RUBY-EYE  (or Deceptive Ruby-eye)
     (Range: Panama, Venezuela)
     
     
     Genus ORSES: RUBY-EYE
     
     
665. Orses cynisca  ______  (BMCR:96) (MCA:227)
     YELLOW-EDGED RUBY-EYE
     (Range: Mexico to Paraguay and southern Brazil)
     
     
     Genus ALERA
     
     
666. Alera haworthiana  ______  
     GREEN-BANDED RUBY-EYE
     (Range: Panama to southern Brazil)
     
     
     Genus PYRRHOPYGOPSIS
     
     
667. Pyrrhopygopsis agaricon agaricon  ______
     AGARICON SKIPPER
     (Range: southern Costa Rica, Colombia)  
     
     
     Genus DUBIELLA: RUBY-EYE
     
     
668. Dubiella fiscella belpa  ______  (MCA:227)  (species described in 1955)
     YELLOW-STRIPED RUBY-EYE
     (Range: southern Mexico to Ecuador and the Guianas) 
     
     
     Genus CARYSTINA
     
     
669. Carystina aurifer  ______  
     GOLDEN-SPOTTED RUBY-EYE
     (Range: Costa Rica to western Ecuador)
     
     
     Genus LYCHNUCHOIDES: RUBY-EYE
     
     
670. Lychnuchoides saptine  ______  (MCA:227)
     GOLDEN-BANDED RUBY-EYE
     (Range: southern Mexico to Costa Rica)  
     
     
     Genus FLACCILLA
     
     
671. Flaccilla aecas  ______  (MCA:227)
     AECAS RUBY-EYE  (or Milky Ruby-eye)
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
     Genus RHINTHON
     
     
672. Rhinthon osca ______ (MCA:223) (PE:text)
     OSCA SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Ecuador, also West Indies, periodically strays to far-southern Texas)
     
     
673. Rhinthon molion  ______
     BLUE-BASED SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)
     
     
     Genus LERODEA
     
      
674. Lerodea eufala eufala  (ph)  ______  (AZ:319) (K:353) (MCA:247) (PE:39)(PW:43)
     EUFALA SKIPPER
     (Range: southern US to Argentina, also the Lesser Antilles)
     
     
     
     Above & below: the Eufala Skipper
     Above, the butterfly; below, the caterpillar
     (these 3 photos courtesy of Michiel Koomen) 
     
     
     
     Below, again the butterfly of the Eufala Skipper
     
     
     
     
675. Lerodea arabus  (or Lerodea dysaules)  ______  (AZ:319) (MCA:247) (PW:43)
     VIOLET-CLOUDED SKIPPER   (or Olive-clouded Skipper)
     (Range: southern Arizona & south Texas to Costa Rica)
     
     
     Subfamily HESPERIINAE, Tribe CALPODINI 
     
     
     Genus CALPODES:  BRAZILIAN SKIPPER
     
     
676. Calpodes ethlius  ______  (AZ:321) (BMCR:95) (K:357) (MCA:251) (PE:39)(PW:43) (S:44)
     BRAZILIAN SKIPPER (also called the Canna Skipper, as it is common in gardens where Cannas are grown, on which the larva feeds)
     (Range: southern US to Argentina, also West Indies)
     
     
     Genus PANOQUINA
     
     
677. Panoquina panoquinoides panoquinoides  ______ (K:355) (MCA:248) (PE:39)
     OBSCURE SKIPPER
     (Range: southern US to Costa Rica, also West Indies)
     
     
678. Panoquina ocola ocola  ______ (K:355) (MCA:248) (PE:39)(PW:43)
     OCOLA SKIPPER
     (Range: Texas to Argentina, also Greater Antilles)
     
     
679. Panoquina hecebola ______ (K:355) (MCA:248) (PE:39)
     HECEBOLUS SKIPPER
     (Range: north Mexico to Paraguay, regular stray to far-southern Texas) 
     
     
680. Panoquina lucas  (or Panoquina sylvicola) ______  (AZ:383) (K:357) (PE:39)(PW:43)
     PURPLE-WASHED SKIPPER
     (Range: north Mexico to Argentina, also West Indies, and regular stray to south Texas)
     
     
681. Panoquina evansi  ______  (MCA:248)
     EVANS' SKIPPER
     (Range: south Texas to western Panama)  
     
     
682. Panoquina fusina sonta  ______ (K:357) (PEp:402)
     FUSINA SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama and Colombia)
     
     
683. Panoquina pauper pauper  ______  (MCA:248)
     PAUPER SKIPPER  (or Poor Panoquin) 
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
684. Panoquina evadnes  ______  (MCA:248)
     EVADNES SKIPPER  (or Nubby-banded Panoquin)
     (Range: southern Mexico to Argentina)
     
     
     Genus ZENIS
     
     
685. Zenis jebus hemizona  (or Zenis janka)  ______  (MCA:249)
     PURPLE-STAINED SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Peru and the Guianas)
     
     
686. Zenis minos  ______  (MCA:249)
     MINOS SKIPPER  (or Dyar's Skipper)
     (Range: Mexico to Costa Rica, and southern Brazil)    
     
     
     Genus SALIANA:  SALIANAS
     
     
687. Saliana chiomara  ______
     CHIOMARA SALIANA
     (Range: Panama to Peru and Brazil)
     
     
688. Saliana triangularis  ______  (MCA:250)
     TRIANGULAR SALIANA  (or Kaye's Saliana)
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina)
     
     
689. Saliana fusta  ______  (MCA:252)  (species described in 1955)
     SUFFUSED SALIANA  (or Fuzzy Saliana)
     (Range: Mexico to Bolivia and Brazil)  
     
     
690. Saliana placens  ______
     OCHREOUS SALIANA
     (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)
     
     
691. Saliana hewitsoni  ______  (MCA:252)
     GREEN SALIANA  (or Bronze Saliana)
     (Range: Mexico to Bolivia)
     
     
692. Saliana esperi esperi  ______  (MCA:252)  (subspecies described in 1955) 
     PERCHING SALIANA
     (Range: Mexico to Bolivia and southern Brazil)
     
     
693. Saliana antoninus  ______  (MCA:252)
     PERSISTENT SALIANA  (or Yellow-based Saliana)
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
694. Saliana longirostris  ______  (MCA:252)
     SHY SALIANA
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
695. Saliana morsa  ______  (species described in 1955)
     MORSA SALIANA
     (Range: Panama to the Amazon basin)
     
     
696. Saliana salius  ______  (MCA:252)
     SULLIED SALIANA
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil and Uruguay)
     
     
697. Saliana saladin saladin  ______  (MCA:252)  (subspecies described in 1955)
     VIOLET-TIPPED SALIANA
     (Range: southern Mexico to Peru)
     
     
698. Saliana severus  ______  (MCA:253)
     DARK SALIANA
     (Range: southern Mexico to Ecuador) 
     
     
     Genus THRACIDES
     
     
699. Thracides phidon  ______  (MCA:253)
     JEWEL-STUDDED SKIPPER  (or Common Mimic-Skipper) 
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
700. Thracides thrasea  ______
     THRASEA SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to the Amazon basin and Bolivia)
     
     
701. Thracides nanea nida  ______  (subspecies described in 1955) 
     NANEA SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)
     
     
702. Thracides joannisii  ______
     JOANNIS' SKIPPER 
     (Range: Panama to Ecuador)
     
     
703. Thracides arcalaus  ______
     YELLOW-SPOTTED RUBY-EYE
     (Range: southern Mexico to the Amazon basin) 
     
     
     Genus AIDES:  SILVERPATCHES
     
     
704. Aides duma argyrina  (or epitus)  ______  (species described in 1970)
     DUMA SILVERPATCH
     (Range: Panama to southern Brazil)
     
     
705. Aides brilla  ______  (MCA:250)  (species described in 1970)
     BRILLIANT SILVERPATCH
     (Range: Mexico, Guatemala, Belize)  
     
     
706. Aides dysoni  ______  (MCA:250)
     DYSON'S SILVERPATCH    
     (Range: Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
707. Aides brino  ______
     BRINO SILVERPATCH
     (Range: Honduras, Colombia to northern Brazil)
     
     
708. Aides aegita  ______
     AEGITA SILVERPATCH
     (Range: Panama to Bolivia and Brazil) 
     
     
709. Aides ocrinus  ______
     OCRINUS SILVERPATCH   
     (Range: Panama, Colombia, French Guiana)
     
     
     Genus NEOXENIADES
     
     
710. Neoxeniades luda  ______  (MCA:253)
     LUDA SKIPPER  (or Frosted Mimic-Skipper) 
     (Range: Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
711. Neoxeniades pluviasilva  ______  (species described in 2007)
     PLUVIASILVA SKIPPER
     (Range: Nicaragua and Costa Rica)
     
     
712. Neoxeniades seron seron  ______
     SERON SKIPPER
     (Range: Honduras, Colombia) 
     
     
     Genus AROMA
     
     
713. Aroma aroma  ______
     AROMA SKIPPER
     (Range: Nicaragua to Peru and northern Brazil)
     
     
714. Aroma henricus henricus  ______  
     HENRICUS SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to Peru)
     
     
     Subfamily HESPERIINAE, Tribe THYMELICINI  
     
     
     Genus ANCYLOXYPHIA
     
     
715. Ancyloxyphia arene  ______  (AZ:277) (K:305) (MCA:211) (PE:text) (PW:40)
     TROPICAL LEAST SKIPPER
     (Range: southwest US to Costa Rica)
     
     
     Genus COPAEODES: SKIPPERLINGS
     
     
716. Copaeodes minimus  ______  (AZ:277) (K:305) (MCA:211) (PE:34)(PW:40)
     SOUTHERN SKIPPERLING
     (Range: southern US to Costa Rica)
     
     
717. Copaeodes aurantiacus  ______  (AZ:275) (K:305) (MCA:211) (PE:34)(PW:40)
     ORANGE SKIPPERLING
     (Range: southwest US to Guatemala)
     
     
     Subfamily HESPERIINAE, Tribe MEGATHYMINI:  GIANT-SKIPPERS
     
     
     Genus AGATHYMUS
     
     
718. Agathymus indecisa  ______  (MCA:255)
     GUATEMALAN GIANT-SKIPPER
     (Range: Chiapas, Mexico to Costa Rica) 
     
     
719. Agathymus rethon  ______  (MCA:254)
     BLACK GIANT-SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to El Salvador)
     
     
     Subfamily HESPERIINAE, Tribe HESPERIINI 
     
     
     Genus DECINAE
     
     
720. Decinea decinea derisor  ______
     HUASTECAN SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to the Amazon basin)  
     
     
721. Decinea lucifer  ______  (MCA:228)
     LUCIFER SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina)  
     
     
722. Decinea percosius ______ (K:311) (MCA:228) (PE:34)
     DOUBLE-DOTTED SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Guyana, periodically far-southern Texas)
     
     
723. Decinea zapota  ______  (MCA:228)  
     ZAPOTA SKIPPER
     (Range: Guatemala)  
     
     
     Genus CONGA
     
     
724. Conga chydaea ______ (K:311) (MCA:228) (PE:text)
     HIDDEN-RAY SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina, rare stray to far-southern Texas)
     
     
     Genus ORTHOS
     
     
725. Orthos orthos orthos  ______
     ORTHOS SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama, Trinidad, Peru)
     
     
726. Orthos gabina  ______  (MCA:228)
     GABINA SKIPPER
     (Range: eastern Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
727. Orthos lycortas  ______  (MCA:228)
     LYCORTAS SKIPPER  (or Blotchy Skipper)
     (Range: eastern Mexico, Belize)
     
     
     Genus CYNEA
     
     
728. Cynea anthracinus  ______  (MCA:229)
     Cynea anthracinus anthracinus  ______  subspecies southern Mexico, Guatemala
     Cynea anthracinus holomelas  ______  subspecies Costa Rica to Peru, the Guianas 
     ANTHRACINUS SKIPPER  (or Two-toned Cynea)
     
     
729. Cynea corope  ______  (MCA:229) 
     COROPE SKIPPER  (or Tufted Cynea)
     (Range: Belize, Nicaragua) 
     
     
730. Cynea cynea  ______  (MCA:229)
     CYNEA SKIPPER  (or Hewitson's Cynea)
     (Range: southern Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
731. Cynea diluta  ______  (MCA:229)
     DILUTED SKIPPER  (or Chocolate Cynea)
     (Range: southern Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
732. Cynea irma  ______  (MCA:229)
     FOGGED CYNEA
     (Range: eastern Mexico to southern Brazil) 
     
     
733. Cynea megalops  (or Papias nigrans)  ______  (MCA:229)
     MEGALOPS SKIPPER  (or Lesser Cynea) 
     (Range: Mexico to western Ecuador)  
     
     
734. Cynea corisana  ______
     CORISANA SKIPPER
     (Range: Nicaragua to Venezuela)
     
     
735. Cynea popla  ______  (species described in 1955)
     POPLA SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama to southern Brazil, Trinidad) 
     
     
     Genus SUCOVA
     
     
736. Sucova sucova  (or Cynea fista)  ______  (MCA:229)
     SUCOVA SKIPPER  (or Yellow-legged Cynea)
     (Range: southern Mexico to southern Brazil)  
     
     
     Genus HYLEPHILA
     
     
737. Hylephila phyleus  (or Hylephila muertovalle)  (ph)  ______  (AZ:279) (K:303) (MCA:230) (PE:35)(PW:40)   
     Hylephila phyleus phyleus  ______  (BMCR:95)  
     FIERY SKIPPER
     (Range: southern US to Argentina, wanders north in the US)
     
     
     
     Fiery Skipper
     (photo by Rise Hill)
     
     
     Genus POLITES
     
     
738. Polites subreticulata  ______  (MCA:232)
     SUBRETICULATE SKIPPER  (or Reticulated Skipper)
     (Range: Mexico to Costa Rica) 
     
     
739. Polites vibex praeceps ______ (K:303) (MCA:230) (PE:35)(PW:41)
     WHIRLABOUT
     (Range: southeast US to Trinidad, Venezuela, Ecuador, also another subspecies in the West Indies)
     
     
     Genus WALLENGRENIA
     
     
740. Wallengrenia otho otho  ______ (K:327) (MCA:242) (PE:36)
     Wallengrenia otho clavus  (or Wallengrenia curassavica)  ______ 
     SOUTHERN BROKEN DASH 
     (Range for W. o. otho: southeast US and Mexico to Costa Rica)
     (Range:for W. o. clavus, the PALE SOUTHERN BROKEN DASH: Mexico to Peru and northern Brazil)  
     
     
     Genus POMPEIUS:  GLASSYWINGS
     
     
741. Pompeius pompelus  ______  (MCA:242)
     POMPEIUS SKIPPER  (or Common Glassywing)
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina)
     
     
742. Pompeius dares  ______  (MCA:230)
     DARES SKIPPER  (or Fiery Glassywing)
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
743. Pomeius amblyspila  ______
     AMBLYSPILA SKIPPER
     (Range: Nicaragua (possibly) and Colombia to Argentina 
      
     
     Genus ATALOPEDES
     
     
744. Atalopedes campestris huron  (ph)  ______  (AZ:287) (K:303) (MCA:231) (PE:37)(PW:42)
     SACHEM
     (Range for A. c. huron: strays to the eastern US, also Mexico to Ecuador, Venezuela, Brazil)
     
     
     
     Sachem
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
     Genus POANES
     
     
745. Poanes zabulon  ______  (BMCR:96) (MCA:235)
     ZABULON SKIPPER
     (Range: parts of the US, and from Mexico to Panama)
     
     
746. Poanes inimica  ______  (MCA:235)
     YELLOW-STAINED SKIPPER  (or Inimical Skipper) 
     (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)
     
     
747. Poanes niveolimbus  ______  (MCA:237)
     SNOW-FRINGED SKIPPER  (or Cloud-forest Poan)
     (Range: southern Mexico and Guatemala)
     
     
     Genus PARATRYONE
     
     
748. Paratryone browni  ______  (species described in 1959)
     BROWN'S SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica)
     
     
     Genus NEOCHIODES
     
     
749. Neochiodes maculosus  ______  (species described in 2001)
     MACULOSUS SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica, at Cerro Echandi, 7200 feet, in Puntarenas)
     
     
     Genus ONESPA
     
     
750. Onespa nubis  ______ (MCA:234)  (species described in 1974)
     NUBIS SKIPPER
     (Range: southern Mexico to El Salvador)
     
     
751. Onespa nakamura  ______  (species described in 2009)
     NAKAMURA'S SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica, San Jose) 
     
     
     Genus BUZYGES
     
     
752. Buzyges idothea  ______  (MCA:210)
     IDOTHEA SKIPPER  (or Yellow-clubbed Skipper)
     (Range: Costa Rica)  
     
     
753. Buzyges rolla  ______
     ROLLA SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica and Panama)
     
     
754. Buzyges mellanaformis  ______  (species described in 2009)
     MELLANA-LIKE SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica)
     
     
     Genus LIBRITA
     
     
755. Librita librita  ______  (MCA:242)
     LIBRITA SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico and Guatemala)
     
     
     Genus NEPOSA
     
     
756. Neposa isabelae  ______  (species described in 2009)
     ISABEL'S SKIPPER
     (Range: Guatemala) 
     
     
     Genus ANATRYTONE
     
     
757. Anatrytone mazai  ______  (MCA:241)  (species described in 1969)
     DE LA MAZA'S SKIPPER  (or Glowing Skipper)
     (Range: Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
758. Anatrytone potosiensis  ______  (MCA:241)  (species described in 1969)
     POTOSI SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Honduras)
     
     
759. Anatrytone mella  ______  (MCA:241)
     MELLA SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Peru)  
     
     
     Genus QUASIMELLANA:  MELLANAS
     
     
760. Quasimellana mexicana  ______  (MCA:238)
     MEXICAN MELLANA  (or Large Mellana)
     (Range: Mexico, Belize, Guatemala) 
     
     
761. Quasimellana eulogius  ______  (MCA:238) (PE:37)
     COMMON MELLANA
     (Range: north Mexico to Brazil, periodically strays to far-south Texas)
     
     
762. Quasimellana balsa  ______  (MCA:239)
     SULLIED MELLANA  (or Blushing Mellana)
     (Range western Mexico to El Salvador)
     
     
763. Quasimellana aurora  ______  (MCA:239)
     BRIGHT MELLANA
     (Range: western Mexico to El Salvador)
     
     
764. Quasimellana nayana  ______  (MCA:239)
     NAYARIT MELLANA  (or Bordered Mellana)
     (Range: western Mexico to Costa Rica, Venezuela)
     
     
765. Quasimellana antipazina  ______  (species described in 1994)
     COSTA RICAN MELLANA
     (Range: Costa Rica)
     
     
766. Quasimellana andersoni  ______  (MCA:240)  (species described in 1994)
     ANDERSON'S MELLANA  (or Small Mellana)
     (Range: eastern Mexico to Costa Rica)  
     
     
767. Quasimellana sethos  ______
     SMALL MELLANA
     (Range: possibly Nicaragua, Panama to Ecuador, possibly Venezuela)
     
     
768. Quasimellana myron  ______  (MCA:240)
     GREENISH MELLANA  (or Blue Mellana)
     (Range: Mexico to Panama)
     
     
769. Quasimellana servilius  (or Quasimellana verba)   ______  (MCA:240)
     GREEN MELLANA  (or Swarthy Mellana)
     (Range: Mexico to Ecuador and Venezuela and Brazil)
     
     
770. Quasimellana fieldi  ______  (MCA:238)
     FIELD'S MELLANA  (or Guatemalan Mellana)
     (Range: eastern Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
     Genus EUPHYES:  SEDGE-SKIPPERS
     
     
771. Euphyes chamuli  ______  (MCA:243)  (species described in 1969)
     CHAMUL SKIPPER  (or Chiapas Sedge-Skipper)
     (Range: southern Mexico and Guatemala)
     
     
772. Euphyes peneia  ______  (MCA:243)
     GUARDPOST SKIPPER  (or Guardpost Sedge-Skipper)
     (Range: Mexico to Ecuador and Brazil)
     
     
773. Euphyes antra  ______  (species described in 1955)
     ANTRA SKIPPER
     (Range: southern Mexico to Peru)
     
     
774. Euphyes ampa  ______  (MCA:243)  (species described in 1955)
     AMPA SKIPPER  (or Ferruginous Sedge-Skipper)
     (Range: southern Mexico to Nicaragua)
     
     
     Genus METRONS
     
     
775. Metron leucogaster leucogaster  ______
     WHITENED METRON
     (Range: Panama and Colombia)
     
     
776. Metron chrysogastra chrysogastra  ______  (MCA:249)
     ORANGE-HEADED METRON
     (Range: Mexico to Venezuela, Trinidad)
     
     
777. Metron zimra  (or Metron fasiata)  ______  (MCA:249)
     OLIVE METRON
     (Range: southern Mexico to Argentina)
     
     
     Genus PHEMIADES
     
     
778. Phemiades rufescens  ______  (species described in 1993)
     RUFOUS SKIPPER
     (Range: southern Mexico and Costa Rica)
     
     
     Genus MOLO
     
     
779. Molo mango  ______
     MANGO SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to central Brazil)
     
     
780. Molo muzo  ______  (species described in 1955)
     MUZO SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)
     
     
781. Molo calcarea ponda  ______  (subspecies described in 1955)
     PONDA SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)
     
     
     Genus RACTA
     
     
782. Racta apella apella  ______  
     APELLA SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)   
     
     
     Genus QUINTA
     
     
783. Quinta cannae  ______  (MCA:235)
     CANNA SKIPPER  (or Mimic Skipper)
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina) 
     
     
     Genus ATRYTONOPSIS
     
     
784. Atrytonopsis ovinia  (or Atrytonopsis zaovinia)  ______  
     OVINIA SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
     Genus TIRYNTHIA
     
     
785. Tirynthia conflua  ______
     CONFLUA SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina)  
     
     
     Genus NYCTELIUS
     
     
786. Nyctelius nyctelius nyctelius  ______
     VIOLET-BANDED SKIPPER  (or Nyctelius Skipper)
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina, also West Indies) 
     
     
     Genus THESPIEUS
     
     
787. Thespieus daiman  ______
     CHALK-MARKED SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina)
     
     
788. Thespieus macareus  ______
     CHESTNUT-MARKED SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Venezuela) 
     
     
789. Thespieus aspernatus  ______
     ASPERNATUS SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Venezuela, Paraguay, southern Brazil)
     
     
790. Thespieus othna tinka  ______  (subspecies described in 1955)
     OTHNA SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama and Colombia)
     
     
     Genus VACERRA
     
     
791. Vacerra litana  ______
     LITANA SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to the Guianas)
     
     
792. Vacerra egla  ______
     EGLA SKIPPER
     (Range: Nicaragua, Panama)
     
     
793. Vacerra gayra  ______  (MCA:251)
     GAYRA SKIPPER  (or Guatemalan Therra)
     (Range: Mexico and Belize) 
     
     
794. Vacerra lachares  ______  (MCA:251)
     LACHARES SKIPPER  (or Godman's Therra)
     (Range: Costa Rica)
     
     
795. Vacerra cervara  ______  (MCA:251)
     CERVARA SKIPPER  (or Steinhauser's Therra)
     (Range: Mexico to Panama)
     
     
796. Vacerra caniola caniola  ______
     CANIOLA SKIPPER
     (Range: Guatemala to Venezuela)
     
     
     Genus LINDRA
     
     
797. Lindra brasus brasus  ______  (subspecies described in 1968)
     BRASUS SKIPPER
     (Range: Belize, Brazil)
     
     
     Genus OXYNTHES
     
     
798. Oxynthes corusca  ______
     CORUSCA SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Bolivia and Brazil)
     
     
     Genus XENIADES 
     
     
799. Xeniades orchamus orchamus  ______   (MCA:249)
     SMEAR-SPOTTED SKIPPER  (or Aladdin's Skipper) 
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina)
     
     
800. Xeniades chalestra pteras  ______  (MCA:249)
     BAND-SPOTTED SKIPPER  (or Smiling Skipper)
     (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)