List of European Butterflies and Moths

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Butterflies
and Moths

in Europe

including those seen during
Focus On Nature Tours
in Spain, Sweden,
and other countries
including Iceland where
normally butterflies are not there,
but a good many moths are

A List of Butterflies and Moths in Europe
compiled by Armas Hill

Upper right photo: A BOG FRITILLARY in Estonia

Codes:

Numbers noted as (C:xx) refer to pages in "A World of Butterflies", with text by Brian Cassie, and photographs (superb) by Kjell Sandved

Numbers noted as (F:xx) refer to pages in "The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Butterflies", by Dr. John Feltwell

Numbers noted as (PNE:xx) refer to pages with illustrations in the "Peterson Field Guide to Moths of Northeastern North America" by David Beadle and Seabrook Leckie, 2012

Numbers noted as (S:xx) refer to pages in the "Smithsonian Handbook, Butterflies & Moths", by David Carter

Status of the butterflies in Europe:

(ce): critically endangered
(en): endangered
(vu): vulnerable
(nt):   near-threatened

In Europe, nearly 9% of the butterflies are threatened, and another 105 are near-threatened.
Almost a third (31%) of the butterflies of the continent are known to have a declining population.

Geographical Codes, relating to European countries:

CI:    Canary Islands (Spain)
ES:   Estonia
GB: Great Britain
IC:    Iceland
SP:   Spain
SW: Sweden
NA:   also occurs in North America

(ph): species in a photo in the FONT website

Throughout the world, there are over 180,000 described species of butterflies and moths (in the order Lepidoptera).

In Europe, there are 482 species of BUTTERFLIES. The highest density of butterfly species is in mountainous areas in southern Europe, such as the Pyrenees and the Alps.
BUTTERFLIES are only 5% of the European Lepidoprera. the remaining species, which belong to 29 superfamilies, are colloquially referred to as MOTHS. Most of them fly during the night.

In the following list of European butterflies and moths, 684 species are included.

Links to Groupings in this List:

BUTTERFLIES:    Swallowtails: Family Papilionidae     Yellows, Whites: Family Pieridae

Gossamer Wings, Coppers & Blues: Family Lycaenidae      Brushfoots: Family Nymphalidae

Skippers: Family Hesperiidae

MOTHS:     Geometer Moths: Family Geometridae     Plume Moths: Family Pterophoridae

Emperor Moths: Family Saturniidae Sphinx & Hawk Moths: Family Sphingidae

Tiger Moths & Ermines: Family Arctiidae Tussock Moths: Family Lymantriida

Burnet Moths: Family Zygaenidae Clearwing Moths: Family Sesiidae

Gracillarid Moths: Family Gracillariidae Tortrix Moths: Family Tortricidae

SOME COMMENTARY REGARDING BUTTERFLY IDENTIFICATION:

"Get a guidebook, take a few years, and you'll still make mistakes. Butterfly identification has an initial, deceptive simplicity.
Individuals in a species vary naturally, an eyespot slightly larger, a color brighter.
Males and females of a species can be strikingly dissimilar.
So can genetic morphs or forms within a gender.
In a single species, butterflies that live in a range of habitats can vary in appearance and produce different populations or geographical races, each better adapted to its environment.
Species can also produce generations of distinct morphs in the same place at different times of the year."

The above commentary taken from the book, "An Obsession with Butterflies", by Sharman Apt Russell (a wonderful read).

Other Links:

Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours in Europe

A List & Photo Gallery of European Birds, in 2 parts:
Part #1: Grouse to Puffin Part #2: Sandgrouse to Buntings

Mammals in Europe (with some photos) Butterflies of the Canary Islands

Lists & Photo Galleries of Butterflies, Moths, Dragonflies & Damselflies elsewhere in the World

Alphabetical Directory of Butterflies by Genus of those with Photos in the FONT Website

Alphabetical Directory of Moths by Genus of those with Photos in the FONT Website

Directory of Photos in this Website

A Photo Gallery of Moths & Butterflies during the FONT tour in Ecuador, South America in July 2013

A List of European Butterflies:

         Family PAPILIONIDAE: SWALLOWTAILS (and allies):

         There are totally in the world about 700 known species of Swallowtails.

         Genus PARNASSIUS: a group of over 30 sedentary SWALLOWTAILS, many of which live in mountain habitats

Parnassius apollo (nt) ______ SP SW (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Apollo
(Range: European and central Asian mountain ranges)

Parnassius phoebus (nt) ______
Small Apollo

Parnassius mnemosyne (nt) ______ ES SW
Clouded Apollo

Genus ARCHON
Archon apollinus (nt) ______
False Apollo

Genus PAPILIO: FLUTED SWALLOWTAILS - one of the most widespread of genera, with over 200 species. Most are tropical (some subtropical). Most have tails. Many are migratory.

Papilio machaon (ph) ______ ES SP SW (C:41) (F:61, but not this particular subspecies) (S:51) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Old World Swallowtail (or Common Yellow Swallowtail, or Artemisia Swallowtail)
(Range: across Europe & Asia, also in North Africa and in subarctic North America)

The Old World Swallowtail is an attractive migrant butterfly, easily recognized in flight. Throughout its range, there are a large number of subspecies of assorted colors, ranging from dark black to orange. There is always a pair of tails on the hindwing.
The last of the above 3 common names reflects a food plant, Artemesia, in North America, but in Eurasia, the food may be Wild Carrot, Fennel, or Milk Parsley.
The full-grown caterpillars have the same colors as the adult butterfly, and they evert an orange osmeterium from behind the head to scare away predators.

Old World Swallowtails in Estonia
Papilio hospiton ______
Corsican Swallowtail

Papilio hospiton is a large and impressive butterfly that is endemic to Corsica and Sardinia, where it inhabits the rocky slopes of mountains.

Genus IPHICLIDES
Iphiclides feisthamelii ______ SP
Spanish Swallowtail

Iphiclides feisthamelii has been considered a subspecies of the Scarce Swallowtail, Iphiclides podalirius feisthamelii. It is essentially a species of the Iberian peninsula, but it also extends northward into France.
Iphiclides podalirius ______ ES
Scarce Swallowtail
(Range: from central & southern Europe to China, and in North Africa)

Genus ZERYNTHIA
Zerynthia polyxena ______
Southern Festoon
(Range: from central & southern Europe to western Asia)
Zerynthia rumina ______ SP (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Spanish Festoon

The Spanish Festoon is essentially a species of the Iberian peninsula, but it also extends northward into France.

Genus ALLANCASTRIA
Allancastria cerisyi (nt) ______
Eastern Festoon

Family PIERIDAE: most are predominantly white, yellow, or orange in color, and are often referred to as WHITES, YELLOWS, SULPHURS, or MARBLES

Worldwide, approximately 1,000 species of whites & sulphurs have been described.

Subfamily COLIADINAE: SULPHURS

300 species worldwide

Genus COLIAS: A large group of "YELLOWS", "SULPHURS", and "CLOUDED YELLOWS" mostly in the Northern Hemisphere (in North America & Asia), but also in Australia, Africa, and South America. Sexes are dimorphic. Many of the species are strong migrants. They breed extensively on members of the Leguminosae, the pea family.

Colias alfacariensis ______ SP
Berger's Clouded Yellow

Colias australis ______
New Clouded Yellow

Colias crocea ______ CI ES SP SW
Clouded Yellow
(Range: in central & southern Europe)
Colias chrysotheme (vu) ______
Lesser Clouded Yellow
Colias hecla (nt) ______ SW
Northern Clouded Yellow
Colias hyale ______ ES SW
Pale Clouded Yellow
(Range: northern & central Europe)
Colias myrmidone (en) ______
Danube Clouded Yellow
Colias nastes ______ SW
Pale Arctic Clouded Yellow
Colias palaeno (ph) ______ ES SW (F:88)
Moorland Clouded Yellow (also called Arctic Sulphur)

Colia palaeno is a larger member of its genus with conspicuous black edges to its wings. The male is a rich lemon color, and the female is a pale cream. Both sexes have pink fringes to the wings, pink legs, and pink antennae. As indicated by its common names, this butterfly occurs on arctic moorlands, and at bogs where its caterpillar food plant, the whortleberry, is found.

A Moorland Clouded Yellow in Estonia
Colias phicomone (nt) ______ SP
Mountain Clouded Yellow

Genus EUCHLOE
Euchloe bazae (vu) ______ SP (endemic)
Spanish Greenish Black-tip

Euchloe bazae is endemic to the Spanish region of La Hoya de Baza in Granada.
Euchloe belemia ______ CI SP (with an endemic subspecies in the Canary Islands)
Green-striped White

In Europe, Euchloe belemia occurs only on the Iberian peninsula and in the Canary Islands.
Euchloe charlonia ______ CI SP
Greenish Black-tip

The Greenish Black-tip is a butterfly of semi-desert habitats. In Spain, there are colonies in Granada and Huesca/Zaragosa, and also in the eastern Canary Islands.
Euchloe crameri ______ SP
Western Dappled White
Euchloe simplonia ______ SP
Mountain Dappled White
Euchloe tagis ______ SP
Portuguese Dappled White

Genus GONEPTERYX: Extending from Europe to Asia, large yellow and pale green butterflies. The wings are broad and slightly hooked, and the underside is fairly cryptic.
Gonepteryx rhamni ______ ES SP SW (F:98) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
(Common) Brimstone (or the Sulphur)
(Range: in Europe, from Britain to the Mediterranean)

The sexes of Gonepteryx rhamni are different colors. The male is bright lemon-yellow, the female lime-green. Each sex has a single small orange spot in the center of the wings. The wings are strongly curved. This butterfly lives along waysides and in scrubby areas and light woodlands. Its foodplants are buckthorns.
Gonepteryx cleobule (vu) ______ CI
Canary Brimstone
Gonepteryx cleopatra ______ SP (species described by Linnaeus in 1767)
Cleopatra
(Range: in Mediterranean Europe & North Africa)
Gonepteryx maderensis (en) ______
Madeiran Brimstone

Genus ANTHOCHARIS: Mostly small "WHITE" butterflies which have brightly colored marks inside the tips of the forewings. The colors are usually orange-red (as are the orange tips). They exploit cruciferous plants.

Anthocharis cardamines ______ ES SP SW (F:79) (S:73) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Orange Tip
(Range: across Eurasia)

The male of Anthocharis cardamines is distinguished by the orange tip on the forewing. Both sexes have a green mottling on the underside of the hindwing, which is partially visible on the upperside. The butterfly frequents damp areas, roadsides, and hedges. It can be a wanderer rather than a migrant, and can colonize areas away from where it emerged. There is a single generation a year and a long flight period from March to May.
Anthocharis belia ______ SP (species described by Linnaeus in 1767)
Moroccan Orange-Tip
Anthocharis euphenoides ______ SP
Provence Orange-Tip

Genus COLOTIS
Colotis evagore ______ SP
Desert Orange-Tip (also called Small Orange Tip)

In Europe, Colotis evagore occurs only in Spain.

Genus ZEGRIS
Zegris eupheme (nt) ______ SP
Sooty Orange-Tip

In Europe, the Sooty Orange-Tip occurs only in Spain. It is a butterfly of semi-desert habitats.

Genus APORIA: Large butterflies found throughout Europe & Asia.

Aporia crataegi ______ ES SP SW (S:66) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Black-veined White
(Range: Much of Eurasia, from Portugal to Japan; Also: Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia; extinct in Britain.)

Black veins cross the white wings, giving the Black-veined White its common name. The wings are rather papery, and the butterflies lose their scales rapidly during their courtship rituals.

Genus LEPTIDEA
Leptidea sinapis ______ ES SP SW (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Wood White
(Range: across Europe)
Leptidea morsei (nt) ______
Fenton's Wood White
Lepidea reali ______ SW
Real's Wood White

Genus PIERIS (or said to be in the Genus ARTOGEIA)

PIERIS is a widespread and successful genus in North America. Europe, and Asia, and with introductions to South America (as well as into North America) and into the Australian region. Some species are strong migrants.

Pieris brassicae (ph) ______ CI ES SP SW (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Large (or Cabbage) White
(Range: widespread across Europe, and in north Africa)

A picture of Pieris brassicae, the Large White, follows here in this list, between the skippers and the moths.

Pieris (or Artogeia) rapae (ph) ______ CI ES SP SW (C:39) (F:106) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Small White (also called: Small Cabbage White or Sharp-veined White)
(Range: in much of the Northern Hemisphere, including Eurasia & North Africa, and in North America where introduced; also Australia & Hawaii.)

Two photographs of Small Cabbage Whites
(photos by Marie Gardner)

Another picture of Pieris rapae. the Small White, follows here in this list between the skippers and the moths.
Pieris cheiranthi (en) ______ CI (endemic)
Canary Islands Large White

The introduction of alien parasites might be the cause of the decline of the Canary Islands Large White, Pieris cheiranthi. It is considered "endangered".

Pieris cheiranthi is found in shady laurel forests on the islands of Tenerife, La Palma, and La Gomera, and possibly on Gran Canaria.
Pieris mannii ______ SP
Southern Small White
Pieris napi ______ ES SP SW (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Green-veined White
(Range: across Europe)
Pieris wollatoni (ce) ______
Madeiran Large White

Genus PONTIA
Pontia daplidice ______ CI ES SP (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Bath White
(Range: from central & southern Europe across Eurasia, also North Africa)
Pontia edusa ______ SW
Eastern Bath White

Genus CATOPSILIA
Catopsilia florella ______ CI
African Migrant (also called African Emigrant, or Common Vagrant)

The African Migrant first became established in the Canary Islands in 1965. It spread to all of the islands of the archipelago by 1995. It is not known to breed elsewhere in Europe.
In addition to the Canary Islands, it occurs in Africa, including Madagascar, and India, Sri Lanka, Burma, and China.

Family LYCAENIDAE (GOSSAMER WINGS), including: COPPERS, HAIRSTREAKS, BLUES

Throughout the world but mostly in tropical and subtropical regions. The sexes often differ in coloration, and the undersides usually differ from the upper surfaces.
Among several distinct groups are the HAIRSTREAKS, with tails and bright eyespot markings on the hindwings, creating a "false head" at the rear, to divert attackers.
Thus far, worldwide, about 5,000 species in this family have been discovered and named. Caterpillars of many of these species are closely associated with ants.

Genus THECLA
Thecla betulae ______ ES SP SW (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Brown Hairstreak
(Range: across Eurasia)

Genus CALLOPHRYS: Small-sized HAIRSTREAKS, occurring in Europe and Asia, and in North and South America. Many species breed on a variety of plant families.
Callophrys rubi ______ CI ES SP SW (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Green Hairstreak
(Range: across Eurasia, and in North Africa)

Genus NEOZEPHRUS (formerly QUERCUSIA)
Neozephrus (has been Thecla) quercus ______ ES SP SW (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Purple Hairstreak
(Range: across Eurasia, and in North Africa)

Genus LAEOSOPIS
Laeosopis roboris (or evippus) ______ SP
Spanish Purple Hairstreak

The Spanish Purple Hairstreak is essentially a species of the Iberian peninsula, but it also extends northward into France.

Genus SATYRIUM
Satyrium acaciae ______ SP
Sloe Hairstreak
Satyrium esculi ______ SP
False Ilex Hairstreak
Satyrium ilicis ______ ES SP SW
Ilex Hairstreak
Satyrium pruni ______ ES SW (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Black Hairstreak
Satyrium spini ______ SP
Blue-spot Hairstreak
Satyrium (or Strymonidia) w-album ______ ES SP SW
White-letter Hairstreak
(Range: across Eurasia)

Genus TOMARES
Tomares ballus ______ SP
Provence Hairstreak

The Provence Hairstreak is a species essentially of the Iberian peninsula, but it also extends northward into France,
Tomares nogelii (vu) ______
Nogel's Hairstreak

The Nogel's Hairstreak, Tomares nogelii, is a habitat specialist that feeds solely on Astragalus ponticus. It has a highly fragmented distribution, which is little known. Tourist activities and agricultural improvement have diminished many colonies and the remaining populations are mainly threatened by changes in agricultural practices. The butterfly has disappeared from the European Union countries, but can still be found in Ukraine.

Genus LYCAENA: COPPERS Widespread in Europe and Asia, with some in North America and Australia. They occur mostly in temperate climates. Their colors are in the coppery and orange range, and the undersides often have dark spots.
Lycaena dispar ______ ES
Large Copper
(Range: localized in northern & central Europe)

The Large Copper, Lycaena dispar, occurs in a range of grassland types, where it breeds on docks and sorrels. It has been protected, as it has declined in many countries.
However, it has been expending its range in some central and eastern European countries.
Lycaena phlaeas (ph) ______ CI ES SP SW (C:31) (F:251) (species described by Linnaeus in 1761)
Common (or Small) Copper
(Range: across Eurasia, also in western & eastern temperate North America)

Lycaena phlaeas is a widespread species that frequents wild habitats as well as urban sites, and breeds on docks which are very common as weeds. There are, throughout its vast range, a number of subspecies.

A Small Copper photographed during a FONT tour in Sweden
in September 2007
(photo by James Scheib)
Lycaena alciphron ______ ES SP
Purple-shot Copper
Lycaena bleusei ______ SP (endemic to the Iberian peninsula, Spain & Portugal)
Iberian Sooty Copper

Lycaena bleusei has been said to be a subspecies of the Sooty Copper, Lycaena tityrus bleusei. It occurs in the Sistema Central (Gredos, Guadarrama) in Spain, and in central Portugal, in a geographically isolated population.
Lycaena boetica ______ SP (species described by Linnaeus in 1766)
Lycaena helle (en) ______ SW
Violet Copper

The Violet Copper, Lycaena helle, is a rare and threatened butterfly in Europe. Most of the decline happened prior to 1995. The few remaining populations have been more or less stable in the last 10 years. The butterfly is found mostly on cool and wet meadows.
Lycaena hippothose ______ ES SP SW (species described by Linnaeus in 1761)
Purple-edged Copper
Lycaena tityrus ______ ES SP
Sooty Copper
(Range: across Europe, but not Britain or Scandanavia)
Lycaena (formerly Heodes) virgaureae ______ ES SP SW (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Scarce Copper

Genus ARICIA
Aricia agestis ______ CI SP
Brown Argus
(Range: temperate northern Europe)
Aricia anteros (nt) ______
Blue Argus
Aricia artaxerxes ______ ES SP SW
Mountain Argus
Aricia cramera ______ SP
Southern Brown Argus
Aricia eumedon ______ ES SP
Geranium Argus
Aricia montensis ______ SP
Aricia morronensis ______ SP (endemic to the Pyrenees, Spain & France)
Spanish Argus

There are a number of widely scattered colonies of Aricia morronensis across Spain and just extending into France on the northern side of the Pyrenees where it is very local.
Aricia nicias ______ SW
Silvery Argus

Genus EUMEDONIA
Eumedonia eumedon ______ SP SW
Geranium Argus

Genus AGRIADES
Agriades glandon ______ SW
Glandon Blue
Agriades pyrenaicus ______ SP (endemic to the Pyrenees, Spain & France)
Agriades pyrenaicus pyrenaicus ______ (subspecies in the central Pyrenees)
Agriades pyrenaicus asturiensis ______ (subspecies in Spain in the Picos de Europa & southern Asturias)
Gavarnie Blue
Agrides zullichi ______ SP (endemic) (was Agriades glandon zullichi)
Zullich's Blue

Agrides zullichi is endemic to the Sierra Nevada, in Granada & Almeria. It flies only above 2,400 meters.

Genus CELASTRINA
Celastrina argiolus ______ ES SP SW (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Holly Blue
(Range: across Europe to western Asia, also North Africa)

Genus LAMPIDES: A genus with one species which has colonized much of the world.
Lampides boeticus ______ CI SP (F:246) (species described by Linnaeus in 1767)
Pea Blue (or Long-tailed Blue)
(Range: in Mediterranean Europe & North Africa)

Lampides boeticus is one of the most successful of butterflies. This migrant breeds on many leguminous plants. The tail and eye-spot on the underside of the hindwing mirror the head and antennae to confuse predators. Females are a darker blue. Both sexes have a rippled underside pattern.

Genus CACYREUS
Cacyreus marshalli ______ CI SP
Geranium Bronze

Genus EVERES: a small grouping of butterflies found in Europe, Asia, and Australia. They are usually sexually dimorphic and tailed, and breed on members of the pea family, Leguminosae.
Everes argiades ______ ES SP
Short-tailed Blue
Everes alcetas ______
Provencal Short-tailed Blue
Everes (or Cupido) decoloratus (nt) ______
Eastern Short-tailed Blue

Genus CUPIDO
Cupido minimus ______ ES SP SW
Small (or Little) Blue
Cupido carswelli ______ SP (endemic)
Carswell's Little Blue

Cupido carswelli is very similar to Cupido minimus. It is restricted to mountains in southeastern Spain, such as the Sierra de Cazorla and the Sierra de Espuna.
Cupido lorquinii ______ SP
Lorquin's Blue

In Europe, Cupido lorquinii occurs only on the Iberian peninsula.
Cupido osiris ______ SP
Osiris Blue

Genus LEPTOTES
Leptotes pirithous ______ CI SP (species described by Linnaeus in 1767)
Lang's Short-tailed Blue

Genus CYCLYRIUS
Cyclyrius webbianus ______ CI (endemic)
Canary Blue

Cyclyrius webbianus is a ubiquitous species in the Canary Islands, not bound to a particular habitat, and it is common from sea level up to the higher altitudes as high as 3,000 meters in the Canadas del Teide National Park on Tenerife. It has been found on all of the Canary islands except El Hierro.

There can be huge population densities with millions of individuals at various places. Said to be the most ancient Canary Island endemic butterfly. It is without a strong flight. Strangely, no inter-island variation has been discovered.

Cyclyrius webbianus is usually the only Lycaenidae in the Canary Islands in natural habitats.

The nearest relative of Cyclyrius webbianus seems to be Cyclyrius mandersi, an endemic of the island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean.

Genus ZIZERIA
Zizeria knysna ______ CI SP
African Grass Blue

Genus AZANUS
Azanus ubaldus ______ CI
Desert Babul Blue (other names are Bright Babul Blue or Velvet-spotted Blue)

Azanus ubaldus was first found in the Canary Islands about 1982. The only European site of this essentially African butterfly is Gran Canaria.

Genus GLAUCOPSYCHE: About 11 species of BLUES, found in North America, Europe, Africa, and Asia. Some are brightly colored. They breed on members of the pea family, Leguminosae.
Glaucopsyche alexis ______ ES SP SW
Green-underside Blue
Glaucopsyche melanops ______ SP
Black eyed Blue
Glaucopsyche paphos ______
Paphos Blue

Genus SCOLITANTIDES: Small-sized BLUES in Europe and Asia. They have checkered margins and exhibit sexual dimorphism. They occur in flowery habitats.
Scolitantides orion ______ ES SW (F:271)
Checkered Blue

The checkering around the margins, after which the butterfly is named, is pronounced on the uppers. The sexes are fairly similar, both having blue scales overlapping a greater suffusion of black. The male usually has more blue on the wings. The undersides are remarkably checkered, with lots of bold black spots over a white-gray background and an orange band on the hindwing. There is no tail. This butterfly lives in flowery habitats, and breeds on stonecrops, Sedum.

Genus PLEBEJUS: BLUES which occur in temperate regions of North America and Eurasia. They are relatively small butterflies which exhibit sexual dimorphism. The males are often with striking blues on the uppers. They live in open flowery areas, such as meadows. They bask in the sunlight, and breed on members of the pea family, Leguminosae.)
Species in this genus were formerly in LYCAEIDES.

Plebejus argus ______ ES SP SW (F:263) (S:99) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Silver-studded Blue
(Range: across Eurasia)

The male of Plebejus argus has purplish blue uppers with a black margin, and pale-gray undersides. The female has dark brown uppers with a set of orange lunules inside the margin. The undersides are a light brown speckled with black. Both sexes have a white fringe and a distinctive band of orange lunules on the underside of the hindwings. The silvery-blue "studs" in each lunule are not always clear. 3 subspecies are recorded. The butterflies live in grassy areas, and coastal scrub. They breed on gorse, Ulex.
Plebejus idas (ph) ______ ES SP SW (species described by Linnaeus in 1761)
Idas Blue
(Range: across northern & central Europe, and in higher altitudes)

Idas Blue
(photo by Karl Frafjord)
Plebejus argyrognomon ______ SW
Reverdin's Blue
Plebejus dardanus (nt) ______
Bosnian Blue
Plebejus dorylas ______ SW
Turquoise Blue
Plebejus hespericus ______ SP (endemic) (Some say it is a subspecies of the Zephyr Blue, Plebejus pylaon)
Spanish Zephyr Blue

Plebejus hespericus is known mainly from three distinct areas in central & southeastern Spain.
Plebejus (or Albulina) orbitulus ______ SW
Alpine Blue
Plebejus pylaon (nt) ______
Zephyr Blue
Plebejus trappi (nt) ______
Alpine Zephyr Blue
Plebejus zullichi (en) ______
Zullich's Blue

Genus LYSANDRA
Lysandra albicans ______ SP
Spanish Chalk-hill Blue

In Europe, Lysandra albicans occurs only in Spain. Otherwise it occurs in western North Africa.
Lysandra (or Polyommatus) bellargus ______ ES SP
Adonis Blue
(Range: from western Europe to western Asia)
Lysandra (or Polyommatus) caelestissima (or L. coridon caelestissima) ______ SP (endemic)
Azure Chalk-hill Blue

Lysandra caelestissima is confined to eastern Spain, in the provinces of Teruel and Cuenca.
Lysandra (or Polyommatus) coridon ______ ES SP
Chalk-bill Blue

Genus CYANIRIS
Cyaniris semiargus ______ ES SP SW
Mazarine Blue

Genus VACCINIINA
Vacciniina optilete ______ ES
Cranberry Blue

Genus POLYOMMATUS (or AGRODIAETUS)
Polyommatus icarus ______ CI ES SP SW
Common Blue
(Range: across Eurasia, and in North Africa)
Polyommatus (or Agrodiaetus) agenjoi ______ SP (endemic)
Agenjo's Anomalous Blue

Agrodiaetus agenjoi is considered by some a subspecies of the Oberthur's Anomalous Blue, Agrodiaetus fabressei agenjoi.
It occurs only in northeastern Spain, in the provinces of Girona, Barcelona, and Lerida (Lleida).
Polyommatus albicans ______ SP
Spanish Chalk-hill Blue
Polyommatus (or Agrodiaetus) ainsae ______ SP (endemic)
Forster's Furry Blue

Agrodiaetus ainsae is known only on the limestone plateaus of central northern Spain and the central pre-Pyrenees, generally at altitudes between 900 & 1200 meters.
Polyommatus amandus (ph) ______ ES SP SW
Amanda's Blue

An Amanda's Blue in Estonia
Polyommatus (or Agrodiaetus) damon (nt) ______ ES
Damon Blue
Polyommatus daphnis ______ SP
Meleager's Blue
Polyommatus dorylas (nt) ______ SP
Turquoise Blue
Polyommatus eros (nt) ______
Eros Blue
Polyommatus escheri ______ SP
Escher's Blue
Polyommatus (or Agrodiaetus) fabressei ______ SP (endemic)
Oberthur's Anomalous Blue

Agrodiaetus fabressi is endemic to the Sistema Iberico and mountain ranges in southeastern Spain.
Polyommatus (or Agrodiaetus) fulgens (or Agrodiaetus dolus fulgens) ______ SP (endemic)

Some consider Agrodiaetus fulgens to be conspecific with the Forster's Furry Blue, Agrodiaetus ainsae, although the two differ both in the number and morphology of their chromosomes.

Agrodiaetus fulgens occurs only in Catalunya.
Polyommatus galloi (vu) ______
Higgin's Anomalous Blue
Polyommatus (or Plebicula) golgus (vu) ______ SP (endemic)
Sierra Nevada Blue

The Sierra Nevada Blue is an extremely rare species, known only on the highest peaks of the Sierra Nevada. There is possibly a distinct subspecies in the adjacent Sierra de la Sagra.
Polyommatus humedasae (en) ______
Piedmont Anomalous Blue

The Piedmont Anomalous Blue, Polyommatus humedasae, occurs only on a few warm, dry, rocky slopes in one valley in northern Italy alone. It is classified as "endangered".
Polyommatus (or Plebicula) nivescens (nt) ______ SP (endemic to the Pyrenees, Spain & France)
Mother-of-Pearl Blue

The Mother-of-Pearl Blue occurs mostly in eastern Spain, but also extends into the French Pyrenees.
Polyommatus orphicus (vu) ______

The range of Polyommatus orphicus is in the Rhodopi Mountains in Bulgaria, & at a single locality in Greece.
Polyommatus (or Agrodiaetus) ripartii ______
Ripart's Anomalous Blue
Polyommatus semiargus ______ SP
Mazarine Blue
Polyommatus thersites ______ SP
Chapman's Blue
Polyommatus (or Agrodiaetus) violetae (vu) ______ SP (endemic) (species described in 1979; by some considered a dubious taxon that could instead be Agrodiaetus ripartii violetae or Agrodiaetus fabressei violetae)
Andalusian Anomalous Blue

Agrodiaetus violae flies only in the mountains of eastern Andalucia and Albacete.

Genus IOLANA
Iolana iolas (nt) ______ SP
Iolas Blue

Genus PSEUDOPHILOTES
Pseudophilotes abencerragus ______ SP
False Baton Blue

In Europe, the False Baton Blue occurs only on the Iberian peninsula.
Pseudophilotes baton ______ SP
Baton Blue
Pseudophilotes panoptes (nt) ______ SP (subspecies to the Iberian peninsula, Spain & Portugal)
Panoptes Blue

The Panoptes Blue is fairly widespread across Spain & Portugal, except in the north & the Pyrenees.
Pseudophilotes vicrama (nt) ______ ES
Eastern Baron Blue

Genus MACULINEA: "Large BLUES", found in Europe and Asia. They are tailless and have darker blue colors than many other BLUES. These butterflies have attracted a lot of attention from collectors, and some species are now scarce. All of those in Europe are classified as "endangered".
The caterpillars start by feeding on their food plant and then switch to being looked after by ants.
Maculinea (or Phengarius) alcon ______ SP SW
Alcon Blue
Maculinea (or Phengarius) arion (en) ______ ES SP SW
Large Blue
(Range: across Eurasia east to China; not in Britain)
Maculinea (or Phengarius) nausithous (nt) ______ SP
Dusky Large Blue
Maculinea (or Phengaris) teleius (vu) ______
Scarce Large Blue

The Scarce Large Blue, Phengaris teleius, is a species of wet meadows with Great Burnett (Sanguisorba officinalis.
The small caterpillars only feed on the flowerheads for 2 to 3 weeks. They then go down to the ground where they wait to be picked up by the worker ants of the genus Myrmica and carried off to the ants' nest. There they feed on ant grubs. The caterpillars also hibernate and pupate in the ants' nest. The species of host ant varies in different parts of is range.
Because of this complicated lifestyle the butterfly is vulnerable to any changes in the environment that affect either the hostplants or the hostants.
In much of Europe this species has declined due to either agricultural intensification (drainage, fertilization, pesticide use) or abandonment (where the habitat gets invaded by shrubs and later forest. Thus, the species is classified as "vulnerable".

Genus TARUCUS: Blue Pierrots
Tarucus balkanicus ______
Little Tiger Blue (or Balkan Pierrot)
Tarucus theophrastus ______ SP
Common Tiger Blue (other names are the Pointed Pierrot, or African Pierrot)

In Europe, Tarucus theophrastus occurs only in Spain. Its larvae feed only on the spiny shrub Ziziphus lotus.

Genus TURANANA
Turanana taygetica (en) ______
Odd-spot Blue

Subfamily RIODINIDAE: METALMARKS

Genus HAMEARIS
Hamearis lucina ______ ES SP SW (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Duke of Burgundy Fritillary
(Range: western and central Europe)

Hamearis lucina is the only metalmark native to Europe. It bears a resemblance to fritillaries, but its behavior is closer to that of the blues.
The butterflies are often found on meadows with scrub or near woods with their major foodplant, Primulas, are present. the species is declining in many European countries. overall, the decline is somewhat less than 30% in the last 10 years.


Family NYMPHALIDAE: BRUSHFOOTS

Cosmopolitan, with subfamilies range from 8 to 25, depending upon taxonomic treatment

This is the most diverse family of butterflies, with approximately 6,000 known species worldwide. Brushfoot butterflies appear 4 rather than 6-legged as their 2 front legs are much reduced.

Subfamily LIBYTHEINAE: SNOUTS

Genus LIBYTHEA: SNOUTS With long palps which protrude under the head like snout (as do those in the genus LIBYTHEANA). Occur in both the Old and New Worlds.

Libythea celtis celtoides ______ SP (F:174) (S:145)
Nettle-tree Butterfly (or Eurasian Beak)

This species is recognized by its hooked forewings, and has orange blobs over its warm brown wings. This, the only snout butterfly in Europe, also occurs in North Africa, and has a wide distribution across Eurasia through to Japan. It lives in wooded areas, especially in valleys. One of its common names is from its caterpillar food plant, the Nettle Tree. The butterfly hibernates. it feeds on exudates from tree buds in the spring.

Genus HYPOLIMNAS
Hypolimnas misippus (ph) ______ CI
Mimic (or Diadem, or Danaid Eggfly)

Hypolimnas misippus seems to reach the Canary Islands at irregular intervals.

Above & below: The Mimic
Above: a male. Below: a female
The female is a mimic of the Plain Tiger, Danaus chrysippus.

Genus BRENTHIS: Small-sized FRITILLARIES occurring in Europe & Asia
Brenthis daphe ______ SP
Marbled Fritillary
Brenthis hecate ______ SP
Twin-spotted Fritillary
Brenthis (or Argynnis) ino ______ ES SP SW (S:117)
Lesser Marbled Fritillary
(Range: in central & northern Europe, and into Asia)

Genus ISSORIA

Issoria (formerly Argynnis) lathonia ______ CI ES SP SW (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Queen of Spain Fritillary
(Range: from North Africa into Europe and Asia)

Genus ARGYNNIS: This genus of FRITILLARIES is composed of woodland butterflies occurring in Europe and Asia. Butterflies are large, orange, and speckled with black spots. The males have large black brands on the forewings. Some species in this genus breed on violets.

Argynnis paphia ______ ES SP SW (F:120) (S:135) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Silver-washed Fritillary
(Range: across Europe and in North Africa and western Asia)

Of the species in this genus, the Silver-washed Fritillary may well be the most impressive. The male is very attractive with its long dark marks along the veins on the upper forewing. There are prominent spots all over the uppers of the female, which is very slightly larger. Unlike other fritillaries which lay eggs on violets, this species lays eggs on a tree trunk so the freshly emerged larvae have to walk to their food plants.
Argynnis aglaja ______ SP SW (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Dark Green Fritillary
Argynnis laodice ______ ES SW
Pallas' Fritillary
Argynnis (formerly Pandoriana) pandora ______ CI ES SP
Cardinal
(Range: in southern Europe and in north Africa & western Asia)

Genus FABRICIANA: Large FRITILLARIES that occur in Europe & Asia, closely related to, an same say part of, the genus ARGYNNIS.
Fabriciana (or Argynnis) adippe ______ ES SP SW (species described by Linnaeus in 1767)
High Brown Fritillary
Fabriciana (or Argynnis) niobe ______ ES SP SW (F:156) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Niobe Fritillary

The Niobe Fritillary lives in meadows and pastures and breeds on violets.

Genus BOLORIA (and CLOSSIANA): A large grouping of medium-sized FRITILLARIES in Europe, Asia, and North America. Found in meadows, both lowland and alpine. They breed on bog plants, including violets.
Boloria (or Clossiana) selene ______ ES SP SW NA
Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary (in North America called the Silver-bordered Fritillary)
(Range: across Eurasia, and in temperate North America)
Boloria (or Clossiana) euphrosyne (ph) ______ ES SP SW (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Pearl-bordered Fritillary

A Pearl-bordered Fritillary
(photo by Karl Frajord)
Boloria aquilonaris ______ ES SW
Cranberry Fritillary
Boloria chariclea (nt) ______ SW
Arctic Fritillary
Boloria (or Clossiana) dia (ph) ______ ES SP (another name has been Violet Fritillary) (species described by Linnaeus in 1767)
Weaver's Fritillary

A Weaver's Fritillary in Estonia
Boloria (or Proclossiana) eunomia (ph) ______ ES SP SW NA
Bog Fritillary

A Bog Fritillary in Estonia
Boloria (or Clossiana) freija ______ ES SW
Frejya's Fritillary
Boloria frigga ______ ES SW
Frigga's Fritillary
Boloria (or Clossiana) improba (en) ______ SW
Dusky-winged Fritillary
Bolaria napaea ______ SP SW
Mountain Fritillary
Boloria pales ______ SP
Shepherd's Fritillary
Boloria (or Clossiana) polaris (vu) ______ SW
Polar Fritillary
Boloria (or Clossiana) thore ______ SW
Thor's Fritillary
Boloria titania (nt) ______ ES (another name is Purple Bog Fritillary)
Titania's Fritillary

Genus MESOACIDALIA
Mesoacidalia (or Argynnis) aglaja ______ ES
Dark Green Fritillary

Genus MELITAEA: some 40 species of FRITILLARIES, found in Europe, Asia, and North America.
They are medium-sized, and allied to the ARGYREUS genus. Spotting on the wings is quite variable.

Often MELITAEA is included in MELLICTA, which follows.
Meliaea aurelia (nt) ______ ES
Nickert's Fritillary
Melitaea britomartis (nt) ______ SW
Assmann's Fritillary
Melitaea cinxia ______ ES SP SW (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Glanville Fritillary
Melitaea diamina ______ ES SP SW
False Heath Fritillary
Melitaea didyma ______ ES SP
Spotted Fritillary
(Range: in southern Europe, north Africa, and some cooler parts of Asia)
Melitaea phobe ______ ES SP
Knapweed Fritillary
Melitaea trivia (nt) ______ SP
Lesser Spotted Fritillary

The Lesser Spotted Fritillary is one of the most colorful butterflies in Europe. Its population has recently had a marked decline, and the species is considered "near-threatened".

Genus MELLICTA: About a dozen species found in Europe & Asia. They are spotted, variable, and good fliers.
Mellicta athalia ______ ES SP SW
Heath Fritillary
Mellicta dejone ______ SP
Provencal Fritillary
Mellicta parthenoides ______ SP
Meadow Fritillary

Genus EUPHYDRYAS
Euphydryas (or Hypodryas) maturna (vu) (ph) ______ ES SW
Scarce Fritillary

The Scarce Fritillary, Euphydryas maturna, occurs in clearings, where young ash trees are growing in open, mixed woodland. In Europe, it has had a strong decline in the 20th century, but the few remaining populations have shown only a small decline in the last 10 years, not enough for it to be a threatened species according to Red List criteria. That may soon change however as the butterfly now continues to decline, and even large populations are disappearing.

A Scarce Fritillary in Estonia
Euphydryas aurinia (ph) ______ ES SP SW
Marsh Fritillary
(Range: across Europe, into central Asia)

A Marsh Fritillary in Estonia
Euphydryas desfontainii (nt) ______ SP
Spanish Fritillary
Euphydryas (or Hypodryas) iduna (nt) ______ SW
Lapland Fritillary

Genus CHARAXES
Charaxes jasius ______ SP (species described by Linnaeus in 1767)
Two-tailed Pasha
(Range: in Mediterranean Europe & North Africa)

Charaxes jasius is the only double-tailed butterfly in Europe.

Genus LIMENITIS: White-marked admiral butterflies closely allied or part of the LADOGA genus. Found in North America, Europe, Asia, and the Australian region.
Limenitis (or Ladoga) populi (ph) ______ ES SW (F:175)
Poplar Admiral

Limenitis populi is the largest of the admirals. Females are larger, but they have the same basic pattern as the male, a dark ground color with white marks. In this species, there is a series of orange chevrons, which run around the inside of the margins. This butterfly lives in woodland areas, and breeds on aspens and poplars, hence its common name.

Poplar Admirals in Estonia
Limenitis (or Ladoga) camilla ______ ES SP (C:77)
White Admiral
(Range: across Eurasia)
Limenitis reducta ______ SP
Southern White Admiral

Genus NEPTIS: 40 small-sized species that occur in Africa, Europe, Asia, and in the Australian region. They are commonly called "GLIDERS" or "SAILORS" because of the way in which they glide through the air. Their colors are characteristic, with a black ground color beneath white lines and spots.

40 small-sized species that occur in Africa, Europe, Asia, and in the Australian region. They are commonly called "GLIDERS" or "SAILERS" because of the way in which they glide through the air. Their colors are characteristic, with a black ground color beneath white lines and spots.

Neptis sappho ______
Common Glider (or Pallas' Sailer)
(Range: from eastern Europe across Asia)

Neptis rivularis ______
Hungarian Glider

Genus ARASCHNIA: Characterized by their map-like patterning, these butterflies are found in Europe and Asia.

Araschnia levana ______ ES SW (C:79) (F:120) (S:108)
Map Butterfly

The spring form of Araschnia levana is orange with dark brown markings; the summer form is a dark chocolate-brown with white bands. There is a characteristic map-like pattern of yellowish-white lines on the dark underside.
There's not just seasonal differences in plumage, but also between male and female. The male, smaller & brighter, is tawny and black. The dark brown female has a yellow band crossing the wings and a partial red band toward the hingwing margins, with white spots near the apex of the forewing. The species flies in open woodland, and breeds on nettles.

Genus POLYGONIA: Known as "Comma" Butterflies in Europe, or "Question Mark" or "Anglewing" Butterflies in the USA, they also occur in Asia. They have dark brown, orange, and black wings with ragged edges and an underside which is usually cryptic. The butterflies are strong fliers and hibernate. They often breed on nettles, Urtica species.

Polygonia c-album ______ ES SP SW (C:103) (F:196) (S:125) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Eurasian Comma
(Range: in western & southern Europe and in north Africa & western Asia)

The white mark on the underside of the hindwing is the feature after which the Comma is named. There are seasonal variations, the first generation being lighter than the second generation. The butterfly is territorial, not migratory. It breeds on nettle, Urtica, and hops, Humulus.)

Genus NYMPHALIS: A small grouping of butterflies occurring in Europe, Asia, and North America. They are generally powerful fliers. Some species are migratory and hibernate as adults.

Nymphalis antiopa (ph) ______ ES SP SW NA (C:43) (F:187) (S:122) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Camberwell Beauty (in North America called the Mourning Cloak)
(Range: in Europe and cooler regions of Asia; also in North America)

This spectacular butterfly, Nymphalis antiopa, has a dark velvety maroon upperside with blue marginal spots and broad, pale yellow borders to the wings. These creamy-appearing borders are quite distinctive in flight. A fine line of blue spots separate the contrasting maroon and yellow colors. The species occurs in the Northern Hemisphere in both the Old and New Worlds. It is a migrant, often found in pine woodlands and along forest rides and glades, where it breeds on willows, beeches, and elms. Many places this butterfly is the first to be seen in the spring, as it ventures out of its overwintering hibernation for brief sorties on warm, sunny days of late-winter and early-spring.

A Camberwell Beauty in Estonia

Nymphalis polychloros ______ ES SP SW (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Large Tortoiseshell
(Range: across Eurasia)
Nymphalis (or Polygonia) vaualbum ______ ES NA
False Comma (in North America called the Compton Tortoiseshell)
Nymphalis xanthomelas ______ ES (another name is Scarce Tortoiseshell)
Yellow-legged Tortoiseshell

Genus INACHIS: This genus has a single species with "eyes" resembling the markings on a Peacock's tail (that is the Peacock, the bird).

Inachis io (ph) ______ ES IC SP SW (C:53) (S:126) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Peacock
(Range: across Eurasia, occurring into cooler areas)

Inachis io is an exquisite butterfly, with a unique pattern, and a favorite of both gardeners and naturalists. It emerges from its chrysalis in summer and is quite fond of garden and hedgerow flowers. In the fall, it retires to a hollow log or tree to hibernate. When it flies again in the spring, it's most likely found along the edges of woodlands, to find a mate. The geographic range is across temperate Eurasia. The butterfly lives around farmyards and in valleys, and breeds on nettles.

Peacock
(photo by Karl Frafjord)

Another picture of Inachis io, the Peacock, follows here in this list, between the skippers and the moths.

Genus VANESSA: LADY BUTTERFLIES - A widespread grouping of strong fliers, sometimes migratory, with bright oranges and reds.
Vanessa atalanta (ph) ______ CI ES IC SP SW (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Red Admiral
(Range: across the Northern Hemisphere, in Eurasia, North Africa, & in North America)

Red Admiral
A nice number of these, at times, have been seen
during FONT tours in southern Sweden in September.
(photo by Karl Frafjord)
Vanessa virginiensis ______ CI SP
American Painted lady

Vanessa virginiensis probably colonized in the Canary Islands in historical times, with the introduction of favored food-plants.

in Europe now, the only resident populations of Vanessa virginiensis are in coastal regions of the southern & western Iberian peninsula and in the Canary Islands.
Vanessa vulcania ______ CI
Canary Red Admiral

The sister species of Vanessa vulcania is Vanessa indica in the Orient. There is a vast distributional gap between the two species.
An explanation: There is evidence of warmer and more humid conditions around what was the Tethys Sea (what is now the Mediterranean Sea) back during the Pliocene, supporting laurel forests similar to those of the Canary Islands.
Since both species can be vagrants with a strong flight, and adapted to laurel forests, their common ancestor could have been able to colonize the present gap in distribution.

The Canary Red Admiral resides in laurel forests. It completes its life-cycle only in the Canaries and Madeira, although it may reach western Europe as a vagrant.

Genus CYNTHIA: Representatives of this grouping occur in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. Many are powerful migrants, such as Cynthia cardui, the Painted Lady. This genus is very closed related to the genus VANESSA.
Cynthia cardui (ph) ______ CI ES IC SP SW (C:27) (F:140) (S:141) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Painted Lady
(Range: widespread around the world, but more common in warmer climes)

Cynthia cardui is the most widespread of the world's butterflies. Its range is worldwide, except for Australia and New Zealand. It is a very powerful migrant. Throughout is vast range, this species is quite uniform in its pattern and coloration, although some subspecies do exist. A reason for its success is that it breeds on a wide variety of plants. These include common members of the mallow and daisy families, especially thistles.

Above & below: the Painted Lady
(upper photo by Howard Eskin; lower photo by Doris Potter)

Genus AGLAIS: In this grouping, there are more species in Europe and Asia than in North America. They are relatively small butterflies with orange, yellow, and black markings. Some species are migratory. They hibernate.
Aglais urticae (ph) ______ IC ES SP SW (F:114) (S:110) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Small Tortoiseshell (or Mountain Tortoiseshell)
(Range: across Eurasia)

The sexes of the Small Tortoiseshell are similar, with three black bars on the leading edge of the forewing. This species is very common in all sorts of habitats from gardens to uplands. It breeds on the ubiquitous nettle Urtica species, and is a strong migrant.

The Small Tortoiseshell is one of only 4 species of butterflies that occur in Iceland.
This butterfly was photographed during a FONT tour in Sweden in September 2007.
(photo by James Scheib)

Another picture of Aglais urticae, the Small Tortoiseshell, follows later here in this list, between the skippers and the moths.

Genus APATURA: Large and powerful butterflies that occur in Europe, Asia, and the Australian region.

Apatura iris ______ ES SP SW (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Purple Emperor
(Range: from western Europe to western Asia)

Apatura ilia ______ ES SP
Lesser Purple Emperor

Genus DANAUS
Danaus (or Anosia) chrysippus chrysippus (ph) ______ CI SP (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Plain Tiger (or African Monarch)

The Plain Tiger
Danaus plexippus (ph) ______ CI SP
Monarch

In Europe, the only resident populations of the Monarch are in coastal regions of the southern & western Iberian peninsula and in the Canary Islands.

Danaus plexippus was first found in the Canary Islands about 1887. The species has been observed crossing the ocean between the Canary Islands.

The Monarch
(photo by Rise Hill)

Subfamily SATYRIDAE:

Genus MELANARGIA
Melanargia galathea ______ ES SP
Marbled White
(Range: in western & central Europe and North Africa and into Asia)
Melanargia ines ______ SP
Spanish Marbled White

In Europe, Melanargia ines occurs only on the Iberian peninsula.
Melanargia lachesis ______ SP
Iberian Marbled White
Melanargia occitanica ______ SP
Melanargia russiae ______ SP
Esper's Marbled White

Genus BRINTESIA
Brintesia circe ______ SP
Great Banded Grayling

Genus HIPPARCHIA
Hipparchia semele ______ ES SP SW (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Grayling
(Range: across Europe into Asia)
Hipparchia alcyone ______ SP
Rock Grayling
Hipparchia bacchus (vu) ______ CI (endemic)
El Hierro Grayling
Hipparchia fagi (nt) ______ SP
Woodland Grayling
Hipparchia fidia ______ SP (species described by Linnaeus in 1767)
Hipparchia gomera ______ CI (endemic)
Hipparchia hermione (nt) ______
Rock Grayling
Hipparchia leighebi (nt) ______
Eolian Grayling
Hipparchia sbordonii (nt) ______
Ponza Grayling
Hipparchia statilinus (nt) ______ SP
Tree Grayling
Hipparchia tilosi (vu) ______ CI (endemic)
La Palma Grayling
Hipparchia wyssii ______ CI (endemic)
Canary Grayling

Genus PSEUDOCHAZARA
Pseudochazara amymone (vu) ______
Pseudochazara cingovskii (ce) ______
Macedonian Grayling
Pseudochazara euxina (en) ______
Pseudochazara orestes (vu) ______
Dils' Grayling
Pseudochazara wyssii ______ CI (endemic)
Canary Grayling

Pseudochazara wyssii occurs as distinct races on all of the western Canary Islands, where is particularly found in rocky gullies at middle elevations.

Genus OENEIS
Oeneis bore ______ SW
Arctic Grayling
Oeneis jutta ______ ES SW
Baltic Grayling
Oeneis norna (nt) ______ SW
Norse Grayling

Genus SATYRUS
Satyrus actaea ______ SP
Black Satyr

Genus CHAZARA
Chazara briseis (nt) ______ SP (species described by Linnaeus in 1764)
The Hermit
Chazara prieuri ______ SP
Southern Hermit

In Europe, the cryptically-colored Southern Hermit only occurs in Spain. Otherwise it is in northern Africa.

Genus EREBIA: A large grouping of BROWNS with over 100 species, represented in Europe, Asia, North America, and the Australian region. Most live at high elevations. These butterflies are medium-sized and have dark red colors.

Erebia aethiops ______
Scotch Argus (or Northern Brown)

Erebia alberganus ______ SP
Almond-eyed Brown

Erebia arvernensis ______ SP
Western Brassy Ringlet

Erebia christi (vu) ______
Raetzer's Ringlet

Erebia claudina (nt) ______
White Speck Ringlet

Erebia disa ______ SW
Arctic Ringlet

Erebia euryale ______ SP
Large Ringlet

Erebia embla ______ ES SW
Lapland Ringlet

Erebia epiphron ______ SP
Mountain Ringlet

Erebia epistygne (nt) ______
Spring Ringlet

Erebia flavofascitata (nt) ______
White-banded Ringlet

Erebia gorge ______ SP
Silky Ringlet

Erebia gorgone ______ SP (endemic to the Pyrenees, Spain & France)
Gavarnie Ringlet

In the Pyrenees, the Gavarnie Ringlet occurs mainly in the central part of the range.

Erebia hispania ______ SP (endemic)
Spanish Brassy Ringlet

Erebia hispania is now endemic to the Sierra Nevada mountains in southern Spain, as Erebia rondoui has been split from it.

Erebia lefebvrei ______ SP (endemic to the Pyrenees, Spain & France)
Lefebvre's Ringlet

Erebia lefebvrei is confined to the Pyrenees and the Cordillera Cantabrica, usually above 1800 meters.

Erebia ligea ______ ES SW
Arran Brown

Erebia manto ______ SP
Yellow Spotted Ringlet

Erebia meolans ______ SP
Piedmont Ringlet

Erebia neoridas ______ SP
Autumn Ringlet

Erebia palarica ______ SP (endemic)
Chapman's Ringlet

Erebia palarica is the largest species in its genus. It flies in flowery meadows with Genista scrub in the western & central Cordillera Cantabrica, between Galacia and Cantabria/Palencia.

Erebia pandrose ______ SW
Dewy Ringlet

Erebia pronoe ______ SP
Water Ringlet

Erebia rondoui ______ SP (endemic to the Pyrenees, Spain & France)
Pyrenees Brassy Ringlet

Erebia rondoui was recently split from the Spanish Brassy Ringlet, Erebia hispania. It is known only in the Pyrenees, including Andorra.

Erebia sthennyo ______ SP (endemic to the Pyrenees, Spain & France)
False Dewy Ringlet

Erebia sthennyo occurs only in the central Pyrenees in Spain in Huesca & Lerida, and just into France.

Erebia sudetica (vu) ______
Sudeten Ringlet

The Sudeten Ringlet, Erebia sudetica, is a European endemic found on alpine and sub-alpine grasslands, especially those near the tree-line. Its population has declined by more than 30% in the last 10 years. It is considered "vulnerable".

Erebia triaria ______ SP
De Prunner's Ringlet

Erebia tyndarus ______ SP
Swiss Brassy Ringlet

Erebia zapateri ______ SP (endemic)

Erebia zapateri is restricted to limestone habitats in the Spanish provinces of Teruel, Castellon, Cuenca, and Guadalajara, usually above 1,200 meters.

Genus MANIOLA

Maniola jurtina ______ CI ES SP SW (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Meadow Brown
(Range: across Europe, into Asia)
Maniola halicarnassus (nt) ______
Thomson's Meadow Brown

Genus HYPONEPHELE

Hyponephele lupina ______ SP

Hyponephele lycaon ______ ES SP
Dusky Meadow Brown

Genus LOPINGA

Lopinga achine (vu) ______ ES SP SW
Woodland Brown

Genus PYRONIA

Pyronia (or Maniola) tithonus ______ SP (species described by Linnaeus in 1771)
The Gatekeeper
(Range; in western & southern Europe)
Pyronia bathseba ______ SP
Spanish Gatekeeper
Pyronia cecilia ______ SP

Genus APHANTOPUS

Aphantopus hyperantus ______ ES SP SW (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Ringlet
(Range: across Eurasia)

Genus COENONYMPHA

Coenonympha pamphilus ______ ES SP SW (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Small Heath
(Range: in northern Europe, including Britain & Scandinavia)

Coenonympha amyntas ______ ES

Coenonympha arcania ______ ES SP SW (species described by Linnaeus in 1761)
Pearly Heath
(Range: from western Europe to western Asia)
Coenonympha dorus ______ SP
Dusky Heath
Coenonympha glycerion ______ SP

There is an isolated colony of Coenonympha glycerion in the eastern Pyrenees in Spain.
Coenonympha hero (vu) ______ ES SW
Scarce Heath
Coenonympha iphioides ______ SP (endemic to the Iberian peninsula, Spain & Portugal)
Spanish Heath

Coenonympha iphioides has been said to be Coenonympha glycerion. It occurs in damp places in the northern Iberian peninsula.
Coenonympha oedippus (en) ______
False Ringlet
Coenonympha orientalis (vu) ______
Balkan Heath
Coenonympha phryne (ce) ______

Coenonympha phryne occurs on pristine steppes in Russia and Ukraine. It is listed as "critically endangered" in Europe.
Coenonympha tullia (vu) ______ ES SW
Large Heath (in North America called the Ringlet)
(Range: in central & northern Europe, into Asia; also in North America)

Genus MINOIS: Medium-sized butterflies in the SATYRIDS.

Minois dryas ______ SP (C:65) (F:182) (S:175)
Dryad
(Range: in southern Europe and across Asia)

The dark males of Minois dryas are easy to see in their mountainous habitat. The females, slightly larger and lighter, are usually near by. On the forewings are a pair of bluish eye-spots. Throughout the range, there are a number of subspecies. Breeding is on various grasses.

Genus KANETISA
Kanetisa circe ______ SP

Genus ARETHUSANA
Arethusana arethusa ______ SP
False Grayling
Arethusana boabdil ______ SP(endemic) (was Arethusana arethusa boabdil)
Andalusian False Grayling

Arethusana boabdil is confined to open woodlands and scrubby grasslands in southeastern Spain, especially in the province of Granada.

Genus PARARGE
Pararge aegeria ______ ES SP SW (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Speckled Wood
(Range: across Europe, into Asia)
Pararge xiphia (en) ______
Madeiran Speckled Wood
Pararge xiphioides ______ CI (endemic)
Canary Speckled Wood

Pararge xiphioides is a fairly common species on the islands of La Gomera, La Palma, Tenerife, and Gran Canaria.

Genus LASIOMMATA: A grouping of European & Asian BROWNS. They have brown or orange ground colors, sometimes speckled, and with false eyes on the wings. They live in open sunny sites and breed on grasses.
Lasiommata maera ______ ES SP SW (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Large Wall Brown
Lasiommata (formerly Pararge) megera ______ SP SW (species described by Linnaeus in 1767)
Wall Brown
(Range: across Europe into Asia)
Lasiommata petropolitana ______ ES SW
Northern Wall Brown

Family HESPERIIDAE: SKIPPERS

A very large family (3,000 species throughout the world) of stout-bodied short-winged butterflies that resemble day-flying moths. The adult butterfly's flight resembles a 'skipping' motion when going from flower to flower. Their forewings are closed above their back when they are settled.

Genus PYRGUS

Pyrgus malvae ______ ES SP SW (S:45)
Grizzled Skipper
(Range: across Europe east to Mongolia)
Pyrgus alveus ______ ES SP SW
Large Grizzled Skipper
Pyrgus andromedae ______ SW
Alpine Grizzled Skipper
Pyrgus armoricanus ______ SP SW
Oberthur's Grizzled Skipper
Pyrgus carthami ______ SP
Salflower Skipper
Pyrgus centaureae ______ SW
Northern Grizzled Skipper
Pyrgus cirsii (vu) ______ SP
Cinquefoil Skipper
Pyrgus foulquieri ______ SP
Foulquier's Grizzled Skipper
Pyrgus malvoides ______ SP
Southern Grizzled Skipper
Pyrgus onorpordi ______ SP
Rosy Grizzled Skipper
Pyrgus serratulae ______ ES SP
Olive Skipper

Genus CARCHARODUS
Carcharodus alceae ______ SP
Mallow Skipper
Carcharodus baeticus ______ SP
Southern Marbled Skipper
Carcharodus flocciferus (nt) ______ SP
Tufted Marbled Skipper
Carcharodus lavartherae (nt) ______ SP
Marbled Skipper
Carcharodus tripolinus ______ SP
False Mallow Skipper

In Europe, Carcharodus tripolinus occurs only on the Iberian peninsula.

Genus CARTEROCEPHALUS

Carterocephalus palaemon ______ ES SP SW (C:47)
Checkered Skipper (another name has been Arctic Skipper)
(Range: in cold and temperate Europe, Asia, and North America)
Carterocephalus silvicolus (ph) ______ ES SW
Northern Checkered Skipper

A Northern Checkered Skipper in Estonia

Genus HETEROPTERUS
Heteropterus morpheus ______ ES SP SW
Large Checkered Skipper

Genus ERYNNIS
Erynnis tages ______ ES SP SW (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Dingy Skipper
(Range: from western & northern Europe across Eurasia)

Genus MUSCHAMPIA
Muschampia cribrellum (nt) ______
Spinose Skipper

Genus THYMELICUS

Thymelicus sylvestris ______ ES SP
Small Skipper

Thymelicus sylvestris and Thymelicus lineola are very closely related, and can only be distinguished by the darker color of the antennae of T. lineola.

Thymelicus lineolua ______ ES SP SW
European Skipper (known in Europe as the Essex Skipper)
(Range: in Europe, North Africa, and Asia; introduced in North America)

Thymelicus acteon (nt) ______ SP
Lulworth Skipper
(Range: from western & southern Europe east into Asia)
Thymelicus christi ______ CI (species endemic to the Canary Islands)
Canary Skipper

Thymelicus christi was considered a subspecies of Thymelicus acteon, the Lulworth Skipper.

Genus OCHLODES

Ochlodes venata ______ ES SP SW (S:45)
Large Skipper
(Range: across Eurasia)

Genus HESPERIA

Hesperia comma ______ ES SP SW (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Silver-spotted Skipper

Genus GEGENES
Gegenes nostrodamus ______ SP

Genus SPIALIA

Spialia sertorius ______ SP
Red-underwing Skipper

Genus SYRICHTUS

Syrichtus proto ______ SP
Sage Skipper

Genus BORBO

Borbo borbonica ______ SP
Zeller's Skipper

In Europe, the Zeller's Skipper occurs only in Spain. Otherwise, it is in Africa & the Middle East.

Above: a moth and butterflies in a collection in Iceland
Tyria jacobaeae, the Cinnabar Moth, in the subfamily Arctiidae (number 519 in this list)
Pieris brassidae, the Large White, in the family Pieridae
Pieris rapae, the Small White, in the family Pieridae
Aglias urtica, the Small Tortoiseshell, in the family Nymphalidae
Inachis io, the Peacock, in the family Nymphalidae

Some more moths and two butterflies in a collection in Iceland
Agrius convolvuli, the Convolvulus Hawkmoth, in the family Sphingidae (number 471 in this list)
Vanessa atalanta, the Red Admiral, in the family Nymphalidae
Cynthia cardui, the Painted Lady, in the family Nymphalidae
Agrotis ipsilon, the Dark Sword Grass Moth, in the family Noctuidae (number 533 in this list)
Autographa gamma, the Silver Y Moth, in the family Noctuidae (number 538 in this list)
Agrochola circellaris, the Brick Moth, in the family Noctuidae (number 531 in this list)
Phlogophora meticuiosa, Angle Shades, in the family Noctuidae (number 563 in this list)
Nomophila noctuella, the Rush Veneer, in the subfamily Crambidae in Pyralidae (number 442 in this list)
Udea ferrugalis, in the subfamily Crambidae in the family Pyralidae (number 448 in this list)
Plutella xylostella, in the family Yponomeutidae (number 520 in this list)

A LIST OF EUROPEAN MOTHS



Family THYATIRIDAE

Achlya flavicornis ______ GB
Yellow Horned Moth

Cymatophorima diluta ______ GB
Oak Lutestring

Habrosyne pyritoides ______ GB
Buff Arches

Ochropacha duplaris ______ GB
Common Lutestring

Polyploca ridens ______ GB
Frosted Green Moth

Tethea ocularis ______ GB
Figure of Eighty

Tethea or ______ GB
Poplar Lutestring

Tetheella fluctuosa ______ GB
Satin Lutestring

Thyatira batis ______ GB (S:188)
Peach Blossom

Family ENDROMIDAE: in this family, one genus, with only one species

Endromis versicolora ______ ES (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Kentish Glory

Family GEOMETRIDAE: This is the second largest family of moths, with over 15,000 species worldwide. These moths are generally slender-bodied and weak fliers, and many rely on camouflage for survival. However there are some exceptions.
Their CATERPILLARS are popularly known as INCHWORMS or LOOPERS for their mannerism of drawing up the center of their body in order to move forward, as they have legs only at their head and tail ends.

Moths in the family Geometridae, in the left column, in the family Noctuidae in the right column,
in a collection in Iceland
In Geometridae:
Xanthorhoe designata, the Flame Carpet (in the list below, number 411)
Xanthorhoe decoloraria, the Red Carpet (in the list below, number 413)
Epirrhoe alternata, the Common Carpet (in the list below, number 362)
Entephria flavivinctata, the Yellow-ringed Carpet (in the list below, number 360)
Dysstroma (formerly Chloroclysta) citrata, the Dark Marble Carpet (in the list below, number 355)
Hydriomena furcata, the July Highflyer (in the list below, number 379)
There is another Geometridae butterfly below Hydriomena furcata, unidentified here.
In Noctuidae:
Syngrapha interrogationis, the Scarce Silver Y (in the list below, number 570)
Apamea maillardi, the Exile, (in the list below, number 537)
Photedes stigmatica, the Square-spotted Clay Moth (in the list below, number 564)
The other moths in the right column are in another photograph later in this list.

Below: a live moth during the FONT Iceland Tour in June 2015. In the family Geometridae.
(photo by Marie Gardner)

Abraxas grossulariata ______ ES (S:198) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Magpie Moth

Alcis repandata ______ ES (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Mottled Beauty

Alsophila aescularia ______ ES GB
March Moth

Angerona prunaria ______ ES (S:198) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Orange Moth

Anticlea cabrerai ______ CI (species described in 1962)

Anticlea derivata ______ GB
Streamer

Archiearis parthenias ______ ES (species described by Linnaeus in 1761)
Orange Underwing

Biston betularia ______ ES (S:198) (species described by Linnaeus in 1767)
Peppered Moth

Biston strataria ______ ES
Oak Beauty

Camptogramma bilineata ______ ES GB (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Yellow Shell

Catarhoe rubidata ______ ES GB(rare)
Ruddy Carpet

Charissa canariensis ______ CI

Chlorissa viridata ______ ES GB(rare)
Small Grass Emerald

Chloroclysta miata ______ ES (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)

Comibaena bajularia ______ ES GB
Blotched Emerald

Dysstroma citrata (ph) ______ GB IC NA (PNE:181)
Dark Marble Carpet

The Dark Marble Carpet was Chloroclysta citrata.

Host plants for the caterpillar include deciduous trees and low plants such as willows. Also alders and Rubus spp.

A picture of Dysstroma citrata, the Dark Marble Carpet, is above in this list, above number 342.

Ecliptopera silaceata (vu) ______ ES GB
Small Phoenix

Ennomos autumnaria ______ ES
Large Thorn

Entephria flavicinctata (ph) ______ GB(local) IC(south)
Yellow-ringed Carpet

A picture of Entephria flavicinctata, the Yellow-ringed Carpet, is above in this list, above number 342.

Entephria caesiata (ph) ______ ES GB IC NA
Gray Mountain Carpet

A picture of Entephria caesiata, the Gray Mountain Carpet, is above in this list, above number 342.

Epirrhoe alternata (ph) ______ ES GB IC NA (PNE:189)
Common Carpet

Another name for Epirrhoe alternata is the White-banded Toothed Carpet.

A picture of specimens of Epirrhoe alternata, the Common Carpet, is above in this list, above number 342.
Another picture, of a live moth, is below:

Common Carpet, White-banded Tooth Carpet,
photographed in the United States
(photo by Stephen Kloiber)

Epirrhoe galiata (vu) ______ ES GB(local)
Galium Carpet

Epirrhoe rivata ______ ES GB(local)
Wood Carpet

Epirrhoe tristata ______ ES GB (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Small Argent and Sable

Erannis defoliaria ______ ES GB IC NA (S:200)
Mottled Umber

Eulithis mellinata ______ ES GB
Spinach Moth

Eulithis populata ______ ES GB (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Northern Spinach Moth

Eulithis prunata ______ ES GB (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Phoenix

Eulithis pyraliata ______ GB
Barred Straw

Eulithis testata ______ ES GB (species described by Linnaeus in 1761)
Chevron

Eupithecia nanata ______ ES GB IC
Narrow-winged Pug

Eupithecia plumbeolata ______ ES GB IC
Lead-colored Pug

Eupithecia satyrata ______ ES GB IC NA
Satyr Pug

Eupithecia pusillata ______ GB IC NA (PNE:195)
Juniper Pug

The Juniper Pug has been Eupithecia sobrinata.

The subspecies Eupithecia pusillata interruptofasciata, in eastern North America, is sometimes treated as a species, Eupithecia interuptofasciata.
In the Old World, the caterpillars feed, as the common name implies, on juniper.
In the New World, there is a greater range of host plants, including apple, clover, raspberry, red currant, strawberry, and willow.

The forewings of the Juniper Pug are grayish brown with two distinctive black bands.

Geometra papilionaria (ph) ______ ES GB (S:194) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Large Emerald
(Range: across Eurasia)

The Large Emerald is a large, robust Geometrid moth that has, as its name suggests, green wings.
Green is definitely an unusual color for lepidopterans. Only in a few families is there an occasional green species, for example, in the noctuids and tortricids.
However, among the geometrids there is an entire subfamily, the GEOMETRINAE, whose members are colored various shades of green. Some 25 species of these are found in Europe.
The largest is the Large Emerald, from which the entire family GEOMETRIDAE gets its name. It inhabits broad-leaved forests in Europe and Asia, with its range extending as far east as Kamchatka and Sakhalin (in far-eastern Siberia). It prefers damp, rather warm, broad-leaved forests with birch, and valley forests with alder. This moth is not particularly abundant anywhere, but it is found most frequently in foothills.
The pattern on the wings is variable. The green coloration is not constant. When the moth emerges from the pupa it is dark green, but gradually it becomes increasingly lighter.

A Large Emerald, Geometra papilionaria
photographed in Norway
(photo by Karl Frafjord)
Hemistola chrysoprasaria (vu) ______ ES GB
Small Emerald
Hemithea aestivaria ______ ES GB
Common Emerald
Hydriomena furcata (ph) ______ ES GB IC NA
July Highflyer

Hydriomena furcata is abundant in northern Europe. In central Europe, it becomes more local.
In North America, it occurs from Newfoundland west to Alaska and British Columbia.

The name "July Highflyer" notwithstanding, the adult moth is on the wing from May to August.
The ground color ranges from green to brown. The dark cross bands vary in intensity and pattern.

A picture of Hydriomena furcata, the July Highflyer, is above in this list, above number 342.

Hypomecis roboraria ______ ES (S:199)
Great Oak Beauty

Idaea biselata ______ ES GB
Small Fan-footed Wave

Idaea eugeniata ______ SP

Idaea muricata ______ ES GB(rare)
Purple-bordered Gold

Idaea ochrata ______ GB
Bright Wave

Idaea rusticola ______ GB(local)
Least Carpet

Idaea sylvestraria ______ ES GB(rare)
Dot-bordered Wave

Jodis lactearia ______ ES GB(local) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Little Emerald

Lycia hirtaria ______ (S:200)
Brindled Beauty
(Range: western & northern Europe)

Lycia hirtaria is a generally brown and white Geometrid moth that is particularly effective at camouflage.
Mesoleuca albicillata ______ ES GB (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Beautiful Carpet
Operophtera brumata ______ ES GB IC NA (S:196) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Winter Moth
Opisthograptis luteolata ______ (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Brimstone Moth

Orthonama obstipata ______ GB IC(immigrant) NA (PNE:191)
Gem

Orthonama obstipata flies very well, so it is prone to vagrancy, and it can cross a considerable distance of open sea.
Thus, it can be found in the British Isles (although mainly in the south), and even on occasion in Iceland.

Orthonama vittata ______ ES GB
Oblique Carpet

Ourapteryx sambucaria ______ ES (S:201) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Swallow-tailed Moth
(Range: across Europe into temperate Asia)

Ourapteryx sambucaria is a relatively large Geometrid with a striking appearance. When found during the day, it can be mistaken for a butterfly.

Perizoma alchemillata ______ ES GB IC (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Small Rivulet

Perizoma blandiata ______ ES GB IC
Pretty Pinion

Plagodis dolabraria ______ ES (S:201) (species described by Linnaeus in 1767)
Scorched Wing

Pseudoterpna pruinata ______ GB
Grass Emerald

Rheumaptera hastata ______ ES GB IC NA (PNE:187) (S:197) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Argent and Sable

In North America, Rheumaptera hastata is called Spear-marked Black Moth. It is a day-flyer.

Host plants for caterpillars of Rheumaptera hastata are deciduous trees and shrubs, including, among others, alder, birch, poplar, and willow.

Rhodometra sacraria ______ CI ES GB(immigrant) SP (S:196) (species described by Linnaeus in 1767)
The Vestal

Rhodostrophia vibicaria ______ ES SP
Rose-banded Wave

Rhoptria asperaria ______ CI SP

Scopula decorata ______ ES SP
Middle Lace Border

Scopula emutaria ______ GB(rare)
Rosy Wave

Scopula ornata ______ ES GB(rare)
Lace Border

Scotopteryx bipunctaria ______ GB(rare)
Chalk Carpet

Selenia tetralunaria ______ ES (S:202)
Purple Thorn

Siona lineata ______ ES SP
Black-veined Moth

Timandra comae (vu) ______ ES GB
Blood-vein

Venusia cambrica ______ ES (S:197)
Welsh Wave

Xanthorhoe designata ______ ES GB IC
Flame Carpet
(Range: from Europe east across Asiatic Russia to Japan)

Subspecies of Xanthorhoe designata include:
Xanthorhoe designata faeroensis ______ in the Faeroe Islands
Xanthorhoe designata islandicaria ______ in Iceland, has a ground color more weakly marked than the other subspecies, often white, and has a median band that is pale in its center but commonly with widened black edgings.
Xanthorhoe designata designata

A picture of Xanthorhoe designata, the Flame Carpet, is above in this list, above number 342.

Xanthorhoe fluctuata ______ ES GB (S:197) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Garden Carpet

Xanthorhoe decoloraria (or munitata) ______ GB IC NA
Red Carpet

A picture of Xanthorhoe decoloraria, the Red Carpet, is above in this list, above number 342.

Family PTEROPHORIDAE: Plume Moths

Agdistis bifurcatus ______ CI (species described in 1952)

Agdistis frankeniae ______ CI

Agdistis heydeni ______ CI

Agdistis meridionalis ______ CI

Agdistis pseudocanariensis ______ CI (species described in 1973)

Agdistis salsolae ______ CI

Agdistis satanas ______ CI

Agdistis tamaricis ______ CI

Amblyptilia acanthadactyla ______ CI

Cnaemidophorus rhododactyla ______ ES

Crombrugghia distans ______ CI

Crombrugghia laetus ______ CI

Emmelina monodactyla ______ CI (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)

Pterophorus pentadactyla ______ ES (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
White Plume Moth
(Range: across Eurasia)

Pterophorus pentadactyla is a pure white moth. It, and others in its family, are commonly known as "plume moths" since their wings have the appearance of fine feathers. The forewing of this species is divided 2 two lobes, or ""plumes"", while its hindwing is divided into 3.
The White Plume Moth holds its wings out when it rests, adopting a T-shape. This is accentuated by the proportionally long, white hindlegs, which trail alongside its abdomen.
Stenoptila islandica ______ IC
Icelandic Plume
Stenoptila pterodactyla ______ ES (species described by Linnaeus in 1761)

Family PYRALIDAE (including the family CRAMBIDAE)

Acrobasis klimeschi ______ CI

Acrobasis obliqua ______ CI

Aglossa caprealis ______ CI

Aglossa pinguinalis ______ CI (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)

Bostra obsoletalis ______ SP

Crambus nemorella (has been C. pratellus) ______ (in the family Crambidae)

Crambus pascuella ______ ES GB IC NA (species described by Linnaeus in 1758) (in the family Crambidae)

Ectomyelois ceratoniae ______ GB IC(rare) NA
Carob Bean Moth

Ephestia kuehniella ______ ES GB IC(rare) NA
Mediterranean Flour Moth

Gesneria centuriella ______ ES IC NA (in the family Crambidae)

Herpetogramma licarsisalis ______ SP
Grass Webworm Moth

Metasia cuencalis ______ SP (in the family Crambidae)

Nomophila noctuella (ph) ______ ES GB IC(immigrant) SP NA (in the family Crambidae)
Rush Veneer

A picture of Nomophila noctuella, the Rush Veneer, is here, earlier in this list, between the skippers and the moths.

Nymphula nymphaeata ______ (in the family Crambidae)
Brown China-mark

Plodia interpunctella ______ ES GB IC(rare) NA
Indian Meal Moth
(Range: in Eurasia & North America)
Pyla fusca ______ GB IC NA
Pyralis farinalis ______ ES (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Meal Moth
Spoladea recurvalis ______ SP (in the family Crambidae)
Beet Webworm Moth
Udea ferrugalis (ph) ______ GB IC(immigrant) (in the family Crambidae)

A picture of Udea ferrugalis is here, earlier in this list, between the skippers and the moths.

Family LASIOCAMPIDAE, LAPPET MOTHS: These are stocky and often furry moths which unlike all others lack the wing-cupling device which distinguishes moths from butterflies.
Their CATERPILLARS are also hairy and they form egg-shaped cocoons, hence the common name for some in this family of EGGAR MOTHS.

Dendrolimus pini ______ ES GB(rare immigrant) (S:204) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Pine-tree Lappet

Eriogaster lanestris ______ ES GB(rare) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Small Eggar

Euthrix (formerly Philudoria) potatoria ______ ES GB (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Drinker

Gastropacha quercifolia ______ ES GB (S:204) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Lappet Moth
(Range: across Eurasia)

Gastropacha populifolia ______ ES

Lasiocampa quercus ______ ES GB (S:207) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Oak Eggar
(Range: across Europe and in North Africa)

Lasiocampa trifolii ______ ES GB(rare)
Grass Eggar

Macrothylacia rubi ______ ES GB (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
The Fox

Malacosoma castrensis ______ ES GB(rare) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Ground Lackey

Malacosoma neustria (vu) ______ ES GB IC(rare) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Lackey

Odonestis pruni ______ ES (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)

Phyllodesma ilicifolia ______ ES GB(extirpated) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Small Lappet

Phyllodesma japonica ______ ES

Poecilocampa populi ______ ES GB (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
December Moth

Trichiura crataegi (vu) ______ ES GB (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Pale Eggar

Family BRAHMAEIDAE: A small family of 20 or so described species in Africa, Asia, and Europe.
Acanthobrahmaea eurppaea ______ (S:217)
Hartig's Brahmaea

The Hartig's Brahmaea occurs in woodlands by the shores of a volcanic lake in Licania, Italy. It is now a protected species.
Lemonia dumi ______ ES (species described by Linnaeus in 1761)

Family SATURNIIDAE: A family of SILKMOTHS, known as EMPEROR MOTHS. They are large and attractive species, many of which spin a coarse silk for their cocoons.

Aglia tau ______ ES (S:222) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Tau Emperor

Aglia tau is sometimes placed in a separate family, SYSSPHINGIDAE.

Graellsia isabellae (ph) ______ SP (S:229)
Spanish Moon Moth

Graelisia isabellae is the single member of its genus. It is a relict species closely related to the genera ACTIAS in North America and eastern Asia, and ARGEMA in eastern Africa.

At the end of April and the beginning of May, the Spanish Moon Moth begins to hatch after overwintering in the cocoon.

The favored food of Graelisia isabellae are pines. The larvae feed on pine needles.

Spanish Moon Moth

Saturnia pavonia ______ ES GB (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Emperor Moth
(Range: across Europe, into Scandinavia)

Saturnia pyri ______
Greater (or Viennese) Emperor (another name is Great Peacock Moth) (S:235)
(Range: in southern Europe and North Africa and western Asia)

Saturnia pyra is Europe's largest moth, and generally it is observed in southern areas.

Family SPHINGIDAE: HAWK MOTHS: This family has around 1,000 species. They have a fast powerful flight and a particularly long tongue or proboscis. Many in this family resemble other types of insects and even birds, particularly hummingbirds.

Acherontia atropos (ph) ______ CI ES IC(immigrant) GB(migant) (S:236) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Death's-head Hawkmoth

Death's-head Hawkmoth, referring here to its occurrence in Iceland

Since his childhood, Halfdan Bjornsson observed butterflies and moths at Kuisker (in Iceland), catching them in traps or nets.
The solitary vagrants could never survive in the Icelandic climate, but Halfdan's collection is a unique archive of the species carried to Iceland across the ocean.
In 1941, he found a Death's-head Hawkmoth, Acheronttia atropos, on the shore below the farm. With a wingspan of 14 centimeters, it is the largest lepidoptera ever found in Iceland.

Agrius convolvuli (ph) ______ CI ES IC(immigrant) GB(migrant) NA (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Convolvulus Hawkmoth

A picture of Agrius convolvuli, the Convolvulus Hawkmoth, is here, earlier in this list, between the skippers and the moths.

Daphnis nerii ______ ES GB(migrant) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Oleander Hawkmoth

Deilephila elpenor ______ ES GB (S:245) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Elephant Hawkmoth

Deilephila porcellus ______ ES GB(local) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Small Elephant Hawkmoth

Hemaris fuciformis ______ ES GB(rare) SP (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Broad-bordered Bee Hawkmoth

Hemaris tityus ______ ES GB(rare) SP (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Narrow-bordered Bee Hawkmoth

Hippotion celerio ______ CI GB(migrant) (S:245)
Silver-striped Hawkmoth

Hyloicus pinastri ______ GB(local)
Pine Hawkmoth

During the 20th Century, a melanistic form of Sphinx ligustri began to appear in industrial regions.

Hyles euphorbiae ______ ES GB(migrant) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Spurge Hawkmoth

Hyles galli ______ ES GB(migrant, sometimes overwinters)
Bedstraw Hawkmoth

Hyles lineata (ph) ______ GB(vagrant) (S:245)
White-lined Sphinx
(Range: nearly worldwide, in Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, North America, and South America)

A White-lined Sphinx photographed during a FONT tour
(photo by Doris Potter)

Hyles livornica ______ CI ES GB(migrant)
Striped Hawkmoth

Hyles tithymali ______ CI

Laothoe amurensis ______ ES

Laothoe populi ______ ES GB (S:239) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Poplar Hawkmoth

Macroglossum stellatarum ______ CI ES IC(immigrant) GB SP (S:243) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Hummingbird Hawkmoth

Mimas tiliae ______ ES GB (S:240) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Lime Hawkmoth

Proserpinus proserpina ______ GB
Willowherb Hawkmoth

Smerinthus ocedllata ______ ES GB (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Eyed Hawkmoth

Sphinx ligustri ______ ES GB(south) (S:237) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Privet Hawkmoth
Sphinx pinastri ______ ES (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)

Family NOTODONTIDAE: A family with its members distinguished by hairy features. The moths have tufts of scales on the forewings which stand upright when the moth is at rest. As a result, they are usually referred to as PROMINENTS.

Cerura vinnula ______ (S:246)
Puss Moth
(Range: across Eurasia)

When threatened, Cerura vinnula raises its head, showing a pink "face" with false "eyes".

Stauropus fagi ______ (S:249)
Lobster Moth

Eligmodonta ziczac ______
Pebble Prominent

Notodonta dromedarius ______
Iron Prominent

Phalera bucephala ______
Buff-tip

Pygaera curtula ______
Chocolate-tip

Pygaera pigra ______
Small Chocolate-tip

Family THAUMETOPOEIDAE

Thaumesopoea pityocampa ______ SP
Pine Processionary

Family ARCTIIDAE: This family contains over 10,000 species worldwide and contains two distinct groups known as TIGER MOTHS and ERMINES.
The TIGER MOTHS have earned their popular name from their bright colors and eye-catching patterning. The coloring of these species is an indicator that they are poisonous. As with a number of butterflies, their displays of color act as a warning to potential predators.
ERMINES are pale, with black spots.

The family ARCTIIDAE has now been said to be part of the family EREBIDAE.

Arctia caja ______ GB (S:274) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Garden Tiger
(Range: in Europe and cooler parts of Asia; also in North America)

The caterpillar of Arctia caja is covered in poisonous spines, and is commonly referred to a a "Woolly Bear".

Arctia hebe (or Ammogiota festiva) ______

Arctia villica ______ GB(local)
Cream-spot Tiger

Callimorpha (formerly Panaxia) dominula (ph) ______ GB(local) SP (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Scarlet Tiger

Scarlet Tiger

Eilema albicosta ______ CI

Eilema complana ______ GB(rare)
Scarce Footman

Eilema pygmaeola ______ GB
Pygmy Footman

Euplagia quadripunctaria ______ GB SP
Jersey Tiger

Hypantria cunea (i) ______
Fall Webworm Moth

Hyphoraia aulica ______

Miltochrista miniata ______ GB(local)
Rosy Footman

Parasemia plantaginis ______ GB SP
Wood Tiger

Phragmatobia fuliginosa ______ GB (S:277)
Ruby Tiger

Setina irrorella ______ GB SP (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Dew Moth

Spiris striata ______ SP
Feathered Footman

Spilosoma lubricipeda (ph) ______ GB (S:278) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
White Ermine
(Range: across Eurasia)

The White Ermine is a relatively small Arctid moth with forewings that closely resemble the fur of its mammalian namesake, being pure white with black dots.

White Ermine

Spilosoma urticae ______ GB
Water Ermine

Spilosoma luteum ______ GB
Buff Ermine

Thumatha senex ______ GB
Round-winged Muslin

Tyria (formerly Callimorpha) jacobaeae (ph) ______ IC(rare) GB (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Cinnabar Moth

A picture of Tyria jacobaeae, the Cinnabar Moth, is here, earlier in this list, between the skippers and the moths.

Family YPONOMEUTIDAE: a family of Ermine Moths mostly in the tropics
Plutella senilella (ph) ______ IC
Plutella xylostella (ph) ______ GB IC(immigrant) NA
Diamondback Moth

A picture of Plutella xylostella. albeit a poor one, is earlier in this list, between the skippers and the moths.
But a much better one is here below:

Diamondback Moth
(photo by Stephen Kloiber)
Yponomeuta gigas ______ CI
Yponomeuta padella ______ CI (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Zellaeria oleastrella ______ CI
Zellaeria wolffi ______ CI (species described in 1983)

Family NOCTUIDAE, NOCTUID MOTHS: These can range from small micromoths to larger macromoths. Some are drab and unremarkable, while others are as striking as butterflies.
This is one of the largest families of moths containing over 25,000 species. It also includes a number of highly destructive caterpillars.

Moths in the family Noctuidae, in a collection in Iceland
Eurois occulta, the Great Brocade (in the list below, number 554)
Xylena vetusta, the Red Sword Grass Moth (in the list below, number 572)
Strandfussiana lucernea, the Northern Rustic (in the list below, number 569)
Rhyacia quadrangula (in the list below, number 567)
Diarsia mendica, the Ingrailed Clay (in the list below, number 550)

Acronicta alni ______ (species described by Linnaeus in 1767)
Alder Moth

Acronicta cuspis ______

Acronicta menyanthidis ______

Acronicta psi ______ (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Gray Dagger

Acronicta rumicis ______ (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Knot Grass

Acronicta tridens ______

Agrochola circellaris (ph) ______ GB IC(south)
the Brick

A picture of Agrochola circellaris, the Brick Moth, is here, earlier in this list, between the skippers and the moths.

Agrotis exclamationis ______ (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Heart and Dart

Agrotis ipsilon (ph) ______ GB IC(immigrant) NA
Dark Sword Grass Moth

A picture of Agrotis ipsilon, the Dark Sword Grass Moth, is here, earlier in the list, between the skippers and the moths.

Agrotis segetum ______
Turnip Moth

Amphipyra pyramidea ______ (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Copper Underwing

Amphipyra tragopogonis ______
The Mouse

Apamea maillardi (ph) ______ GB IC NA
The Exile

A picture of Apamea maillardi, the Exile, is above in this list, above number 342.

Autographa gamma (ph) ______ GB IC(immigrant) NA (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Silver Y Moth

A picture of Autographa gamma, the Silver Y Moth, is here, earlier in this list, between the skippers and the moths.

Blepharita adusta ______ GB IC NA
Dark Brocade

Callopistria latreillei ______ SP

Caradrina clavipalpis ______ GB IC(northwest)
Pale Mottled Willow

Catocala fraxini ______ GB IC(rare immigrant) (S:260)
Blue Underwing

Catocala nupta ______
Red Underwing

Catocala sponsa ______
Dark Crimson Underwing

Ceramica pisi ______ GB IC (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Broom Moth

Cerapteryx graminis ______ GB IC NA (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Antler Moth

Cucullia artemisiae ______
Scarce Wormwood

Cucullia verbasci ______
Mullein

Diachrysia chrysitis ______ (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Burnished Brass Moth

Diarsia mendica (ph) ______ GB IC
Ingrailed Clay

A picture of Diarsia mendica, the Ingrailed Clay, is above in this list, above number 525.

Ephesia fulminea ______

Eublemma parva ______ SP
Small Marbled

Eupsilia trnsversa ______ GB IC(south)
Satellite

Eurois occulta (ph) ______ GB IC NA (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Great Brocade

A picture of Eurois occulta, the Great Brocade, is above in this list, above number 525.

Euxoa islandica islandica ______ IC (a subspecies endemic to Iceland)
Iceland Dart

Mamestra brassicae ______ (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Cabbage Moth

Mamestra persicariae ______ (species described by Linnaeus in 1761)
The Dot

Mythimna pallens ______ (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Common Wainscot

Mythimna unipuncta ______ GB IC(immigrant) NA
White-speck (or American Wainscot)

Noctua fimbriata ______
Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing

Noctua pronuba ______ GB IC (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Large Yellow Underwing

Peridroma saucia ______ GB IC(immigrant) NA
Pearly Underwing

Phlogophora meticulosa (ph) ______ GB IC(immigrant) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Angle Shades

A picture of Phlogophora meticulosa, Angle Shades, is here, in this list, between the skippers and the moths.

Photedes stigmatica (ph) ______ GB IC(north)
Square-spotted Clay

A picture of Photedes stigmatica, the Square-spotted Clay, is above in this list, above number 342.

Pseudozarba bipartita ______ SP

Rhizedra lutosa ______ GB IC(immigrant)
Large Wainscot

Rhyacia quadrangula (ph) ______ IC NA

A picture of Rhyacia quadrangula is above in this list, above number 525.

Spodoptera cilium ______ SP
Dark Mottled Willow

Standfussiana lucernea (ph) ______ GB IC(south)
Northern Rustic

A picture of Strandfussiana lucernea, the Northern Rustic, is above in this list, above number 525.

Syngrapha interrogationis (ph) ______ GB IC (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Scarce Silver Y

A picture of Syngrapha interrogationis, the Scarce Silver Y, is above in this list, above number 342.

Xylena exsoleta ______ GB IC(south)
Sword Glass

Xylena vetusta (ph) ______ GB IC(south) NA
Red Sword Grass Moth

A picture of Xylena vetusta, the Red Sword Grass Moth, is above in this list, above number 525.

Family LYMANTRIIDAE: TUSSOCK-MOTHS: Those in this family are often slightly hairier than NOCTUID MOTHS. Within this family, only the male is capable of flight. The female is generally large-bodied and immobile, with wings that can not function.

The family LYMANTRIIDAE has now been said to be part of the family EREBIDAE.

Arctornis l-nigrum ______ GB
Black V Moth

Calliteara pudibunda ______ GB (S:268) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Pale Tussock

Dicallomera fascelina ______ GB(local) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Dark Tussock

Euproctis chrysorrhoea ______ GB (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Brown-tail

Euproctis similis ______ GB
Yellow-tail

Leucoma salicis ______ GB(local) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
White Satin

Lymantria dispar (ph) ______ GB(immigrant, former resident) NA(i) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Gypsy Moth
(Range: across Eurasia; introduced in North America in the 19th Century)

Males and females of Lymantria dispar are very different. The male is smaller with mottled brown, orange and yellow forewings, which are bordered with white and dark brown checkering. The female has creamy white wings with dark markings on the forewings, including a characteristic V shape near the leading edges. The borders of both of her wings are checkered with white and black. Her body is very large, and when carrying a huge egg sac, it doubles in size.

Gypsy Moths, showing the male & female
Lymantria monarcha ______ GB(local) (S:271) (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Black Arches Moth
Orgyia antiqua ______ GB IC(south) NA (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Vapourer
Orgyia recens ______ GB
Scarce Vapourer

Family ZYGAENIDAE: Burnet Moths In this family, those in the genus ZYGAENA are brightly-colored and day-flying moths of the Western Palearctic. Also known as Forester Moths and sometimes called Smoky Moths.

The moths are brightly-colored, and thus a warning to predators that they are distasteful. They contain hydrogen cyanide (HCN) throughtout all stages of their life-cycle. Unlike many insects with such toxins, they obtain glucosides from feeding on Birds-foot Trefoil (Lotus) so that they, themselves can use HCN as a defense.
However, they are capable of making their own HCN, and so when an environment is poor in cyanide-producing plants, they can synthesize it themselves.

Adscita geryon ______ GB SP
Cistus Forester

Adscita globulariae ______ GB
Scarce Forester

Adscita statices ______ ES GB (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Forester

Aglaope infausta ______ SP (species described by Linnaeus in 1787)
Almond Tree Leaf Skeletonizer Moth

Rhagades pruni (ph) ______ ES

The moth, Rhagades pruni, in Estonia

Zygaena anthyllidis ______ SP

Zygaena carniolica ______

Zygaena contaminei ______ SP

Zygaena ephialtes ______

Zygaena exulans ______ GB
Scotch Burnet

Zygaena fausta (ph) ______ SP (species described by Linnaeus in 1767)

Zyganena fausta in Spain

Zygaena filipendulae ______ ES GB (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
Six-spotted Burnet Moth

Zygaena hilaris ______ SP

Zygaena ignifera ______ SP

Zygaena lavandulae ______ SP

Zygaena loti ______ GB
Slender Scotch Burnet

Zygaena lonicerae ______ ES GB
Narrow-bordered Five-spot Burnet

Zygaena minos ______ ES

Zygaena nevadensis ______ SP

Zygaena occitanica ______ SP

Zygaena osterdensis ______ ES SP

Zygaena purpuralis ______ GB
Transparent Burnet

Zygaena rhadamanthus ______ SP

Zygaena sarpedon ______ SP

Zygaena transalpina ______ SP

Zygaena trifolii ______ GB
Five-spot Burnet

Zygaena viciae ______ ES GB
New Forest Burnet

Family SESIIDAE: Clearwing Moths

Bembecia handiensis ______ CI (species described in 1997)

Bembecia vulcanica ______ CI (species described in 1969)

Pennisetia hylaeiformis ______

Pyropteron (or Bembecia) chrysidiformis ______ SP
Fiery Clearwing

Sesia apiformis ______ SP
Hornet Clearwing

Synanthedon tipuliformis ______
Currant Clearwing

Family GRACILLARIIDAE: about 200 species in Europe out of about 2,000 worldwide
Aspilapteryx multipunctella ______ CI
Caloptilia aurantiaca ______ CI
Caloptila coruscans ______ CI
Caloptila laurifoliae ______ CI
Caloptila robustella ______ CI (species described in 1972)
Caloptila staintoni ______ CI
Dialectica hedemanni ______ CI
Dialectica scalariella ______ CI
Graciliaria syringella ______
Lilac Leaf Miner
Leucospilapteryx omissella ______ CI
Phyllocnistis canariensis ______ CI
Phyllocnistis citrella ______ CI
Phyllonorycter bartolomella ______ CI (species described in 1968)
Phyllonorycter blancardella ______
Phyllonorycter cytisella ______ CI
Phyllonorycter cytisifoliae ______ CI
Phyllonorycter foliolosi ______ CI
Phyllonorycter juncei ______ CI
Phyllonorycter kleemannella ______
Phyllonorycter klimeschiella ______ CI
Phyllonorycter messaniella ______ CI
Phyllonorycter spartocytisi ______ CI
Phyllonorycter sylvella ______

Family TORTRICIDAE: Tortrix Moths
Acleris ferrugana ______ GB IC NA
Rusty Button
Acleris maccana (ph) ______ GB IC NA
Marbled Button

A picture of Acleris maccana, the Marbled Button, is below in this list, below number 652.
Acleris notana (ph) ______ IC

A picture of Acleris notana is below in this list, below number 652.
Apotomis sororuculana (ph) ______ GB IC

A picture of Apotomis sororuculana is below in this list, below number 652.
Eana osseana (ph) ______ GB IC NA
Dotted Shade

A picture of Eana osseana, the Dotted Shade, is below in this list, below number 652.

Epinotia caprana ______ GB IC(west)

Epinotia solandriana ______ GB IC NA

Hedya nubiferana ______
Marbled Orchard Tortrix

Lobesia littoralis (ph) ______ GB IC
the Marble

A picture of Lobesia littoralis, the Marble, is below in this list, below number 652.

Olethreutes suderana ______

Rhyacionia buoliana ______
Pine-shoot Moth

Tortrix viridana ______
Green Oak Tortrix

Zeiraphera griseana ______ IC
Larch Tortrix

Moths in a collection in Iceland, in the families Cochylidae, Oecophoridae,
Tineidae, Tortricinae, Yponomeutidae

In the left column:
In Tineidae:
Tineola bisselliella, the Webbing Clothes Moth   (in the list below, number 684)
Monopis laevigella (formerly rusticella), the Skin Moth (in the list below, number 682)
In Yponomeutidae:
Plutella senilella (in the list above, number 520)
In Oecophoridae:
Endrosis sarcitrella, the White-shouldered Hawk Moth (in the list below, number 675)
Hofmannophila pseudospretella, the Brown House Moth (in the list below, number 677)

In the right column:
In Tortricinae:
Eana osseana, the Dotted Shade (in the list above, number 644)
Acleria maccana, the Marbled Button (in the list above, number 641)
Acleria notana (in the list above, number 642)
Apotomis sororculana (in the list above, number 643)
Lobesia littoralis, the Marble (in the list above, number 648)
In Cochylidae:
Cochylia dubitana (in the list below, number 653)

Family COCHYLIDAE (closely allied to TORTIRICIDAE)

Cochylis dubitana (ph) ______ GB IC

A picture of Cochylis dubitana is above in this list, below number 652.

Family COSSIDAE: MIller Moths

Cossus cossus ______
Goat Moth

Stygia hades ______ CI

Stygia nilssoni ______ CI

Wiltshirocossus aries ______ CI

Zeuzera pyrina (ph) ______
Leopard Moth

Leopard Moth
(photo by Stephen Kloiber)

Family ADELIDAE

Adela degeerella ______

Adela reaumurella ______

Family GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE: Sedge Moths

Acrolepiopsis vesperella ______ CI

Digitivalva pappella ______ CI

Glyphipterix equitella ______ CI

Glyphipterix fortunatella ______ CI

Glyphipterix pygmaeella ______ CI

Glyphipterix simplicella ______ GB IC(west)
Cocksfoot Moth
Glyphipterix umbilici ______ CI

Family HEPIALIDAE

Hepialus humuli ______
Ghost Moth

Hepialus humuli ______
Gold Swift

Family GELECHIIDAE: Twirler Moths

Bryotropha similis ______ GB IC NA

Gnorimoschema valesiellum ______ GB IC NA

Scrobipalpa atriplicella ______ GB IC NA
Orache Groundling

Scrobipalpa samadensis ______ GB IC
Groundling

Family OECOPHORIDAE: Concealer Moths

Diurnea fagella ______

Endrosis sarcitrella (ph) ______ GB IC(rare) NA
White-shouldered House Moth

A picture of Endrosis sarcitrella, the White-shouldered House Moth, is above in this list, below number 652.

Harpella forficella ______ CI

Hofmannophila pseudospretella (ph) ______ GB IC(rare) NA
Brown House Moth

A picture of Hofmannophila pseudospretella, the Brown House Moth, is in this list, below number 652.
Oecophor bractella ______

Family COLEOPHORIDAE

Coleophora algidella ______ IC
a case moth

Coleophora alticolella ______ GB IC NA
a case moth

Family GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE

Glyphipterix simplicella ______ GB IC

Family TINEIDAE

Monopis laevigella (formerly rusticella) (ph) ______ GB IC(rare) NA
Skin Moth

A picture of Monopis laevigella, the Skin Moth, is above in this list, below number 652.

Nemapogon personellus ______ GB IC(rare)
Clothes Moth

Tineola bisselliella (ph) ______ GB IC(rare) NA
Webbing Clothes Moth

A picture of Tineola bisselliella, the Webbing Clothes Moth, is above in this list, below number 652.

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