Birds of Europe during Focus On Nature Tours from Grouse to Puffin

PO Box 9021, Wilmington, DE 19809, USA
E-mail: font@focusonnature.com
Phone: Toll-free in USA 1-888-721-3555
or 302/529-1876

Birds of EUROPE

from Grouse to Puffin

Noting those found during
Focus On Nature Tours
with an (*)

1992 thru 2015

including
the Canary Islands off Africa,
and Turkey, in Asia Minor

Part 1 of a Europe Bird List compiled by Armas Hill,
with some photos

Photo at upper right: ATLANTIC PUFFINS, as during FONT tours in the late spring in Iceland

451 birds have cumulatively been seen during FONT European tours. A few of the birds in the following list are distinctive subspecies.

There have been 58 FONT birding and nature tours in Europe, with 25 in Spain, and 20 in Iceland.

Link:   Part #2 of this list of Birds in Europe: Sandgrouse to Buntings

Codes (in this list):

In the list that follows, relating to sightings during FONT tours, the country & the months are noted.
BU: Bulgaria
CI:   Canary Islands (Spain)
HU: Hungary
IC:   Iceland
PO: Poland
RM: Romania (inc. "Transylvania")
SL: Slovakia
SP: Spain,
including nearby Andorra: AN, France: FR, Gibraltar: GR, Morocco: MR, & Portugal: PG
SW: Sweden
TU: Turkey

The following 2 sets of designations by Birdlife International:

(t): a globally threatened or rare species
(t1): critical
(t2): endangered
(t3): vulnerable
(nt): a near-threatened species globally

(Ee): endangered in Europe
(Ev): vulnerable in Europe
(Er): rare in Europe
(Ed): has recently declined in Europe
(El): localized in Europe

(i): an introduced species

(Vme): vagrant from the Middle East
(Vna): vagrant from North America
(Vsib): vagrant from Siberia

(ph): species with a photo in the FONT website

Other Links:

Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours in Europe FONT Past Tour Highlights

A List of European Mammals (with some photos)

Directory of Photos in this Website

Links to Bird-Lists for particular European countries:

Bulgaria the Canary Islands Iceland: a complete bird-list with some interesting text

Spain Sweden

Bird-List:

Rock Ptarmigan (*) (ph) ______ IC:may,jun,oct
Lagopus muta islandorum (one of 24 subspecies worldwide)

Above & Below: Rock Ptarmigans photographed during FONT tours in Iceland
Upper & middle photos of males; lower photo a female
(upper photo by Alan Brady; middle & lower photos by Gabi Hauser)
Hazel Grouse (*) ______ PO:apr SL:may
Bonasa bonasia styriacus
"Northern" Black Grouse (Ev) (*) ______ PO:apr,may
Tetrao t. tetrix

Black Grouse
Western Capercaille (*) ______ RM:may SW
Tetrao u. urogallus (SW)
Tetrao urogallus rudolfi (RM)
Chukar Partridge (Ev) (*) ______ BU:may TU:aug
Alectoris chukar kleini
Red-legged Partridge (Ev) (*) ______ SP:jan,apr,jun,sep
Alectorus rufa
Alectorus rufa hispanica ______ subspecies in the northern & western Iberian Peninsula
Alectorus rufa intercedens ______ subspecies in the eastern & southern Iberian Peninsula & the Balearic Islands
Alectorus rufa rufa ______ subspecies in France, northwest Italy, Corsica
Rock Partridge (nt) ______
Alectorus graeca
Alectorus gracea gracea ______ Eastern Rock Partridge subspecies in eastern Bosnia, Greece, Bulgaria
Alectorus gracea saxatilis ______ Central Rock Partridge subspecies from the southern Alps to western Bosnia
Alectorus gracea whitakeri ______ Sicilian Rock Partridge subspecies endemic to Sicily
Barbary Partridge (Ee) (*) ______ CI:jun GR
Alectoris barbara koenigi
Grey Partridge (Ev) (*) ______ BU:may PO:apr,may SP SW:sep
Perdix p. perdix (except SP)
Perdix p. hispaniensis (SP)

Perdix perdix has also been called Hungarian Partridge.
Common Quail (Ev) (*) ______ BU:may HU:may PO:may SP TU:aug
Coturnix c. coturnix
Common Pheasant (i) (*) ______ BU:may HU:may PO:apr,may RM:may SL:may SP:jan SW:sep
Phasinus colchicus

Included here in Phasinus colchicus is the "Ring-necked Pheasant", Phasinus c. torquatus, from China, with a white neck-ring, and Phasinus c. colchicus from Russia, lacking the neck-ring.
Mute Swan (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may PO:apr,may SP:jun SW:sep
Cygnus olor (monotypic)

Mute Swans are common during FONT tours in Sweden,
where they are native residents.
Whooper Swan (*) (ph) ______ BU:may IC:may,jun,sep,oct PO:apr,may SW
Cygnus cygnus (now monotypic, with islandicus merged)

Above & below: Whooper Swans photographed
during the FONT Tour in Iceland in June 2012
(photos by Gabi Hauser)
"Bewick's" Tundra Swan (*) ______ SW
Cygnus columbianus bewickii

The "Bewick's" Tundra Swan of Eurasia is conspecific with the "Whistling" Tundra Swan of North America, Cygnus c. columbianus.
Greylag Goose (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may IC:may,jun,sep,oct PO:apr,may SP:apr,jun,dec SW:sep
Anser a. anser

Greylag Geese photographed during a FONT tour in Iceland
(photo by Cheryl Pearce)
Pink-footed Goose (*) (ph) ______ IC:jun,sep,oct
Anser brachyhynchus (monotypic)

Above & below: Pink-footed Geese photographed during the June 2012
FONT tour in Iceland. Above: an adult; below: a gosling.
(photos by Gabi Hauser)
Bean Goose (*) ______ PO:apr SW
(includes "Taiga" Bean Goose, Anser f. fabalis, and "Tundra" Bean Goose, Anser fabalis rossicus)
Greater White-fronted Goose (*) ______ BU:may HU IC:oct PO:apr SW:sep
Anser a. albifrons
Lesser White-fronted Goose (t3) (Ev) (*) ______ BU:may HU
Anser erythropus (monotypic)
Brent Goose (Ev) (*) (ph) ______ IC:sep,oct SW:sep
Branta bernicla
Branta b. bernicla: Dark-bellied Brent Goose (in Sweden)
Branta benicla hrota: Pale-bellied Brent Goose (in Iceland)

In North America, Branta bernicla is called Brant.

Brant Geese on Oland Island during the FONT tour on Oland Island
in September 2007
(photo by James Scheib)
Barnacle Goose (El) (*) (ph) ______ IC:jun,sep,oct (rare in IC in jun) SW:sep
Branta leucopsis (monotypic)

Just one of the many Barnacle Geese seen
during the FONT Sweden Tour in September 2007
(photo by James Scheib)
Red-breasted Goose (t3) (El) (*) (ph) ______ BU:may SW
Branta ruficollis (monotypic)

Red-breasted Geese
Canada Goose (i) (*) ______ SW:sep
Branta canadensis
Snow Goose (Vna) (*) (ph) ______ IC:sep(rare)
Anser caerulescens atlanticus
Egyptian Goose (i) (*) ______ SW:sep
Alopochen aegyptiaca (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
Common Shelduck (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may IC:jun PO:may SP:jun,sep,oct,dec SW:sep TU:aug
Tadorna tadorna (monotypic)

A Common Shelduck during the 20th FONT Iceland Tour in June 2015.
This was the first Common Shelduck ever seen during a FONT tour in Iceland.
(photo by Marie Gardner)
Ruddy Shelduck (Ev) (*) ______ BU:may CI:jun TU:aug
Tadorna ferruginea (monotypic)
Mallard (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may IC:may,jun,sep,oct PO:apr,may RM:may SL:may SP:jan,apr,jun,jul,sep,oct,dec SW:sep TU:aug
Anas p. platyrhynchos
American Black Duck (Vna) (*) (ph) ______ IC;sep,oct(rare)
Anas rubripes

The American Black Duck is one of the vagrants
that has been seen in Iceland during a FONT tour.
Gadwall (Ev) (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may IC:jun,oct PO:apr,may SP:apr,jun,sep,oct,dec SW:sep
Anas strepera (now monotypic)
Eurasian Teal (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU IC:may,jun,oct PO:apr,may SP:jun,sep,dec SW:sep TU:aug
Anas c. crecca

The Eurasian Teal has been considered conspecific with the Green-winged Teal of North America, Anas carolinensis.

Eurasian Teal
(photo by Howard Eskin)
Green-winged Teal (Vna) (*) (ph) ______ IC:jun(rare)
Anas carolinensis (monotypic)

A male Green-winged Teal was a vagrant from North America
that we saw during our Iceland tour in June 2006
(photo by Howard Eskin)
Garganey (Ev) (*) ______ BU:may HU:may IC:jun(rare) PO:apr,may RM:may SP TU:aug
Anas querquedula (monotypic)
Northern Pintail (Ev) (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may IC:jun PO:apr,may SP:dec SW:sep
Anas acuta (monotypic)
Eurasian Wigeon (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU IC:may,jun,sep,oct PO:apr,may SP:dec SW:sep
Anas penelope (monotypic)
American Wigeon (Vna) (*) (ph) ______ IC:oct(rare)
Anas americana
Northern Shoveler (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may PO:apr,may SP;sep,dec SW:sep TU:aug
Anas clypeata (monotypic)
Marbled Duck (t3) (Ee) (*) ______ SP
Marmaronetta angustirostris (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
Red-crested Pochard (Ed) (*) ______ BU:may SP:apr,jun,oct
Netta rufina (monotypic)
Common Pochard (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may PO:apr,may SP:apr,jun,dec SW:sep TU:aug
Aythya ferina (monotypic)

A Common Pochard photographed during a FONT tour in Sweden
(photo by James Scheib)
Tufted Duck (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may IC:may,jun,sep,oct PO:apr,may SP:dec SW:sep
Aythya fuligula (monotypic)

Above & below: Tufted Ducks
Above a male, below a female
(upper photo by Gabi Hauser during the FONT Iceland Tour in June 2012.
lower photo by Alan Mitchnick during the FONT Iceland Tour in Sep/Oct 2013)
Greater Scaup (El) (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may IC:jun,oct RM:may SW:sep
Aythya m. marila

In Europe, Aythya marila is simply called Scaup, as the Lesser Scaup is only in North America.
Ferruginous Duck (t3) (Ev) (*) ______ BU:may HU:may SP:jun,dec TU:aug
Aythya nyroca (monotypic)

Another name for Aythya nyroca has been White-eyed Pochard.
Common Goldeneye (*) ______ BU:may HU:may IC:jun(rare) PO:apr,may SW:sep
Bucephala c. clangula
Barrow's Goldeneye (Ee) (*) (ph) ______ IC:jun,sep,oct
Bucephala islandica (monotypic)

Barrow's Goldeneyes during the FONT tour in Iceland in Sep/Oct 2013.
Iceland is the only place where the Barrow's Goldeneye occurs in Europe.
(photo by Alan Mitchnick)
Common Eider (*) (ph) ______ IC:may,jun,sep,oct SW:sep
Somateria m. mollissima

Above & below: Common Eiders
Above a male; below a female.
(upper photo by Gabi Hauser during the FONT Iceland tour in June 2012)

Below: an adult male Common Eider showing
the pinkish coloration it has in breeding plumage
(photo by Alan Mitchnick)
King Eider (*) (ph) ______ IC:jun(rare)
Somateria spectabilis (monotypic)

King Eiders, above: a female; below: an adult male in breeding plumage,
as seen during FONT tours in Iceland
(upper photo by Alan Brady; lower photo by Howard Eskin)
Steller's Eider (*) (ph) ______ SW:sep
Polysticta stelleri (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)

Above: an immature male Steller's Eider, photographed on Oland Island
during the FONT Sweden Tour in September 2006
(photo by Claude Bloch)
Below: a group of adult Steller's Eiders, both males and females, in Estonia.
Long-tailed Duck (t3) (*) (ph) ______ IC:may,jun,sep,oct
Clangula hyemalis (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)

Clangula hyemalis was called Oldsquaw in North America.

Above & below: Long-tailed Ducks in summer and winter plumages
Above, in breeding plumage, photographed during the FONT tour
in Iceland in June 2015
(upper photo by Marie Gardner; lower photo by Kim Steininger)
Harlequin Duck (Ev) (*) (ph) ______ IC:may,jun,oct
Histrionicus histrionicus (now monotypic, with pacificus merged) (the single member of its genus)

Above: a pair of Harlequin Ducks in the rushing water of a river in Iceland
Below: a female Harlequin Duck with young
The only place where this species normally occurs in Europe is Iceland.
(upper photo by Gabi Hauser; lower photo by Howard Eskin)
Common Scoter (*) (ph) ______ IC:may,jun,sep,oct SP
Melanitta nigra

The Common Scoter was conspecific with what is now the Black Scoter in North America, Melanitta americana.

An adult male Common Scoter during the FONT Iceland Tour in June 2015.
Where this photograph was taken, the species breeds.
(photo by Marie Gardner)
Velvet Scoter (t2) (El) (*) ______ SW
Melanitta fusca

The Velvet Scoter was conspecific with the White-winged Scoter of North America, Melanitta deglandi.
White-winged Scoter (Vna) (*) ______ IC:jun(rare)
Melanitta deglandi
Surf Scoter (Vna) (*) ______ IC:jun(rare)
Melanitta perspicillata
Goosander (*) (ph) ______ IC:may,jun,sep,oct PO:apr,may SW
Mergus m. merganser

Mergus merganser is called Common Merganser in North America.
Red-breasted Merganser (*) (ph) ______ IC:may,jun,sep,oct SP:dec SW:sep
Mergus serrator (monotypic)

A pair of Red-breasted Mergansers
(photo by Howard Eskin)
White-headed Duck (t3) (Ee) (*) ______ SP:apr,jun,dec TU:aug
Oxyura leucocophala (monotypic)
Great Northern Diver (*) (ph) ______ IC:may,jun,sep,oct
Gavia immer (now monotypic)

Gavia immer is called Common Loon in North America.
White-billed Diver (*) ______ IC:jun(rare)
Gavia adamsii (monotypic)

Gavia adamsii is called Yellow-billed Loon in North America
Red-throated Diver (Ev) (*) (ph) ______ IC:may,jun,sep,oct SW:sep
Gavia stellata (monotypic)

Gavia stellata is called Red-throated Loon in North America.

A Red-throated Loon photographed during the FONT Iceland Tour in June 2012
(photo by Gabi Hauser)
Black-throated Diver (Ev) (*) ______ PO:apr,may SP SW:sep
Gavia a. arctica

Gavia arctica is called Arctic Loon in North America.
Northern Fulmar (*) (ph) ______ IC:may,jun,sep,oct SW
Fulmarus glacialis auduboni

Northern Fulmar
Manx Shearwater (El) (*) ______ IC:jun
Puffinus puffinus (now monotypic)
Balearic Shearwater (*) ______ SP:jan
Puffinus mauretanicus (monotypic)

The Balearic Shearwater was part of the Manx Shearwater (above).
Yelkouan Shearwater (t3) (*) ______ TU:aug
Puffinus yelkouan (monotypic)

Another name for Puffinus yelkouan is Levantine Shearwater. It was part of the Manx Shearwater.
Cory's Shearwater (*) (ph) ______ CI:jun,jul SP:jan
Calonectris d. diomedea (SP) ("Scoploi's Shearwater") (Ev)
Calonectris diomedea borealis (CI)

Cory's Shearwater
(photo by Alan Brady)
Barolo Shearwater (Ev) (*) ______ CI:jul
Puffinus baroli (monotypic)

Another name for Puffinus baroli is Macaronesian Shearwwater. It was included in what was a more wide-ranging Little Shearwater.
Now, the Barolo Shearwater, of the Azores and Canary Islands, is said to be more closely related to the Audubon's Shearwater.
There was a race of the Audubon's Shearwater in the eastern Atlantic, breeding on Cape Verde Island, that is now called the Boyd's Shearwater, Puffinus boydi.
With new taxonomy, the Little Shearwater now has a range restricted to the Indian and southwestern Pacific Oceans, near Australia and New Zealand.
Bulwer's Petrel (Ev) (*) (ph) ______ CI:jun,jul
Bulweria b. bulwerii

The Bulwer's Petrel has been seen from ferries during all FONT tours in the Canary Islands
Great Crested Grebe (*) ______ BU:may HU:may IC:may(rare) PO:apr,may SL:may SP:apr,jun,sep,oct,dec SW:sep TU:aug
Podiceps c. cristatus
Red-necked Grebe (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may PO:apr,may SW
Podiceps g. grisegena
Black-necked Grebe (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may PO:apr,may SP:apr,jun,dec TU:aug
Podiceps n. nigricollis

Podiceps nigricollis is called Eared Grebe in North America.
Slavonian Grebe (*) (ph) ______ IC:jun,oct SW:sep
Podiceps a. auritus

Podiceps auritus is called Horned Grebe in North America.

Above: A Slavonian, or Horned Grebe, in its breeding attire, photographed during a FONT tour in Iceland
(photo by Cheryl Pearce)
Below: A Slavonian, or Horned Grebe, in non-breeding plumage, as seen during our tours in September/October.
(photo by Kim Steininger)
Little Grebe (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may PO:apr,may SP:apr,jun,jul,sep,oct,dec SW:sep TU:aug
Tachybaptus r. ruficollis

Another name for Tachybaptus ruficollis is "Dabchick".

Little Grebe
Greater Flamingo (El) (*) (ph) ______ SP:apr,jun,jul,oct,dec TU:aug
Phoenicopterus roseus (monotypic)

The American Flamingo, now Phoenicopterus ruber, was conspecific with the Greater Flamingo, now only in the Old World.

Greater Flamingos
(photo by Jens Bruun)
White Stork (Ev) (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may PO:apr,may RM:may SL:may SP:jan,apr,jun,sep,oct,dec TU:aug
Ciconia c. ciconia

White Storks in Spain photographed during a FONT tour
Black Stork (Er) (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may PO:apr,may SP:apr,jun,sep TU:aug
Ciconia nigra (monotypic)

Black Storks in Bulgaria
Glossy Ibis (Ed) (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may SP:jun,dec TU:aug
Plegadis falcinellus (now monotypic)
Eurasian Spoonbill (Ee) (*) (ph) ______ BU:may CI:jul HU:may SP:apr,jun,dec TU:aug
Platalea l. leucorodia

Eurasian Spoonbill
Grey Heron (*) (ph) ______ BU:may CI:jul HU:may IC:jun,sep,oct(rare) PG:sep PO:apr,may RM:may SP:jan,apr,jun,jul,sep,oct,dec SW:sep TU:aug
Ardea c. cinerea

Grey Heron
(photo by Howard Eskin)
Purple Heron (Ev) (*) ______ BU:may HU:may SP:jun,jul,oct TU:aug
Ardea p. purpurea
Great Egret (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may PO:may SP:jun,oct SW TU:aug
Ardea alba (was Casmerodius alba)
Little Egret (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may PG:sep SP:jan,apr,jun,jul,sep,oct,dec TU:aug
Egretta g. garzetta

Little Egret
(photo by Howard Eskin)
Western Cattle Egret (*) (ph) ______ CI:jun PG:sep SP:jan,apr,jun,jul,sep,oct,dec TU:aug
Bubulcus ibis

The Western Cattle Egret is in parts of Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
The Eastern Cattle Egret, Bubulcus coromandus, is in eastern Asia.

Western Cattle Egret
(photo by Howard Eskin)
Squacco Heron (Ev) (*) ______ BU:may HU:may SP:apr,jun,jul TU:aug
Ardeola ralloides (monotypic)
Black-crowned Night-Heron (Ed) (*) ______ BU:may HU:may SP:jun,jul,sep,oct TU:aug
Nycticorax n. nycticorax
Little Bittern (Ev) (*) ______ BU:may HU:may SP:apr,jun,jul TU:aug
Ixobrychus m. minutus
Eurasian Bittern (Ev) (*) ______ BU:may HU:may PO:apr,may TU:aug
Botaurus s. stellaris
Great White Pelican (Er) (*) (ph) ______ BU:may TU:aug
Pelecanus onocrotalus (monotypic)

Great White Pelicans in eastern Europe
Dalmatian Pelican (nt) (Ev) (*) ______ BU:may TU:aug
Pelecanus crispus (monotypic)
Northern Gannet (El) (*) (ph) ______ CI:jun IC:jun,sep,oct GR:jun SP:jan,jun,dec
Morus bassena (formerly Sula bassena) (monotypic)

A Northern Gannet photographed during a FONT tour
(photo by Andy Smith)
European Shag (*) (ph) ______ BU:may IC:may,jun,sep GR SP
Phalacrocorax a. aristotelis

Above & below: European Shags photographed during FONT tours in Iceland.
In the upper photo, note the green eye.
(lower photo by Gabi Hauser during our tour in June 2012)
Great Cormorant (*) ______ BU:may HU:may IC:may,jun,sep,oct PO:apr,may SP:jul,sep,oct,dec SW:sep TU:aug
Phalacrocorax c. carbo
Pygmy Cormorant (nt) (Ev) (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may TU:aug
Phalacrocorax pygmeus (monotypic)

Pygmy Cormorant
Gyrfalcon (Ev) (*) (ph) ______ IC:may,jun(seen at nest site), oct(as many as 3 during 1 tour)
Falco rusticolus (monotypic, but with a variation in color)

The "Iceland Falcon" is a pale grey morph of the Gyrfalcon.

A light-morph Gyrfalcon in Iceland
Saker Falcon (t2) (Ee) (*) ______ BU:may HU:may TU:aug
Falco cherrug
Lanner Falcon (Ee) (*) ______ TU:aug
Falco biarmicus
Peregrine Falcon (Er) (*) (ph) ______ BU:may FR:jun HU:may RM:may SP:jan,apr,jun,sep,dec SW:sep TU:aug
Falco p. peregrinus
Barbary Falcon (Er) (*) ______ CI:jun,jul
Falco p. pelegrinoides
Northern Hobby (*) ______ BU:may FR HU:may PO:apr,may SL:may SP:sep SW:sep TU:aug
Falco s. subbuteo
Red-footed Falcon (Ev) (*) ______ BU:may HU:may PO:may RM:may TU:aug
Falco vespertinus

The Red-footed Falcon is closely related to, and was considered conspecific with the Amur Falcon of Asia, Falcon amurensis.
Eleonora's Falcon (Er) (*) (ph) ______ CI:jun TU:aug
Falco eleonorae

A close-up of a young Eleonora's Falcon
Lesser Kestrel (t3) (Ev) (*) ______ BU:may SP:apr,jun,sep TU:aug
Falco naumanni
Merlin (*) (ph) ______ IC:jun,sep,oct SP:sep SW:sep
Falco columbarius subaesalon (subspecies in Iceland)
Falco columbarius aesalon (subspecies in Sweden)

A Merlin photographed during the FONT tour in Iceland
in September/October 2013
(photo by Alan Mitchnick)
Eurasian Kestrel (Ed) (*) ______ AN:jun BU:may CI:jun,jul(both endemic subspecies) FR:jun HU:may IC:sep,oct(rare) PG:sep PO:apr,may RM:may SL:may SP:jan,apr,jun,jul,sep,oct,dec SW:sep TU:aug
Falco t. tinnunculus (except CI)
Falco tinnunculus canariensis (subspecies endemic in the western Canary Islands)
Falco tinnunculus dacotiae (subspecies endemic in the eastern Canary Islands)
Osprey (Er) (*) (ph) ______ BU:may PO:apr,may SP:apr,jun,dec SW TU:aug
Pandion h. haliaetus (the single member of its genus)
Red Kite (*) (ph) ______ BU:may SP:apr,jun,sep,dec SW:sep
Milvus m. milvus (the other subspecies is in the Cape Verde islands)

Red Kite
(photo by Jens Bruun)
Black Kite (Ev) (*) ______ BU:may PO:apr,may SL:may SP:apr,jun,dec SW TU:aug
Milvus m. migrans
Black-winged Kite (Ev) (*) ______ SP:apr,jun
Elanus c. caeruleus
Egyptian Vulture (Ee) (*) ______ BU:may CI:jun,jul FR SP:apr,jun,dec TU:aug
Neophron p. percnopterus (the single member of its genus)
Bearded Vulture (nt) (Ee) (*) ______ AN:jun BU:may SP TU:aug
Gypaetus b. barbatus (the single member of its genus)

Another name for Gypaetus barbatus is Lammergeier.
Cinereous Vulture (nt) (Ev) (*) ______ BU:may SP:apr,jun.sep TU:aug
Aegypius monachus (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)

Other names for Aegypius monachus have been Eurasian Black Vulture and Monk Vulture.
Griffon Vulture (Er) (*) ______ AN:jun BU:may FR:jun SP:jan,apr,jun,sep,oct
Gyps f. fulvus
Levant Sparrowhawk (Er) (*) ______ BU:may TU:aug
Accipiter brevipes (monotypic)
Eurasian Sparrowhawk (*) (ph) ______ BU:may CI:jun,jul PO:apr,may RM:may SP:jul,sep,dec SW:sep TU:aug
Accipiter n. nisus (except CI)
Accipiter n. granti (CI)

Eurasian Sparrowhawk
(photo by Jens Bruun)
Northern Goshawk (*) ______ BU:may HU:may PO:may SL:may SP SW:sep
Accipiter g. gentilis
Rough-legged Buzzard (*) (ph) ______ SW
Buteo l. lagopus

Buteo lagopus is called Rough-legged Hawk in North America.
In Europe, it has no dark morph.

A light-morph Rough-legged Buzzard
(photo by Howard Eskin)
Common Buzzard (*) (ph) ______ AN:jun BU:may CI:jun,jul FR HU:may PG:sep PO:apr,may RM:may SL:may SP:jan,apr,jun,sep,oct,dec SW:sep TU:aug
Buteo b. buteo (except CI)
Buteo b. insularum (CI)

A dark-morph Common Buzzard photographed in flight over Falsterbo
during the FONT Sweden Tour in September 2007
(photo by James Scheib)
Long-legged Buzzard (Ee) (*) ______ BU:may HU:may TU:aug
Buteo r. rufinus
European Honey Buzzard (*) ______ BU:may FR HU:may PO:apr,may RM:may SP SW:sep TU:aug
Pernis apivorus (monotypic)
White-tailed Eagle (nt) (Er) (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU IC:may,jun,sep,oct PO:apr,may SW:sep
Haliaeetus a. albicilla (the other subspecies is in Greenland)

Haliaeetus albicilla has been called the White-tailed Fish-eagle.

Above & below: adult White-tailed Eagles
Short-toed Snake Eagle (Er) (*) ______ AN:jun BU:may HU:may SP:apr,jun TU:aug
Circaetus gallicus (monotypic)
Bonelli's Eagle (Ee) (*) ______ BU:may FR:jun SP
Hieraaetus f. fasciatus
Booted Eagle (Er) (*) ______ BU:may PG:sep SP:jan,apr,jun,dec (dimorphic, pale & dark)
Hieraaetus pennatus
Golden Eagle (Er) (*) ______ AN:jun BU:may FR:jun HU PO:apr,may RM SP:apr,jun,sep SW TU:aug
Aquila c. chrysaetos (except SP)
Aquila chrysaetos homeyeri (SP)
Asian Imperial Eagle (t3) (Ee) (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may SL:may TU:aug
Aquila heliaca (monotypic)

The Asian Imperial Eagle in eastern Europe
Spanish Imperial Eagle (t3) (Ee) (*) ______ SP:jan,jun,sep
Aquila adalberti (monotypic)

Another name for Aquila adalberti has been Adalbert's Eagle.
Greater Spotted Eagle (t3) (Ee) (*) ______ PO:apr,may SW
Aquila clanga (monotypic)
Lesser Spotted Eagle (Er) (*) ______ BU:may PO:apr,may RM:may SL:may SW:sep
Aquila p. pomarina (the other subspecies is in India and Burma)
Steppe Eagle (Ev) (*) ______ HU:may TU:aug
Aquila nipalensis orientalis

The Steppe Eagle has been said to conspecific with the Tawny Eagle, Aquila rapax.
Western Marsh Harrier (*) ______ BU:may HU:may PO:apr,may SL:may SP:jan,apr,jun,oct,dec SW:sep TU:aug
Circus aeruginosus

The Western Marsh Harrier was conspecific with the Eastern Marsh Harrier of Asia, Circus spilonotus. When so, it was called the Northern Marsh Harrier.
Hen Harrier (Ev) (*) ______ BU:may PO:apr,may SP:jan,apr SW:sep TU:aug
Circus cyaneus

The Hen Harrier has been considered conspecific with the Northern Harrier of North America.
Pallid Harrier (Ee) (*) ______ BU:may PO:apr TU:aug
Circus macrourus (monotypic)
Montagu's Harrier (*) ______ BU:may FR:jun HU:may PO:apr,may SP:apr,jun TU:aug
Circus pygargus (monotypic)
Water Rail (*) ______ BU:may HU PO:apr SP:apr,jun TU:aug
Rallus aquaticus

Rallus aquaticus was conspecific with what is now the Eastern Water Rail of eastern Asia, Rallus indicus.
Baillon's Crake (Er) (*) ______ BU:may SP:apr,jun
Porzana pusilla intermedia
Spotted Crake (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may PO:apr SW:oct
Porzana porzana (monotypic)

A Spotted Crake, seen during FONT's Sweden tour in October 2000
(photo by Tommy Holmgren on a video through a telescope.)
At the time, this was the first Spotted Crake in that part of Sweden since 1985!
Little Crake (*) ______ BU:may HU:may PO:apr,may TU:aug
Porzana parva (monotypic)
Corncrake (t3) (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may PO:apr,may RM:may
Crex crex (monotypic)

Corncrake
(photo by Przemyslaw Kunysz)
Common Moorhen (*) ______ BU:may HU:may PO:apr,may SP:jan,apr,jun,jul,sep,oct,dec SW TU:aug
Gallinula c. chloropus
Purple Swamphen (Er) (*) ______ SP:apr,jun,oct,dec
Porphyrio p. porphyrio
Eurasian Coot (*) ______ BU:may CI:jul HU:may IC:jun(rare) PO:apr,may SP:jan,apr,jun,jul,sep,oct,dec SW:sep TU:aug
Fulica a. atra
Red-knobbed Coot (*) ______ SP:apr
Fulica cristata (monotypic)

Another name for Fulica cristata is Crested Coot.
Common Crane (Ev) (*) (ph) ______ HU:may PO:apr,may SP:jan SW:sep
Grus g. grus

A family of Common Cranes in flight at Oland Island,
with a single young bird following the adults
(photo by James Scheib during the Sept 2007 FONT Sweden tour)
Great Bustard (t3) (Ed) (*) (ph) ______ HU:may SP:apr,jun,sep
Otis t. tarda

Great Bustard
Little Bustard (nt) (Ev) (*) ______ SP:apr,jun,sep
Tetrax tetrax (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
Houbara Bustard (Ee) (*) ______ CI:jun,jul
Chlamydotis undulata fuerteventurae
Eurasian Stone Curlew (Ev) (*) ______ BU:may CI:jun,jul HU SP:apr,jun
Burhinus o. oedicnemus
Eurasian Oystercatcher (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may IC:may,jun,sep,oct RM:may SP:jun,jul,dec SW
Haematopus o. ostralegus (in western Europe)
Haematopus ostralegus longipes (in eastern Europe)

Above & below: Eurasian Oystercatchers
during the FONT Iceland Tour in June 2012
(photos by Gabi Hauser)
Pied Avocet (El) (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may SP:jun,jul,oct SW:sep TU:aug
Recurvirostra avosetta (monotypic)

Pied Avocet
Black-winged Stilt (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may SP:jan,apr,jun,jul,oct,dec TU:aug
Himantopus h. himantopus
Eurasian Dotterel (*) (ph) ______ SP:oct SW
Charadrius morinellus (formerly Eudromias morinellus) (monotypic)

Eurasian Dotterel
(photo by Janos Olah, Jr.)
Grey Plover (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may IC:jun,sep(rare) PO:may SP:jun,oct,dec SW:sep TU:aug
Pluvialis s. squatarola

The Grey Plover is called Black-bellied Plover in the Americas.
European Golden Plover (*) (ph) ______ IC:may,jun,sep,oct SP:jan SW:sep
Pluvialis a. apricaria (except IC)
Pluvialis apricaria altifrons (IC)

A European Golden Plover photographed during the FONT tour in Iceland in June 2009
(photo by Gerin Hood)
Little Ringed Plover (*) ______ BU:may CI:jul HU:may PO:apr,may SP:apr,jun,sep,oct TU:aug
Charadrius dubius curonicus
Common Ringed Plover (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may IC:may,jun,oct(rare in oct) PO:apr,may SP:apr,jun(rare),dec SW TU:aug
Charadrius h. hiaticula
Charadrius hiaticula tundrae
(these 2 subspecies overlap. with C.h.tundrae most easterly)

A Common Ringed Plover photographed during
the FONT tour in Iceland in June 2012
(photo by Gabi Hauser)
Kentish Plover (Ed) (*) ______ BU:may CI:jun SP:apr,jun,jul,oct,dec TU:aug
Charadrius a. alexandrinus

The Kentish Plover was conspecific with the Snowy Plover of the Americas, Charadrius nivosus.
Northern Lapwing (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may PO:apr,may SL:may SP:jan,apr,jun,sep,oct,dec SW:sep TU:aug
Vanellus vanellus (monotypic)

Northern Lapwing
(photo by Matt Orsie)
White-tailed Lapwing (Vme) (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may (was called White-tailed Plover)
Vanellus leucura (formerly Chettusia leucura) (monotypic)

A White-tailed Lapwing photographed during a FONT tour in Hungary in 2001
(photo by Alan Brady)
Spur-winged Lapwing (Ee) (*) ______ TU
Vanellus spinosus (formerly Hoplopterus spinosus) (monotypic)

Vanellus spinosus has been called Spur-winged Plover.
Ruddy Turnstone (*) (ph) ______ BU:may IC:may,jun,sep,oct PO:may SP:jan,oct,dec
Arenaria i. interpres
Purple Sandpiper (*) (ph) ______ IC:may,jun,sep,oct
Calidris maritima littoralis (endemic subspecies in IC)

Purple Sandpiper
(photo by Howard Eskin)
Dunlin (Ev) (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may IC:may,jun,sep,oct PO:may SP:apr,oct,dec SW:sep
Calidris a. alpina
Calidris alpina schrinzii
(the 2 subspecies overlap in migration)
Curlew Sandpiper (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may PO:apr SP:apr,oct SW TU:aug
Calidris ferruginea (monotypic)

2 photos of Curlew Sandpipers.
The upper photo of a male in breeding plumage.
(photos by Howard Eskin)
Red Knot (El) (*) (ph) ______ IC:jun SP:jun SW:sep
Calidris c. canutus
Sanderling (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may IC:may,jun,sep SP:jan,dec TU:aug
Calidris a. alba
White-rumped Sandpiper (Vna) (*) (ph) ______ IC:oct(rare)
Calidris fuscicollis (monotypic)
Semipalmated Sandpiper (Vna) (*) (ph) ______ HU:may
Calidris pusilla (monotypic)
Little Stint (*) ______ BU:may HU:may IC:sep PO:may SP:oct SW TU:aug
Calidris minuta (monotypic)
Temminck's Stint (*) ______ BU:may HU:may PO:apr,may SP:jun
Calidris temminckii (monotypic)
Pectoral Sandpiper (Vna) (*) (ph) ______ SW:sep TU:aug
Calidris melanotos (monotypic)
Wood Sandpiper (Ed) (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may PO:apr,may SP:jun,sep,oct,dec TU:aug
Tringa glareola (monotypic)

Wood Sandpiper
(photo by Howard Eskin)
Common Greenshank (*) ______ BU:may HU:may PO:apr SP:apr,jun,sep,oct,dec SW:sep TU:aug
Tringa nebularia (monotypic)
Common Redshank (Ed) (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may IC:may,jun,sep,oct PO:apr,may SP:apr,jun,jul,oct,dec SW:sep TU:aug
Tringa t. totanus (except IC)
Tringa totanus robusta (IC)

Above: a Common Redshank photographed during
the FONT Iceland Tour in June 2012
Below: a baby Redshank during that same tour
(photos by Gabi Huser)
Spotted Redshank (*) ______ BU:may HU:may PO:apr SP:oct,dec SW:sep TU:aug
Tringa erythropus (monotypic)
Marsh Sandpiper (*) ______ BU:may HU:may TU:aug
Tringa stagnatilis (monotypic)
Green Sandpiper (*) ______ BU:may PO:apr,may SP:jan,apr,jun,sep,oct,dec TU:aug
Tringa ochropus (monotypic)
Common Sandpiper (*) ______ BU:may HU:may PO:apr,may RM:may SP:jan,apr,sep,oct,dec SW:sep TU:aug
Actitis hypoleucos (monotypic)
Ruff / Reeve (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may PO:apr,may RM:may SP:oct SW:sep
Philomachus pugnax (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)

Above: Two photos of a Reeve, from the back & front
(both photos above by Howard Eskin)
Below: Ruffs displaying in breeding plumage.
During FONT tours in Poland in the spring, hundreds have been seen at leks.
"Eurasian" Whimbrel (*) ______ HU:may IC:may,jun PO:apr(rare) SP:jul,oct SW:sep
Numenius p. phaeopus
Eurasian Curlew (Ed) (*) ______ BU:may HU:may IC:sep,oct PO:apr,may SP:jan,jul,oct,dec SW:sep TU:aug
Numenius a. arquata
Black-tailed Godwit (Ev) (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may IC:may,jun,sep,oct PO:apr,may SP:jun,jul,oct,dec TU:aug
Limosa l. limosa (except IC)
Limosa limosa islandica (endemic breeder in IC)

Limosa limosa was conspecific with what is now the Eastern Black-tailed Godwit of eastern Asia, Limosa melanuroides.

A Black-tailed Godwit photographed during the FONT Iceland Tour in June 2012
(photo by Gabi Hauser)
Bar-tailed Godwit (El) (*) (ph) ______ IC:sep,oct SP:oct,dec SW
Limosa l. lapponica
Buff-breasted Sandpiper (Vna) (*) (ph) ______ IC:sep(rare)
Tryngites subruficollis
Long-billed Dowitcher (Vna) (*) ______ IC:sep(rare)
Limnodromus scolopaceus (monotypic)
Eurasian Woodcock (Ev) (*) ______ BU:may PO:apr,may RM:may
Scolopax rusticola (monotypic)
Great Snipe (nt) (Ev) (*) ______ PO:apr,may
Gallinago media (monotypic)
Common Snipe (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU IC:may,jun,sep,oct PO:apr,may SP:jun,sep,oct,dec SW TU:aug Gallinago g. gallinago (except IC)
Gallinago gallinago faeroeensis (IC)

The Common Snipe was conspecific with the Wilson's Snipe of North America, Gallinago delicata.

A Common Snipe photographed during the FONT Iceland Tour in June 2012
(photo by Gabi Hauser)
Jack Snipe (Ev) (*) ______ SW
Lymnocryptes minimus (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
Red-necked Phalarope (*) (ph) ______ BU:may IC:may,jun TU:aug
Phalaropus lobatus (monotypic)

A Red-necked Phalarope photographed during the FONT Iceland Tour in June 2012
(photo by Gabi Hauser)
Grey Phalarope (*) (ph) ______ IC:jun(at breeding site; uncommon breeder in IC)
Phalaropus fulicarius (monotypic)

Phalaropus fulicarius is called Red Phalarope in North America. Likewise, in Iceland, the local name translates to "Red Phalarope" as a small number nest there in their red breeding plumage.
Cream-colored Courser (Ev) (*) ______ CI:jun,jul
Cursorius cursor bannermani
Collared Pratincole (Ee) (*) ______ BU:may HU:may SP:apr,jun,jul
Glareola p. pratincola
Audouin's Gull (nt) (El) (*) ______ SP:jan,jun,jul,oct,dec
Larus audouinii (monotypic)
Slender-billed Gull (*) ______ BU:may SP:jun,jul,oct,dec TU:aug
Chroicocephalus genei (formerly Larus) genei) (monotypic)
Black-headed Gull (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may GR:jun IC:may,jun,sep,oct PG:sep PO:apr,may RM:may SP:jan,apr,jun,jul,sep,oct,dec SW:sep TU:aug
Chroicocephalus ridibundus (formerly Larus ridibundus) (monotypic)

A Black-headed Gull in non-breeding plumage
(photo by Armas Hill)
Mediterranean Gull (*) ______ BU:may GR:jun IC:sep(rare) SP:jun,oct TU:aug
Chroicocephalus melanocephalus (formerly Larus melanocephalus) (monotypic)
Little Gull (Ed) (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may IC:sep PO:apr,may RM:may SP:oct TU:aug
Hydrocoloeus minutus (formerly Larus minutus) (monotypic)

Little Gull
(photo by Alan Brady)
"European" Herring Gull (*) ______ IC:may,jun,sep,oct PO:apr,may SP:jun,oct SW:sep
Larus argentatus

By some, the "European" Herring Gull is said to be distinct from the "American" Herring Gull of North America, Larus argentatus smithsonianus, and it is also said to be distinct from the Vega Gull of eastern Asia, Larus vegae.
Yellow-legged Gull (*) (ph) ______ BU:may CI:jun,jul GR:jun HU:may RM:may SP:jan,apr,jun,jul,oct,dec SW:sep TU:aug
Larus cachinnans michahellis (CI, SP)
Larus c. cachinnans (BU, HU, RM, SW, TU) ("Caspian, or Pontic Gull")

Yellow-legged Gull
(photo by Howard Eskin)
Lesser Black-backed Gull (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU IC:may,jun,sep PO:apr SP:jan,apr,jun,sep,oct,dec SW:sep TU:aug
Larus f. fuscus ("Baltic Gull")
Larus fuscus graellsii

An adult Lesser Black-backed Gull
(photo by Howard Eskin)
Great Black-backed Gull (*) (ph) ______ IC:may,jun,sep,oct PO:may SP:oct,dec SW:sep
Larus marinus (monotypic)
Glaucous Gull (*) (ph) ______ IC:may,jun,sep,oct
Larus h. hyperboreus

Glaucous Gull
Iceland Gull (*) (ph) ______ IC:may(rare),jun,sep,oct
Larus g. glaucoides

By some, Larus glaucoides glaucoides is considered distinct from the subspecies of the Iceland Gull that breeds in northern North America, the "Kumlien's Gull", Larus glaucoides kumlini.

Iceland Gull
Common Gull (Ed) (*) ______ HU IC:may,jun,sep,oct PO:apr,may RM SP SW;sep
Larus c. canus

Larus canus is called Mew Gull in North America.
Ring-billed Gull (*) ______ IC:sep(rare)
Larus delawarensis
Sabine's Gull (*) (ph) ______ IC:sep(rare) SW
Xema sabini (formerly Larus sabini) (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)

A juvenile Sabine's Gull
(photo by Jens Bruun)
Black-legged Kittiwake (*) (ph) ______ IC:may,jun,sep,oct SW
Rissa tridactyla (now said to be monotypic)

Above: a juvenile Black-legged Kittiwake, with its striking wing pattern
Below: an adult Black-legged Kittiwake cliffside during
the FONT tour in Iceland in June 2012
(upper photo by Alan Brady; lower photo by Gabi Hauser)
Gull-billed Tern (Ee) (*) (ph) ______ BU:may SP:apr,jun,jul TU:aug
Gelochelidon n. nilotica (formerly Sterna n. nilotica)
Caspian Tern (Ee) (*) (ph) ______ BU:may SP:jun,oct,dec TU:aug
Hydroprogne caspia (formerly Sterna caspia)

The Caspian Tern, the largest of the terns,
occurs, in separate populations, in both the Old & New Worlds.
(photo by Abram Fleishman)
Lesser Crested Tern (Er) (*) ______ SP
Thalasseus bengalensis (formerly Sterna bengalensis)
Sandwich Tern (Ed) (*) (ph) ______ BU:may SP:jan,jun,jul,oct,dec SW;sep TU:aug
Thalasseus s. sandvicensis (formerly Sterna s. sandvicensis)
Common Tern (*) ______ BU:may HU:may PO:apr,may SP:jun,jul,oct SW TU:aug
Sterna h. hirundo
Arctic Tern (*) (ph) ______ IC:may,jun,sep(rare in sep) SW
Sterna paradisaea (monotypic)
Little Tern (Ed) (*) ______ BU:may PO:may SP:jun,jul
Sternula a. albifron (formerly Sterna a. albifrons)
Black Tern (Ed) (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may PO:apr,may RM:may SP:apr,jun,jul,oct
Childonias n. niger
White-winged Tern (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may IC:jun(rare) PO:apr,may TU:aug
Childonias leucopterus (monotypic)

Childonias leucopteus was at one time called White-winged Black Tern.

Two photos of the White-winged Tern
(both photos by Alan Brady)
Whiskered Tern (Ed) (*) (ph) ______ BU:may HU:may PO:apr,may RM:may SP:apr,jun,jul TU:aug
Childonias h. hybrida

Whiskered Tern
(photo by Leroy Tabb)
Pomarine Skua (*) (ph) ______ IC:jun(rare) SW
Stercorarius pomarinus (monotypic)

Stercorarius pomarinus is called Pomarine Jaeger in North America.
Arctic Skua (*) (ph) ______ BU:may IC:may,jun
Stercorarius parasiticus (monotypic)

Stercorarius parasiticus is called Parasitic Jaeger in North America.

Above & below: the Arctic Skua, or Parasitic Jaeger
Above: a dark morph during the FONT tour in Iceland in June 2012
Below: an immature bird in Sweden in September
(upper photo by Gabi Hauser; lower photo by Jens Bruun)
Great Skua (*) (ph) ______ IC:may,jun(many),sep(rare) SP:jan,dec
Stercorarius skua (formerly Catharacta skua) (monotypic)

Above & below: Great Skuas where they breed Iceland
Both photographs during FONT tours
(upper photo by Gabi Hauser in June 21012; lower photo during an earlier tour by Cheryl Pearce)
South Polar Skua (*) (ph) ______ CI:jul
Stercorarius maccormicki (formerly Catharacta maccormicki) (monotypic)
Black Guillemot (Ed) (*) (ph) ______ IC:may,jun,sep,oct SW:sep
Cepphus g. grylle

Above & below: Black Guillemots in breeding plumage photographed
during FONT tours in Iceland in May & June.
In the lower photo, the bird's eggs were among the rocks.
(upper photo by Gabi Hauser; lower photo by Cheryl Pearce)

Below: a Black Guillemot in non-breeding plumage
photographed during the FONT Iceland Tour in September/October 2013
(photo by Alan Mitchnick)
Guillemot (*) (ph) ______ IC:may,jun,sep,oct SW
Uria a. aalge

Uria aalge is called Common Murre in North America.

Above: Two Guillemots, or Common Murres (right) and a Razorbill (left)
Below: The bridled form of the Guillemot (or Common Murre)
These birds in Iceland.
Brunnich's Guillemot (*) (ph) ______ IC:jun
Uria l. lomvia

Uria lomvia is called Thick-billed Murre in North America.

A Brunnich's Guillemot, or Thick-billed Murre
(photo by Alan Brady)
Razorbill (*) (ph) ______ IC:jun,oct SP:jan
Uria torda islandica

Above & below: Razorbill
This species has been seen during FONT tours in Iceland, as in the lower photo during
our tour in June 2012.
Also it has been seen close to shore during a FONT Dec/Jan tour in southern Spain.
(upper photo by Kim Steininger; lower photo by Gabi Hauser)
Little Auk ______ IC:oct
Alle alle

Alle alle is called Dovekie in North America.
Atlantic Puffin (Ev) (*) (ph) ______ IC:may,jun,sep
Fratercula a. arctica

Above: an Atlantic Puffin in flight.
Below: Atlantic Puffins by their burrows,
photographed during the FONT tour in Iceland in June 2009
(lower photo by Gerin Hood)

Excellent reference and guide books for the birds of Europe include:

"Complete Guide to the Birds of Europe", with text by Lars Svensson and Peter Grant, illustrated by Killian Mullarney and Dan Zetterstrom, 1999. Harper Collins & Princeton Univ Press

"Birds of Europe with North Africa & the Middle East", by Lars Jonsson, 1993, Princeton Univ Press

Other related books:

"Raptors of the World", by James Ferguson-Lee & David Christie, 2001, Houghton Mifflin

"Icelandic Bird Guide", by Oli Johann, 2000, Prentsmidjan Oddi hf.

"Owls - A Guide to the Owls of the World", by C. Konig, Friedhelm Weick, & Jan-Hendrik Becking, 1999, Yale University Press

"Owls of Europe", by Heimo Mikkola, 1983, T & A D Poyser

"Guia de las Aves de las Islas Canarias", by Jose Manuel Moreno, 1988, Editorial Interinsular Canaria, S.A.

"La Guia de Incafo de las Aves de la Peninsula Iberica", by Ramon Saez-Royuela, 1980, Incafo.

"Woodpeckers - An Identification Guide to the Woodpeckers of the World", by Hans Winkler, David Christie, & David Nurney, 1995, Houghton Mifflin

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