Amphibians and Reptiles 
of Costa Rica and Panama 


Noting those found during 
Focus On Nature Tours with an (*)

including: 
Salamanders
Toads & Frogs (seen or heard), 
Turtles
Lizards
Snakes

A list compiled by Armas Hill


UPPER RIGHT PHOTO: SPECTACLED CAIMAN  

Links within this List:

AMPHIBIANS:      Caecilians    Salamanders    Toads & Frogs

REPTILES:   Turtles    Crocodile & Caiman    Snakes

Lizards:    Geckos    Basilisks    Iguanas    Anoles    Whiptails  


Other Links:

Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours in Central America      

  Codes:

      (*): seen, or heard, during FONT tours 

        a: sometimes (in southern CR) seen from a low-flying airplane
        b: after dark, at a nesting site on a CR beach. Also, at times, hatchlings seen.

        Threatened species, designated in the IUCN Red Data List: 
        t1: critically endangered (some possibly extinct)
        t2: endangered
        t3: vulnerable

        CR: Costa Rica
        PN: Panama

        In Costa Rica:
        A: Atlantic, or Caribbean, side of the country
        P: Pacific side of the country
        NP: the northern Pacific side
        SP: the southern Pacific side
        H: in the highlands
        N: in northern Costa Rica
        S: in southern Costa Rica  


(xcd):  recording on the CD "Vocalizations of Frogs & Toads from the Barro Colorado Nature Monument, Soberania National Park and adjacent areas" (in central Panama), by Roberto Ibanez D., A. Stanley Rand, Michael J. Ryan, & Cesar A, Jaramillo. 
The "x" above refers to the number noted below of the numerical position on the CD.    
 

      

1. Slender Caecilian ______ CR
   Dermophis parviceps
   
   

2. Purple Caecilian ______ CR    
   Gymnopis multiplicata
   
   
   Order CAUDATA  (Salamanders)
   
   
   Family PLETHODONTIDAE  (Lungless Salamanders)
   
   

3. Alvarado’s Salamander ______ CR
   Bolitoglossa alvaradoi
   
   

4. Ridge-headed Salamander ______ CR
   Bolitoglossa colonnea
   
   

5. Bark-colored Salamander ______ CR
   Bolitoglossa lignicolor
   
   

6. Ring-tailed Salamander ______ CR
   Bolitoglossa robusta
   
   

7. Striated Salamander ______ CR
   Bolitoglossa striatula
   
   

8. Mountain Salamander ______ CR
   Bolitoglossa subpalmata
   
   

9. Worm Salamanders ______ CR
   Oedipina species
   
   
   Order ANURA  (Frogs & Toads)
   
   
   Family RHINOPHRYNIDAE  (Mexican Burrowing Toad)
   
   

10. Mexican Burrowing Toad ______ CR
    Rhinophrynus dorsalis
    |
    
    Family BUFONIDAE  (Toads)  (the Harlequin Frogs are actually in the Toad family)
    
    

11. Chiriqui Harlequin Frog ______ CR
    Atelopus chiriquiensis
    
    

12. Variable Harlequin Frog ______ CR,PN  (also called Veragosa Stubfoot Toad)
    Atelopus varius
    
    

13. Atelopus senex ______ CR
    
    All 3 species of Atelopus have disappeared from areas in CR where they were once common, and may now be extinct.
    
    

14. Crepidophryne epiotica ______ CR (this small obscure toadlet in the Talamanca Mountains is rare)
    
    

15. Dry Forest Toad ______ CR,PN
    Bufo coccifer
    
    

16. Green Climbing Toad (4cd) (*) ______  CR,PN  (also called Evergreen Toad)
    Bufo coniferus
    
    

17. Smooth-skinned Toad (6cd) ______ CR,PN  (also called Litter Toad)
    Bufo haematiticus
    
    

18. Giant Toad (2cd) (*) ______ CR,PN  (also called Marine Toad or Cane Toad)
    Bufo marinus
    
    

19. Golden Toad ______ CR  (also called Monteverde Toad) (apparently extinct)
    Bufo periglenes
    
    

20. Bufo fastidiosus ______ CR (believed extinct)
    
    

21. Bufo holdridgei ______ CR (believed extinct)
    
    

22. Gulf Coast Toad ______ CR
    Bufo valliceps
    
    

23. Bufo granulosus (3cd) ______ PN
    
    

24. Bufo typhonius (5cd) ______ PN
    
    
    During a FONT tour in southern Costa Rica, a Bufo toad was once seen in the forest on a tree-limb agitating birds: hummingbirds, manakins, and trogons. It was Bufo coniferus, the Green Climbing Toad.
    
    
    Family CENTROLENIDAE  (Glass Frogs) (there are 13 species in Costa Rica )
    
    Until 1991, all species in the 3 genera were thought to belong to a single genus, Centrolenella.
    
    

25. Ghost Glass Frog ______ CR
    Centrolenella ilex
    
    

26. Emerald Glass Frog (10cd) ______ CR,PN
    Centrolene prosoblepon
    
    

27. Ilex Grass Frog ______ PN
    Centrolene ilex
    
    

28. Granular Glass Frog (8cd) ______ PN
    Cochranella granulosa
    
    

29. Cochranella spinosa (7cd) ______ PN
    
    

30. Cochranella euknemos (8cd) ______ PN
    
    

31. Fleischmann’s Glass Frog (12cd) ______ CR,PN
    Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni
    
    

32. Reticulated Glass Frog ______ CR,PN
    Hyalinobatrachium valerioi
    
    

33. Hyalinobatrachium pulveratum (11cd) ______ PN
    
    

34. Hyalinobatrachium colymbiphyllum (13cd) ______ PN
    
    
    Family DENDROBATIDAE  (Poison-dart Frogs, or Poison-arrow Frogs)
    
    

35. Talamanca Rocket (or Dart) Frog (15cd) ______ CR,PN
    Colostethus talamancae
    
    

36. Highland Dart Frog ______ PN
    Colostethus nubicola
    
    

37. Colostethus inguinalis (14cd) ______ PN
    
    

38. Colostethus flotator (16cd) ______ PN
    
    

39. Yellow-bellied Dart Frog ______ PN
    Minyobates tulguritus
    
    

40. Minyobates minutus (17cd) ______ PN
    
    

41. Green-and-black Poison-dart Frog (18cd) (*) ______ CR,PN
    Dendrobates auratus
    
    

42. Granular Poison-dart Frog  (*) ______ CR
    Dendrobates grannuliferus
    
    

43. Strawberry Poison-dart Frog  (*) ______ CR,PN  (“Blue-jeans Frog”)
    Dendrobates pumilio
    
    

44. (Yellow-) Striped Poison-dart Frog ______ CR,PN
    Phyllobates lugubris
    
    

45. Golfo Dulce Poison-dart Frog  (*) ______ CR 
    (also called Orange-and-black Poison-dart Frog) (endemic to Costa Rica )
    Phyllobates vittatus
    
    Frogs in the genus Phyllobates have skin toxins that are particularly strong. 
    
    
    Family HYLIDAE  (Tree-Frogs) (There are 43 species in Costa Rica, in 10 genera.)
    
    

46. Red-eyed (or Gaudy) Tree Frog (19cd) (*) ______ CR,PN  (also called Red-eyed Leaf Frog)
    Agalychnis callidryas
    
    

47. Parachuting Red-eyed Leaf  Frog ______ CR  (also called Misfit Leaf Frog)
    Agalychnis saltator
    
    

48. Spurell’s Flying Frog ______ PN
    Agalychnis spurellii
    
    

49. Barred Leaf Frog ______ PN
    Agalychnis calcarifer
    
    

50. Crowned Tree Frog ______ CR,PN
    Anotheca spinosa
    
    

51. Lemur Frog ______ PN
    Phyllomedusa lemur
    
    

52. Red-eyed Stream Frog ______ CR
    Duellmanohyla (formerly Hyla) uranochroa
    
    

53. Hourglass (or Variegated) Tree Frog (25cd) ______ CR,PN
    Hyla ebraccata
    
    

54. Loquacious Tree Frog ______ CR
    Hyla loquax
    
    

55. Small-headed Tree Frog (27cd) ______ CR,PN
    Hyla microcephala
    
    

56. Lowland Fringe-limbed Tree Frog ______ CR
    Hyla miliaria
    
    

57. Veined Tree Frog (26cd) ______ CR,PN
    Hyla phlebodes
    
    

58. Gladiator Tree Frog (23cd) ______ CR,PN
    Hyla rosenbergi
    
    

59. Red-webbed Tree Frog (21cd) ______ PN
    Hyla rufitela
    
    

60. Meadow Tree Frog ______ CR,PN
    Hyla pseudopuma
    
    

61. Boans Tree Frog (22cd) ______ PN
    Hyla boans
    
    

62. Hyla palmeri (20cd) ______ PN
    
    

63. Hyla crepitans (24cd) ______ PN
    
    

64. Milk Frog (cd32) ______ CR,PN  (also called Marbled Rubber Frog)  
    Phrynohyas venulosa
    
    

65. Olive Tree Frog ______ CR,PN
    Scinax elaeochroa
    
    

66. Stauffer’s Tree Frog (28cd) ______ CR,PN
    Scinax staufferi
    
    

67. Boulenger’s Snouted Tree Frog  (31cd) ______ CR,PN
    Scinax boulengeri
    
    

68. Scinax ruber (29cd) ______ PN
    
    

69. Scinax rostratus (30cd) ______ PN
    
    

70. Mexican Tree Frog (or Smilisca) ______ CR
    Smilisca baudinii
    
    

71. Masked Tree Frog (or Smilisca) (33cd) ______ CR,PN
    Smilisca phaeota
    
    

72. Drab Tree Frog (or Smilisca) ______ CR
    Smilisca sordida
    
    

73. Pug-nosed Tree Frog (or Smilisca) (34cd) ______ PN
    Smilisca sila
    
    
    Family LEPTODACTYLIDAE  (Leptodactylid Frogs) (Worldwide, an extremely large family with over 800 rather diverse species, in more than 50 genera. There are about 46 species in Costa Rica.)  
    
    The genus Eleutherodactylus contains more species than any genus in the vertebrates, over 500.
    
    

74. Bransford’s Litter Frog ______ CR,PN
    Eleutherodactylus bransfordii
    
    

75. Clay-colored Rain Frog (38cd) ______ CR,PN
    Eleutherodactylus cerasinus
    
    

76. Golden-groined Rain Frog ______ CR
    Eleutherodactylus cruentus
    
    

77. Common Tink Frog (41cd) ______ CR,PN
    Eleutherodactylus diastema
    
    

78. Common Rain Frog (37cd) ______ CR,PN
    Eleutherodactylus fitzingeri
    
    

79. Broad-headed Rain Frog ______ CR
    Eleutherodactylus megacephalus
    
    

80. Mimicking Rain Frog ______ CR
    Eleutherodactylus mimus
    
    

81. Noble’s Rain Frog ______ CR
    Eleutherodactylus noblei
    
    

82. Pygmy Rain Frog (39cd) ______ CR,PN
    Eleutherodactylus ridens
    
    

83. Soft-shouldered Rain Frog (36cd) ______ PN
    Eleutherodactylus crassidigitus
    
    

84. Brown-headed Rain Frog ______ PN
    Eleutherodactylus hiporcatus
    
    

85. Agua Buena Robber Frog (42cd) ______ PN
    Eleutherodactylus vocator
    
    

86. Piglet Litter Frog ______ PN
    Eleutherodactylus podiciferus
    
    

87. Eleutherodactylus bufoniformis (35cd) ______ PN
    
    

88. Eleutherodactylus taeniatus (40cd) ______ PN
    
    

89. Eleutherodactylus antillensis (43cd) ______ PN
    
    

90. Eleutherodactylus johnstonei (44cd) ______ PN
    
    

91. Black-backed Frog ______ CR(A), PN
    Leptodactylus melanonotus
    
    

92. Central American Bullfrog (45cd) ______ CR(A),PN  (also called Smoky Jungle Frog)
    Leptodactylus pentadactylus
    
    

93. White-lipped Whistling-Frog (49cd) ______ CR,PN
    Leptodactylus labialis  (formerly L. fragilis)
    
    

94. Bolivian Frog ______ CR,PN
    Leptodactylus bolivianus
    
    

95. Leptodactylus insularum (46cd) ______ PN
    
    

96. Leptodactylus poecilochilus (47cd) ______ PN
    
    

97. Leptodactylus fuscus (48cd) ______ PN
    
    

98. Tungara (or Mud Puddle) Frog (50cd) ______ CR,PN
    Physalaemus pustulosus  (the only species of the genus in Central America )
    
    

99. Pleurodema brachyops (51cd) ______ PN
    
    

100. Chiasmocleis panamensis (52cd) _______ PN
     
     
     Family MICROHYLIDAE  (Narrow-mouthed Frogs)
     
     

101. Sheep Frog ______ CR
     Hypopachus variolosus
     
     

102. Black Narrow-mouthed Frog ______ CR,PN
     Nelsonophryne aterrima
     
     
     Family RANIDAE  (True Frogs)
     
     

103. Vaillant’s Frog (53cd) ______ CR,PN  (also called Web-footed Frog) (in CR, widespread & common)
     Rana vaillanti  (formerly known as Rana palmipes)
     
     

104. Green-eyed Frog ______ CR (H)
     Rana vibicaria
     
     

105. Brilliant Forest Frog ______ CR,PN  (in CR, widespread & common)
     Rana warszewitschii
     
     

106. Forrer’s Leopard Frog ______ CR(NP)
     Rana forreri
     
     

107. Taylor’s Frog ______ CR  (in CR, widespread & common)
     Rana taylori  (formerly known as Rana pipiens)   
     
     
     
     REPTILES:
     
     
     Family CHELONIIDAE (Hard-shelled Sea Turtles): 6 species worldwide 
     
     

108. Atlantic Green (Sea) Turtle (t3) ______ CR(A), PN
     Chelonia mydas mydas
     Pacific Green (Sea) Turtle (t3) ______ CR(P), PN
     Chelonia mydas agassizii 
     
     
109. Loggerhead Sea Turtle (t2) ______ CR, PN
     Caretta caretta 
     
     
     
     A Loggerhead Sea Turtle during a FONT tour
     (photo by Alan Brady)
      
     
110. Hawksbill Sea Turtle (t1) ______ CR(A,P), PN
     Eretmochelys imbricata 
     
     
111. Olive Ridley Sea Turtle (t2) ______ (*:a,b) CR(N,S)(A,P), PN
     Lepidochelys olivacea
     
     
     Family DERMOCHELYIDAE (Leatherback Turtle): a single species
     
      
112. Leatherback Sea Turtle (t1) (*:b)  ______ CR(N)(P), PN
     Dermochelys coriacea
     
     
     
     A scene that was experienced during a number of years as part of the 
     FONT Birding & Nature Holiday Tour in Costa Rica in December/January.
     Massive female adults were seen on a Pacific beach after dark as they 
     came to lay their eggs. 
     On occasion, hatchings were seen going to the sea in the moonlight.
     
     
     Family EMYDIDAE (Pond Turtles)
     
     
113. Brown Wood Turtle ______ CR
     Rhinoclemmys annulata
     (range: from Belize & eastern Honduras south to Panama and Colombia & Ecuador)    
     
     
114. Black Wood Turtle ______ CR(A), PN
     Rhinoclemmys funerea
     (range: Caribbean lowlands of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, & Panama into the Canal basin)
     
     
115. Painted Wood Turtle ______ CR(N) (In CR, only in dry nw lowlands)
     Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima
     
     
116. Common Slider  (*) ______ CR(N)
     Trachemys scripta
     
     
     
     Family KINOSTERNIDAE  (Mud & Musk Turtles)
     
     
117. White-lipped Mud Turtle ______ CR
     Kinosternon leucostomum
     
     
118. Red-cheeked Mud Turtle  (*) ______ CR
     Kinosternon scorpioides
     
     
119. Narrow-bridged Mud Turtle (t3) ______ CR
     Kinosternon angustipons 
     
     
     Family CHELYDRIDAE (Snapping Turtle): 2 species only in the Americas
     
      
120. Common Snapping Turtle ______ CR, PN
     Chelydra serpentina
     
     
     
     
     Common Snapping Turtle
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
     Family CROCODYLIDAE  (Crocodile Family): 14 species worldwide 
     
     
121. American Crocodile (t3) (*) ______ CR(N)(A,P), PN
     Crocodylus acutus
     
     
     Family ALLIGATORIDAE  (Alligator Family)
     
     
122. Spectacled Caiman (*) ______ CR(N,S)(A,P), PN
     Caiman crocodilus
     
     
     
     
     A Spectacled Caiman photographed during a FONT tour
     (photo by Andy Smith)
     
     
     Suborder LACERTILIA (Lizards)
     
     
     Family EUBLEPHARIDAE (Banded Geckos)
     
     
123. Central American (or Tropical) Banded Gecko ______ CR(NP), PN
     Coleonyx mitratus
     
     
     Family GEKKONIDAE (Geckos)
     
     
124. Yellow-headed Gecko ______ CR(NP), PN
     Gonatodes albigularis
     
     
125. House Gecko (i) (*) ______ CR(A,SP), PN
     Hemidactylus frenatus
     
     
126. Hemidactylus garnotii (a native Costa Rican species virtually indistinguishable from the House Gecko)
     
     
127. Litter Gecko ______ CR
     Lepidoblepharis xanthostigma
     
     
128. Spotted Dwarf Gecko ______ CR 
     Sphaerodactylus millepunctatus
     
     
129. Turnip-tailed (or Mottled) Gecko ______ CR (A,SP)
     Thecadactylus rapicaudus
     
     
     Family CORYTOPHANIDAE (Casque-headed Iguanas): Formerly included in the large and diverse family Iguanidae; in 1989 this group elevated to family status. 
     
     The Basilisks are commonly referred to "Jesus Christ Lizards" as they can run atop water. The following is an explanation of that behavior:
     A narrow seam of skin, which runs around each basilisk toe, forms a moveable flap that is expanded when its foot is pressed onto the water, thus creating a larger surface area. The force that the lizards put into the downward movement of their feet produces an upward pressure that by itself creates almost a quarter of the total force required to keep the lizard from sinking. When the running basilisk presses its foot down onto the water, an air-filled pocket is formed around the foot. This pocket quickly fills with water, so the lizard must rapidly withdraw it foot to prevent from having to "plow' through the water. As the foot retracts, the moveable skin-flaps on the toes fold down against the sides of the toes to reduce friction against the air. The combined pressure that is produced during a single downward and upward stroke of the foot can be enough to provide 111% of the support required to allow an adult basilisk to run on the water. Small juveniles, with a body weight of less than 2 grams (0.07 of an ounce), are capable of producing 225% of the upward pressure necessary for an animal of that weight. With the combination of speed and specially adapted toe fringes, these lizards can run considerable across the water surface.        
     In order for a 176 pound human to match a running basilisk's aquatic performance, he or she would have to run at almost 69 mph across the water and produce a muscle force 15 times greater than what an average person is capable of doing.   
     
     
130. Common Basilisk  (*)  ______  CR(N,S)(P), PN
     Basiliscus basiliscus
     
     
131. Emerald (or Green) Basilisk  (*)  ______  CR(N)(A), PN
     Basiliscus plumifrons
     
     
132. Striped Basilisk ______ CR
     Basiliscus vittatus
     
     
133. Helmeted Iguana (also called Elegant-headed Basilisk or Casque-headed Lizard) ______ CR (A,SP), PN
     Corytophanes cristatus
     
     
     Family IGUANIDAE  (Iguanas)
     
     
134. Green Iguana  (*) ______  CR(N,S)(A,P), PN
     Iguana iguana
     (A bright green when young, but changes to gray, brown, greenish-gray, or almost black as it grows older)
     
     
     
     
     Green Iguana
     (photographed during a FONT tour by Marie Gardner)
     
     
135. Black Spiny-tailed Iguana (also called Ctenosaur) (*)  ______ CR(N)(P), PN
     Ctenosaura similis 
     
     
136. Five-keeled Spiny-tailed Iguana ______ CR (In Costa Rica, restricted to a few isolated areas in the Santa Rosa National Park in Guanacaste.)
     Ctenosaura quinquecarinata
     
     
     Family POLYCHROTIDAE  (Anoles & allies)
     
     
137. Puerto Rican Crested Anole (i) ______ CR
     Ctenonotus cristatelllus
     
     
138. Giant Green Anole ______ CR
     Dactyloa frenata
     
     
139. Water Anole ______ CR
     Norops aquaticus
     
     
140. Green Tree Anole ______ CR
     Norops biporcatus
     
     
141. Pug-nosed Anole ______ CR
     Norops capito
     
     
142. Ground Anole ______ CR(A,P), PN
     Norops humilis 
     
     
143. Canopy Anole ______ CR
     Norops lemurinus
     
     
144. Slender Anole ______ CR
     Norops anole 
     
     
145. Stream Anole ______ CR
     Norops oxylophus
     
     
146. Golfo Dulce Anole ______ CR(S) (SP)
     Norops polylepis
     
     
147. Indigo-throated Anole ______ CR
     Norops sericeus 
     
     
148. Cloud Forest Anole ______ CR (H)
     Norops tropidolepis
     
     
149. Dry Forest Anole ______ CR
     Norops cupreus
     
     
150. Blue-eyed Anole ______ CR (P)
     Norops woodi
     
     
151. Canopy Lizard ______ CR
     Polychrus gutturosus
     
     
     Family PHRYNOSOMATIDAE  (Spiny Lizards & allies)
     
     
152. Green Spiny Lizard  (*)  ______ CR (H), PN
     Sceloporus malachiticus
     
     
153. Rose-bellied Spiny Lizard ______ CR (NP)
     Sceloporus variabilis
     (range: Texas to northwest Costa Rica)
     
     
     Family SCINCIDAE (Skinks)
     
     
154. Bronze-backed Climbing Skink ______ CR, PN
     Mabuya unimarginata
     
     
155. Litter Skink ______ CR
     Sphenomorphus cherriei
     
     
     Family GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE (Microteiid Lizards)
     
     
156. Bromeliad Lizard ______ CR
     Anadia ocellata
     
     
157. Golden Spectacled Lizard ______ CR
     Gymnophthalmus speciosus
     
     
158. Water Tegu ______ CR
     Neusticurus apodemus
     
     
159. Keeled Leaf-litter Lizard ______ CR
     Ptychoglossus plicatus
     
     
     Family TEIIDAE (Whip-tailed Lizards)
     
     
160. Central American Whip-tailed Lizard  (*)  ______  CR(N)(A,SP), PN
     Ameiva festiva
     
     
161. Four-lined Whip-tailed Lizard  (*) ______ CR(N)
     Ameiva quadrilineata
     
     
162. Barred Whip-tailed Lizard ______ CR (NP)
     Ameiva undulata
     
     
163. Deppe's (or Seven-striped) Whip-tailed Lizard ______ CR (NP)
     Cnemidophorus deppii
     
     
     Family XANTUSIDAE (Night Lizards)
     
     
164. Yellow-spotted (or Tropical) Night Lizard ______ CR
     Lepidophyma flavimaculatum
     
     
     Family ANGUIDAE (Anguid Lizards)
     
     
165. Rainforest Celestus ______ CR
     Celestus hylaius
     
     
166. Talamanca Galliwasp ______ CR
     Diploglossus bilobatus
     
     
167. Galliwasp ______ CR, PN
     Diploglossus monotropis
     
     
168. Highland Alligator Lizard ______ CR
     Mesaspis monticola 
     
     
     Suborder SERPENTES (Snakes)
     
     
     Family ANOMALEPIDIDAE (Neotropical Blindsnakes)
     
     
169. Neotropical Slender Blindsnake ______ CR
     Leptotyphlops goudotii
     
     
     Family TYPHLOPIDAE (True Blindsnakes)
     
     
170. Costa Rican Blindsnake ______ CR
     Typhlops costaricensis 
     
     
     Family LOXOCEMIDAE (Neotropical Sunbeam Snakes)
     
     
171. Neotropical Sunbeam Snake ______ CR
     Loxocemus bicolor
     
     
     Family BOIDAE (Boa Family, the Boids)
     
     
172. Boa Constrictor ______ (*) CR(N,S), PN
     Boa constrictor
     
     
     
     
     Boa Constrictor
     (photo by Peter Mooney)
     
     
173. Annulated Tree Boa ______ CR
     Corallus annulatus
     
     
174. Common Tree Boa ______ CR
     Corallus ruschenbergerii
     
     
     Family COLUBRIDAE (Colubrid Snakes)
     
     
175. Ridge-nosed Snake ______ CR
     Amastridium veliferum
     
     
176. Mussurana ______ CR, PN
     Clelia clelia
     
     
177. Roadguarder ______ CR
     Conophis lineatus
     
     
178. Barred Forest Racer ______ CR
     Dendrophidion vinitor
     
     
179. Speckled Racer ______ CR
     Drymobius margaritiferus
     
     
180. Green Frog-eater ______ CR
     Drymobius melanotropis
     
     
181. False Coral Snake ______ CR, PN
     Erythrolamprus mimus 
     
     
182. Gray Earth Snake ______ CR
     Geophis brachycephalus
     
     
183. Brown Blunt-headed Vine Snake ______ CR, PN
     Imantodes cenchoa
     
     
184. Yellow Blunt-headed Vine Snake ______ CR
     Imantodes inornatus
     
     
185. Tropical King Snake ______ CR, PN
     Lampropeltis triangulum
     
     
186. Black-and-white Cat-eyed Snake ______ CR
     Leptodeira nigrofasciata
     
     
187. Black-and-red Cat-eyed Snake ______ CR
     Leptodeira rubricata
     
     
188. Northern Cat-eyed Snake ______ CR, PN
     Leptodeira septentrionalis
     
     
189. (Satiny) Parrot Snake ______ CR, PN
     Leptophis depressirostris
     
     
190. Green-headed Treesnake (or Mexican Parrot Snake) ______ CR
     Leptodeira mexicanus
     
     
     
     
     Green-headed Treesnake
     (photo by Pete Mooney)
     
     
191. Bronze-backed Parrot Snake ______ CR (In CR, in Caribbean lowlands, and at low elevations in sw Costa Rica; very similar to the Mexican Parrot Snake)
     Leptodeira nebulosus
     
     
192. Fire-bellied Snake ______ CR
     Liophis epinephelus
     
     
193. Spotted Wood Snake ______ CR
     Ninia maculata
     
     
194. Brown Vine Snake ______ (*) CR(S), PN
     Oxybelis aeneus
     
     
195. Short-nosed Vine Snake ______ CR
     Oxybelis brevirostris
     
     
196. Green Vine Snake ______ CR, PN
     Oxybelis fulgidus
     
     
     
     
     Green Vine Snake
     (photo by Sally Brady)
     
     
197. Bird-eating Snake (or Neotropical Bird Snake) ______ CR, PN
     Pseustes poecilonotus
     
     
198. Green Litter Snake ______ CR
     Rhadinacea calligaster
     
     
199. Red (or Pink)-bellied Litter Snake ______ CR, PN
     Rhadinaea decorata
     
     
200. Shovel-toothed Snake ______ CR
     Scaphiodontophia annulatus
     
     
201. Neotropical Rat Snake ______ CR
     Senticolis triaspis
     
     
202. Lichen-colored Snaileater ______ CR
     Sibon longifrenis
     
     
203. Ringed Snaileater ______  PN
     Sibon annulata
     
     
204. Tiger Rat Snake ______ CR, PN
     Spilotes pullatus
     
     
205. Scorpion-eater ______ PN
     Stenorrhina freminvillei
     
     
     
     
     Scorpion-eater
     (photo by Peter Mooney)
     
     
206. Degenhardt's Scorpion-eater ______ CR
     Stenorrhina degenhardtii
     
     
207. Reticulated Centipede Snake ______ CR
     Tantilla reticulata
     
     
208. False Fer-de-lance ______ CR, PN
     Xenodon rabdocephalus
     
     
     Family ELAPIDAE (Coral Snakes) (VENOMOUS)
     
     
209. Allen's Coral Snake ______ CR, PN
     Micrurus alleni
     
     
210. Bicolored (or Red-tailed) Coral Snake ______ CR, PN
     Micrurus multifasciatus
     
     
211. Central American Coral Snake  (*) ______ CR, PN
     Micrurus nigrocinctus
     
     
212. Clark's Coral Snake ______  PN
     Micrurus clarki
     
     
     Subfamily HYDROPHIINAE (Sea Snakes) (VENOMOUS)     
     
     
213. Yellow-bellied (or Pelagic) Sea Snake ______ CR, PN
     Pelamis platurus
     
     
     Family VIPERIDAE (Viper Family) (VENOMOUS)
     
     
214. Cantil ______ CR
     Agkistrodon bilineatus
     
     
215. Jumping Pit Viper ______ CR, PN
     Atropoides nummifer
     
     
216. (Side-)Striped Palm Pitviper ______ CR, PN
     Bothriechis lateralis
     
     
217. Eyelash Pitviper ______ CR, PN
     Bothriechis schlegelii
     
     
218. Black-speckled Palm Pitviper ______  PN
     Bothriechis nigroviridis
     
     
219. Fer-de-lance  (*) ______ CR, PN
     Bothrops asper
     
     
     
     
     Fer-de-lance
     (photo by Peter Mooney)
     
     
220. Godman's Montane Pit-Viper ______ CR, PN
     Cerrophidion godmani
     
     
221. Tropical Rattlesnake ______ CR
     Crotalus durissus
     
     
222. Central American Bushmaster ______ CR, PN
     Lachesis stenophrys
     
     
223. (Rainforest) Hog-nosed Pitviper ______ CR, PN
     Porthidium nasutum
     
     
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