SPAIN BIRDS
during Focus On Nature Tours 

(including the Canary Islands
 off northwest Africa,
 and Gibraltar, Morocco, Andorra, 
 & adjacent France & Portugal)

1992 thru 2010

(during the months of: January, April, May, 
 June, July, September, October, December)

List compiled by Armas Hill.

Upper Right Photo: GREAT BUSTARD



There have been 24 FONT birding tours in Spain, during which 290 species of birds have cumulatively been found.

Spanish bird names follow English names in the first line.
Scientific names in the second line.

Birds found in region of Catalunya (in NE Spain) also have
names in Catalan language.

Codes:

a: in Southern Spain (Andalusia) & Gibraltar
b: in Extremadura and the Gredos Mountains
c: in NE Spain (the Pyrenees, Steppes, and Ebro Delta)
d: in the Canary Islands
e: Andorra
g: Gibraltar
f: adjacent France
m: Morocco
p: Portugal

(t): a globally threatened or rare species.
  (t1): critical
  (t2): endangered
  (t3): vulnerable
(nt): near-threatened species
(cd): conservation dependent species
(Ee): endangered in Europe
(Ev): vulnerable in Europe
(Er): rare in Europe
(Ed): has declined in Europe
(El): localized in Europe
All of above designations by Birdlife International.

(i): an introduced species


Links:

Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours in Spain

A Cumulative List of Birds during FONT Tours in Europe  (with some photos)

Directory of Photos in this Website

Bird-List:

1. Black-throated Loon  (Colimbo Artico)  (Ev) ______  c  (has been called Black-throated Diver & Arctic Loon) 
   Gavia a. arctica
   
   
2. Great Crested Grebe  (Somormujo Lavanco) ______  abc
   Podiceps c. cristatus
   
   
3. Black-necked Grebe  (Zampullin Cuellinegro) ______  ac  (has been called Eared Grebe in North America)
   Podiceps n. nigricollis
   
   
4. Little Grebe (or "Dabchick")  (Zampullin Chico) ______  abc
   Tachybaptus r. ruficollis
   
   
5. Balearic Shearwater  (Pardela Pichoneta) ______  a  (previously considered conspecific with Manx & Yelkouan Shearwaters, as part of the Manx)
   Puffinus mauretanicus  (monotypic)
   
   
6. Cory's Shearwater  (Pardela Cenicienta)  (Ev) ______  adm
   Calonectris d. diomedea ('Scoploi's Shearwater")  (offshore in Spain)
   Calonectris diomedea borealis  (in Canary Islands)
   
   
7. Macaronesian Shearwater  (Pardela Chica)  (Ev)  ______  d  (was included in the former, more wide-ranging Little Shearwater; now said to be more closely related to the Audubon's Shearwater. There is a race of the Audubon's Shearwater in the eastern Atlantic, breeding on Cape Verde Island. With new taxonomy, the Little Shearwater now has a range restricted to the Indian and southwestern Pacific Oceans, near Australia & New Zealand.) 
   Puffinus baroli  (monotypic)
   
   
8. Bulwer's Petrel  (Petrel de Bulwer)  (Ev) ______ d
   Bulweria b. bulwerii
   
   
9. Northern Gannet  (Alcatraz Comun)  (El)  ______  acgm
   Morus (formerly Sula) bassena  (monotypic)
   
   
10. European Shag  (Cormoran Monudo)  ______ g
    Leucocarbo (formerly Phalacrocorax) a. aristotelis
    
    
11. Great Cormorant  (Cormoran Grande) ______ abc
    Phalacrocorax c. carbo
    
    
12. Grey Heron  (Garza Real)  ______ abcdp
    Ardea c. cinerea
    
    
13. Purple Heron  (Garza Imperial)  (Ev) ______ ac
    Ardea p. purpurea
    
    
14. Great Egret  (Garceta Grande)  ______ c
    Casmerodius (has been Ardea) alba
    
    
15. Little Egret  (Garceta Comun)  ______ abcp
    Egretta g. garzetta
    
    
16. Western Cattle Egret  (Garcilla Bueyera)  ______ abcp
    Bubulcus ibis
    
    
17. Squacco Heron  (Garcilla Cangrejara)  (Ev) ______ ac
    Ardeola ralloides  (monotypic)
    
    
18. Black-crowned Night-Heron  (Martinete)  (Ed) ______ abc
    Nycticorax n. nycticorax
    
    
19. Little Bittern  (Avetorillo Comun)  (Ev) ______ ac
    Ixobrychus m. minutus
    
    
20. Glossy Ibis  (Morito)  (Ed) ______ a
    Plegadis falcinellus  (now monotypic)
    
    
21. Eurasian Spoonbill  (Espatula)  (Ee) ______ abd
    Platalea l. leucorodia
    
    
22. White Stork  (Ciguena Comun)  (Ev) ______ abc
    Ciconia c. ciconia
    
    
23. Black Stork  (Ciguena Negra)  (Er) ______ b
    Ciconia nigra  (monotypic)
    
    
24. Greater Flamingo  (Flamenco)  (El) ______ ac  (was conspecific with what's now the American Flamingo)
    Phoenicopterus roseus  (monotypic)
    
    
25. Mute Swan  (Cisne Vulgar) (i) ______ a
    Cygnus olor  (monotypic)
    
    
26. Greylag Goose  (Ansar Comun)  ______ a
    Anser a. anser
    
    
27. Common Shelduck  (Torro Blanco)  ______ ac
    Tadorna tadorna  (monotypic)
    
    
28. Mallard  (Anade Real)  ______ abc
    Anas p. platyrhynchos
    
    
29. Gadwall  (Anade Friso)  (Ev)  ______ ac
    Anas s. stepera 
    
    
30. Eurasian Teal  (Cerceta Comun)  ______ ac  (was considered conspecific with the Green-winged Teal of North America, Anas carolinensis)
    Anas c. crecca
    
    
31. Garganey  (Cerceta Carretona)  (Ev) ______ c
    Anas querquedula  (now monotypic)
    
    
32. Northern Pintail  (Anade Rabudo)  (Ev)  ______ a
    Anas acuta  (monotypic)
    
    
33. Eurasian Wigeon  (Anade Silbon) ______ a
    Anas penelope  (monotypic)
    
    
34. Northern Shoveler  (Pato Cuchara)  ______ ac
    Anas clypeata  (monotypic)
    
    
35. Marbled Duck  (Cerceta Pardilla)  (t3) (Ee)  ______ a
    Marmaronetta angustirostris  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
36. Red-crested Pochard  (Pato Colorado) (Ed) ______ ac
    Netta rufina  (monotypic)
    
    
37. Common Pochard  (Porron Comun) ______ abc
    Aythya ferina  (monotypic)
    
    
38. Tufted Duck  (Porron Monudo)  ______ a
    Aythya fuligula  (monotypic)
    
    
39. Ferruginous Duck  (Porron Pardo)  (nt) (Ev)  ______ ac  (has also been called White-eyed Pochard)
    Aythya nyroca  (monotypic)
    
    
40. Black Scoter  (Negron Comun)  ______ c (was considered conspecific with what's now the American Scoter, Melanitta americana)
    Melanitta nigra
    
    
41. Red-breasted Merganser  (Serreta Mediana)  ______ a
    Mergus serrator  (monotypic)
    
    
42. White-headed Duck  (Malvasia)  (t2) (Ee) ______ a
    Oxyura leucocophala  (monotypic)
    
    
43. Osprey  (Aguila Pescadora)  (Er) ______ ac
    Pandion h. haliaetus  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
44. Red Kite  (Milano Real)  ______ abcf
    Milvus m. milvus  (the other subspecies is in the Cape Verde Islands)
    
    
45. Black Kite  (Milano Negro)  (Ev)  ______ abc
    Milvus m. migrans
    
    
46. Black-winged Kite  (Azor)  (Ev) ______ b    
    Elanus c. caeruleus
    
    
47. Egyptian Vulture  (Alimoche)  (Ee) ______ abcdf
    Neophron p. percnopterus
    
    
48. Bearded Vulture  (Quebrantahuesos)  (Ee) ______ ce  (has also been called Lammergeier)
    Gypaetus b. barbatus
    
    
49. Cinereous Vulture  (Buitre negro)  (nt) (Ev)  ______ b  (has been known as the Eurasian Black Vulture; another name has been Monk Vulture)
    Aegypius monachus  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus) 
    
    
50. Griffon Vulture  (Buitre comun)  (Er)  ______ abcef
    Gyps f. fulvus
    
    
51. Eurasian Sparrowhawk  (Gavilan) ______ abd
    Accipiter n. nisus (in Spain)
    Accipiter nisus granti  (in Canary Islands, an endemic subspecies) 
    
    
52. Northern Goshawk  (Elanio Azul)  ______  c
    Accipiter g. gentilis
    
    
53. Common Buzzard  (Ratonero Comun)  ______  abcdefp
    Buteo b. buteo  (in Spain)
    Buteo buteo insularum  (in Canary Islands, an endemic subspecies)
    
    
54. European Honey-Buzzard  (Abejero Europeo)  ______  acf 
    Pernis apivorus  (monotypic)
    
    
55. Short-toed Snake-Eagle  (Aguila Culebrera)  (Er)  ______  abce
    Circaetus gallicus  (monotypic)
    
    
56. Bonelli's Eagle  (Aguila perdicera)  (Ee) ______ acf
    Hieraaetus f. fasciatus  
    
    
57. Booted Eagle  (Aguila calzada)  (Er) ______  abcp
    Hieraaetus pennatus  (now monotypic)  
    
    
58. Golden Eagle  (Aguila real)  (Er) ______ cef
    Aquila chrysaetos homeyeri  (race in Iberia & N Africa) 
    
    
59. Spanish Imperial Eagle  (Aguila imperial)  (t3) (Ee) ______ ab  (has also been called Adalbert's Eagle)
    Aquila adalberti  (monotypic)
    
    
60. Western Marsh Harrier  (Aguilucho lagunero)  ______ ac  (was conspecific with the Eastern Marsh Harrier of Asia, and when so it was called the Northern Marsh Harrier)
    Circus aeruginosus
    
    
61. Hen Harrier  (Aguilucho palido)  (Ev) ______ a  (considered distinct from the Northern Harrier of North America) 
    Circus c. cyaneus
    
    
62. Montagu's Harrier  (Aguilucho cenizo) ______ abcf
    Circus pygargus  (monotypic)
    
    
63. Peregrine Falcon  (Halcon comun)  (Er) ______ abcf
    Falco peregrinus brookeri (in Iberia, largely sedentary)
    Falco p. peregrinus (in much of Europe, some winter in Iberia)
    Falco peregrinus calidus (breeds in northern Eurasia, highly migratory in western part of range south to Africa) 
    
    
64. Barbary Falcon  (Halcon de berberia)  (Er) ______ d
    Falco p. pelegrinoides
    
    
65. Northern Hobby  (Alcotan)  ______ abcf
    Falco s. subbuteo
    
    
66. Eleonora's Falcon  (Falcon de Eleonora)  (Er) ______ d
    Falco eleonorae  (monotypic)
    
    
67. Merlin  (Esmerejon) ______ b
    Falco columbarius aesalon
    
    
68. Lesser Kestrel  (Cernicalo primilla)  (t3) (Ev) ______ ab
    Falco naumanni  (monotypic)
    
    
69. Eurasian Kestrel  (Cernicalo vulgar)  (Ed)  ______ abcdefp
    Falco t. tinnunculus (in Spain)
    Falco tinnunculus canariensis  (in western Canary Is., endemic)
    Falco tinnunculus dacotiae  (in eastern Canary Is. inc. Fuerteventura, endemic)
    
    
70. Grey Partridge  (Perdiz Pardilla)  (Ev) ______ c  (has also been called Hungarian Partridge)
    Perdix perdix
    
    
71. Red-legged Partridge (Perdiz comun)  (Ev) ______ abc
    Alectoris rufa
    
    
72. Barbary Partridge  (Perdiz Moruna)  (Ee)  ______ dg
    Alectoris barbara koenigi
    
    
73. Common Quail  (Codorniz)  (Ev) ______ac
    Coturnix c. coturnix
    
    
74. Common Pheasant  (Faisan Vulgar)  ______ a
    Phasianus colchicus
    
    
75. Water Rail  (Rascon Europeo)  ______ bc
    Rallus a. aquaticus
    
    
76. Baillon's Crake  (Polluela Chica)  (Er)  ______ a
    Porzana pusilla intermedia
    
    
77. Common Moorhen  (Polla de Agua)  ______  abc  (has been called Common Gallinule in the Americas)
    Gallinula c. chloropus
    
    
78. Purple Swamphen  (Calamon Comun)  (Er)  ______ ac  
    Porphyrio p. porphyrio
    
    
79. Eurasian Coot  (Focha Comun)  ______ abcd
    Fulica a. atra
    
    
80. Red-knobbed Coot ______ a  (has also been called Crested Coot)
    Fulica cristata  (monotypic) 
    
    
81. Common Crane  (Grulla Comun)  (Ev)  ______ a
    Grus g. grus
    
    
82. Great Bustard  (Avutarda)  (t3) (Ed)  ______ bc  (IN PHOTO AT TOP OF LIST)
    Otis t. tarda  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
83. Little Bustard  (Sison)  (nt) (Ev)  ______ bc
    Tetrax tetrax  (now monotypic) (the single member of its genus)
    
    
84. Houbara Bustard  (Hubara)  (nt) (Ee)  ______ d
    Chamydotis undulata fuertaventurae  (an endemic subspecies on a single island in the Canaries; the other subspecies in North Africa) (The MacQueen's Bustard of southern Asia was formerly considered conspecific.)
    
    
85. Grey Plover  (Chorlito Gris)  ______ ac  (has been called Black-bellied Plover in the Americas)
    Pluvialis s. squatarola
    
    
86. European Golden Plover  (Chorlito Dorado Comun) ______ ac
    Pluvialis apricaria (2 subspecies in Spain: P. a. apricaraia & P. a. altifrons)
    
    
87. Eurasian Dotterel  (Chorlito Carambolo)  ______ c
    Charadrius (formerly Eudromias) morinellus  (monotypic) 
    
    
88. Little Ringed Plover  (Chorlitejo Chico) ______ abcd
    Charadrius dubius curonicus
    
    
89. Common Ringed Plover  (Chorlitejo Grande)  ______ abc
    Charadrius hiaticula  (3 subspecies occur in Spain)
    
    
90. Kentish Plover  (Chorlitejo Patinegro)  (Ed)  ______ ac  (was conspecific with the Snowy Plover of North & South America)
    Charadrius a. alexandrinus
    
    
91. Northern Lapwing  (Avefria)  ______ ab
    Vanellus vanellus  (monotypic)
    
    
92. Eurasian Stone-Curlew  (Alcaravan)  (Ev)  ______ abcd
    Burhinus o. oedicnemus  (in Spain)
    Burhinus oedicnemus distinctus (1 of 2 subspecies endemic to the Canary Is.; B. o. distinctus on the western Canaries; B. o. insularum on the eastern Canaries)
    
    
93. Eurasian Oystercatcher  (Ostrero)  ______ ac
    Haematopus o. ostralegus
    
    
94. Pied Avocet  (Avoceta) ______ ac
    Recurvirostra avosetta
    
    
95. Black-winged Stilt  (Ciguenuela)  ______ abc
    Himantopus h. himantopus
    
    
96. Cream-colored Courser  (Corredor)  (Ev)  ______ d
    Cursorius cursor bannermani  (this subspecies of the Canary Islands now said to be merged into the widespread Cursorius c. cursor)
    
    
97. Collared Pratincole  (Canastera)  (Ee)  ______  abc
    Glareola p. pratincola
    
    
98. Ruddy Turnstone  (Vuelvepiedras)  ______ ac
    Arenaria i. interpres
    
    
99. Dunlin (Ev) ______ (Correlimos Comun)  (Ev)  ______ ac
    Calidris a. alpina  (two other subspecies, schinzii & arctica, may pass through Spain in migration)
    
    
100. Curlew Sandpiper  (Correlimos Zarapitin)  ______ ac
     Calidris ferruginea  (monotypic)
     
     
101. Red Knot (El)  (Correlimos Gordo)  (El)  ______ a
     Calidris canutus islandica
     
     
102. Sanderling  (Correlimos Tridactilo)  ______  ac
     Calidris a. alba
     
     
103. Little Stint  (Correlimos Menudo)  ______  ac
     Calidris minuta  (monotypic)
     
     
104. Temminck's Stint  (Correlimos de Temminck)  ______ a
     Calidris temminckii  (monotypic)
     
     
105. Wood Sandpiper (Ed)  (Andarrios Bastardo)  ______ ac
     Tringa glareola  (monotypic)
     
     
106. Common Greenshank  (Archibebe Claro)  ______ ac
     Tringa nebularia  (monotypic)
     
     
107. Common Redshank (Ed)  (Archibebe Comun)  ______  ac
     Tringa t. totanus
     
     
108. Spotted Redshank  (Archibebe Oscuro)  ______ ac
     Tringa erythropus  (monotypic)
     
     
109. Green Sandpiper  (Andarrios Grande)  ______ abc
     Tringa ochropus  (monotypic)
     
     
110. Common Sandpiper  (Andarrios Chico)  ______ ac
     Actitis hypoleucos  (monotypic)
     
     
111. Ruff / Reeve  (Combatiente)  ______ ac
     Philomachus pugnax  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
     
     
112. "Eurasian" Whimbrel  (Zarapito Trinador)  ______ ac (considered conspecific with the "American" Whimbrel, Numenius p. hudsonicus) 
     Numenius p. phaeopus
     
     
113. Eurasian Curlew  (Zarapito Real)  (Ed)  ______ ac
     Numenius a. arquata
     
     
114. Black-tailed Godwit  (Aguja Colinegra) (Ev)  ______ ac
     Limosa l. limosa
     
     
115. Bar-tailed Godwit  (Aguja Colipinta)  (El)  ______ ac
     Limosa l. lapponica
     
     
116. Common Snipe  (Agachadiza Comun)  ______ ab  (was considered conspecific with what's now the Wilson's Snipe of North America, Gallinago delicata)
     Gallinago g. gallinago
     
     
117. Audouin's Gull  (Gaviota de Audouin)  (nt) (El)  ______ ac
     Larus audouinii  (monotypic)
     
     
118. Slender-billed Gull  (Gaviota Picofina)  ______ ac
     Chroicocephalus (formerly Larus) genei  (monotypic)
     
     
119. Black-headed Gull  (Gaviota Reidora)  ______ abcgp
     Chroicocephalus (formerly Larus) ridibundus  (monotypic)
     
     
120. Mediterranean Gull  (Gaviota Cabecinegra)  ______ acg
     Larus melanocephalus  (monotypic)
     
     
121. Little Gull  (Gaviota enana)  (Ed)  ______  c
     Hydrocoloeus (formerly Larus) minutus  (monotypic)
     
     
122. "European" Herring Gull  (Gaviota Argentea)  ______ c  (by some considered distinct from the  "American" Herring Gull of North America, Larus argentatus smithsonianus, and the "Vega Gull" of Asia, Larus vegae) 
     Larus a. argentatus  (another subspecies L. a. argenteus winters south to Spain) 
     
     
123. Yellow-legged Gull  (Gaviota patiamarilla)  ______ abcdg
     Larus cachinnans michahellis  (in Spain)
     Larus michahellis atlantis  (in Canary Islands) 
     
     
124. Lesser Black-backed Gull  (Gaviota Sombria)  ______ acg  
     Larus fuscus graellsii  
     
     
125. Great Black-backed Gull  (Gavion)  ______ ac
     Larus marinus  (monotypic)
     
     
126. Mew Gull  (Gaviota Cana)  (Ed)  ______ c  (has been called Common Gull in Europe)
     Larus c. canus
     
     
127. Gull-billed Tern  (Pagaza Piconegra)  (Ee) ______ ac
     Gelochelidon (formerly Sterna) n. nilotica
     
     
128. Caspian Tern  (Pagaza Piquirroja)  (Ee)  ______ ac
     Hydroprogne (formerly Sterna) caspia  (monotypic)
     
     
129. Lesser Crested Tern (EUr) ______  c
     Thalasseus (formerly Sterna) bengalensis emigrata 
     
     
130. Sandwich Tern  (Charran Patinegro)  (Ed)  ______ ac
     Thalasseus (formerly Sterna) s. sandvicensis
     
     
131. Common Tern  (Charran Comun)  ______ abc
     Sterna h. hirundo
     
     
132. Little Tern  (Charrancito) (Ed)  ______ abc
     Sternula (formerly Sterna) a. albifrons
     
     
133. Black Tern  (Fumarel Comun)  (Ed)  ______ abc
     Chlidonias n. niger
     
     
134. Whiskered Tern  (Fumarel Cariblanco)  (Ed)  ______ ac
     Chlidonias h. hybridus
     
     
135. Great Skua  (Pagalo Grande)  ______ ad
     Stercorarius (formerly Catharacta) skua  (monotypic)
     
     
136. Razorbill  (Alca Comun)  ______ a
     Alca torda islandica
     
     
137. Pin-tailed Sandgrouse  (Ganga Comun)  (Ee)  ______ c
     Pterocles a. alchata
     
     
138. Black-bellied Sandgrouse  (Ortega)  (Ev)  ______ abcd
     Pterocles orientalis aragonica
     
     
139. Rock (& Feral) Pigeon  (Paloma Livia)  ______ abcdegp
     Columba livia  (mostly feral, but some wild)
     Columba l. canariensis   (in Canary Is., endemic)
     
     
140. Stock Dove (or Stock Pigeon)  (Paloma Zurita) ______ bc
     Columba o. oenas
     
     
141. Common Wood Pigeon  (Paloma Torcaz)  ______ abc
     Columba p. palumbus
     
     
142. Eurasian Collared Dove  (Tortola Turca)  ______ abcdp
     Streptopelia d. decaocto
     
     
143. African Collared Dove  (i)  (Tortola de Cabeza Rosa)  ______  d
     Streptopelia roseogrosea
     
     
144. European Turtle Dove  (Tortola Comun)  (Ed)  ______ abcde
     Streptopelia t. turtur
     
     
145. Bolle's Pigeon  (Paloma Turque)  (nt) (Ev)  ______ d  (has also been called Dark-tailed Laurel Pigeon) (endemic to the western Canary Islands: Tenerife, Gomera, & La Palma)
     Columba bolli  (monotypic)
     
     
146. Laurel Pigeon  (Paloma Rabiche)  (t3) (Ev)  ______ d  (has been called White-tailed Laurel Pigeon) (endemic to the western Canary Islands: Tenerife, Gomera, & La Palma) 
     Columba junoniae  (monotypic)
     
     
147. Monk Parakeet (i) ______  cd
     Myiopsitta monachus cotorra
     
     
148. Great Spotted Cuckoo  (Crialo)  ______ ab
     Clamator glandarius  (monotypic)
     
     
149. Common Cuckoo  (Cuco)  ______ abce
     Cuculus canorus bangsi
     
     
150. Barn Owl  (Lechuza Comun)  (Ed)  ______ abcd
     Tyto a. alba  (in Spain & western Canary Is.)
     (Another subspecies, Tyto a. gracilirostris, occurs (and is endemic) in the eastern Canary Islands.)  
     
     
151. Eurasian Eagle-Owl  (Buho Real)  (Ev)  ______ bc
     Bubo b. bubo  (in Pyrenees Mtns)
     Bubo bubo hispanus  (elsewhere in Spain)
     
     
152. Eurasian Scops Owl  (Autillo)  (Ed)  ______ bcf
     Otus scops mallorcae
     
     
153. Little Owl  (Mochuelo Comun)  (Ed)  ______  abc
     Athene noctua vidalii
     
     
154. Tawny Owl  (Carabo Comun) ______ ab
     Strix aluco sylvtica
     
     
155. European Nightjar  (Chotacabras Gris)  (Ed) ______  ac
     Caprimulgus europaeus meridionalis
     
     
156. Red-necked Nightjar ______ (Chotacabras Pardo)  ______ ab
     Caprimulgus r. ruficollis
     
     
157. Common Swift ______ (Vencejo Comun)  ______ abcefgm
     Apus a. apus
     
     
158. Alpine Swift  (Vencejo Real)  ______ abc
     Tachymarptis (formerly Apus) m. melba  
     
     
159. Pallid Swift  (Vencejo Palido)  ______ acdm
     Apus pallidus brehmorum  (in Spain & Canary Is.)
     
     
160. White-rumped Swift  (Vencejo Cafre)  ______ ab
     Apus caffer  (monotypic)
     
     
161. Little Swift ______  m
     Apus affinis galilejensis
     
     
162. Plain Swift  (Vencejo Unicolor)  ______ d  (a Macaronesian endemic breeder)
     Apus unicolor  (monotypic)
     
     
163. Common Kingfisher  (Martin Pescador)  (Ed)  ______  abc
     Alcedo a. atthis  (Another subspecies, A. a. ispida breeds north of Spain, and migrates south to it outside its breeding season)  
     
     
164. European Bee-eater  (Abejaruco) (Ed)  ______ abc
     Merops apiaster  (monotypic)
     
     
165. European Roller  (Carraca)  (Ed)  ______ abc
     Coracias g. garrulus
     
     
166. Eurasian Hoopoe  (Abubilla)  ______ abc
     Upupa e. epops
     
     
167. Eurasian Wryneck  (Torcecuello)  (Ed)  ______ a
     Jynx t. torquilla
     
     
168. Black Woodpecker  (Pito Negro)  ______ c
     Dryocopus m. martius
     
     
169. "Iberian" Green Woodpecker  (Pito Teal)  (Ed)  ______ abc (a race of the European Green Woodpecker)
     Picus viridis sharpei
     
     
170. Great Spotted Woodpecker  (Pico Picapinos)  ______ abce
     Dendrocopos major hispanus
     
     
171. Dupont's Lark  (Alondra de Dupont)  (Ev)  ______ c
     Chersophilus d. duponti  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
172. Greater Short-toed Lark  (Terrera Comun)  (Ev)  ______ abc
     Calandrella b. brachydactyla
     
     
173. Lesser Short-toed Lark  (Terrera Marismena)  (Ev)  ______ acd
     Calandrella rufescens apetzii  (Spain)
     Calandrella rufescens polatzeki  (in Canary Is., endemic)
     
     
174. Calandra Lark  (Calandria)  (Ed)  ______ abcp
     Melanocorypha c. calandra
     
     
175. Woodlark  (Totovia)  (Ev)  ______ abf
     Lullula arborea pallida  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
176. Eurasian Skylark  (Alondra Comun)  (Ev) ______ bcf
     Alauda arvensis cantarella  (northeast Spain)
     Alauda arvensis sierrae  (central & southern Spain)
     
     
177. Crested Lark  (Cogujada Comun)  (Ed)  ______ abcfp
     Galerida cristata pallida
     
     
178. Thekla Lark  (Cogujada Mantesina)  (Ev)  ______ abc
     Galerida t. theklae
     
     
179. Barn Swallow  (Golondrina Comun)  ______  abcdefm
     Hirundo r. rustica
     
     
180. Red-rumped Swallow ______ (Golondrina Daurica)  ______ ab
     Cecropis (formerly Hirundo) daurica rufula
     
     
181. Eurasian Crag-Martin ______ (Avion Roquero)  ______ abcefp
     Ptyonoprogne rupestris  (monotypic)
     
     
182. Sand Martin  (Avion Zapador)  (Ed)  ______  abcm  (has been called Bank Swallow in North America)
     Riparia r. riparia
     
     
183. Common House Martin  (Avion Comun)  ______ abcdef
     Delichon u. urbicum
     
     
184. Northern (or Winter) Wren  (Chochin)  ______ abc  (in North America, called Winter Wren)
     Troglodytes t. troglodytes  (south to central Spain) 
     Troglodytes troglodytes kabylorum  (southern Spain)
     
     
185. Dunnock  (Accentor Comun)  ______ bcf
     Prunella modularis mabbotti
     
     
186. Alpine Accentor  (Accentor Alpino)  ______ abc
     Prunella c. collaris
     
     
187. White-throated Dipper  (Mirlo Acuatico)  ______ bc
     Cinclus c. cinclus
     
     
188. Tree Pipit  (Bisbita Arboreo)  ______ cf
     Anthus t. trivialis
     
     
189. Meadow Pipit  (Bisbita Comun)  ______ a
     Anthus p. pratensis
     
     
190. Berthelot's Pipit  (Bisbita Caminero)  ______ d  (a Macaronesian endemic)
     Anthus b. berthelotii
     
     
191. Water Pipit  (Bisbita Ribereno Alpino)  ______ abcef
     Anthus s. spinoletta
     
     
192. Tawny Pipit  (Bisbita Campestre)  (Ev) ______ abcf
     Anthus c. campestris
     
     
193. White Wagtail  (Lavandera Blanca)  ______ abcef  
     Motacilla a. alba
     
     
194. Grey Wagtail  (Lavandera Cascadena)  ______ abcdef
     Motacilla c. cinerea  (Spain)
     Motacilla cinerea canariensis  (in Canary Is., an endemic subspecies)
     
     
195. "Iberian" Western Yellow Wagtail  (Lavandera Boyera)  ______ abc
     Motacilla flava iberiae
     
     
196. Western Yellow Wagtail ______  c
     Motacilla flava flavissima
     
     
197. Spotted Flycatcher  (Papamoscas Gris)  (Ed)  ______ abc
     Muscicapa s. striata
     
     
198. European Pied Flycatcher  (Papamoscas Cerrojillo)  ______ abp
     Ficedula hypoleuca iberiae  (in Spain as a breeder)
     Ficedula h. hypoleuca  (in Spain as a migrant)
     
     
199. Whinchat  (Tarabilla Nortena)  ______ abcefp
     Saxicola rubetra  (monotypic)
     
     
200. Eurasian Stonechat  (Tarabilla Comun)  (Ed)  ______ abcp
     Saxicola torquatus rubicola
     
     
201. Canary Islands Bushchat   (Tarabilla Canaria)  (nt) (Ev)  ______ d  (endemic to the Canary Is.) (has also been called Fuerteventura, or Canarian, Chat)  
     Saxicola d. dacotiae
     (Another endemic subspecies of Canarian islets, A. d. murielae, is now extinct.) 
     
     
202. Northern Wheatear  (Collalba Gris)  ______ abcef
     Oenanthe o. oenanthe
     
     
203. "Western" Black-eared Wheatear  (Collalba Rubia)  (Ev)  ______  abcp  
     Oenanthe h. hispanica
     
     
204. Black Wheatear  (Collalba Negra)  (Ee)  ______ ac
     Oenanthe l. leucura
     
     
205. Black Redstart  (Colirrojo Tizon)  ______ abcefg
     Phoenicurus ochruros gibraltariensis 
     Phoenicurus ochruros aterrimus  (central & southern Spain)
     
     
206. Common Redstart  (Colirrojo Real)  (Ev)  ______ bce
     Phoenicurus p. phoenicurus
     
     
207. European Robin  (Petirrojo)  ______ abcdef
     Erithacus r. rubecula  (northern Spain)
     Erithacus rubecula sardus  (southern Spain)
     Erithacus rubecula superbus  (in Canary Is., an endemic subspecies)
     
     
208. Common Nightingale  (Ruisenor Comun)  ______  abcf
     Luscinia m. megarhynchos
     
     
209. Bluethroat  (Pechiazul)  ______ ab
     Luscinia svecica nametum
     
     
210. Rufous-tailed Scrub-Robin  (Alzacola)  ______ a  
     Cercotrichas g. galactotes
     
     
211. Blue Rock Thrush  (Roquero Solitario)  (Ev)  ______ abcg
     Monticola s. solitarius
     
     
212. Rufous-tailed Rock Thrush  (Roquero Rojo)  (Ed)  ______ ab
     Monticola saxatilis  (monotypic)
     
     
213. Common Blackbird  (Mirlo Comun)  ______ abcdefg
     Turdus m. merula
     Turdus merula cabrerae  (in Canary Is., an endemic subspecies)
     
     
214. Redwing  (Zorzal Alirrojo)  ______ a
     Turdus i. iliacus
     
     
215. Song Thrush  (Zorzal Comun)  ______ acf
     Turdus philomelos clarkei
     
     
216. Mistle Thrush  (Zorzal Charlo)  ______ abc
     Turdus v. viscivorus
     
     
217. Zitting Cisticola  (Buitron)  ______ abc  (has also been called Fan-tailed Warbler, but a non-related species is so-named in Mexico; additionally the cisticolas are now in a family apart from the Old World Warblers) 
     Cisticola juncidis cisticola
     
     
218. Cetti's Warbler  (Ruisenor Bastardo)  ______ ac
     Cettia c. cetti
     
     
219. Savi's Warbler  (Buscarla Unicolor)  ______ ac
     Locustella luscinioides
     
     
220. Eurasian Reed Warbler  (Carricero Comun)  ______ acp  (the former European Reed Warbler is now considered conspecific with the also former Caspian Reed-Warbler, Acrocephalus fuscus)   
     Acrocephalus s. scirpaceus
     
     
221. Great Reed Warbler  (Carricero Tordal)  ______ abc
     Acrocephalus a. arundinaceus
     
     
222. Moustached- Warbler  (Carricerin Real)  ______ c
     Acrocephalus m. melanopogon
     
     
223. Western Olivaceous Warbler  (Zarcero Palido)  (Ev)  ______ a
     Hippolais (or Iduna) opaca  (monotypic)
     
     
224. Melodious Warbler  (Zarcero Comun)  ______ abcp
     Hippolais polyglotta  (monotypic)
     
     
225. Common Whitethroat  (Curruca Zarcera)  ______ abcfp
     Sylvia c. communis
     
     
226. Garden Warbler  (Curruca Mosquitera)  ______ bc
     Sylvia b. borin
     
     
227. Eurasian Blackcap  (Curruca Capirotada)  ______ abcdf
     Sylvia atricapilla pauluccii  (Spain)
     Sylvia atricapilla obscura  (in Canary Is., an endemic subspecies)
     
     
228. Orphean Warbler  (Curruca Mirlona)  ______ ac  
     Sylvia h. hortensis  ("Western Orphean Warbler")   
     
     
229. Sardinian Warbler  (Curruca Cabecinegra)  ______ abcdg
     Sylvia m. melanocephala 
     Sylvia melanocephala leucogastra  (in Canary Is., an endemic subspecies; 1 of 2 subspecies there)
     
     
230. Subalpine Warbler  (Curruca Carrasouena)  ______ abc
     Sylvia c. cantillans
     
     
231. Spectacled Warbler  (Curruca Tomillera)  ______ acd
     Sylvia c. conspicillata
     Sylvia conspicillata orbitalis  (in Canary Is., a Macaronesian endemic subspecies)
     
     
232. Dartford Warbler  (Curruca Rabilarga)  (Ev)  ______ abc
     Sylvia undata  (3 subspecies in Spain)
     Sylvia undata dartfordiensis  (northwest Spain)
     Sylvia u. undata  (northeast Spain)
     Sylvia undata toni  (central & west Spain)
     
     
233. Willow Warbler  (Mosquitero Musical)  ______ bc
     Phylloscopus t. trochilus
     
     
234. Western Bonelli's Warbler  (Mosquitero Papialbo)  ______ ab  (was considered conspecific with what's now the Eastern Bonelli's Warbler, Phylloscopus orientalis)
     Phylloscopus bonelli  (monotypic)
     
     
235. Common Chiffchaff  (Mosquitero Comun)  ______ abcp
     Phylloscopus collybita  (2 subspecies overlap in migration) 
     
     
236. Iberian Chiffchaff ______  cef  (has been considered conspecific with Common Chiffchaff) 
     Phylloscopus brehmii  (monotypic)
     
     
237. Canary Islands Chiffchaff  (Mosquitero Canaria)  ______  d  (was considered conspecific with the Common Chiffchaff; endemic to Canary Is.)
     Phylloscopus c. canariensis  (the other Canarian subspecies extinct since the beginning of the 20th Century)  
     
     
238. Goldcrest  (Reyezuelo Sencillo)  ______  bc
     Regulus r. regulus
     
     
239. Firecrest  (Reyezuelo Listado)  ______  abc
     Regulus i. ignicpillus
     
     
240. "Canary Islands Goldcrest"  (Reyezuelo Tenerife)  ______ d  (endemic to the western Canary Is.) (this subspecies of the Goldcrest has also been called the "Tenerife, or Canarian, Kinglet")  
     Regulus (regulus) teneriffae  
     
     
241. Great Tit  (Carbonero Comun)  ______  abc
     Parus m. major  (in north & central Spain)
     Parus major corsus  (in southern Spain)
     
     
242. Blue Tit  (Herrerillo Comun)  ______  abcp
     Cyanistes (formerly Parus) c. caeruleus  (in northern Spain)
     Cyanistes (formerly Parus) caeruleus ogliastrae  (in southern Spain)
     
     
243. African Blue Tit  (Herrerillo Africano)  ______  d
     Cyanistes (formerly Parus) ultramarinus degener  (in eastern Canary Is. inc. Fuerteventura, endemic)
     Cyanistes (formerly Parus) ultramarinus teneriffae  (in central Canary Is. inc. Tenerife, endemic)
     (Two other endemic subspecies occur in the Canary Islands, both on western islands, C. m. palmensis on La Palma and C.c. ombriosus on Hierro.)   
     
     
244. Coal Tit  (Carbonero Garrapinos)  ______  abcef
     Periparus (formerly Parus) ater vieirae
     
     
245. Marsh Tit  (Carbonero Palustre)  ______ ef
     Poecile (formerly Parus) p. palustris
     
     
246. European Crested Tit  (Herrerillo Capuchino)  ______ abcef
     Lophophanes (formerly Parus) cristatus weigoldi  (in central & southern Spain, inc. Gredos Mtns)
     Lophophanes (formerly Parus) cristatus mitratus  (in central & northern Spain, inc. Pyrenees Mtns)
     
     
247. Long-tailed Bushtit  (Mito)  ______ abc  (has been called Long-tailed Tit) 
     Aegithalos caudatus taiti  (in the Pyrenees Mtns)
     Aegithalos caudatus irbii  (in central & southern Spain)
     
     
248. Eurasian Penduline-Tit  (Pajaro Moscon)  ______ a  (was formerly considered conspecific with Black-headed, White-crowned, and Chinese Penduline-Tits)
     Remiz p. pendulinus
     
     
249. Eurasian Nuthatch  (Trepador Azul)  ______ bc
     Sitta europaea caesia  (in northern Spain, Pyrenees)
     Sitta europaea hispaniensis  (in central Spain) 
     
     
250. Wallcreeper  (Treparriscos)  ______ c
     Tichodroma m. muraria
     
     
251. Eurasian Treecreeper  (Agateador Norteno)  ______ ce
     Certhia familiaris macrodactyla
     
     
252. Short-toed Treecreeper  (Agateador Comun)  ______ abc
     Certhia brachydactyla megahyncha
     
     
253. Southern Grey Shrike  (Alcaudon Real)  (Ed)  ______ abcdp  (was conspecific with the Northern, or Great, Grey Shrike, that's been called Northern Shrike in North America)
     Lanius m. meridionalis  (Spain)
     Lanius meridionalis koenigi  (in Canary Is., an endemic subspecies)
     
     
254. Woodchat Shrike  (Alcaudon Comun)  (Ev)  ______ abc
     Lanius senator rutilans
     
     
255. Red-backed Shrike  (Alcaudon Dorsirrojo)  (Ed)  ______ acef
     Lanius c. collurio
     
     
256. Eurasian Jay  (Arrendajo Comun)  ______ abcef
     Garrulus glandarius fasciatus  (most of Spain)
     
     
257. Iberian Magpie  (Rabilargo)  (i?)  ______ ab  (has been considered conspecific with the Azure-winged Magpie of eastern Asia, Cyanopica cyanus) 
     Cyanopica cooki
     
     
258. Eurasian Magpie  (Urraca)  ______ abcefp  (was considered conspecific with the Black-billed Magpie of North America, Pica hudsonia)
     Pica pica melanotos  (most of Spain)
     
     
259. Red-billed Chough  (Chova Piquirroja)  (Ev)  ______ abcf
     Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax erythropthalmus
     
     
260. Alpine Chough  (Chova Piquigualda)  ______ cef
     Pyrrhocorax g. graculus
     
     
261. Northern Raven  (Cuervo)  ______ abcdef
     Corvus c. hispanus  (most of Spain) 
     Corvus corax tingitanus  (a rare subspecies in the Canary Is.)
     
     
262. Carrion Crow  (Corneja Negra)  ______ abcef  (no longer considered conspecific with Hooded Crow, Corvus cornix)  
     Corvus c. corone
     
     
263. Western Jackdaw  (Grajilla)  ______ abc
     Coloeus (formerly Corvus) monedula spermologus
     
     
264. Common Starling  (Estornino Pinto)  ______ acf
     Sturnus v. vulgaris
     
     
265. Spotless Starling  (Estornino Negro)  ______ abcgp
     Sturnus unicolor  (monotypic)
     
     
266. Common Myna (i) ______  cd
     Acridotheres tristis
     
     
267. Eurasian Golden Oriole  (Oropendola)  ______ abc
     Oriolus o. oriolus
     
     
268. House Sparrow  (Gorrion Comun)  ______ abcefgm
     Passer d. domesticus
     
     
269. Spanish Sparrow  (Gorrion moruno)  ______ bd
     Passer h. hispaniolensis
     
     
270. Eurasian Tree Sparrow  (Gorrion molinero)  ______ abc
     Passer m. montanus
     
     
271. Rock Sparrow  (Gorrion chillon)  ______ abcd  (has also been called Rock Petronia)
     Petronia petronia  (the single member of its genus)
     Petronia p. petronia  (Spain)
     Petronia petronia madeirensis  (in Canary Is., an endemic subspecies)
     
     
272. Common Chaffinch  (Pinzon vulgar)  ______ abcdef
     Fringilla coelebs balearica  (Spain)
     Fringilla coelebs canariensis (formerly F. c. tintillon)  (in Canary Is., an endemic subspecies)
     
     
273. Blue Chaffinch  (Pinzon azul)  (cd) (Ev)  ______ d  (endemic to Canary Is.)  (has also been called Teydefinch)
     Fringilla t. teydea  (1 of 2 subspecies in the Canary Islands)
     
     
274. European Goldfinch  (Jilguero)  ______ abcdf
     Carduelis c. carduelis  (Spain) (another subspecies, C. c. britannica, also winters in Spain)  
     Carduelis carduelis parva  (Canary Islands)
     
     
275. Eurasian Siskin  (Lugano)  ______ a
     Carduelis spinus  (monotypic)
     
     
276. European Greenfinch  (Verderon comun)  ______ abcde
     Carduelis chloris auratilyuentris
     
     
277. Common Linnet  (Pardillo comun)  ______ abcdf
     Carduelis c. mediterranea  (Spain)
     Carduelis cannabina meadewaldoi  (in Canary Is., an endemic subspecies)
     
     
278. Eurasian Bullfinch  (Camachuelo Comun)  ______ c
     Pyrrhula pyrrhula iberiae
     
     
279. Hawfinch  (Picogordo)  ______ ab
     Coccothraustes c. coccothraustes
     
     
280. Citril Finch  (Verderon serrano)  ______ bcef  (split from the more-easterly population now called the Corsican Finch, Carduelis  corsicana) 
     Carduelis (was Serinus) citrinella
     
     
281. European Serin  (Verdecillo)  ______ abc
     Serinus serinus (monotypic)
     
     
282. Atlantic Canary  (Canario)  ______ d  (species endemic to Canary Is.)  (has been called Island Canary) 
     Serinus canaria (monotypic)
     
     
283. Trumpeter Finch  (Camachuelo trompetero)  (Er)  ______ d
     Bucanetes githagineus amantum  (subspecies endemic to Canary Is.)
     
     
284. Red Crossbill  (Piquituerto comun)  ______ abcef  
     Loxia c. curvirostra
     
     
285. Corn Bunting  (Triguero)  ______ abcd
     Emberiza (was monotypic genus Miliaria) c. calandria
     Emberiza (was monotypic genus Miliaria) calandria thanneri  (in Canary Is.)
     
     
286. "Western" Rock Bunting  (Escribano montesino)  (Ev)  ______ abcf   
     Emberiza c. cia
     
     
287. Cirl Bunting  (Escribano soteno)  ______ abc
     Emberiza cirlus (now monotypic)
     
     
288. Yellowhammer  (Escribano cerillo)  ______ ce
     Emberiza c. citrinella
     
     
289. Ortolan Bunting  (Escribano hortelano)  (Ev)  ______ b
     Emberiza hortulana (monotypic)
     
     
290. Common Reed Bunting  (Escribano palustre)  ______ ac
     Emberiza s. schoeniclus