Japan Birds

from Pheasants 
to Pittas

noting those during 
Focus On Nature Tours
with an (*)

1994 thru 2011

(during the months of 
January, February, 
April, May, June, July,
November, & December)

Part 1 of a Japan Bird-List compiled by Armas Hill, 
the leader of FONT tours in Japan

Photo at upper right: RED-CROWNED CRANES in Hokkaido, as seen during the FONT Winter Tours
(The RED-CROWNED CRANE also known as the JAPANESE CRANE)  


Link:

Part #2 of this List of Japan Birds: Minivets to Buntings

There have been 22 FONT Fall & Winter birding & nature tours in Japan: FW.
There have been 13 FONT Spring & Summer birding & nature tours in Japan: SS.

During our 35 FONT tours in Japan, 393 species of birds have cumulatively been found. 

In the following list, Japanese bird names follow English names.



Codes:

(i): introduced species

(t): a globally threatened or rare species, designated by Birdlife International.
(t1): critical
(t2): endangered
(t3): vulnerable
(nt): considered a near-threatened species globally

(JAr):       rare in Japan
(JArs):     rare in Japan in spring/summer
(JArw):    rare in Japan in winter

(JAe):      Japanese endemic
(JAeb):    Japanese endemic breeder
(JAneb):  Japanese near-endemic breeder

FW: Seen during FONT Fall & Winter Japanese birding tours.
SS: Seen during FONT Spring & Summer Japanese birding tours.

In the list that follows, relating to birds during FONT tours, the Japanese islands & the months are noted.
HN:    on Honshu
HI:     on Hegura Island (Hegura-jima) in the Sea of Japan off Honshu. (Hegura Island visited during our Spring tours) 
HK:    on Hokkaido
KY:    on Kyushu
AM:   on Amami 
OK:    on Okinawa
NS:    in the southern Japanese islands of Nansei Shoto (other than Amami & Okinawa). 

(p):    following the 2-letter island code, indicates also during an offshore pelagic trip
(po):  following the 2-letter island code. indicates only during an offshore pelagic trip
 
(ph):  species with a photo in this FONT web-site 



Links:

Upcoming Japan Birding & Nature Tours

FONT Past Tour Highlights

Birds during Previous FONT tours in Japan in: 

Honshu  (over 300 species)

Hegura Island  (with some photos)

the Island of Amami

the island of Okinawa


Rare Birds during our Japan Tours  (with some photos)

Japanese Mammals  (with some photos)

Japanese Butterflies  (with some photos)

Directory of Photos in this Website, in this list & others

List of Japan Birds, noting those during FONT Tours (Part #1):

1. Copper Pheasant   (Yamadori)  (nt) (JAe) (*) (ph) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,apr,may  KY:jan,may,dec
   Syrmaticus soemmerringii
   Syrmaticus s. subrufus  (on Honshu)
   Syrmaticus s. ijimae  (on Kyushu)
   
   
   
   
   Copper Pheasants have been seen during FONT tours in Honshu & Kyushu
    
   
2. Green Pheasant  (Kiji)  (JAe) (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,apr,may,jun  KY:jan,feb,nov,dec 
   Phasianus versicolor
   Phasianus v. tohkaidi (on Honshu)
   Phasianus v. tanensis (on Kyushu)
   
   The Green Pheasant has been considered conspecific with the Common Pheasant, native to Eurasia, Phasianus colchicus.
     
   
3. Hazel Grouse  (Ezo-raicho)  ______
   Tetrastes bonasia vicinitas
   
   
4. Rock Ptarmigan  (Raicho)  (ph)  ______
   Lagopus muta japonica 
   
   
5. Japanese Quail  (Uzura) ______
   Coturnix japonica  (monotypic)
   
   
6. Barred Buttonquail  (Mifu-uzura)  ______
   Turnix suscitator okinavensis  
   
   
7. Chinese Bamboo Partridge  (Kojukei)  (i) (*) ______ FW  KY:jan,feb,may,dec
   Bambusicola t. thoracica
   
   
8. Lesser Whistling Duck  (Ryukyu-gamo)  ______
   Dendrocygna javanica
   
   
9. Mute Swan  (Kobu-hakucho)  (i) (*) (ph) ______ SS,FW  HN:jan,feb,may,jun,dec  HK:jun,dec  KY:jan,nov
   Cygnus olor  (monotypic)
   
   
10. Whooper Swan  (O-hakucho)  (*) (ph) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb  HK:jan,feb,nov,dec
    Cygnus cygnus  (monotypic)
    
    
    
    
    Whooper Swans photographed in Hokkaido 
    during a FONT Winter Tour in Japan
    (photo by Alan Brady)
      
    
11. "Bewick's" Tundra Swan  (Ko-hakucho)  (*)  ______ FW  HN:jan  KY:jan,feb,nov  
    Cygnus columbianus bewickii
    
    The "Bewick's" Tundra Swan is conspecific with the "Whistling" Tundra Swan of North America.
    
    
12. Greylag Goose  (Haiiro-gan)  (JAr) (*) (ph)  ______ SS,FW  HK:may,dec
    Anser anser rubrirostris
    
    
13. Greater White-fronted Goose  (Ma-gan)  (*) ______ FW   HN:jan,nov  HK:dec  KY:jan
    Anser albifrons frontalis
    
    
14. Bean Goose  (Hishikui)  (*) ______ FW  HN:jan,feb,nov  KY:jan
    Anser fabalis middendorffii:  Taiga Bean Goose
    Anser fabalis serrirostris:  Tundra Bean Goose
    
    
15. Snow Goose  (Haku-gan)  (JAr) (*) ______ FW  HN:jan,nov
    Anser (formerly Chen) caerulescens hyperboreus
    
    
16. Swan Goose  (Sakatsura)  (t2) (JAr)  ______
    Anser cygnoides  (monotypic)
    
    
17. Lesser White-fronted Goose  (Karigane)  (t3) (JAr)  ______
    Anser erythropus  (monotypic)
    
    
18. Emperor Goose  (Mikado-gan)  (nt) (JAr)  ______
    Anser  (formerly Chen) canagicus  (monotypic)
    
    
19. Bar-headed Goose  (Indo-gan)  ______
    Anser indicus  (monotypic)
    
    
20. "Black" Brant Goose  (Koku-gan)  (*) ______ FW  HK:jan
    Branta bernicla orientalis
    
    
21. (Greater) Canada Goose  (Shijukara-gan)  (JAr)  ______
    Branta canadensis
    
    
22. Lesser (or Cackling) Canada Goose  (JAr)  ______
    Branta hutchinsii minima
    
    
23. Common Shelduck   (Tsukushi-gamo)  (*) ______ FW   KY:jan,feb  AM:jan
    Tadorna tadorna  (monotypic)
    
    
24. Ruddy Shelduck  (Aka-tsukushi-gamo)  (JAr)  ______
    Tadorna feruginea  (monotypic)
    
    
25. Crested Shelduck  (Kanmuri-tsukushi)  ______  (now presumed globally extinct)  
    Tadorna cristata  
    
    The last reliable sighting of the Crested Shelduck was of 1 male and 2 females on an island off eastern Russia in May 1964.  
    
    
26. Mandarin Duck  (Oshidori)  (nt) (*) (ph)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,nov,dec  HK:jun  KY:jan,feb,nov,dec  OK:nov  
    Aix galericulata   (monotypic)
    
    
    
    
    A Pair of Mandarin Ducks photographed during a FONT tour in Japan
    
    
27. Cotton Pygmy Goose  (Nankinoshi)  (JAr)  ______  (also called Cotton Teal)
    Nettapus c. coromandelianus
    
    
28. Eurasian Wigeon  (incl green-faced form)  (Hidori-gamo)  (*) (ph) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,dec  HI:may  HK:jan,feb,may,jun,nov,dec  KY:jan,feb,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,nov,dec  
    Anas penelope  (monotypic)
    
    
    
    
    A Eurasian Wigeon, photographed during FONT's 
    January/February 2009 Tour in Japan
    (photo by Karl Frafjord)
    
    
29. American Wigeon  (Amerika-hidori)  (JAr) (*) (ph)  ______ FW  HN:jan,feb  HK:dec  KY:feb
    Anas americana  (monotypic)
    
    
30. Falcated Duck  (Yoshi-gamo)  (nt) (*) (ph) ______ SS,FW  HN:jan,feb,may  HK:jan,feb,dec  KY:jan,nov,dec
    Anas falcata  (monotypic)
    
    
    
    
    The Falcated Duck is one of the attractive Asian species of waterfowl
    seen during FONT tours in Japan.
      
    
31. Baikal Teal  (Tomoe-gamo)  (t3) (*) (ph) ______ FW  HN:jan,feb,nov  KY:jan
    Anas formosa  (monotypic)
    
    
    
    
    The now-rare Baikal Teal has been seen during FONT Winter Tours
    in Honshu & Kyushu
    
    
32. Eurasian Teal  (Ko-gamo)  (*) ______ SS,FW  HN:jan,feb,apr,may,nov,dec  HK:jan,feb,nov,dec  KY:jan,feb,nov,dec  AM:jan  OK:jan,feb,nov  
    Anas c. crecca 
    
    The Eurasian Teal was considered conspecific with the Green-winged Teal of North America.
      
    
33. Garganey  (Shimaaji)  (*) ______ SS   HN:apr,may
    Anas querquedula  (monotypic)
    
    
34. Gadwall  (Okayoshi-gamo)  (*) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,dec  HK:jun,dec  KY:jan,feb,dec  AM:jan  OK:jan
    Anas s. strepera
    
    
35. Mallard  (Ma-gamo)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,nov,dec  HI:may  HK:jan,feb,may,jun,nov,dec  KY:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  AM:jan,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb
    Anas p. platyrhynchos
    
    
36. Eastern Spot-billed Duck  (Karu-gamo)  (*) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,nov,dec  HI:apr,may  HK:jan,feb,may,jun  KY:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,jul,nov,dec  OK:may,nov 
    Anas zonorhyncha
    
    
    
    
    Eastern Spot-billed Ducks photographed during the Jan/Feb 2009 FONT Japan Tour
    (photo by Karl Frafjord)
    
    
37. Northern Pintail  (Onaga-gamo)  (*)  ______ SS,FW  HN:jan,feb,apr,may,nov,dec  HK:jan,feb,may,dec  KY:jan,nov,dec  AM:nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may
    Anas acuta  (monotypic)
    
    
    
    
    A Pair of Northern Pintails in flight
    (photo by Howard Eskin)
    
    
38. Northern Shoveler  (Hashibiro-gamo)  (*)  ______ SS,FW  HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,dec  HK:jan,feb,dec  KY:jan,dec  AM:jan,dec  OK:feb,nov
    Anas clypeata  (monotypic)
    
    
39. Philippine Duck  (Akanodo-karugmo)  (JAr)  ______
    Anas luzonica
    
    
40. Red-crested Pochard  (Akahashi-hajiro)  (JAr) (*) ______ FW  HN:feb
    Netta rufina  (monotypic)
    
    
41. Common Pochard  (Hoshi-hajiro)  (*) (ph) ______  SS,FW  HN:jan,feb,apr,may,nov,dec  HK:jan,feb  KY:jan,dec  OK:jan
    Aythya ferina  (monotypic)
    
    
42. Baer's Pochard  (Aka-hajiro)  (t3) (JAr) (*) ______ FW  HN:jan
    Aythya baeri  (monotypic)
    
    
43. Ring-necked Duck  (Kubiwa-kinkuro)  (JAr) (*) (ph) ______ FW  HN:jan
    Aythya collaris  (monotypic)
    
    
44. Tufted Duck  (Kinkuro-hajiro)  (*) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,nov,dec  HK:jan,feb,jun,dec  KY:jan,dec  OK:jan
    Aythya fuligula  (monotypic)
    
    
45. Greater Scaup  (Suzu-gamo)  (*) ______ SS,FW  HN:jan,feb,apr,may,nov  HK:jan,feb,jun,nov,dec  KY:nov,dec
    Aythya marila mariloides
    
    
46. Lesser Scaup  (Ko-suzu-gamo)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
    Aythya affinis  (monotypic)
    
    
47. Redhead  (Amerika-hoshi-hajiro)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
    Aythya americana  (monotypic)
    
    
48. Ferruginous Duck  (Mejiro-gamo)  (nt)  (JAr)  ______
    Aythya nyoca  (monotypic) 
    
    The Ferruginous Duck is also called the White-eyed Pochard. 
    
    
49. Steller's Eider  (Ko-kewata-gamo)   (JAr) (*) (ph)  ______
    Polysticta stelleri  (monotypic)
    
    
50. Harlequin Duck  (Shinori-gamo)  (*) (ph) ______  SS,FW  HN:jan,may,dec  HK:jan,feb,jun,nov,dec
    Histrionicus histrionicus (pacificus)  (now  monotypic, with pacificus merged) (the single member of its genus)
    
    
    
    
    Harlequin Ducks are usually seen in large numbers 
    during late-fall & winter FONT Japan tours in Hokkaido.
    (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
    
51. Long-tailed Duck  (Kori-gamo)  (*) (ph)  ______ FW   HK:jan,feb,nov,dec 
    Clangula hyemalis  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    The Long-tailed Duck was called Oldsquaw in North America. 
    
    
    
    
    The Long-tailed Ducks is yet another attractive species of waterfowl
    seen nicely during late-fall & winter FONT Japan tours in Hokkaido.
    (photo by Kim Steininger) 
    
    
52. Black Scoter  (Kuro-gamo)  (*) ______  SS,FW  HN(p):jan,feb,apr,may  HK:jan,feb,apr,jun,nov,dec
    Melanitta americana
    
    The Black Scoter was considered conspecific with the Common Scoter of Europe, Melanitta nigra.
    
    
53. "Stejneger's" White-winged Scoter  (Birodo-kinkuro)  (*) ______ FW  HK:jan,feb,nov,dec
    Melanitta (deglandi) stejnegeri  
    
    "Stejneger's" White-winged Scoter is considered conspecific with the White-winged Scoter of North America, Melanitta deglandi, and was formerly so with the Velvet Scoter of Europe, Melanitta fusca.
     
    
54. Surf Scoter  (Aranami-kinkuro)  (JAr)  ______
    Melanitta perspicillata
    
    
55. Bufflehead  (Hime-hajiro)  (JAr) (*) (ph)  ______ FW  HK:jan
    Bucephala albeola  (monotypic)
    
    
56. Common Goldeneye  (Hojiro-gamo)  (*)  ______ FW  HN:jan,feb  HK:jan,feb,nov,dec  KY:jan
    Bucephala c. clangula
    
    
57. Smew  (Miko-aisa)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,dec  HK:jan,feb,nov,dec  KY:jan
    Mergellus (formerly Mergus) albellus  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus) 
    
    
58. Red-breasted Merganser  (Umi-aisa)  (*) (ph)  ______  SS,FW  HN:jan,feb,apr,may  HI:may  HK:jan,feb,nov,dec  KY:jan
    Mergus serrator  (monotypic)
    
    
59. Scaly-sided (or Chinese) Merganser  (Korai-aisa)  (t3) (JAp) (*)  ______  FW  HN:jan
    Mergus squamatus  (monotypic)
    
    Regarding the SCALY-SIDED MERGANSER, go to:  RARE BIRDS OF JAPAN
    
    
60. Common Merganser (or Goosander)  (Kawa-aisa)  (*)  ______ SS,FW  HN:jan,feb,may  HK:jan,feb,may,jun,nov,dec
    Mergus m. merganser
    
    
61. Yellow-billed Loon (or White-billed Diver)  (Hashijiro-abi)  (JAr) (*)  ______ FW  HN(po);jan  HK:jan
    Gavia adamsii  (monotypic)
    
    
62. Red-throated Loon (or Red-throated Diver)  (Abi)  (*) (ph)  ______  FW  HK:jan  HK:jan,nov
    Gavia stellata  (monotypic)
    
    
63. Pacific Loon (or Pacific Diver)  (Shiroeri-ohamu)  (*)  ______  SS,FW  HN(p):jan,feb,apr,may,nov,dec  HI:may  HK:jan,feb,jun,nov,dec
    Gavia pacifica  (monotypic)
    
    
    
    
    A Pacific Loon
    
    
64. Arctic Loon (or Black-throated Diver)  (Ohamu)  (*)  ______ FW  HN(p):jan,apr  HK:jan,nov
    Gavia arctica viridigularis
    
    
65. Black-footed Albatross  (Kuroashi-ahodori)  (t3) (*)  ______ SS,FW  HN(po):jan,apr,may.jun,nov
    Phoebastria (formerly Diomedea) nigripes
    
    
66. Laysan Albatross  (Ko-ahodori)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN(po):jan.feb,may,jun,nov,dec
    Phoebastria (formerly Diomedea) immutabilis
    
    
67. Short-tailed (or Steller's) Albatross  (Ahodori)  (t2) (JAeb) (*)  ______  SS,FW  HN(po):jan,apr,may
    Phoebastria (formerly Diomedea) albatrus
    
    Regarding the SHORT-TAILED ALBATROSS, go to:  RARE BIRDS OF JAPAN
    
    
68. Wandering Albatross  (Watori-ahodori)  (JAr) ______
    Diomedea exullans
    
    2 Wandering Albatrosses were captured near the Senkaku Islands in November 1970.  
    
    
69. Northern Fulmar  (Furuma-kamome)  (*) (ph) ______ SS,FW  HN(po):jan,feb,may,jun,nov,dec
    Fulmarus glacialis rodgersii
    
    
70. Bonin Petrel  (Shirohara-mizunagidori)  (*)  ______ FW  HN(po):jan
    Pterodroma hypoleuca
    
    
71. Bulwer's Petrel  (Anadori)  (*)  ______ SS  NS(po):may
    Bulweria bulwerii  (monotypic)
    
    
    
    
    Bulwer's Petrels have been seen from ferries during FONT Tours
    in Southern Japan in the Spring
    
    
72. Streaked Shearwater  (O-mizunagidori)  (JAneb) (*)  ______  SS,FW   HN(po):jan,apr,may,jun.nov,dec  HI:may  KY(po):may,jul  AM(po):may  NS(po):may
    Calonectris leucomelas  (monotypic)
    
    
73. Wedge-tailed Shearwater  ______  
    Puffinus pacificus  
    
    The Wedge-tailed Shearwater breeds in Japan in the Ogasawara & Izo Islands from late March to early October.  
    
    
74. Buller's Shearwater  (Minami-onaga-mizunagidori)  (JAr) (*) ______ SS  HN(po):may,jun
    Puffinus bulleri  (monotypic)  (The scientific name of the Buller's Shearwater may be changed to Ardenna bulleri.)
    
    
75. Bannerman's Shearwater  (Seguro-mizunagidori)  (JAeb)  ______
    Puffinus bannermani
    
    The Bannerman's Shearwater is an endemic breeder on the Ogasawara Islands. It was considered part of the Audubon's Shearwater (That species is now restricted to the Atlantic Ocean.)  
    Other names have been Baillon's Shearwater and Tropical Shearwater.
    
    
76. Flesh-footed Shearwater  (Akaashi-mizunagidori)  (*) ______ SS,FW   HN(po):may,jun,nov  AM(po):may  NS(po):may
    Puffinus carneipes  (monotypic)
    
    
77. Sooty Shearwater  (Haiiro-mizunagidori)  (*) (ph)  ______ SS   HN(p):apr,may,jun  NS(po):may
    Puffinus griseus  (monotypic)
    
    
78. Short-tailed Shearwater  (Hashiboso-mizunagidori)  (*) (ph)  ______ SS,FW   HN(p):jan,apr,may,jun,nov,dec  HK(po):apr  AM(po):may  NS(po):may
    Puffinus tenuirostris  (monotypic)
    
    
    
    
    A Short-tailed Shearwater photographed during a FONT tour
    (photo by Marie Gardner)
    
    
79. Tristram's (or Sooty) Storm Petrel  (O-suton-umitsubame)  (nt) (*)  ______ SS,FW  HN(po):jan,may,dec
    Oceanodroma tristrami  (monotypic)
    
    
80. Swinhoe's Storm Petrel  (Hime-kuro-umitsubame)  (nt) (*)  ______ SS  NS(po):may
    Oceanodroma monorhis  (monotypic)
    
    
81. Fork-tailed (or Grey) Storm Petrel  (Haiiro-umitsubame)  (*) ______ FW  HN(po):jan,feb,nov,dec 
    Oceanodroma f. furcata
    
    
82. Leach's Storm Petrel  (Koshijiro-umitsubame)  ______
    Oceanodroma leucorhoa
    
    
83. Band-rumped Storm Petrel  (Kuro-koshijiro-umitsubame)  ______
    Oceanodroma castro
    
    
84. Matsudaira's Storm Petrel  (Kuro-umitsubame)  ______
    Oceandroma matsudairae 
    
    The Matsudaira's Storm Petrel is a breeder on the Ogasawara and Izo Islands, occurring mostly from mid-January to mid-June.
    
    
85. Wilson's Storm Petrel  (Ashinaga-umitsubame)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
    Oceanites oceanicus
    
    
86. Little Grebe (or "Dabchick")  (Kaitsuburi)  (*) (ph)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,dec  HI:may  HK:jan,may  KY:jan,feb,nov,dec  AM:jan,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb
    Tachybaptus ruficollis poggei
    
    
    
    
    A Little Grebe, at the moat of the Imperial Palace in Tokyo 
    
    
87. Black-necked Grebe (or Eared Grebe) (Hajiro-kaitsuburi)  (*) (ph)  ______ FW   HN:jan,feb  KY:jan
    Podiceps n. nigricollis
    
    
88. Horned Grebe (or Slavonian Grebe) (Mimi-kaitsuburi)  (*) (ph)  ______ FW  HN:jan,feb  HK:jan,feb,dec  KY:feb 
    Podiceps a. auritus
    
    
    
    
    A Horned Grebe in non-breeding plumage
    (photo by Kim Steininger)
    
    
89. Red-necked Grebe  (Akaeri-kaitsuburi)  (*)  ______  SS,FW  HN:jan,apr  HK:jan,nov
    Podiceps grisegena holboellii
    
    
90. Great Crested Grebe  (Kanmuri-kaitsuburi)  (*)  ______ SS,FW  HIHN:jan,feb,apr,may  HI:apr  KY:jan,nov
    Podiceps c. cristatus
    
    
91. Oriental Stork  (Konotori)  (t2) (JAr) (*)  ______ FW  KY:jan,feb
    Ciconia boyciana  (monotypic)
    
    
92. Black Stork  (Habe-ko)  (JAr)  ______
    Ciconia nigra  (monotypic)
    
    
93. Crested Ibis  (Toki)  (t1) (JAr)  ______
    Nipponia nippon  (monotypic)    
    
    Regarding the CRESTED IBIS, go to: RARE BIRDS OF JAPAN
    
    
    
    
    Crested Ibis
    
    
94. Black-headed Ibis  (Kuro-toki)  (nt) (JAr)  ______
    Threskiornis melanocephalus 
    
    
95. Eurasian Spoonbill  (Herasagi)  (JAr) (*) (ph)  ______ FW  KY:jan,feb,dec  AM:jan  OK:feb,nov
    Platalea l. leucorodia
    
    
    
    
    A Eurasian Spoonbill in flight
    
    
96. Black-faced Spoonbill  (Kurotsura-herasagi)  (t1) (JAr) (*) (ph)  ______  FW  HN:jan  KY:jan,feb,dec  AM:dec  OK:jan,feb,nov
    Platalea minor  (monotypic)
    
    Regarding the BLACK-FACED SPOONBILL, go to:   RARE BIRDS OF JAPAN
    
    
    
    
    
    Every year, some Black-faced Spoonbills winter in Japan.
    During our FONT Japan tours in the winter, we've seen 
    this very rare species usually on the southern Japanese islands 
    (Kyushu, Amami, & Okinawa), but in January 2007 we saw it, 
    for the first time, on Honshu. 
    
    
    
    
    
97. Eurasian Bittern  (Sankano-goi)  (*)  ______ FW  HN:jan
    Botaurus s. stellaris
    
    
98. Black-crowned Night Heron  (Goi-sagi)  (*) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,apr,may,jun,jul,dec  HI:apr,may  KY:jan,may,jul,nov,dec  OK:jan,may,nov
    Nycticorax n. nycticorax
    
    
99. Rufous Night Heron  (Hashibuto-goi)  ______  (now extinct in Japan)
    Nycticorax caledonicus manillensis
    
    When it was in Japan, the Rufous Night Heron was only in the Ogasawara Islands. It was first discovered in Japan in 1827, and apparently became extinct there by 1889. The species occurs in the Philippines.
    
    
100. Japanese Night Heron  (Mizo-goi)  (t2)  ______
     Gorsachius goisagi  (monotypic)
     
     
101. Malayan Night Heron  (Zuguro-mizogoi)  ______
     Gorsachius melanolophus  (monotypic)
     
     
102. Eastern Cattle Egret  (Ama-sagi)  (*)  ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,may  HI:may  KY:jan,feb,may,nov,dec  AM:jan,may,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul  NS:may
     Bublucus coromandus   
     
     
103. Little Egret  (Ko-sagi)  (*) (ph)  ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,nov,dec  HI:apr,may  KY:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov
     Egretta g. garzetta
     
     
     
     
     Little Egret
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
104. Chinese (or Swinhoe's) Egret  (Kara-shira-sagi)  (t2) (JAr) (*) _______ SS   HN:may  HI:may
     Egretta  eulophotes  (monotypic)
     
      
105. Intermediate Egret  (Chu-sagi)  (*) ______  SS,FW   HN:apr,may  HI:may  KY:jan,may,jul,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov  NS:may
     Mesophoyx (formerly Egretta) i. intermedia
     
     
106. Great Egret  (Dai-sagi)  (*) (ph)   ______  SS,FW  HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,dec  HI:apr,may  HK:jan,feb,dec  KY:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  AM:jan,may,jul,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov
     Casmerodius (has been Ardea) a. alba
     
     
107. Grey Heron  (Ao-sagi)  (*) (ph)  ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,jul,nov,dec  HI:apr,may  HK:jan,feb,may,jun  KY:jan,feb,may,jul,nov.dec  AM:jan,may,jul,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov
     Ardea cinerea jouyi
     
     
     
     
     Grey Heron
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
108. Purple Heron  (Murasaki-sagi)  (JAr) (*)  ______ SS   HI:may
     Ardea purpurea manilensis
     
     
109. Striated Heron  (Sasa-goi)  (*)  ______  SS,FW   HN:may,jun  HI:may  KY:jan,may,nov  AM:jan,nov  OK:feb,may,nov,
     Butorides striatus amurensis
     
     
110. Pacific (or Eastern) Reef Heron  (Kuro-sagi)  (*)  ______  SS,FW   HN:may  HI:may  KY:feb  AM:jan,may,jul,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul 
     Egretta s. sacra
     
     
111. Chinese Pond Heron  (Akagashira-sagi)  (JAr) (*)  ______  SS   HI:may
     Ardeola bacchus  (monotypic)
     
     
112. Cinnamon (or Chestnut) Bittern  (Ryukyu-yoshi-goi)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   AM:jul  OK:jan,feb,may,nov
     Ixobrychus cinnamomeus  (monotypic)
     
      
113. Yellow (or Chinese Little) Bittern  (Yoshi-goi)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   AM:jul,nov  OK:nov
     Ixobrychus sinensis  (now monotypic)
     
      
114. Schrenck's Bittern  (O-yoshi-goi)  (JAr)  ______
     Ixobrychus eurhythmus  (monotypic)
     
     
115. Black Bittern  (Takasago-kuro-sagi)  (JAr)  ______
     Dupetor flavicollis
     
     
116. Red-tailed Tropicbird  (Akao-nettaicho)  ______
     Phaethon rubricauda melanornynchus
     
     
117. White-tailed Tropicbird  (Shirao-nettaicho) (ph)  ______
     Phaethon lepturus dorotheae
     
     
118. Lesser Frigatebird  (Ko-gunkandori) (JAr)   ______
     Fregata a. ariel
     
     
119. Great White Pelican  (Momo-iro-perikan) (JAr) (ph)  ______
     Pelecanus onocrotalus  (monotypic)
     
     
120. Dalmatian Pelican  (Garancho)  (JAr)  ______
     Pelecanus crispus  (monotypic)
     
     
121. Brown Booby  (Katsuodori)  (*)  ______  SS,FW   KY:jan  AM:nov  NS(po):may
     Sula leucogaster plotus
     
     
122. Masked Booby  (Aotsura-katsuodori)  ______
     Sula dactylatra personata
     
     
123. Red-footed Booby  (Akaashi-katsuodori)  (ph)  ______
     Sula sula rubripes
     
     
124. Great Cormorant  (Kawa-u)  (*)  ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,nov,dec  KY:jan
     Phalacrocorax carbo hanedae (often considered synonymous with P. c. sinensis)
     
     
125. Temminck's (or Japanese) Cormorant  (Umi-u)  (JAneb) (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN(p):jan,feb,apr,may,nov  HI:apr,may  HK:jan,feb,jun,nov,dec  KY:jan,feb,may,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb  NS:jan
     Phalacrocorax capillatus  (monotypic) 
     
     
126. Pelagic Shag (or Cormorant)  (Hime-u)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN(p):jan,feb,apr,may,nov,dec  HI:apr,may  HK:jan,feb,jun,nov,dec  
     Phalacrocorax p. pelagicus
     
     
127. Red-faced Shag (or Cormorant)  (Chishima-ugarasu)  (JAr) (*)  ______ FW   HK:jan
     Phalacrocorax urile  (monotypic)
     
     
128. Osprey  (Misago)  (*) (ph)  ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,apr,may  HI:may  KY:jan,feb,may,dec  AM:jan,feb,may,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul  NS:jan
     Pandion h. haliaetus  (the single member of its genus) 
     
     
129. Oriental Honey Buzzard  (Hachikuma)  (*)  ______ SS   HN:may
     Pernis orientalis  (monotypic)
     
     
130. Black-eared Kite  (Tobi)  (*)  ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun  HI:apr,may  HK:jan,feb,may,jun,nov,dec  KY:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  OK:jan
     Milvus (migrans) lineatus
     
     The Black-eared Kite has been part of the Black Kite of western Eurasia & Africa.
       
     
131. White-tailed Eagle  (Ojiro-washi)  (nt) (*) (ph)  ______ SS,FW  HN:jan  HK:jan,feb,jun,nov,dec
     Haliaeetus a. albicilla 
     
     Another name for the White-tailed Eagle has been the White-tailed Sea Eagle.
     
     
     
     
     White-tailed Eagles have been seen during FONT tours 
     in Honshu in the winter, and in Hokkaido in the winter & spring.
     The upper photo here is an adult bird. The lower photo, of an immature,
     was taken during the FONT Japan tour in January/February 2009. 
     (photo below by Karl Frafjord)
     
     
      
     
132. Steller's Sea Eagle  (O-washi)  (t3) (*) (ph)  ______ FW   HN:jan  HK:jan,feb,nov,dec  
     Haliaeetus p. pelagicus 
     
     The Steller's Sea Eagle has also been called Steller's Fish Eagle.
     A morph, at one time called H. p. niger, all-black except for a white tail, in Korea & adjacent Siberia, may now be extinct.  
     
     Regarding the STELLER'S SEA EAGLE, go to:  RARE BIRDS OF JAPAN   
     
     
     
     
     
     The presence of the Steller's Sea Eagle is a wonderful aspect of the Hokkaido winter.
     During that season, the species occurs there in large numbers, having come from its
     breeding grounds in Siberia. 
     
     The Steller's Sea-Eagle is only in Japan in the winter, Nearly all of them winter in Hokkaido, 
     but we have seen the species rarely during that season in Honshu by Lake Biwa.  
     (Both of these photos were taken during FONT winter tours in Japan.)
     
     
     
     
     
     
133. Hen Harrier  (Haiiro-chuhi)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan  HI:may  HK:jan,nov  KY:jan
     Circus cyaneus  (now said to be monotypic)
     
     
134. Northern Harrier  (JAr) (ph)  ______
     Circus hudsonius  (now said to be monotypic)
     
     The Northern Harrier, of North America, has been considered conspecific with the Hen Harrier of Eurasia.     
     
     
135. Eastern Marsh Harrier  (Chuhi)  (*)  ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,apr,may  HI:may  (has been considered by some as conspecific with the Western Marsh Harrier of Europe, and was then called Northern Marsh Harrier)
     Circus spilonotus  (monotypic)
     
     
136. Pied Harrier  (Madara-chuchi)  (JAr)  ______
     Circus melanoleucos  (monotypic)
     
     The Pied Harrier has bred rarely in Japan. Normally it breeds in northeast mainland Russia.  
     
     
137. Northern Goshawk  (O-taka)  (*)  ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr  HK;jan,dec  OK:jan
     Accipiter gentilis fujiyamae
     Accipiter gentilis albidus:  a very pale, mainly white race of eastern Siberia has occurred as a vagrant in northern Japan.
     
     
138. Eurasian Sparrowhawk  (Hai-taka)  (*) (ph)  ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,may,nov,dec  HI:may  HK:jan,jun,nov  KY:jan,feb,dec  AM:jan  OK:jan
     Accipiter nisus nisosimilis
     
     
139. Japanese Sparrowhawk  (Tsumi)  (*)  ______  SS,FW   HI:may  KY:may  AM:jan,feb,may,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,nov
     Accipiter gularis iwasakii:  on the islands of Amami & Okinawa
     Sccipiter g. gularis:  on the main Japanese islands of Honshu & Kyushu
     
     
140. Chinese Sparrowhawk  (Akahara-daka)  ______
     Accipiter soloensis  (monotypic)
     
     The Chinese Goshawk occurs as a migrant in Kyushu & Nansei Shoto in May & Sep/Oct.  
     
     
141. Eastern Buzzard  (Nosuri)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun  HI:may  HK:jan,feb,may,jun,nov,dec  KY:jan,dec
     Buteo j. japonicus:  in most of Japan
     Buteo japonicus toyoshimai: endemic subspecies in the Ogasawara Islands     
     
     The Eastern Buzzard has been part of the Common Buzzard, Buteo buteo.
     
     
142. Rough-legged Buzzard  (Kaeshi-nosuri)  (*) (ph)  ______  SS,FW   HN:jan  HK:jan,feb,nov,dec 
     Buteo lagopus menzbieri
     Buteo lapopus kamatschatensis
     
     The Rough-legged Buzzard is called the Rough-legged Hawk in the New World.
     
     
143. Upland Buzzard  (O-nosuri)  (JAr)  ______
     Buteo hemilasius  (monotypic)
     
     
144. Grey-faced Buzzard  (Sashiba)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HI:may  AM:jan,feb,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,nov
     Butastur indicus  (monotypic)
     
     
145. Greater Spotted Eagle  (Karafuto-washi)  (JAr) (*)  ______ FW  KY:jan
     Aquila clanga  (monotypic)
     
     
146. Golden Eagle  ______
     Aquila chrysaetos japonica
     
     
147. Imperial Eagle  (Katashiro-washi)  (JAr)  ______
     Aquila heliaca
     
     
148. Mountain Hawk-Eagle  (Kuma-taka)  (*) ______ FW   HN:jan  HK:dec  KY:jan,feb,dec
     Spizaetus nipalensis orientalis  (this subspecies of Japan rather distinct from populations on mainland Asia)
     
     
149. Ryukyu Serpent Eagle  (Kanmuri-washi)  ______
     Spilornis perplexus
     
     The Ryukyu Serpent Eagle was part of the Crested Serpent Eagle.
     
     
150. Eurasian Kestrel  (Chogenbo)  (*)  ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,may,dec  HI:may  HK:jan  KY:jan,feb,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,jul,nov
     Falco tinnunculus interstinctus
     
     
151. Lesser Kestrel  (Hime-chogenbo)  (JAr)  ______
     Falco naumanni
     
     
152. Merlin  (Ko-chogenbo)  (*) (ph)  ______  FW  HN:feb  HK:jan  KY:jan
     Falco columbarius pacificus
     
     
153. Northern Hobby  (Chigo-hayabusa)  (*) ______ SS, FW   HN:jan,may  HI:may  KY:jan,jul  AM:jan
     Falco s. subbuteo
     
     
154. Amur Falcon  (Akaashi-chogenbo)  (JAr) (*)  ______  SS   HI:may
     Falco amurensis
     
     
155. Peregrine Falcon  (Hayabusa)  (*) (ph)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,may,dec  HI:may  HK:feb  KY:jan,feb,nov  AM:jan,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,nov
     Falco peregrinus japonensis
     
     
156. Gyrfalcon  (Shiro-hayabusa)  (*) ______ FW   HN(po):jan  HK:jan,feb
     Falco rusticolus  (monotypic, but with a variation in color)
     
     
157. Swinhoe's (or Asian Yellow) Rail  (Shima-kuina)  (*)  ______ FW   AM:dec
     Coturnicops exquisitus  (monotypic)  
     
     
158. Eastern Water Rail  (Kuina)  (*)  ______ FW  KY:jan
     Rallus indicus
     
     The Eastern Water Rail was considered a race of the Water Rail, Rallus aquaticus.
     
     
159. Slaty-legged Crake  (O-kuina)  ______
     Rallina eurizonoides sepiaria
     
     The Slaty-legged Crake has also been called the Banded Crake.
     
     
160. Okinawa Rail  (Yambaru-kuina)  (t2) (JAe) (*) (ph)  ______  SS,FW   OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov
     Gallirallus okinawae  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     
     An Okinawa Rail photographed during a FONT tour.
     The species is endemic to northern Okinawa.  
     
     
161. Ruddy-breasted Crake  (Hi-kuina)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan  HI:may  KY:jan,nov  AM:jul  OK:jan,may
     Porzana fusca erythrothorax
     
     
162. Baillon's Crake  (Hime-kuina)  (*)  ______ FW   AM:jan,nov  OK:jan
     Porzana p. pusilla
     
     
163. White-breasted Waterhen  (Shirohara-kuina)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   AM:jan  OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov
     Amaurornis p. phoenicurus
     
     
164. Common Moorhen  (Ban)  (*) (ph)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,dec  HI:may  KY:jan,feb,may,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov
     Gallinula chloropus indica
     
     
165. Watercock  (Tsuru-kuina)  (*)   ______  SP   AM:jul
     Gallicrex cinerea  (monotypic)
     
     
166. Eurasian Coot  (O-ban)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun  HI:may  HK:jan  KY:jan,feb,dec  AM:jan,nov
     Fulica a. atra|
     
     
167. Common Crane  (Kuro-zuru)  (JAr) (*) (ph)  ______ FW   KY:jan,feb,nov,dec
     Grus grus lilfordi
     
     
168. Hooded Crane  (Nabe-zuru)  (t3) (*) (ph)  ______ FW   KY:jan,feb,nov,dec
     Grus monachus  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     
     Hooded Cranes (front left & right), & a Sandhill Crane (front center)
     with White-naped Cranes in the background.
     Photographed during a FONT Winter Tour in Kyushu, Japan.
      
     
169. Sandhill Crane  (Kanada-zuru)  (JAr) (*) (ph)  ______ FW   KY:jan,feb,nov,dec
     Grus c. canadensis
     
     
170. White-naped Crane  (Mana-zuru)  (t3) (*) (ph)  ______ FW   KY:jan,feb,nov,dec
     Grus vipio  (monotypic)
     
     Historically, the White-naped Crane bred in Hokkaido.
     
     
     
     
     White-naped Cranes photographed during a FONT tour in Kyushu 
     
     
171. Red-crowned (or Japanese) Crane  (Tancho)  (t2) (*) (ph)  ______  SS,FW   HK:jan,feb,jun,nov,dec  KY:feb  
     Grus japonensis  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     
     
     
     Two photos above of Red-crowned Cranes,
     taken during FONT Winter Tours in Hokkaido
     
     
172. Siberian Crane   (Sodeguro-zuru)  (t1) (JAr) (*) (ph)  ______ FW   KY:jan,feb
     Grus leucogeranus
     
     Regarding the SIBERIAN CRANE, go to:  RARE BIRDS OF JAPAN
     
     
     
     
     
     
     Two photos of Siberian Cranes taken during FONT Japan Winter Tours in Kyushu,
     the upper photo in 2000; the lower photo in 2004
       
     
173. Demoiselle Crane  (Aneha-zuru)  (JAr) (*) (ph)  ______ FW   KY:jan,feb
     Grus (formerly Anthropoides) virgo  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     
     A Demoiselle Crane, with Hooded Cranes, in Kyushu 
     during a FONT Winter Tour in Japan in 2000
     (photo by Trevor Ford)
     
     
174. Pheasant-tailed Jacana  (Renkaku)  (JAr) (*)  ______ FW   OK:nov
     Hydrophasianus chirurgus  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
175. Greater Painted Snipe  (Tama-shigi)  (*)  ______  SS,FW   KY:jan  OK:jan,feb,may
     Rostratula b. benghalensis  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
176. Eurasian Oystercatcher  (Miyakodori)  (JAr) (*)  ______  SS,FW  HN:apr  KY:jan
     Haematopus ostralegus osculans
     
     
177. Black-winged Stilt  (Seitaka-shigi)  (*) (ph)  ______ SS,FW  HN:jan,apr,may,dec  KY:jan  AM:jul  OK:may 
     Himantopus h. himantopus 
     
     
     
     
     Black-winged Stilts photographed during a FONT tour in Japan
     (photo by Paul West)
     
     
178. Pied Avocet  (Sorihashi-seitaka-shigi)  (JAr) (*)  ______ FW   KY:jan  OK:jan
     Recurvirostra avosetta  (monotypic)
     
     
179. Oriental Pratincole  (Tsubame-chidori)  (*)  ______ SS   AM:may
     Glareola maldivarum  (monotypic)
     
     
180. Long-billed Plover  (Ikaru-chidori)  (nt) (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,may,jun  KY:jan,nov  AM:jan
     Charadrius placidus japonicus
     
     
181. Little Ringed Plover  (Ko-chidori)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun  HI:apr  KY:jan,nov,dec  AM:jan,may,jul,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,nov
     Charadrius dubius curonicus
     
     
182. Common Ringed Plover  (Hajiro-ko-chidori)  (JArw) (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,may,dec  HI:may  HK:may  KY:jan  AM:dec
     Charadrius hiaticula tundrae
     
     
183. Kentish Plover  (Shiro-chidori)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,dec  KY:jan,feb,nov,dec  AM:jan,may,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb
     Charadrius alexandrinus dealbatus 
     
     The Kentish Plover was considered conspecific with the Snowy Plover of North America & South America. 
     
     
184. Lesser Sand Plover  (Medai-chidori)  (*) (ph)  ______  SS,FW   HN:apr,may  HI:may  AM:jan,may,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb  
     Charadrius mongolus stegmanni  
     
     The Lesser Sand Plover has been called the Mongolian Plover.
     
     
     
     
     Lesser Sand Plover
     
     
185. Greater Sand Plover  (O-medai-chidori)  (JAr) (*)   ______ SS,FW   AM:jan,may
     Charadrius l. leschenaultii
     
     
186. Eurasian Dotterel  (Kobashi-chidorui)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
     Charadrius morinellus  (monotypic)
     
     
187. Oriental Plover  (O-chidori)  (JAr)  ______
     Charadrius veredus  (monotypic)
     
     
188. Caspian Plover  (JAr)  ______
     Charadrius asiaticus 
     
     The Caspian Plover was considered conspecific with the Oriental Plover. 
     
     
189. Pacific Golden Plover  (Munaguro)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,apr,may  HI:may  HK:jun   KY:jan  AM:jan,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,nov
     Pluvialis fulva  (monotypic)
     
     
190. American Golden Plover  (Amerika-munaguro)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
     Pluvialis dominica  (monotypic)
     
     
191. Grey (or Black-bellied) Plover  (Daizen)  (*) (ph)  ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,apr,may,dec  KY:jan,feb,dec  AM:jan,may,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may
     Pluvialis s. squatarola
     
     
192. Grey-headed Lapwing  (Keri)  (nt) (*)  ______  SS,FW  HN:jan,feb,may,jun,nov  KY:dec  OK:feb
     Vanellus cinereus  (monotypic)
     
     
193. Northern Lapwing  (Tageri)  (*) (ph)  ______  FW  HN:jan,feb  KY:jan,feb,nov,dec  AM:jan  OK:jan
     Vanellus vanellus  (monotypic)
     
     
194. Great Knot  (Oba-shigi)  (*)  ______ SS   HN:apr,may
     Calidris tenuirostris  (monotypic)
     
     
195. Red Knot  (Ko-oba-shigi)  (JAr) (*) (ph)  ______ SS  HN:may  HI:may  AM:may
     Calidris canutus rogersi
     
     
196. Temminck's Stint  (Ojiro-tonen)  (*)  ______ FW   KY:jan,nov,dec  OK:feb
     Calidris temminckii  (monotypic)
     
     
197. Red-necked Stint  (Tonen)  (JArw) (*) (ph)  ______  SS,FW   HN:apr,may,dec  HI:may  KY:jan  AM:jan,may,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb   
     Calidris ruficollis  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     
     A Red-necked Stint in Japan
     in non-breeding plumage
     
     
198. Little Stint  (Yoroppa-tonen)  (JAr) (*)  ______  SS   AM:may 
     Calidris minuta  (monotypic)
     
     
199. Long-toed Stint  (Hibari-shigi)  (*) (ph)  ______ FW   HI:may  OK:jan,feb  
     Calidris subminuta  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     
     A Long-toed Stint in the spring
     
     
200. Sanderling  (Miyubi-shigi)  (*) (ph)  ______ SS,FW  HN(p):jan,apr,may,dec  HI:may  KY:jan,nov  AM:jan,may,nov
     Calidris alba rubida
     
     
201. Sharp-tailed Sandpiper  (Uzura-shigi)  (*) (ph)  ______ SS  HN:may  AM:may  
     Calidris acuminata  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     
     A Sharp-tailed Sandpiper in Japan.
     This species has been seen during FONT Japan Tours in the Spring.
     
     
202. Curlew Sandpiper  (Saruhama-shigi)  (*) (ph)  ______ SS  HN:may  AM:may
     Calidris ferruginea  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     
     Curlew Sandpiper
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
203. Dunlin  (Hama-shigi)  (*) (ph)  ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,apr,may,dec  HK:jan,feb  KY:jan,feb,nov,dec  AM:jan,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb 
     Calidris alpina sakhalina  (other subspecies also occur in Japan: C. a. arcticola from Alaska, and C. a. kistchinskii & C. a. actites, both of these from further north in east Asia)  
     
     
204. Pectoral Sandpiper  (Amerika-uzura-shigi)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
     Calidris melanotos
     
     
205. Rock Sandpiper  (Chishima-shigi)  (JAr)  ______
     Calidris ptilocnemis
     
     
206. Western Sandpiper  (Hime-hama-shigi)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
     Calidris mauri
     
     
207. Least Sandpiper  (Amerika-hibari-shigi)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
     Calidris minutilla
     
     
208. Baird's Sandpiper  (Hime-uzura-shigi)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
     Calidris bairdii
     
     
209. Stilt Sandpiper  (Ashinage-shigi)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
     Calidris (formerly Micropalama) himantopus 
     
     
210. Spoon-billed Sandpiper  (Hera-shigi)  (t3) (JAr)  ______
     Eurynorhynchus pygmeus  (monotypic)
     
     
211. Broad-billed Sandpiper  (Kirai)  (*)   ______ SP   HN:may
     Limicola falcinellus sibirica  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
212. Ruddy Turnstone  (Kyojo-shigi)  (*) (ph)  ______ SS,FW   HN:apr,may  HI:may  AM:jan,may,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may  NS:may
     Arenaria i. interpres 
     
     
213. Ruff / Reeve  (Erimaki-shigi)  (*) (ph)  ______ FW   KY:jan  OK:jan,nov
     Philomachus pugnax  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
     
     
214. Buff-breasted Sandpiper  (Komon-shigi)  (nt) (JAr)  ______
     Tryngites subruficollis  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
     
     
215. Eurasian Woodcock  (Yama-shigi)  (*)  ______ FW  HN:jan  AM:dec  OK:jan,nov
     Scolopax rusticola  (monotypic)
     
     
216. Amami Woodcock  (Amami-yama-shigi)  (t3) (JAe) (*) (ph)  ______  FW   AM:jan,feb,jul,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,nov
     Scolopax mira  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     
     An Amami Woodcock, as seen during numerous FONT tours on the island of Amami.
     The species has also been seen, though less often, during FONT tours in Okinawa. 
      
     
217. Latham's (or Japanese) Snipe  (Oji-shigi)  (nt) (JAneb) (*)  ______  SS  HI:may  HK:jun
     Gallinago hardwickii  (monotypic)
     
     
218. Common Snipe  (Ta-shigi)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,apr,may  HI:apr,may  KY:jan,nov  AM:jan,may  OK:jan,feb,nov 
     Gallinago g. gallinago
     
     The Common Snipe has been conspecific with the Wilson's Snipe of North America, Gallinago delicata.  
     
     
219. Solitary Snipe  (Ao-shigi)  (*)   ______ FW   HN:jan
     Gallinago solitaria japonica
     
      
220. Pin-tailed Snipe  (JAr) (*)  (Hario-shigi)  (JAr) (*)  ______ FW OK:jan,feb,nov
     Gallinago stenura  (monotypic)
     
     
221. Swinhoe's Snipe  (JAr) (*)  (Chuji-shigi)  (JAr) (*)  ______ FW OK:jan,feb,nov
     Gallinago megola  (monotypic)
     
     
222. Jack Snipe  (Ko-shigi)  (JAr) (*)  ______ SS HI:apr
     Lymnocryptes minimus  (monotypic, with nipponensis merged) (the single member of its genus) 
     
     
223. Long-billed Dowitcher  (Ohasi-shigi)  (JAr)  ______
     Limnodromus scolopaceus
     
     
224. Asian Dowitcher  (Shiberia-ohasi-shigi)  (nt) (JAr)  ______
     Limnodromus semipalmatus
     
     
225. Spotted Redshank  (Tsuru-shigi)  (JArw) (*)  ______ FW   HN:may  OK:jan
     Tringa erythropus  (monotypic)
     
     
226. Common Redshank  (Akaashi-shigi)  (JAr) (*) (ph)  ______ SP,FW   HN:may  AM:may  OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov
     Tringa totanus eurhinus  
     
     
227. Common Greenshank  (Aoashi-shigi)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,apr,may  HI:may  KY:jan,nov  AM:jan,may,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov
     Tringa nebularia  (monotypic)
     
     
228. Nordmann's Greenshank  (Karafuto-aoashi-shigi)  (t2) (JAr)  ______  (another name is Spotted Greenshank)
     Tringa guttifer
     
     
229. Marsh Sandpiper  (Ko-aoasi-shigi)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   AM:may  OK:jan,may,nov 
     Tringa stagnatilis  (monotypic)
     
     
230. Green Sandpiper  (Kusa-shigi)  (*)  ______  SS,FW   HN:apr,may  HI:apr,may  KY:jan,nov,dec  AM:jan,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,nov 
     Tringa ochropus  (monotypic)
     
     
231. Wood Sandpiper  (Takabu-shigi)  (*) (ph)  ______  SS,FW   HI:may  KY:may  AM:jul  OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov
     Tringa glareola  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     
     Wood Sandpiper
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
232. Greater Yellowlegs  (O-kiashi-shigi)  (JAr)  ______
     Tringa melanoleuca
     
     
233. Lesser Yellowlegs  (Ko-kiashi-shigi)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
     Tringa flavipes
     
     
234. Terek Sandpiper  (Sorihashi-shigi)  (*)  ______  SS   HN:may  HI:may  HK:jun  AM:may  OK:may,jul
     Xenus cinereus  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
     
     
235. Grey-tailed (or Polynesian) Tattler  (Kiashi-shigi)  (*)  ______  SS,FW   HN:may  HI:may  HK:jun  KY:may  AM:jan,may,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov  NS:jan,may  
     Heteroscelus brevipes  (monotypic)
     
     
236. Wandering Tattler  (Meriken-kiashi-shigi)  (JAr)  ______
     Heteroscelus incanus
     
     
237. Common Sandpiper  (Iso-shigi)  (*)  ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,dec  HI:apr,may  KY:jan,feb,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,may,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may  NS:may
     Actitis hypoleucos  (monotypic)
     
     
238. Eastern Black-tailed Godwit  (Oguro-shigi)  (*)  ______ SS  HI:may  OK:may
     Limosa melanuroides
     
     
239. Bar-tailed Godwit  (O-sorihashi-shigi)  (*) (ph)  ______  SS,FW  HN:apr,may  AM:may  OK:jan,feb,may  
     Limosa lapponica baueri 
     
     
      
     
     Bar-tailed Godwits photographed during a FONT tour
     (photo by Paul West)
     
      
240. Eurasian Curlew  (Daishaku-shigi)  (*)  ______  SS,FW  HN:may,dec  KY:jan  AM:jan  OK:jan,feb
     Numenius arquata orientalis
     
     
241. Eastern Curlew  (Horoku-shigi)  (nt) (*)  ______ SS,FW  HN:apr,may  OK:jan,feb
     Numenius madagascariensis  (monotypic)
     
     The Eastern Curlew has been called the Far Eastern Curlew.
       
     
242. "Eurasian" Whimbrel  (Chushaku-shigi)  (*) (ph)  ______ SS,FW   HN:apr,may  HI:may  AM:may  OK:jan,may,jul,nov  
     Numenius phaeopus variegatus
     
     
243. Little Curlew  (Koshaku-shigi)  (JAr)  ______
     Numenius minutus
     
     
244. Bristle-thighed Curlew  (Harimomo-chushaku)  (nt) (JAr)  ______
     Numenius tahitiensis  
     
     
245. Red-necked Phalarope  (Haiiro-hireashi-shigi)  (*) (ph)  ______ SS,FW   HN(p):jan.may,jun,nov  HI:may
     Phalaropus lobatus  (monotypic)
     
     
246. Red (or Grey) Phalarope  (Haiiro-hireashi-shigi)  (*) (ph)  ______  SS   HN(po):apr,may,jun
     Phalaropus fulicarius  (monotypic)
     
     
247. Parasitic Jaeger (or Arctic Skua)  (Kuro-tozokukamome)  (*) (ph)  ______  SS   HN(po):apr
     Stercorarius parasiticus  (monotypic)
     
     
248. Pomarine Skua (or Pomarine Jaeger)  (Tozokukamome)  (*) (ph)  ______  FW   HN(po):jan,apr,nov,dec
     Stercorarius pomarinus  (monotypic)
     
     
249. Long-tailed Skua  (or Long-tailed Jaeger)  (Shirohara-tozokukamome)  (ph)  ______
     Stercorarius longicaudus
     
     
250. South Polar Skua  (O-tozokukamo)  (*) (ph)  ______ SS  HN(po):jun 
     Catharacta (or Stercorarius) maccormicki  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     
     The South Polar Skua is among the 
     many pelagic species seen during our 
     spring tours, when we're on the ferry
     offshore from northern Honshu.
     
     
251. Pallas's (or Great Black-headed) Gull  (*)  (O-zuguro-kamone) ______ FW   KY:jan
     Ichthyaetus (formerly Larus) ichthyaetus  (monotypic)
     
     
252. Saunder's Gull  (t3) (*)  (Zuguro-kamome) ______ FW   KY:jan,feb  AM:jan,nov  OK:jan,feb,nov
     Saundersilarus (formerly Larus) saundersi  (monotypic)
     
     
253. Relict Gull  (Gobi-zukin-kamome)  (t3) (JAr)  ______
     Ichthyaetus relictus  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus) 
     
     
254. Black-headed Gull  (*) (ph)  (Yuri-kamome) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,nov,dec  HI:may  HKjan,feb,nov,dec  KY:jan,feb,dec  AM:nov  OK:jan,feb
     Chroicocephalus (formerly Larus) ridibundus  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     
     
     
     Black-headed Gulls are seen during FONT Japan Tours
     in the winter (above), and in the spring (below).
     (photos by Armas Hill)
      
     
255. Brown-hooded Gull  (JAr)  ______
     Chroicocephalus (formerly Larus) brunnicephalus  (monotypic)
     
     
256. Bonaparte's Gull  (Bonaparuto-kamone)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
     Chroicocephalus (formerly Larus) philadelphia
     
     
257. Franklin's Gull  (Amerika-zuguro-kamome)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
     Leucophaesus (formerly Larus) pipixcam  
     
     
258. Black-tailed (or Japanese) Gull  (JAneb) (*) (ph)  (Umineko) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,jul,nov,dec  HI:apr,may KY:jan,feb,dec  AM:jan,feb  OK:jan,feb  NS:jan   
     Larus crassirostris  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     
     Black-tailed Gull
     (photo by James Scheib)
     
     
259. "Kamchatka Gull"  (*)  (Kamome) ______ SS,FW   HN(p):jan,feb,apr,dec  HK:jan,feb,nov,dec  KY:jan,feb
     Larus canus kamtschatschensis
     
     The "Kamchatka Gull" is part of the Common Gull of Eurasia, that's called the Mew Gull in North America.  
     
     
260. Vega Gull  (*) (ph)  (Seguro-kamome) _______ SS,FW   HN(p):jan,feb,apr,may,jun,nov,dec  HI:apr,may  HK(p):jan,feb,nov,dec  KY:jan,feb,nov,dec  AM:jan  
     Larus (argentatus) vegae
     
     The Vega Gull is considered by some distinct from the Herring Gull of Europe, Larus argentatus, and the American Herring Gull, Larus a. smithsonianus.  
     
     
     
     
     
     
     Upper photo: a first-year Vega Gull
     Lower photo: an adult Vega Gull (left) & an adult Slaty-backed Gull (right)
     
     
261. "Heuglin's" Gull  (*)  ______ FW   KY:feb,dec
     Larus heuglini
     
     The "Heuglin's" Gull has been part of the Herring Gull, Larus argentatus, and by some considered part of the Lesser Black-backed Gull.
     
     
262. "Mongolian" Gull  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:apr  KY:jan,feb,nov,dec  
     Larus mongolicus
     
     The "Mongolian" Gull has been part of the "Caspian" or "Pontic" Gull, of the Yellow-legged Gull, Larus cachinnans.
     
     
263. Thayer's Gull  (*)  (Kanada-kamome) ______ FW   HN:feb  HK:nov
     Larus thayeri  (monotypic)
     
     The Thayer's Gull is a somewhat controversial species that has been considered as a race of the "American" Herring Gull, or the Iceland Gull with which it hybridizes.   
     
     
264. Slaty-backed Gull  (*) (ph)  (O-seguro-kamome) ______ SS,FW   HN(po):jan,feb,apr,may,jun,nov,dec  HI:may  HK(p):Jan,feb,jun,nov,dec   KY:jan,feb,dec   
     Larus schistisagus  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     
     A first-year Slaty-backed Gull
     
     
265. Glaucous-winged Gull  (*)  (Washi-kamome) ______ SS,FW   HN(p):jan,feb,may,nov,dec  HI:may  HK:jan,feb,nov
     Larus glaucescens  (monotypic)
     
     
266. Glaucous Gull  (Shiro-kamome)  (*) (ph) ______ SS,FW   HN(p):jan,feb,apr,may,jun,dec  HK(p):jan,feb,apr,jun,nov,dec  KY:jan
     Larus hyperboreus pallidissimus
     Larus hyperboreus barrovianus:  a smaller subspecies of North America that occurs rarely in Japan in the winter.
     
     
267. Iceland Gull  (JAr) (*) (ph)  (Aisurando-kamome) ______ FW   HK:jan
     Larus glaucoides kumlieni
     
     
268. California Gull  (JAr) (ph)  ______
     Larus californicus  (subspecies of this vagrant in Japan is uncertain)
     
     
269. Ring-billed Gull  (JAr)  ______
     Larus delawarensis  
     
     
270. Little Gull  (Hime-kamome)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
     Hydrocoloeus  (formerly Larus) minutus
     
     
271. Sabine's Gull  (Kubiwa-kamome)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
     Xema sabini  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
     
     
272. Ross' Gull (JAr) (*) (ph)  (Hime-kubiwa-kamone) ______ FW  HN:dec
     Hydrocoloeus (formerly Rhodostethia) rosea  (monotypic) 
     
     
     
     
     This 1st-winter Ross's Gull, a rarity on Honshu,
     was seen in Tokyo during one of our Japan winter tours.    
     
     
273. Ivory Gull  (Zoge-kamome) (JAr) (ph)  ______
     Pagophila eburnea  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus) 
     
     
274. Black-legged Kittiwake  (*) (ph)  (Mitsuyubi-kamome) ______ SS,FW   HN(p):jan,feb,apr,nov,dec  HK:jan,jun,nov
     Rissa tridactyla  (now monotypic, with pollicaris merged)
     
     
275. Red-legged Kittiwake  (Akaashi-mitsuyubi-kamome)  (t3) (JAr) (ph)  ______
     Rissa brevirostris
     
     
276. Gull-billed Tern  (*)  (Hashibuto-ajisashi) ______ FW  OK:nov
     Gelochelidon (formerly Sterna) n. nilotica
     
     
277. Roseate Tern  (nt) (*) (ph)   (Beni-ajisashi) ______ SS  AM:may,jul  OK:may
     Sterna dougallii bangsi
     
     
278. Black-naped Tern  (*)  (Eriguro-ajisashi) ______ SS  OK:may,jul
     Sterna s. sumatrana
     
     
279. Common Tern  (*)  (Ajisashi) ______ SS   HN:may  HK:jun KY:may
     Sterna hirundo longipennis
     
     
280. Arctic Tern  (Kyoku-ajisashi)  (JAr)  ______
     Sterna paradisaea
     
     The Arctic Tern is a common nester on the Kamchatka Peninsula north of Japan. Most leave there in migration going on to the eastern Pacific, where it is fairly common in the late summer. It is rare in the western Pacific south of the Kamchatka Peninsula. 
     The Arctic Tern has occurred as a vagrant in Japan, mostly in July & August.
     
     
281. Aleutian Tern  (Koshijiro-ajisashi)  (JAr)  ______
     Onychoprion (formerly Sterna) aleuticus
     
     
282. Grey-backed (or Spectacled) Tern  (Nanyo-mamijiro-ajisashi)  (JAr)  ______
     Onychoprion (formerly Sterna) lunatus
     
     
283. Bridled Tern  (Mamijiro-ajisashi)  (ph) ______
     Onychoprion anaethetus
     
     
284. Sooty Tern  (Seguro-ajisashi)  (ph)  ______
     Onychoprion fuscatus
     
     
285. Little Tern  (*)  (Ko-ajisashi) ______ SS  HN:apr,may,jun  AM:may  OK:may,jul  NS:may
     Sternula (formerly Sterna) albifrons sinensis
     
     The Little Tern is closely related to the Least Tern of North America.
     
     
286. Greater Crested Tern  (O-ajisashi)  ______
     Thalasseus bergii
     
     
287. Lesser Crested Tern  (JAr)  ______
     Thalasseus bengalensis
     
     
288. Caspian Tern  (O-ajisashi)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
     Hydroprogne (formerly Sterna) caspia 
     
     
289. Whiskered Tern  (*)  (Kurohara-ajisashi) ______ SP,FW   KY:may  AM(po):may  OK:jan,nov
     Chlidonias hybridus javanica
     
     
290. White-winged Tern  (Hajiro-kurohara-ajisashi)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
     Chlidonias leucopterus
     
     
291. Black Tern  (Hasiguro-kurohara-ajisashi)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
     Chlidonias n. niger 
     
     
292. Brown Noddy  (Hime-kuro-ajisashi)  ______
     Anous stolidus
     
     
293. Black Noddy  (Hime-kuro-ajisashi)  (JAr) ______
     Anous minutus
     
     
294. Blue Noddy  (Hairo-ajisashi)  (JAr)  ______  (has been called Grey, or Blue-grey, Noddy)
     Procelsterna cerulea
     
     
295. White Tern  (Shiro-ajisashi)  ______  (has been called Fairy Tern)
     Gygus alba 
     
     
296. Common Murre (or Guillemot) (*) (ph)  (Umigarasu) ______ SS,FW   HN(po):jan,feb,apr,may,dec  HK(p):jan,feb,apr,may
     Uria aalge inornata
     
     
     
     
     Common Murre - sometimes during FONT winter tours
     many murres are seen from the ferry between Honshu & Hokkaido  
     (photo by Kim Steininger)
     
     
297. Thick-billed Murre (or Brunnich's Guillemot) (*) (ph)   (Hashibuto-umigarasu) ______ FW   HN(po):jan  HK(p):jan,feb
     Uria lomvia arra
     
     
     
     
     Thick-billed Murre - another species seen during FONT winter tours
     between Honshu & Hokkaido, and offshore from Hokkaido  
     (photo by Alan Brady)  
     
     
298. Spectacled Guillemot  (*)  (Keimafuri) ______ SS,FW   HN(po):jan  HK:jan,feb,jun,nov   
     Cepphus carbo  (monotypic)
     
     
299. Pigeon Guillemot  (*)  (Umibato) ______ FW   HN(po):jan,dec  HK:jan
     Cepphus columba snowi
     
     
300. Long-billed Murrelet  (*)  (Madara-umisuzume) ______ FW   HN(po):jan  HK:feb
     Brachyramphus perdix  (monotypic)
     
     
301. Ancient Murrelet  (*)   (Umisuzume) ______ SS,FW   HN(p):jan,feb,apr,may,dec  HI:may  HK(p):jan,feb,apr,nov  KY:feb  
     Synthliboramphus a. antiquus  (the other subspecies, S. a, microrhynchos, at Commander Is. in northeast Asia) 
     
     The Japanese word "umisuzume" translates to "sea sparrow".
     
     
302. Japanese Murrelet (t3) (JAe) (*) (ph)  (Kanmuri-umisuzume) ______ SS,FW  HN(p):apr,may,dec  KY:feb
     Synthliboramphus wumizusume  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     
     Japanese Murrelet
     This threatened species has been seen during the ferry trips to & from Hegura Island,
     in the Sea of Japan off the west coast of Honshu, during FONT Japan Tours in the Spring   
     
     
303. Crested Auklet  (*)  (Etorofu-umisuzume) ______ SS,FW   HN(po):jan,apr  HK(po):jan,apr
     Aethia cristatella  (monotypic)
     
     
304. Whiskered Auklet  (Shirahige-umisuzume)  (JAr)  ______
     Aethia pygmaea
     
     
305. Least Auklet  (*) (ph)  (Ko-umisuzume) ______ FW   HN(po):jan,feb  HK(p):jan,feb
     Aethia pusilla  (monotypic)
     
     
306. Parakeet Auklet  (Umiomu)  (JAr)  ______  
     Cyclorrhynchus psittacula
     
     
307. Rhinoceros Auklet  (*)  (Utou) ______ SS,FW   HN(po):jan,apr,may,jun,nov  HI:may  HK:apr,jun
     Cerorhinca monocerata  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus) 
     
     
308. Horned Puffin  (*) (ph)  (Tsunomedori) ______ SS  HK(po):apr
     Fratercula corniculata  (monotypic)
     
     
309. Tufted Puffin  (JAr) (*) (ph)  (Etopirika) ______ FW  HN(po):jan  HK(po):jan
     Fratercula (formerly Lunda) cirrhata  (monotypic)
     
     
310. Common (or Feral) Pigeon (i) (*)  (Dobato) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,jul,nov,dec  HI:apr,may  HK:jan,feb,may,jun,nov,dec  KY:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov  NS:may
     Columba l. livia
     
     
311. Black Wood Pigeon (nt) (JAneb) (*)  (Karasu-bato) ______ SS,FW   HI:may  AM:jan,feb,may,jul  OK:jan,feb,may,nov
     Columba j. janthina
     
     
312. Bonin Woodpigeon  (Ogasawara-karasu-bato)  ______  (now globally extinct)
     Columba versicolor
     
     
313. Ryukyu Woodpigeon  (Ryukyu-karasu-bato)  ______  (now globally extinct)
     Columba jouyi
     
     
314. Oriental Turtle Dove  (*)  (Kiji-bato) ______ SS,FW   HN(p):jan,feb,apr,may,jun,nov,dec  HI:apr,may  HK:feb,may,jun  KY:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov 
     Streotopelia orientalis
     Streotopelia o. orientalis (on Hokkaido, Honshu, & Kyushu)
     Streotopelia o. stimpsoni (on Amami & Okinawa)
     
     
315. Red Turtle Dove  (Beni-bato)  (JA)  ______
     Streptopelia tranquebarica
     
     
316. White-bellied Green Pigeon (nt) (*)  (Ao-bato) ______ SS,FW  HN:may  HK:jun  KY:feb,may  OK:jan
     Treron (formerly Sphenurus) s. sieboldii
     
     
317. Ryukyu Green Pigeon (nt) (*) (ph)  (Zuaka-ao-bato) ______ SS,FW  AM:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul  NS:jan 
     Treron (formerly Sphenurus) riukiuensis   
     Treron riukiuensis permagnus  (on Okinawa)
     Treron riukiuensis medioximus  (on other Japanese islands in Nansei Shoto) 
     
     The Ryukyu Green Pigeon was known as the Whistling Green Pigeon when it was conspecific with the Taiwan Green Pigeon, Treron formosae.
     It has also rather inappropriately been called the Red-capped Green Pigeon. 
     
     
     
     
     A Ryukyu Green Pigeon photographed during a FONT tour in Amami
      
     
318. Emerald Dove  (Kin-bato)  ______
     Chalcophaps indica
     
     
319. Rose-ringed (or Ring-necked) Parakeet (i) (*)  (Wakake-honsei-inko) ______ SS  HN:jun
     Psittacula krameri
     
     
320. Eurasian Cuckoo  (*)  (Kakko) ______ SS  HN:may,jun  HI:may  HK:jun  KY:may  
     Cuculus canorus telephonus
     
     The Eurasian Cuckoo has been called the Common Cuckoo.
     
     
321. Oriental Cuckoo  (*)  (Tsutsudori) ______ SS  HN:may  HI:may  HK;jun  KY:may    
     Cuculus optatus  (formerly C. saturatus)  (monotypic)
     
     The Oriental Cuckoo was conspecific with the Himalayan Cuckoo, Cuculus saturatus. Another name has been Horshield's Cuckoo.
     
     
322. Lesser Cuckoo  (*)  (Hototo-gisu) ______ SS  HN:may,jun  HI:may  KY:may  OK:may  
     Cuculus poliocephalus  (monotypic)
     
     For the Lesser Cuckoo, a former alternate name of Little Cuckoo was inappropriate as there is a bird in South America with that common English name.
     
     
323. Northern Hawk-Cuckoo  (*)  (Juichi) ______ SS   HN:may  KY:may   
     Cuculus hyperythrus  
     
     The Northern Hawk-Cuckoo was part of the Hodgson's Hawk-Cuckoo.
     
     
324. Chestnut-winged Cuckoo  (Kanmuri-kakko)  (JAr)  ______
     Clamator coromandus
     
     
325. Asian Koel  (JAr)  ______
     Eudynamys scolopaceus chinensis
     
     The Asian Koel, of China, has occurred as a vagrant in southern Japan, mostly in Yonaguni, the Yaeyama Islands, but also in Kyushu.   
     
     
326. Eastern Grass Owl  (JAr)  ______
     Tyto longimembris
     
     The Eastern Grass Owl was part of the Grass Owl, Tyto capensis.  
     
     
327. Blakiston's Fish Owl (t2) (*) (ph)  (Shima-fukuro) ______ FW   HK:jan,feb,nov,dec
     Bubo b. blakistoni  (now genus Bubo rather than Ketupa)
     
     Regarding the BLAKISTON'S FISH OWL, go to:  RARE BIRDS OF JAPAN   
     
     
     
     
     The big & rare Blakiston's Fish Owl has been seen 
     during FONT Japan Tours in Hokkaido in the Late-Fall & Winter
      
     
328. Eurasian Eagle Owl  (Washi-mimizuku)  (JAr)  ______
     Bubo bubo borrisowi 
     
     
329. Snowy Owl  (Shiro-fukuro)  (JAr)  ______
     Bubo (formerly Nyctea) scandiaca
     
     
330. Japanese Scops Owl  (*)  (O-konoha-zuku) ______ FW   HI:may  HK:jan  KY:may  OK:jan 
     Otus s. semitorques
     Otus semitorques pryeri:  resident on Nansei Shoto (Okinawa to Iriomote) & on Izu Islands. See note below.    
     
     The Japanese Scops Owl has been considered by some as part of the Collared Scops Owl of mainland Asia, Otus lettia.
     
     Otus semitorques pryeri may be a separate species. It is smaller and redder than O. s. semitorques, lacking toe feathers and has redder eyes. 
     Otus s. semitorques is perhaps only a summer visitor in Hokkaido. 
     Otus semitorques ussuriensis occurs in Hokkaido in the winter from further north.  
     
     All three of the above subspecies have been seen during FONT tours. 
     
     
331. Oriental Scops Owl  (*)  (Konoha-zuku) ______ SS  AM:may,dec  OK:may  
     Otus sunia japonicus
     
     The Oriental Scops Owl was, at one time, treated as a subspecies of the Common Scops Owl, Otus scops.
     
     
332. Elegant (or Ryukyu) Scops-Owl  (Ryukyu-konoha-zuku)  (nt) (JAneb) (*) ______ SS,FW   AM:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,nov  
     Otus e. elegans  (other subspecies are on islands off Taiwan and the Philippines)
     
     The Elegant, or Ryukyu, Scops Owl was, until recently, considered part of the Celebes, or Sulawesi, Scops Owl of southeast Asian islands, Otus manadensis. 
     Prior to that, it was considered part of the Oriental Scops Owl, and, at one time, treated as a subspecies of the Common Scops Owl, Otus scops.    
     
     
333. Brown (or Oriental) Hawk-Owl  (*)  (Aoba-zuku) ______ SS,FW   HN:jun  HI:may  AM:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  OK:jan,may,nov
     Ninox scutulata japonica
     
     
334. Ural Owl  (*)  (Fukuro) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan  HK:jan,feb  KY:jan,may
     Strix uralensis 
     Strix u. japonica (on Hokkaido) (on that island formerly S. u. hondoensis)
     Strix u. fuscescens (on Kyushu)
     
     
335. Northerrn Long-eared Owl  (*)  (Torafu-zuku) ______ SS,FW   AM:jan,feb,may
     Asio o. otus
     
     
336. Short-eared Owl  (*) (ph)  (Komini-zuku) ______ FW  HN(p):jan,nov  HK:jan
     Asio f. flammeus
     
     
337. Tengmalm's Owl  (Kinme-fukuro)  (JAr)  ______  
     Aegolius funereus pallens
     
     The Tengmalm's Owl is called the Boreal Owl in North America.
     
     
338. Grey Nightjar  (*) (ph)  (Yotaka) ______ SS   HN:may  HI:may  KY:may   
     Caprimulgus jotaka
     
     The Gray Nightjar was part of the Jungle Nightjar, Caprimulgus indicus. 
     
     
     
     
     A Grey Nightjar photographed during a FONT Japan Tour in May
     on Hegura Island
     
     
339. White-throated (or Northern) Needletail  (*)  (Hario-amatsubame) ______ SS   OK:may
     Hirundapus c. caudacutus
     
     
340. House Swift  (*)  (Hime-amatsubame) ______ SS,FW   KY:jan,jul,nov  AM:may,dec
     Apus nipalensis subfurcatus
     
     
341. Pacific Swift  (*)  (Amatsu-bame) ______ SS   HN:apr,may,jun  HI:may  HK:jun  OK:may,jul  
     Apus p. pacificus  
     
     Another name for Pacific Swift is Asian White-rumped Swift. 
     
     
342. Common Swift  (JAr)  ______
     Apus apus
     
     
343. Ruddy Kingfisher  (*) (ph)  (Aka-shobin) ______ SS   HI:may  KY:may,jul  AM:may,jul  OK:may,jul 
     Halcyon coromanda
     Halcyon c. major (on Kyushu)
     Halcyon c. bangsi (on Amami & Okinawa)
     
     
     
     
     Ruddy Kingfishers have been seen during FONT Japan Tours in the Spring
     in Kyushu, Amami, & Okinawa (and once on Hegura Island)
     
     
344. Black-capped Kingfisher  (JAr) (*) (ph)  (Yama-shobin) ______ SS   HI:may
     Halcyon pileata  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     
     A Black-capped Kingfisher on Hegura Island during a FONT tour 
     
     
345. White-throated Kingfisher  (JAr)  ______
     Halcyon smyrnensis
     
     
346. Collared Kingfisher  (Nanyo-shobin)  (JAr)  ______
     Todiramphus chloris
     
     
347. Common Kingfisher  (*) (ph)  (Kawasemi) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,nov,dec  HI:may  KY:jan,feb,may,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,may,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul
     Alcedo atthis bengalensis
     
     
     
     
     The Common Kingfisher is a brilliant jewel
     (photo by Paul West)
     
     
348. Crested Kingfisher  (*)  (Yamasemi) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may  HK:may  KY:jan,feb,may,nov,dec 
     Ceryle lugubris
     Ceryle l. pallida (on Hokkaido)
     Ceryle l. lugubris  (on Honshu & Kyushu)
     
     The Crested Kingfisher was called the Greater Pied Kingfisher.
     
     
349. Oriental Dollarbird  (*) (ph)  (Bupposo) ______ SS  HI:may  KY:may,jul  
     Eurystomus orientalis calonyx
     
     The Oriental Dollarbird is closely related to the Broad-billed Roller.  
     
     
     
     
     An Oriental Dollarbird on Hegura Island during a FONT tour 
     
     
350. Eurasian Hoopoe (JAr) (*)  (Yatsugashira) ______ SS   HI:apr,may
     Upupa e. epops  (as U. e. saturata now merged)
     
     
351. Eurasian Wryneck  (Arisui)  ______
     Jynx torquilla
     
     
352. Japanese Green Woodpecker (JAe) (*) (ph)  (Ao-gera) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun  KY:jan,may,jul,nov
     Picus awokera
     Picus a. awokera  (on Honshu)
     Picus a. horii  (on Kyushu)
     (birds are larger & lighter in the north, smaller & darker in the south) 
     
     
     
     
     Japanese Green Woodpecker,
     one of the country's endemic birds 
     
     
353. Grey-headed Woodpecker  (*)  (Yama-gera) ______ SS,FW   HK:jan.may,jun,nov
     Picus canus jessoensis
     
     
354. Black Woodpecker  (*)  (Kuma-gera) ______ SS,FW   HK:jan,feb,jun
     Dryocopus m. martius
     
     
355. Okinawa (or Pryer's) Woodpecker  (Noguchi-gera)  (t1) (JAe) (*) (ph)  ______ SS,FW   OK:jan,feb,may,jul
     Dendrocopos (formerly Sapheopipo) noguchii
     
     
     
     
     The Okinawa, or Pryer's, Woodpecker, one of the (if not the) rarest of woodpeckers.
     
     
356. Amami (or Owston's) Woodpecker  (JAe) (*)  (O-aka-gera) ______ SS,FW   AM:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  
     Dendrocopos (formerly Picoides) (leucotos) owstoni
     
     The Amami (or "Owston's") Woodpecker, endemic to Amami Island, has been considered a race of the White-backed Woodpecker - the largest and darkest race of that wide-ranging species across the Palearctic.
     So distinctive is the bird on Amami, however, that it may be a full species.  
     
     
357. White-backed Woodpecker  (*)  (O-aka-gera) ______ SS,FW   HK:jan,may,jun  KY:may
     Dendrocopos (formerly Picoides) leucotos subcirrus  (this subspecies endemic to Hokkaido) 
     
     
358. Great Spotted Woodpecker  (*) (ph)  (Aka-gera) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun  HK:jan,feb,may,jun,nov,dec  KY:may,dec
     Dendrocopos (formerly Picoides) major japonicus
     
     
     
     
     The Japanese race of the Great Spotted Woodpecker,
     a widespread species across Eurasia
      
     
359. Lesser Spotted Woodpecker  (*)  (Ko-aka-gera) ______ FW  HK:jan,nov
     Dryobates (formerly Dendrocopos; prior to that Picoides) minor amurensis
     
     
360. Japanese Pygmy Woodpecker  (*) (ph)  (Ko-gera) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,nov,dec  HK:jan,feb,may,jun,nov,dec  KY:jan,may,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,may,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,nov  
     Yungipicus (formerly Dendrocopos; prior to that Picoides) kizuki
     Yungipicus k. ijimae  (on Hokkaido)
     Yungipicus k. seebohmi  (on Honshu)
     Yungipicus k. amamii  (on Amami)
     Yungipicus k. kizuki  (on Kyushu & Okinawa)
     
     
     
     
     A Japanese Pygmy Woodpecker photographed during a FONT tour
     (photo by Paul West)
     
     
361. Eurasian Three-toed Woodpecker  (Miyubi-gera)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
     Picoides tridactylus inouyei  (subspecies seems to be nearing extinction)
     
     
362. Rufous-bellied Woodpecker  (JAr)  ______
     Hypopicus hyperythrus
     
     
363. White-bellied Woodpecker  ______    
     Dryocopus javensis richardsi
     
     The White-bellied Woodpecker is now extinct on Tsushima Island, off the west coast of Kyushu, Japan. It still exists in Korea and elsewhere in Asia.
     
     
364. Fairy Pitta (t3) (*)  (Yairocho) ______ SS   KY:may,jul  
     Pitta nympha  (monotypic)
     
     The Fairy Pitta was, at one time, by some, considered conspecific with the Blue-winged Pitta, Pitta brachyura.  
     
     
365. Hooded Pitta  (Zuguro-yairocho)  (JAr)  ______ 
     Pitta sordida
     
     The Hooded Pitta has occurred as an accidental visitor in southern Nansei Shoto.
     
     
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