MAMMALS
in Japan

noting those during 
Focus On Nature Tours 
1991 thru 2015
with an (*)


A List of 
Land and Marine Mammals
in Japan 
compiled by Armas Hill 





In the list, Japanese names follow those in English.


PHOTO AT RIGHT: A JAPANESE SEROW
photographed during a FONT tour on the island of Honshu


Codes:

AM: Amami Island
HK: Hokkaido
HN: Honshu
KY: Kyushu
NS: the islands of Nansei Shoto (from the ferry between Amami & Okinawa)
OK: Okinawa 
(p): seen pelagically

(i/JA):  introduced in Japan

(ph):  species with a photo in the FONT website 

Links:

Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours in Japan  

A List & Photo Gallery of Japan Birds, in 2 Parts:
Part #1: Pheasants to Pitta    Part #2: Minivets to Buntings

A List of Japanese Butterflies  (with some photos)

List of Japanese Mammals:



          PIKAS  (in the Order Lagomorpha, Family Ochotonidae) (26 species worldwide)

1. Northern Pika  (Naki-usagi) (ph) (*) ______ HK (range: Siberia, northeast China, north Korea, and Hokkaido, Japan)
   Ochotona hyperborea yesoensis
   
   
   
   A Northern Pika in Hokkaido, Japan
   
   
   RABBITS & HARES  (in the Order Lagomorpha, Family Leporidae) (57 species worldwide)
   
   
2. Amami Rabbit  (Amami-no-kuro-usagi)  (ph) (*)  ______ AM  (endemic to Japan; on Amami Island only, endangered)
   Pentalagus furnessi 
   
   
   
   Amami Rabbit
   
   
3. Japanese Hare  (No-usagi) (*)  ______ HN  (endemic to Japan)
   Lepus brachyurus brachyurus
   Lepus brachyurus angustidens
   Lepus brachyurus okiensis
   Lepus brachyurus lyoni
   
   
4. Mountain Hare  (Yuki-usagi) ______ HK
   Lepus timidus ainu
   
   
   RODENTS: gnawing mammals (Order Rodentia - the largest order of mammals with nearly 2,000 species worldwide)
   Families include:
   Squirrels (Sciuridae)
   Voles, Lemmings, and Muskrats (Arvicolinae)
   True Mice & Rats (Muridae)
   Dormice (Gliridae)  
   
   
5. Japanese Squirrel  (Nihon-risu)  (ph) (*)  ______ HN  (endemic to Japan)
   Sciurus lis
   
   
   
   Japanese Squirrel
   (photographed by Paul West during a FONT tour in Honshu, Japan, April 2001) 
   
   
6. Eurasian Red Squirrel  (Ezo-risu) (*) ______ HK
   Sciurus vulgaris orientis  
   
   
7. Siberian (or Asian) Chipmunk  (Shima-risu)  (ph) (*) ______ HK
   Tamias sibiricus lineatus 
   
   
   
   A Siberian Chipmunk in Hokkaido, Japan
   
   
8. Grey-bellied Squirrel  (Taiwan-risu) ______ (also called Formosan Tree-Squirrel) (introduced in southern Japan: Ryukyu Islands)
   Callosciurus caniceps
   
   
9. Japanese Flying Squirrel  ______  HN,KY  (endemic to Japan)
   Pteromys momonga 
   
   
10. Siberian Flying Squirrel  (Momonga) ______ HK
    Pteromys volans orii
    
    
11. Japanese Giant Flying Squirrel  (Musasabi) (*) ______ HN 
    Petaurista leucogenys 
    
    
12. Japanese Grass Vole ______ 
    Microtus montebelli 
    
    
13. Grey-sided Vole (*) ______ HK
    Clethrionomys rufocanus bedfordiae 
    
    
14. Ruddy Vole ______ 
    Clethrionomys rutilus mikado  HK
    
    
15. Japanese Red-backed Vole ______ HN  (endemic to Japan)
    Phaulomys andersoni 
    
    
16. Smith's Vole ______  (endemic to Japan)
    Phaulomys smithiipermophilus mexicanus 
    
    
17. Korean Field Mouse ______ HK  (range: eastern Asia)
    Apodemus peninsulae giliacus
    
    
18. Large Japanese Fieldmouse  (*)  ______ KY
    Apodemus speciosus
    
    
19. Ryukyu Mouse ______ (range: southern Japan, southern China, and Indochina)
    Mus caroli
    
    
20. Ryukyu Spiny Rat  (Amami-togenezumi) (*)  ______  AM  (has also been called the Amami Spinous Mouse)  (endemic to Japan, only on Amami Island, endangered)
    Tokudaia osimensis
    
    
21. Muennink's Spiny Rat   ______ OK (endemic to Japan; only on Okinawa, critically endangered)
    Tokudaia muenninki 
    
    
22. Brown Rat  (*)  ______  HK  (also called Common Rat or, incorrectly, Norway Rat) (introduced worldwide with human settlements, originally from southeast Siberia & northern China)
    Rattus norvegicus
    
    
23. Ryukyu (Tree) Rat  (Kenaga-nezumi) (*) ______  AM  (endemic to Japan, on Ryukyu Islands)
    Diplothrix (formerly Rattus) legatus
    
    
24. Japanese Dormouse  (Yamana)  ______  (endemic to Japan) (endangered)
    Glirulus japonicus 
    
    
    CARNIVORES  (Order Carnivora)
    Families include:
    Genets & Civets: (Viverridae)
    Mongooses:  (Herpestidae)
    Canines: Dogs & Foxes (Canidae)
    Felines: Cats (Felidae) 
    Bears: (Ursidae)
    Procyonids: Raccoons & allies (Procyonidae)
    Mustelids: Weasels, Skunks & allies (Mustelidae)
    
    
    GENETS & CIVETS  (Family Viverridae) (37 species worldwide)
    
    
25. Masked Palm Civet  (Hakubishin) ______ (introduced in Japan)  
    Paguma larvata 
    
    
    MONGOOSES  (Family Herpestidae) (38 species worldwide)
    
    
26. Small Indian Mongoose (*) ______  AM  OK (introduced in Ryukyu Islands, Japan)   
    Herpestes auropunctatus
    
    
27. Indian Grey Mongoose (*) ______ OK (introduced, locally in Ryukyu islands, Japan)  
    Herpestes edwardsii 
    
    
    CANINES, Dogs & Foxes  (Family Canidae): (35 species worldwide)
    
    
28. Red Fox  (Kitsune)  (ph) (*) _____ HK  HN  (considered conspecific with the Red Fox in North America, Vulpes vulpes fulva)
    Vulpes vulpes schrencki  (subspecies on Hokkaido)
    Vulpes vulpes japonica (subspecies on other Japanese islands) 
    
    
    
    Red Fox
    (photo by Doris Potter)
    
    
29. Raccoon Dog  (Tanuki)  (ph) (*) ______ HN  KY
    Nyctereutes procyonoides albus  (subspecies on Hokkaido)
    Nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus  (subspecies on Honshu & Kyushu) 
    
    
    
    
    Raccoon Dogs, as seen during FONT tours in Kyushu, Japan
    The animal, actually a canine and not related to Raccoons, is often nocturnal. 
    
    
    FELINES, Cats (Family Felidae) (39 species worldwide) 
    
    
30. Leopard Cat  (Tsushima-yamaneko) ______ (also called Small-eared Cat) (range: Afghanistan to Korea, south to Vietnam, also Philippines) (in Japan, on islands in the Sea of Japan)   
    Felis bengalensis euptilura 
    
    
31. Iriomote Cat  (Iriomote-yamaaneko)  ______ (endemic to Japan; only on Iriomote Island)
    Felis iriomotensis
    
    
    BEARS (Family Ursidae) (8 species worldwide)
    
    
32. Asiatic Black Bear  (Tsukinowaguma) ______  HN
    Urus thibetanus    
    
    
33. Brown Bear  (Higuma)  (ph)   ______  HK
    Ursus arctos yesoensis (Ursus arctos has also been Ursus horribilis)
    
    The Brown Bear of Eurasia and the Grizzly Bear of North America are now considered by most as a single species.
    
    
34. Polar Bear ______ HK (has occurred in far-northern Japan, but very rarely)  
    Thalarctos maritimus 
    
    
    MUSTELIDS, Otters, Weasels, and Badgers (Family Mustelidae) (68 species worldwide)  
    
    
35. Eurasian Otter  (Nihon-kawa-uso) ______   
    Lutra lutra nippon 
    
    
36. Sea Otter  (Rakko)  (ph) (*) ______  HK  (endangered) (in Japan, very rare)
    Enhydra lutris
    
    The Sea Otter, or Rakko, has been seen during two recent FONT tours in Hokkaido, Japan, in 2010 & 2011.
    
    
    
    Sea Otters
    
    
37. Japanese Marten  (Ten) (*) ______  HK  HN  KY 
    Martes melampus melampus  (subspecies on Honshu)
    Martes melampus tsuensis  (subspecies on the southern Japanese island of Tsushima) 
    (another subspecies, Martes melampus coreensis, occurs in Korea)
    
    The Japanese Martin is found in Japan throughout Honshu and Kyushu. It has been introduced in Hokkaido.
    
    Martes melampus is also called the Yellow Martin.  
    
    Martens (this & the following species) look very much like weasels (below), but they are larger and with a sturdier build. 
    The Japanese Marten is closely related to the Sable (below). 
    
    The Japanese Marten is omnivorous, preferring meat from fish, frogs, and small birds and mammals, but it does also consume insects, fruit, and seeds. 
    It sleeps in a den in a hollow tree or in a ground burrow.
    
    The pelage of the Japanese Marten varies in color from a dark brown to a dull yellow, with a cream-colored head and throat.
    On average, it is 18 inches in length, not counting its 8 inch tail. Males are generally larger than females.  
    
    
38. Sable  (Kuro-ten) ______ HK
    Martes zibellina brachyurus 
    
    The Sable inhabits forests, mostly in Russia from the Ural Mountains east throughout Siberia, and also in eastern Kazakhstan, northern Mongolia and China, Korea, and in Japan on the northern island of Hokkaido.
    
    The body length of the Sable is 15 to 22 inches for males, and 14 to 20 inches for females. The animal has a long, bushy tail, from 3.5 to 5 inches in length, that is used for balance when climbing.
    
    The Sable has had a reputation in Japan for being bad tempered and aggressive.    
    
    
39. Stoat  (or Ermine) ______ 
    Mustela erminea orientalis  (subspecies on Hokkaido) 
    Mustela erminea nippon   (subspecies on Honshu) 
    
    
40. Least Weasel ______ 
    Mustela nivalis nivalis  (subspecies on Hokkaido)
    Mustela nivalis namiyae  (subspecies on Honshu)
    
    
41. Japanese Weasel ______
    Mustela itatsi 
    
    Mustela itatsi is often classified as a subspecies of the Siberian Weasel, Mustela sibirica. The two are very similar in appearance, but differ in the ratio of tail length to head and body length. There are also genetic differences suggesting that the two diverged around 1.6 million years ago. Their ranges now overlap in western Japan where the Siberian Weasel has been introduced.    
    
    The Japanese Weasel is found on the Japanese islands of Honshu, Kyushu, and Shikoku. It has been introduced in Hokkaido and on some Ryukyu islands to control rodents.
    Outside Japan, it has been introduced on Sakhalin Island in Russia.
    
    The Japanese Weasel typically occurs in mountainous, forested areas near water. Its diet includes mice, reptiles, insects, and crayfish.
    The fur is orange-brown with darker markings on the head. Adult males can have a body length up to 14 inches in length, with a tail length up to 6.5 inches. Females are smaller.     
    
    
42. Siberian Weasel  (i/JA)  ______
    Mustela sibirica
    
    Regarding Mustela sibirica in Japan, see note above.  
    
    
43. Eurasian Badger  (Ana-guma)  (*) ______  HN
    Meles meles anakura 
    
    The Eurasian Badger is a terrestrial animal that burrows.
    
    
    MOLES, SHREW-MOLES, and DESMANS (Family Talpidae) (42 species worldwide)
    
    
44. Echigo Mole  ______ (endemic to Japan; only on Echigo Plain on Honshu, endangered)
    Talpa (formerly Mogera) etigo 
    
    
45. Tokudoa's Mole  ______ (endemic to Japan; only on Sado Island, endangered)
    Talpa (formerly Mogera) tokudae
    
    
46. Japanese Mole  ______  (endemic to Japan)
    Talpa (formerly Mogera) wogura
    
    
47. True's Shrew-Mole  (*)  ______  KY  (endemic to Japan)
    Urotrichus pilirostris
    
    
48. Japanese Shrew-Mole (*)  ______ KY  (endemic to Japan)
    Urotrichus talpoides 
    
    
    SHREWS (in the Order Soricodae, Family Soricidae) (335 species worldwide)
    
    
49. Eurasian Least Shrew ______ HK (range: northern Europe east to eastern Siberia, Korea, and Hokkaido, Japan) 
    Sorex minutissimus hawkeri
    
    
50. Sado Shrew ______ (endemic to Japan; on Sado Island, endangered)
    Sorex sadonis 
    
    
51. Lesser White-toothed Shrew ______ (range: Europe east to Japan & Taiwan) (in Japan, only on islands in Sea of Japan)
    Crocidura suaveolens shantungensis
    
    
52. Asian House Shrew ______ (range: Afghanistan to China, & Japan & Taiwan)
    Suncus murinus  
    
    
    BATS  (Order Chiroptera - with about 950 species worldwide, the diversity of bats is second only to that of rodents)
    
    Old World Fruit Bats (Family Pteropodidae) (177 species in the Old World)
    
    
53. Bonin Flying Fox  ______ (endemic to Japan; only on Bonin & Volcano Islands, critically endangered)
    Pteropus pselaphon 
    
    
54. Ryukyu Flying Fox  (O-komon) (*) ______ OK  (range: in Japan, southern Kyushu & Ryukyu islands, also Taiwan; endangered) 
    Pteropus dasymallus dasymallus
    Pteropus dasymallus inopinatus  (subspecies on Okinawa) 
    Pteropus dasymallus daitoensis
    Pteropus dasymallus yayeyamae
    
    
    Horseshoe Bats (Family Rhinolophidae) (145 species worldwide) 
    
      
55. Little Japanese Horseshoe Bat  (*)   ______ HN  (endemic to Japan)
    Rhinolophus cornutus 
    
    
56. Greater Horseshoe Bat ______ (range: across Eurasia)
    Rhinolophus ferrumequinum
    
    
57. Lesser Roundleaf Bat ______ (range: in Japan, southern Ryukyu islands, also Thailand; endangered)
    Hipposideros turpis 
    
    
    Free-tailed Bats  (Family Molossidae) (94 species worldwide)
    
    
58. Latouche's Free-tailed Bat ______ (range: most commonly China & Thailand, but has occurred on Ryukyu islands, southern Japan)
    Tadarida latouchei  
    
    
    Vesper Bats (Family Vespertilionidae) (364 species worldwide) 
    
    
59. Eastern Barbastelle ______ 
    Barbastella leucomelas darjelingensis 
    
    
60. Brown Long-eared Bat ______  
    Plecotus auritus  
    
    
61. Savi's Pipistrelle ______ (range: southern Europe east to China & Japan, south to India & Myanmar)
    Pipistrellus (formerly Hypsugo) savii
    
    
62. Japanese Pipistrelle  (*)  ______  HN  (also called Japanese House Bat)
    Pipistrellus agramus 
    
    
63. Endo's Pipistrelle ______ (endangered)
    Pipistrellus endoi
    
    
64. Bird-like Noctule ______ 
    Nyctalus aviator   
    
    
65. Big-footed Myotis ______   
    Myotis macrodactylus 
    
    
66. Natterer's Bat ______ 
    Myotis nattereri 
    
    
67. Fraternal Myotis ______ (range: Afghanistan east to Japan)
    Myotis frater 
    
    
68. Okinawa Myotis   ______ (endemic to Japan, only on Okinawa)
    Myotis yanbarensis 
    
    
69. Greater Tube-nosed Bat ______ (range: Kazakhstan east to Japan)  
    Murina leucogaster hilgendorti
    
     
70. Ussuri Tube-nosed Bat ______ (endangered)  (range: eastern Siberia, Korea, and Japan)
    Murina ussuriensis silvatica 
    
    
71. Ryukyu Tube-nosed Bat   ______ (endemic to Japan; on Ryukyu islands)
    Murina ryukyuana 
    
    
72. Gloomy Tube-nosed Bat   ______ (endemic to Japan; on Tsushima Island, critically endangered)
    Murina tenebrosa
    
    
    OLD WORLD MONKEYS (in the Order Primates, the Family Cercopithecidae) (132 species in the Old World)
    
    
73. Japanese Macaque  (Nihonzaru)  (ph) (*) ______ HN,KY  (endemic to Japan) (popularly called "Snow Monkey")
    Macaca fuscata fuscata   (subspecies on Honshu & Kyushu)
    Macaca fuscata yakui   (subspecies in the Ryukyu islands) 
    
    The Japanese Macaque occurs on all of the main Japanese islands except for Hokkaido. 
    It is semi-arboreal, spending about equal amounts of time on the ground and in trees. it can leap quite well, and often makes shrieking sounds as it does.     
    
    
    
    A Japanese Macaque, or "Snow Monkey" 
    
    
    EVEN-TOED UNGULATES (Order Artiodactyla)
    This order worldwide is diverse, including: pigs, hippopotamuses, camels, deer, antelope, and cattle.
    
    PIGS (Family Suidae) (17 species in the Old World)
    
    
74. Eurasian Wild Boar  (Inoshishi) (*) ______ HN,KY,AM,OK
    Sus scrofa leucomystax (*)  (Honshu & Kyushu)
    Sus scrofa riukiuanus (*)  (Amami, Okinawa) 
    
    
    DEER (Family Cervidae) (47 species worldwide)
    
    
75. Sika Deer (Shika)  (ph) (*) ______ HK,KY (range: native to forests of eastern Siberia, Korea, eastern China, and Japan)
    Cervus nippon yesoensis  (*)  (Hokkaido)
    Cervus nippon centralis  (Honshu)
    Cervus nippon nippon  (*) (Kyushu)
    Cervus nippon pulchellus  (Ryukyu Islands)
    
    
    
    Sika Deer in the woods in Hokkaido, 
    photographed during the FONT Jan/Feb 2009 Tour in Japan
    (photo by Karl Frafjord)
    
    
    SHEEP, GOATS, BISON, & MUSKOX  (Family Bovidae) (141 species worldwide)
    
    
76. Japanese Serow  (Kamoshika)  (ph) (*) ______ HN  (endemic to Japan)
    Capricornis crispus  
    
    In the genus Capricornis, according to recent taxonomy, there are 6 species of these goat antelopes:
    Capricornis crispus, the Japanese Serow, restricted to Japan
    Capricornis milneedwardsii, the Chinese Serow, in China and some southeastern Asian countries
    Capricornis rubidus, the Red Serow, restricted to Myanmar, or Burma
    Capricornis sumatraensis, the Sumatran Serow, in Indonesia, Malaysia, and southern Thailand
    Capricornis swinhoei, the Formosan Serow, restricted to Taiwan (at one time conspecific with the Japanese Serow)
    Capricornis thar, the Himalayan Serow, along the Himalayan range
    
    The Japanese Serow is slightly smaller than the Capricornis species of mainland Asia, with, generally, woollier and thicker fur and a more bushy tail. It lacks the heavy mane of the mainland forms.
    
    At one time, the Japanese Serow existed throughout much of the higher forested regions of the Japanese islands of Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu. But it is now restricted to some mountainous areas of central and northern Honshu, and only very small numbers remain in eastern Shikoku and in Kyushu.
    The Japanese Serow became extinct in western Honshu by the early 20th Century. 
    In Kyushu, the already low population is decreasing further. That may be due to interspecific competition with Sika Deer. The deer population on Kyushu has recently been increasing.   
    
    Back in the early 20th Century, the considerable reduction of original forests greatly reduced the habitat of the serow, an animal of woodlands.
    
    Also serow meat was said to be more tasty than sika venison, and so Capricornis crispus was heavily hunted. Its skin was popularly used as carpet.
    
    By 1924, only a few Japanese Serow remained. In that year, the animal was declared by the Japanese government to be a special natural monument, thus according it complete protection against hunting and capture. Later, several reserves were established for the species' protection. Those measures eventually proved effective and enabled the population to build up to an estimated 1,500 in the 1960s.     
    In the 1970s, the Japanese Serow population increased more substantially. Among other factors, an increase in young conifer plantations at that time supplied more food for the serow, causing a population growth. By 1983, the total population was estimated as having gone up to 70,000 and maybe higher. 
    Today, the population of Capicornis crispus in Japan is assumed to be stable or slightly increasing.      
    
    
    
    Japanese Serow
    
    
    
    MARINE MAMMALS I - SEALS & SEA LIONS  (Order Pinnidedia, "fin-footed")
    
    EARED SEALS, including SEA LIONS & FUR SEALS  (Family Otariidae) (14 species worldwide)
    
    
77. Steller's (or Northern) Sea Lion  (Todo) (*) ______ HK 
    Eumetopias jubatus 
    
    
    Males of the Steller's Sea Lion are nearly 10 feet long, and can weigh up to 2,200 pounds; females up 6.6 feet in length, and weighing up to 660 pounds.
    
    
78. Northern Fur Seal  (Ottosei)  (ph) (*) ______ HK,HN(p) 
    Callorbinnus ursinus 
    
    
    EARLESS SEALS  (Family Phocidae) (20 species worldwide)  
    
    
79. Harbor Seal  (Gomafu-azarashi)  (ph) (*) ______ HK  
    Phoca vitulina stejnegeri  (this subspecies known as the Kurile Seal (Zenigata-azarashi) Phoca kurilensis, by some said to be a distinct species. It is larger and more sexually dimorphic)
    
    Harbor Seals range from 3.9 to 5.9 feet in length, weigh from 99 to 230 pounds. 
    
    
80. Largha (or Spotted) Seal ______ HK
    Phoca largha 
    
    
81. Ringed Seal ______ HK
    Phoca hispida ochotensis
    
    
82. Ribbon Seal  (Kurakaka-azarashi) ______ HK
    Histriophoca fasciata
    
    
83. Bearded Seal ______ HK
    Erignathus barbatus nauticus
    
    
84. Northern Elephant Seal ______ HK  
    Mirounga angustirostris
    
    Male Northern Elephant Seals can be over 16 feet in length, and weigh up to 4,400 pounds; females weigh up to 1,760 pounds. 
    
    
    WALRUS  (formerly in Family Odobenidae, now in Family Phocidae)
    
    
85. Walrus ______ HK
    Odobenus rosmarus
    
    
    SIRENIANS  (Order Sirenia)
    
    DUGONG  (Family Dugongidae) (1 species, in the Old World)  
    
    
86. Dugong ______ (in the Ryukyu islands) (closely related to the manatees, or "Sea Cows")
    Dugong dugon   
    
    
    MARINE MAMMALS II - PORPOISES, DOLPHINS, & WHALES  (Order Cetacea)
    
    TOOTHED WHALES (Suborder Odontoceti) includes: Dolphins & Porpoises, the Beaked Whales, Sperm Whales, the Beluga and Narwhal. 
    
    MARINE DOLPHINS  (Family Delphinidae) (34 species worldwide)
    
     
87. Short-beaked Common Dolphin  (ph) (*) ______ NS (also called "Saddleback Dolphin")  
    Delphinus delphis
    
    
88. Long-beaked Common Dolphin (*) ______ KY
    Delphinus capensis 
    
    
89. Common Bottle-nosed Dolphin  (ph) (*) ______ NS
    Tursiops truncatus
    
    
90. Pantropical Spotted Dolphin ______ 
    Stenella attenuata 
    
    
91. Striped Dolphin ______
    Stenella coeruleoalba
    
    
92. Spinner Dolphin ______
    Stenella longirostris
    
    
93. Frazer's Dolphin  (ph)  ______
    Lagenodelphia hosei
    
    
94. Rough-toothed Dolphin (*) ______ NS
    Steno bredanensis
    
    
95. Northern Right Whale Dolphin ______ 
    Lissodelphis borealis
    
    
96. Pacific White-sided Dolphin  (Kama-iruka)  (*) ______ HK  HN  
    Lagenorhynchus obliquidens
    
    Pacific White-sided Dolphins are up to just over 7 feet in length; up to about 200 pounds in weight.  
    
    
97. Risso's Dolphin  (ph) (*) ______ (also called Gray Grampus) 
    Grampus griseus
    
    Risso's Dolphins are up to nearly 12 feet in length; up to 900 pounds in weight.
    
    
98. Orca  (ph) (*) ______  (has also been called Killer Whale or "Sea Wolf")
    Orcinus orca
    
    Male Orcas are up to 30 feet in length, females up to 27 feet; males weigh up to 5 tons, females up to 3 tons. The male's dorsal fin can be 6 feet high; that of the female about 2 feet in height. 
    
    The Orca is one of the fastest swimming whales, with a maximum recorded speed of 30 knots maintained for 20 minutes. 
    
    
99. False Killer Whale ______ 
    Pseudorca crassidens
    
    
100. Pygmy Killer Whale ______
     Feresa attenuata
     
     
101. Melon-headed Whale ______ 
     Peponocephala electra
     
     
102. Long-finned Pilot Whale  (ph)  ______ (has also been called "Blackfish")
     Globicephala melas
     
     
103. Short-finned Pilot Whale  (ph)  ______ (has also been called "Blackfish")
     Globicephala macrorhynchus
     
     Male Short-finned Pilot Whales are up to over 22 feet in length; females up to over 16 feet long. Males weigh to to 2,640 pounds; females up to 1,760 pounds.
     
     
     PORPOISES (Family Phocoenidae) (6 species worldwide)
     
     
104. Finless Porpoise ______
     Neophocaena phocaenoides
     
     
105. Harbor Porpoise (*) ______
     Phocoena phocoena
     
     
106. Dall's Porpoise (*) ______
     Phocoenoides dalli
     
     Dall's Porpoises are up to 6.6 feet in length, up to 330 pounds in weight.
     
     
     BEAKED WHALES  (formerly Family Ziphiidae, now Family Hyperoodontidae) (21 species worldwide) (Pelagic in habitat, most are poorly known)
     
     
107. Stejneger's Beaked Whale ______
     Mesoplodon stejnegeri
     
     
108. Hubb's Beaked Whale ______ (temperate coastal waters off NE Honshu, central Japan; also off western North America)
     Mesoplodon carihubbsi
     
     
109. Cuvier's Beaked Whale  (ph)  ______ (has also been called Goosebeak Whale)
     Ziphius cavirostris
     
     
110. Blainville's Beaked Whale ______ 
     Mesoplodon densirostris
     
     
111. Ginkgo-toothed Beaked Whale ______ (warm-temperate waters near Japan & Taiwan)
     Mesoplodon ginkgodens
     
     
112. Baird's Beaked Whale  (ph)  ______ 
     Berardius bairdii
     
     
113. Longman's Beaked Whale ______ (very few records from the southern Pacific & Indian Oceans, recorded in far-southern Japan)
     Indopacetus pacificus
     
     
     GREAT SPERM WHALE  (Family Physeteridae) (1 species worldwide)
     
     
114. (Great) Sperm Whale  (ph) (*) ______ (has also been called Cachalot)
     Physeter catodon
     
     
     PYGMY SPERM WHALES (Family Kogiidae) (2 species worldwide)
     
     
115. Pygmy Sperm Whale  (ph)  ______
     Kogia breviceps
     
     
116. Dwarf Sperm Whale  (ph)  ______
     Kogia sima
     
     
     BALEEN WHALES - whales without teeth (Suborder Mysticeti)
     
     GRAY WHALE  (formerly in its own Family Eschrichtiidae, now in the Family Balaenopteridae)
     
     
117. Gray Whale ______  (Other names: "Mussel-digger", "Scrag Whale") 
     Eschrichtius robustus
     
     Female Gray Whales are larger than males: females up to over 46 feet long, males up to over 42 feet long; the animal's weight can be up to 33 tons 
     In the western Pacific, the  population (off Korea) may now be extinct.   
     
     
     RORQUAL (or FINBACK) WHALES (Family Balaenopteridae) (8 species worldwide)
     
     
118. Humpback Whale  (ph) (*) ______  NS  (winters in waters around Ryukyu islands)
     Megaptera novaeanliae
     
     Humpback Whales are up to over 52 feet in length, weighing up to 44 tons.
     
     
119. Northern Minke Whale  (ph) (*) ______ (has also been called Piked Whale or Lesser Rorqual) 
     Balacnoptera acutorostrata
     
     Until 1998, the Northern Minke Whale was considered conspecific with the population in the Southern Hemisphere, now the Antarctic Minke Whale, B. bonaerensis.
     Minke Whales are up to about 30 feet in length, weighing up to nearly 10 tons.
     
     
120. Bryde's Whale (*) ______
     Balaenoptera brydei
     
     
121. Sei Whale (*) ______ 
     Balaenoptera borealis
     
     
122. Fin Whale  (ph) (*) ______ (has also been called Common Rorqual)
     Balaenoptera physalus
     
     
123. Blue Whale  (ph)  ______ (has also been called "Sulphurbottom")
     Balaenoptera musculus
     
     The Blue Whale is the largest of all mammals worldwide.
     
     
     RIGHT & BOWHEAD WHALES (Family Balaenidae) (5 species worldwide)
     
     
124. North Pacific Right Whale ______ (endangered)
     Balaena (formerly Eubalaena) japonica (formerly part of Balaena (Eubalaena) glacialis, and when so called the Northern Right Whale)
     
     
125. Bowhead Whale ______ (rarely south to Japan)
     Balaena mysticetus  
       
     
     

References for the above mammal-list include:

"Mammals of the World, A Checklist" by Andrew Duff & Ann Lawson,  published by Yale University Press, 2004. 

"Mammals in Japan": Field Best Encyclopedia Vol. 12, 2002

"Eyewitness Handbook: Whales, Dolphins & Porpoises - a Visual Guide to the World's Cetaceans", by Mark Carwardine, illustrated by Martin Camm, 1995  

"World Guide to Mammals" by Nicole Duplaix & Noel Simon, 1976

"The Encyclopedia of Mammals", edited by Dr. David Macdonald, 1984