PO Box 9021, Wilmington, DE 19809, USA
E-mail: font@focusonnature.com
Phone: Toll-free in USA 1-800-721-9986
 or 302/529-1876

Website:  www.focusonnature.com

 

Japan Birds

from Pheasants 
to Pittas

noting those during 
Focus On Nature Tours
with an (*)

1994 thru 2011

(during the months of 
January, February, 
April, May, June, July,
November, & Decemb
er)

Part 1 of a Japan Bird-List compiled by Armas Hill, 
the leader of FONT tours in Japan

Photo at upper right: RED-CROWNED CRANES in Hokkaido, as seen during the FONT Winter Tours
(The RED-CROWNED CRANE also known as the JAPANESE CRANE)  


Link:

Part #2 of this List of Japan Birds: Minivets to Buntings


There have been 22 FONT Fall & Winter birding & nature tours in Japan: FW.

There have been 13 FONT Spring & Summer birding & nature tours in Japan: SS.


During our 35 FONT tours in Japan, 393 species of birds have cumulatively been found. 

In the following list, Japanese bird names follow English names.



Codes:

(i): introduced species

(t): a globally threatened or rare species, designated by Birdlife International.
(t1): critical
(t2): endangered
(t3): vulnerable
(nt): considered a near-threatened species globally

(JAr):       rare in Japan
(JArs):     rare in Japan in spring/summer
(JArw):    rare in Japan in winter

(JAe):      Japanese endemic
(JAeb):    Japanese endemic breeder
(JAneb):  Japanese near-endemic breeder

FW: Seen during FONT Fall & Winter Japanese birding tours.
SS: Seen during FONT Spring & Summer Japanese birding tours.

In the list that follows, relating to birds during FONT tours, the Japanese islands & the months are noted.
HN:    on Honshu
HI:     on Hegura Island (Hegura-jima) in the Sea of Japan off Honshu.
(Hegura Island visited during our Spring tours) 
HK:    on Hokkaido
KY:    on Kyushu
AM:   on Amami 
OK:    on Okinawa

NS
:    in the southern Japanese islands of Nansei Shoto (other than Amami & Okinawa). 

(p):    following the 2-letter island code, indicates also during an offshore pelagic trip
(po):  following the 2-letter island code. indicates only during an offshore pelagic trip
 
(ph):  species with a photo in this FONT web-site 



Links:

Upcoming Japan Birding & Nature Tours

FONT Past Tour Highlights

Birds during Previous FONT tours in Japan in: 

Honshu  (over 300 species)

Hegura Island  (with some photos)

the Island of Amami

the island of Okinawa


Rare Birds during our Japan Tours 
(with some photos)

Japanese Mammals  (with some photos)

Japanese Butterflies  (with some photos)

Directory of Photos in this Website, in this list & others


List of Japan Birds, noting those during FONT Tours (Part #1):

  1. Copper Pheasant   (Yamadori)  (nt) (JAe) (*) (ph) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,apr,may  KY:jan,may,dec
    Syrmaticus soemmerringii
    Syrmaticus s. subrufus 
    (on Honshu)
    Syrmaticus s. ijimae 
    (on Kyushu)




    Copper Pheasants have been seen during FONT tours in Honshu & Kyushu
     
  2. Green Pheasant  (Kiji)  (JAe) (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,apr,may,jun  KY:jan,feb,nov,dec 
    Phasianus versicolor
    Phasianus v. tohkaidi
    (on Honshu)
    Phasianus v. tanensis
    (on Kyushu)

    The Green Pheasant has been considered conspecific with the Common Pheasant, native to Eurasia, Phasianus colchicus.
      
  3. Hazel Grouse  (Ezo-raicho)  ______
    Tetrastes bonasia vicinitas

  4. Rock Ptarmigan  (Raicho)  (ph)  ______
    Lagopus muta japonica 

  5. Japanese Quail  (Uzura) ______
    Coturnix japonica 
    (monotypic)

  6. Barred Buttonquail  (Mifu-uzura)  ______
    Turnix suscitator okinavensis  

  7. Chinese Bamboo Partridge  (Kojukei)  (i) (*) ______ FW  KY:jan,feb,may,dec
    Bambusicola t. thoracica


  8. Lesser Whistling Duck  (Ryukyu-gamo)  ______
    Dendrocygna javanica

  9. Mute Swan  (Kobu-hakucho)  (i) (*) (ph) ______ SS,FW  HN:jan,feb,may,jun,dec  HK:jun,dec  KY:jan,nov
    Cygnus olor 
    (monotypic)

  10. Whooper Swan  (O-hakucho)  (*) (ph) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb  HK:jan,feb,nov,dec
    Cygnus cygnus
      (monotypic)




    Whooper Swans photographed in Hokkaido 
    during a FONT Winter Tour in Japan
    (photo by Alan Brady)
      

  11. "Bewick's" Tundra Swan  (Ko-hakucho)  (*)  ______ FW  HN:jan  KY:jan,feb,nov  
    Cygnus
    columbianus bewickii

    The "Bewick's" Tundra Swan is conspecific with the "Whistling" Tundra Swan of North America.

  12. Greylag Goose  (Haiiro-gan)  (JAr) (*) (ph)  ______ SS,FW  HK:may,dec
    Anser anser rubrirostris

  13. Greater White-fronted Goose  (Ma-gan)  (*) ______ FW   HN:jan,nov  HK:dec  KY:jan
    Anser albifrons frontalis

  14. Bean Goose  (Hishikui)  (*) ______ FW  HN:jan,feb,nov  KY:jan
    Anser fabalis middendorffii: 
    Taiga Bean Goose
    Anser fabalis serrirostris: 
    Tundra Bean Goose

  15. Snow Goose  (Haku-gan)  (JAr) (*) ______ FW  HN:jan,nov
    Anser
    (formerly Chen) caerulescens hyperboreus

  16. Swan Goose  (Sakatsura)  (t2) (JAr)  ______
    Anser cygnoides 
    (monotypic)

  17. Lesser White-fronted Goose  (Karigane)  (t3) (JAr)  ______
    Anser erythropus 
    (monotypic)

  18. Emperor Goose  (Mikado-gan)  (nt) (JAr)  ______
    Anser 
    (formerly Chen) canagicus  (monotypic)

  19. Bar-headed Goose  (Indo-gan)  ______
    Anser indicus 
    (monotypic)

  20. "Black" Brant Goose  (Koku-gan)  (*) ______ FW  HK:jan
    Branta bernicla orientalis

  21. (Greater) Canada Goose  (Shijukara-gan)  (JAr)  ______
    Branta canadensis

  22. Lesser (or Cackling) Canada Goose  (JAr)  ______
    Branta hutchinsii minima

  23. Common Shelduck   (Tsukushi-gamo)  (*) ______ FW   KY:jan,feb  AM:jan
    Tadorna tadorna 
    (monotypic)

  24. Ruddy Shelduck  (Aka-tsukushi-gamo)  (JAr)  ______
    Tadorna feruginea
      (monotypic)

  25. Crested Shelduck  (Kanmuri-tsukushi)  ______  (now presumed globally extinct)  
    Tadorna cristata  

    The last reliable sighting of the Crested Shelduck was of 1 male and 2 females on an island off eastern Russia in May 1964.  

  26. Mandarin Duck  (Oshidori)  (nt) (*) (ph)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,nov,dec  HK:jun  KY:jan,feb,nov,dec  OK:nov  
    Aix galericulata
       (monotypic)




    A Pair of Mandarin Ducks photographed during a FONT tour in Japan

  27. Cotton Pygmy Goose  (Nankinoshi)  (JAr)  ______  (also called Cotton Teal)
    Nettapus c. coromandelianus

  28. Eurasian Wigeon  (incl green-faced form)  (Hidori-gamo)  (*) (ph) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,dec  HI:may  HK:jan,feb,may,jun,nov,dec  KY:jan,feb,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,nov,dec  
    Anas penelope 
    (monotypic)




    A Eurasian Wigeon, photographed during FONT's 
    January/February 2009 Tour in Japan
    (photo by Karl Frafjord)


  29. American Wigeon  (Amerika-hidori)  (JAr) (*) (ph)  ______ FW  HN:jan,feb  HK:dec  KY:feb
    Anas americana
      (monotypic)

  30. Falcated Duck  (Yoshi-gamo)  (nt) (*) (ph) ______ SS,FW  HN:jan,feb,may  HK:jan,feb,dec  KY:jan,nov,dec
    Anas falcata 
    (monotypic)




    The Falcated Duck is one of the attractive Asian species of waterfowl
    seen during FONT tours in Japan.

      
  31. Baikal Teal  (Tomoe-gamo)  (t3) (*) (ph) ______ FW  HN:jan,feb,nov  KY:jan
    Anas formosa 
    (monotypic)




    The now-rare Baikal Teal has been seen during FONT Winter Tours
    in Honshu & Kyushu


  32. Eurasian Teal  (Ko-gamo)  (*) ______ SS,FW  HN:jan,feb,apr,may,nov,dec  HK:jan,feb,nov,dec  KY:jan,feb,nov,dec  AM:jan  OK:jan,feb,nov  
    Anas c. crecca 

    The Eurasian Teal was considered conspecific with the Green-winged Teal of North America.
      
  33. Garganey  (Shimaaji)  (*) ______ SS   HN:apr,may
    Anas querquedula
      (monotypic)

  34. Gadwall  (Okayoshi-gamo)  (*) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,dec  HK:jun,dec  KY:jan,feb,dec  AM:jan  OK:jan
    Anas s. strepera

  35. Mallard  (Ma-gamo)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,nov,dec  HI:may  HK:jan,feb,may,jun,nov,dec  KY:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  AM:jan,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb
    Anas p. platyrhynchos

  36. Eastern Spot-billed Duck  (Karu-gamo)  (*) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,nov,dec  HI:apr,may  HK:jan,feb,may,jun  KY:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,jul,nov,dec  OK:may,nov 
    Anas zonorhyncha




    Eastern Spot-billed Ducks photographed during the Jan/Feb 2009 FONT Japan Tour
    (photo by Karl Frafjord)

  37. Northern Pintail  (Onaga-gamo)  (*)  ______ SS,FW  HN:jan,feb,apr,may,nov,dec  HK:jan,feb,may,dec  KY:jan,nov,dec  AM:nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may
    Anas acuta 
    (monotypic)




    A Pair of Northern Pintails in flight
    (photo by Howard Eskin)


  38. Northern Shoveler  (Hashibiro-gamo)  (*)  ______ SS,FW  HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,dec  HK:jan,feb,dec  KY:jan,dec  AM:jan,dec  OK:feb,nov
    Anas clypeata 
    (monotypic)

  39. Philippine Duck  (Akanodo-karugmo)  (JAr)  ______
    Anas luzonica

  40. Red-crested Pochard  (Akahashi-hajiro)  (JAr) (*) ______ FW  HN:feb
    Netta rufina 
    (monotypic)

  41. Common Pochard  (Hoshi-hajiro)  (*) (ph) ______  SS,FW  HN:jan,feb,apr,may,nov,dec  HK:jan,feb  KY:jan,dec  OK:jan
    Aythya ferina 
    (monotypic)

  42. Baer's Pochard  (Aka-hajiro)  (t3) (JAr) (*) ______ FW  HN:jan
    Aythya baeri 
    (monotypic)

  43. Ring-necked Duck  (Kubiwa-kinkuro)  (JAr) (*) (ph) ______ FW  HN:jan
    Aythya collaris 
    (monotypic)

  44. Tufted Duck  (Kinkuro-hajiro)  (*) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,nov,dec  HK:jan,feb,jun,dec  KY:jan,dec  OK:jan
    Aythya fuligula 
    (monotypic)

  45. Greater Scaup  (Suzu-gamo)  (*) ______ SS,FW  HN:jan,feb,apr,may,nov  HK:jan,feb,jun,nov,dec  KY:nov,dec
    Aythya marila mariloides

  46. Lesser Scaup  (Ko-suzu-gamo)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
    Aythya affinis 
    (monotypic)

  47. Redhead  (Amerika-hoshi-hajiro)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
    Aythya americana 
    (monotypic)

  48. Ferruginous Duck  (Mejiro-gamo)  (nt)  (JAr)  ______
    Aythya nyoca 
    (monotypic) 

    The Ferruginous Duck is also called the White-eyed Pochard. 

  49. Steller's Eider  (Ko-kewata-gamo)   (JAr) (*) (ph)  ______
    Polysticta stelleri 
    (monotypic)

  50. Harlequin Duck  (Shinori-gamo)  (*) (ph) ______  SS,FW  HN:jan,may,dec  HK:jan,feb,jun,nov,dec
    Histrionicus histrionicus (pacificus) 
    (now  monotypic, with pacificus merged) (the single member of its genus)




    Harlequin Ducks are usually seen in large numbers 
    during late-fall & winter FONT Japan tours in Hokkaido.
    (photo by Howard Eskin)

     
  51. Long-tailed Duck  (Kori-gamo)  (*) (ph)  ______ FW   HK:jan,feb,nov,dec 
    Clangula hyemalis 
    (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)

    The Long-tailed Duck was called Oldsquaw in North America. 




    The Long-tailed Ducks is yet another attractive species of waterfowl
    seen nicely during late-fall & winter FONT Japan tours in Hokkaido.
    (photo by Kim Steininger) 

  52. Black Scoter  (Kuro-gamo)  (*) ______  SS,FW  HN(p):jan,feb,apr,may  HK:jan,feb,apr,jun,nov,dec
    Melanitta americana


    The Black Scoter was considered conspecific with the Common Scoter of Europe, Melanitta nigra.

  53. "Stejneger's" White-winged Scoter  (Birodo-kinkuro)  (*) ______ FW  HK:jan,feb,nov,dec
    Melanitta (deglandi) stejnegeri
     

    "Stejneger's" White-winged Scoter is considered conspecific with the White-winged Scoter of North America, Melanitta deglandi, and was formerly so with the Velvet Scoter of Europe, Melanitta fusca.
     
  54. Surf Scoter  (Aranami-kinkuro)  (JAr)  ______
    Melanitta perspicillata

  55. Bufflehead  (Hime-hajiro)  (JAr) (*) (ph)  ______ FW  HK:jan
    Bucephala albeola
      (monotypic)

  56. Common Goldeneye  (Hojiro-gamo)  (*)  ______ FW  HN:jan,feb  HK:jan,feb,nov,dec  KY:jan
    Bucephala c. clangula

  57. Smew  (Miko-aisa)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,dec  HK:jan,feb,nov,dec  KY:jan
    Mergellus
    (formerly Mergus) albellus  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus) 

  58. Red-breasted Merganser  (Umi-aisa)  (*) (ph)  ______  SS,FW  HN:jan,feb,apr,may  HI:may  HK:jan,feb,nov,dec  KY:jan
    Mergus serrator 
    (monotypic)

  59. Scaly-sided (or Chinese) Merganser  (Korai-aisa)  (t3) (JAp) (*)  ______  FW  HN:jan
    Mergus squamatus 
    (monotypic)

    Regarding the SCALY-SIDED MERGANSER, go to:  RARE BIRDS OF JAPAN

  60. Common Merganser (or Goosander (Kawa-aisa)  (*)  ______ SS,FW  HN:jan,feb,may  HK:jan,feb,may,jun,nov,dec
    Mergus m. merganser

  61. Yellow-billed Loon (or White-billed Diver)  (Hashijiro-abi)  (JAr) (*)  ______ FW  HN(po);jan  HK:jan
    Gavia adamsii 
    (monotypic)

  62. Red-throated Loon (or Red-throated Diver)  (Abi)  (*) (ph)  ______  FW  HK:jan  HK:jan,nov
    Gavia stellata 
    (monotypic)

  63. Pacific Loon (or Pacific Diver (Shiroeri-ohamu)  (*)  ______  SS,FW  HN(p):jan,feb,apr,may,nov,dec  HI:may  HK:jan,feb,jun,nov,dec
    Gavia pacifica 
    (monotypic)




    A Pacific Loon

  64. Arctic Loon (or Black-throated Diver (Ohamu)  (*)  ______ FW  HN(p):jan,apr  HK:jan,nov
    Gavia arctica viridigularis

  65. Black-footed Albatross  (Kuroashi-ahodori)  (t3) (*)  ______ SS,FW  HN(po):jan,apr,may.jun,nov
    Phoebastria
    (formerly Diomedea) nigripes

  66. Laysan Albatross  (Ko-ahodori)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN(po):jan.feb,may,jun,nov,dec
    Phoebastria
    (formerly Diomedea) immutabilis

  67. Short-tailed (or Steller's) Albatross  (Ahodori)  (t2) (JAeb) (*)  ______  SS,FW  HN(po):jan,apr,may
    Phoebastria
    (formerly Diomedea) albatrus

    Regarding the SHORT-TAILED ALBATROSS, go to:  RARE BIRDS OF JAPAN

  68. Wandering Albatross  (Watori-ahodori)  (JAr) ______
    Diomedea exullans

    2 Wandering Albatrosses were captured near the Senkaku Islands in November 1970.  

  69. Northern Fulmar  (Furuma-kamome)  (*) (ph) ______ SS,FW  HN(po):jan,feb,may,jun,nov,dec
    Fulmarus glacialis rodgersii

  70. Bonin Petrel  (Shirohara-mizunagidori)  (*)  ______ FW  HN(po):jan
    Pterodroma hypoleuca

  71. Bulwer's Petrel  (Anadori)  (*)  ______ SS  NS(po):may
    Bulweria bulwerii 
    (monotypic)




    Bulwer's Petrels have been seen from ferries during FONT Tours
    in Southern Japan in the Spring


  72. Streaked Shearwater  (O-mizunagidori)  (JAneb) (*)  ______  SS,FW   HN(po):jan,apr,may,jun.nov,dec  HI:may  KY(po):may,jul  AM(po):may  NS(po):may
    Calonectris leucomelas 
    (monotypic)

  73. Wedge-tailed Shearwater  ______  
    Puffinus pacificus  

    The Wedge-tailed Shearwater breeds in Japan in the Ogasawara & Izo Islands from late March to early October.  

  74. Buller's Shearwater  (Minami-onaga-mizunagidori)  (JAr) (*) ______ SS  HN(po):may,jun
    Puffinus bulleri 
    (monotypic)  (The scientific name of the Buller's Shearwater may be changed to Ardenna bulleri.)

  75. Bannerman's Shearwater  (Seguro-mizunagidori)  (JAeb)  ______
    Puffinus bannermani

    The Bannerman's Shearwater is an endemic breeder on the Ogasawara Islands. It was considered part of the Audubon's Shearwater (That species is now restricted to the Atlantic Ocean.)  
    Other names have been Baillon's Shearwater and Tropical Shearwater.

  76. Flesh-footed Shearwater  (Akaashi-mizunagidori)  (*) ______ SS,FW   HN(po):may,jun,nov  AM(po):may  NS(po):may
    Puffinus carneipes 
    (monotypic)

  77. Sooty Shearwater  (Haiiro-mizunagidori)  (*) (ph)  ______ SS   HN(p):apr,may,jun  NS(po):may
    Puffinus griseus 
    (monotypic)

  78. Short-tailed Shearwater  (Hashiboso-mizunagidori)  (*) (ph)  ______ SS,FW   HN(p):jan,apr,may,jun,nov,dec  HK(po):apr  AM(po):may  NS(po):may
    Puffinus tenuirostris 
    (monotypic)




    A Short-tailed Shearwater photographed during a FONT tour
    (photo by Marie Gardner)


  79. Tristram's (or Sooty) Storm Petrel  (O-suton-umitsubame)  (nt) (*)  ______ SS,FW  HN(po):jan,may,dec
    Oceanodroma tristrami 
    (monotypic)

  80. Swinhoe's Storm Petrel  (Hime-kuro-umitsubame)  (nt) (*)  ______ SS  NS(po):may
    Oceanodroma monorhis 
    (monotypic)

  81. Fork-tailed (or Grey) Storm Petrel  (Haiiro-umitsubame)  (*) ______ FW  HN(po):jan,feb,nov,dec 
    Oceanodroma f. furcata


  82. Leach's Storm Petrel  (Koshijiro-umitsubame)  ______
    Oceanodroma leucorhoa

  83. Band-rumped Storm Petrel  (Kuro-koshijiro-umitsubame)  ______
    Oceanodroma castro

  84. Matsudaira's Storm Petrel  (Kuro-umitsubame)  ______
    Oceandroma matsudairae 

    The Matsudaira's Storm Petrel is a breeder on the Ogasawara and Izo Islands, occurring mostly from mid-January to mid-June.

  85. Wilson's Storm Petrel  (Ashinaga-umitsubame)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
    Oceanites oceanicus

  86. Little Grebe (or "Dabchick")  (Kaitsuburi)  (*) (ph)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,dec  HI:may  HK:jan,may  KY:jan,feb,nov,dec  AM:jan,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb
    Tachybaptus ruficollis poggei




    A Little Grebe, at the moat of the Imperial Palace in Tokyo 

  87. Black-necked Grebe (or Eared Grebe) (Hajiro-kaitsuburi)  (*) (ph)  ______ FW   HN:jan,feb  KY:jan
    Podiceps n. nigricollis

  88. Horned Grebe (or Slavonian Grebe) (Mimi-kaitsuburi)  (*) (ph)  ______ FW  HN:jan,feb  HK:jan,feb,dec  KY:feb 
    Podiceps a. auritus




    A Horned Grebe in non-breeding plumage
    (photo by Kim Steininger)

  89. Red-necked Grebe  (Akaeri-kaitsuburi)  (*)  ______  SS,FW  HN:jan,apr  HK:jan,nov
    Podiceps grisegena holboellii

  90. Great Crested Grebe  (Kanmuri-kaitsuburi)  (*)  ______ SS,FW  HIHN:jan,feb,apr,may  HI:apr  KY:jan,nov
    Podiceps c. cristatus

  91. Oriental Stork  (Konotori)  (t2) (JAr) (*)  ______ FW  KY:jan,feb
    Ciconia boyciana 
    (monotypic)

  92. Black Stork  (Habe-ko)  (JAr)  ______
    Ciconia nigra 
    (monotypic)

  93. Crested Ibis  (Toki)  (t1) (JAr)  ______
    Nipponia nippon 
    (monotypic)    

    Regarding the CRESTED IBIS, go to: RARE BIRDS OF JAPAN




    Crested Ibis

  94. Black-headed Ibis  (Kuro-toki)  (nt) (JAr)  ______
    Threskiornis melanocephalus 

  95. Eurasian Spoonbill  (Herasagi)  (JAr) (*) (ph)  ______ FW  KY:jan,feb,dec  AM:jan  OK:feb,nov
    Platalea l. leucorodia




    A Eurasian Spoonbill in flight

  96. Black-faced Spoonbill  (Kurotsura-herasagi)  (t1) (JAr) (*) (ph)  ______  FW  HN:jan  KY:jan,feb,dec  AM:dec  OK:jan,feb,nov
    Platalea minor 
    (monotypic)

    Regarding the BLACK-FACED SPOONBILL, go to:   RARE BIRDS OF JAPAN





    Every year, some Black-faced Spoonbills winter in Japan.
    During our FONT Japan tours in the winter, we've seen 
    this very rare species usually on the southern Japanese islands 
    (Kyushu, Amami, & Okinawa), but in January 2007 we saw it, 
    for the first time, on Honshu. 




  97. Eurasian Bittern  (Sankano-goi)  (*)  ______ FW  HN:jan
    Botaurus s. stellaris

  98. Black-crowned Night Heron  (Goi-sagi)  (*) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,apr,may,jun,jul,dec  HI:apr,may  KY:jan,may,jul,nov,dec  OK:jan,may,nov
    Nycticorax n. nycticorax

  99. Rufous Night Heron  (Hashibuto-goi)  ______  (now extinct in Japan)
    Nycticorax caledonicus manillensis

    When it was in Japan, the Rufous Night Heron was only in the Ogasawara Islands. It was first discovered in Japan in 1827, and apparently became extinct there by 1889. The species occurs in the Philippines.

  100. Japanese Night Heron  (Mizo-goi)  (t2)  ______
    Gorsachius goisagi 
    (monotypic)

  101. Malayan Night Heron  (Zuguro-mizogoi)  ______
    Gorsachius melanolophus 
    (monotypic)

  102. Eastern Cattle Egret  (Ama-sagi)  (*)  ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,may  HI:may  KY:jan,feb,may,nov,dec  AM:jan,may,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul  NS:may
    Bublucus coromandus 
     

  103. Little Egret  (Ko-sagi)  (*) (ph)  ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,nov,dec  HI:apr,may  KY:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov
    Egretta g. garzetta




    Little Egret
    (photo by Howard Eskin)

  104. Chinese (or Swinhoe's) Egret  (Kara-shira-sagi)  (t2) (JAr) (*) _______ SS   HN:may  HI:may
    Egretta  eulophotes 
    (monotypic)

     
  105. Intermediate Egret  (Chu-sagi)  (*) ______  SS,FW   HN:apr,may  HI:may  KY:jan,may,jul,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov  NS:may
    Mesophoyx
    (formerly Egretta) i. intermedia

  106. Great Egret  (Dai-sagi)  (*) (ph)   ______  SS,FW  HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,dec  HI:apr,may  HK:jan,feb,dec  KY:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  AM:jan,may,jul,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov
    Casmerodius
    (has been Ardea) a. alba

  107. Grey Heron  (Ao-sagi)  (*) (ph)  ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,jul,nov,dec  HI:apr,may  HK:jan,feb,may,jun  KY:jan,feb,may,jul,nov.dec  AM:jan,may,jul,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov
    Ardea cinerea jouyi




    Grey Heron
    (photo by Howard Eskin)

  108. Purple Heron  (Murasaki-sagi)  (JAr) (*)  ______ SS   HI:may
    Ardea purpurea manilensis

  109. Striated Heron  (Sasa-goi)  (*)  ______  SS,FW   HN:may,jun  HI:may  KY:jan,may,nov  AM:jan,nov  OK:feb,may,nov,
    Butorides striatus amurensis

  110. Pacific (or Eastern) Reef Heron  (Kuro-sagi)  (*)  ______  SS,FW   HN:may  HI:may  KY:feb  AM:jan,may,jul,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul 
    Egretta s. sacra

  111. Chinese Pond Heron  (Akagashira-sagi)  (JAr) (*)  ______  SS   HI:may
    Ardeola bacchus 
    (monotypic)

  112. Cinnamon (or Chestnut) Bittern  (Ryukyu-yoshi-goi)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   AM:jul  OK:jan,feb,may,nov
    Ixobrychus cinnamomeus 
    (monotypic)

     
  113. Yellow (or Chinese Little) Bittern  (Yoshi-goi)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   AM:jul,nov  OK:nov
    Ixobrychus sinensis 
    (now monotypic)

     
  114. Schrenck's Bittern  (O-yoshi-goi)  (JAr)  ______
    Ixobrychus eurhythmus 
    (monotypic)

  115. Black Bittern  (Takasago-kuro-sagi)  (JAr)  ______
    Dupetor flavicollis

  116. Red-tailed Tropicbird  (Akao-nettaicho)  ______
    Phaethon rubricauda melanornynchus

  117. White-tailed Tropicbird  (Shirao-nettaicho) (ph)  ______
    Phaethon lepturus dorotheae

  118. Lesser Frigatebird  (Ko-gunkandori) (JAr)   ______
    Fregata a. ariel

  119. Great White Pelican  (Momo-iro-perikan) (JAr) (ph)  ______
    Pelecanus onocrotalus 
    (monotypic)

  120. Dalmatian Pelican  (Garancho)  (JAr)  ______
    Pelecanus crispus 
    (monotypic)

  121. Brown Booby  (Katsuodori)  (*)  ______  SS,FW   KY:jan  AM:nov  NS(po):may
    Sula leucogaster plotus

  122. Masked Booby  (Aotsura-katsuodori)  ______
    Sula dactylatra personata

  123. Red-footed Booby  (Akaashi-katsuodori)  (ph)  ______
    Sula sula rubripes

  124. Great Cormorant  (Kawa-u)  (*)  ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,nov,dec  KY:jan
    Phalacrocorax carbo hanedae
    (often considered synonymous with P. c. sinensis)

  125. Temminck's (or Japanese) Cormorant  (Umi-u)  (JAneb) (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN(p):jan,feb,apr,may,nov  HI:apr,may  HK:jan,feb,jun,nov,dec  KY:jan,feb,may,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb  NS:jan
    Phalacrocorax capillatus 
    (monotypic) 

  126. Pelagic Shag (or Cormorant (Hime-u)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN(p):jan,feb,apr,may,nov,dec  HI:apr,may  HK:jan,feb,jun,nov,dec  
    Phalacrocorax p. pelagicus

  127. Red-faced Shag (or Cormorant (Chishima-ugarasu)  (JAr) (*)  ______ FW   HK:jan
    Phalacrocorax urile 
    (monotypic)

  128. Osprey  (Misago)  (*) (ph)  ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,apr,may  HI:may  KY:jan,feb,may,dec  AM:jan,feb,may,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul  NS:jan
    Pandion h. haliaetus 
    (the single member of its genus) 

  129. Oriental Honey Buzzard  (Hachikuma)  (*)  ______ SS   HN:may
    Pernis orientalis 
    (monotypic)

  130. Black-eared Kite  (Tobi)  (*)  ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun  HI:apr,may  HK:jan,feb,may,jun,nov,dec  KY:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  OK:jan
    Milvus (migrans) lineatus

    The Black-eared Kite has been part of the Black Kite of western Eurasia & Africa.
      
  131. White-tailed Eagle  (Ojiro-washi)  (nt) (*) (ph)  ______ SS,FW  HN:jan  HK:jan,feb,jun,nov,dec
    Haliaeetus a. albicilla 

    Another name for the White-tailed Eagle has been the White-tailed Sea Eagle.




    White-tailed Eagles have been seen during FONT tours 
    in Honshu in the winter, and in Hokkaido in the winter & spring.
    The upper photo here is an adult bird. The lower photo, of an immature,
    was taken during the FONT Japan tour in January/February 2009. 
    (photo below by Karl Frafjord)


     
  132. Steller's Sea Eagle  (O-washi)  (t3) (*) (ph)  ______ FW   HN:jan  HK:jan,feb,nov,dec  
    Haliaeetus p. pelagicus 

    The Steller's Sea Eagle has also been called Steller's Fish Eagle.
    A morph, at one time called H. p. niger, all-black except for a white tail, in Korea & adjacent Siberia, may now be extinct.  

    Regarding the STELLER'S SEA EAGLE, go to:  RARE BIRDS OF JAPAN   





    The presence of the Steller's Sea Eagle is a wonderful aspect of the Hokkaido winter.
    During that season, the species occurs there in large numbers, having come from its
    breeding grounds in Siberia. 


    The Steller's Sea-Eagle is only in Japan in the winter, Nearly all of them winter in Hokkaido, 
    but we have seen the species rarely during that season in Honshu by Lake Biwa.  
    (Both of these photos were taken during FONT winter tours in Japan.)






  133. Hen Harrier  (Haiiro-chuhi)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan  HI:may  HK:jan,nov  KY:jan
    Circus cyaneus 
    (now said to be monotypic)

  134. Northern Harrier  (JAr) (ph)  ______
    Circus hudsonius 
    (now said to be monotypic)

    The Northern Harrier, of North America, has been considered conspecific with the Hen Harrier of Eurasia.     

  135. Eastern Marsh Harrier  (Chuhi)  (*)  ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,apr,may  HI:may  (has been considered by some as conspecific with the Western Marsh Harrier of Europe, and was then called Northern Marsh Harrier)
    Circus spilonotus
      (monotypic)

  136. Pied Harrier  (Madara-chuchi)  (JAr)  ______
    Circus melanoleucos  (monotypic)

    The Pied Harrier has bred rarely in Japan. Normally it breeds in northeast mainland Russia.  

  137. Northern Goshawk  (O-taka)  (*)  ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr  HK;jan,dec  OK:jan
    Accipiter gentilis fujiyamae
    Accipiter gentilis albidus: 
    a very pale, mainly white race of eastern Siberia has occurred as a vagrant in northern Japan.

  138. Eurasian Sparrowhawk  (Hai-taka)  (*) (ph)  ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,may,nov,dec  HI:may  HK:jan,jun,nov  KY:jan,feb,dec  AM:jan  OK:jan
    Accipiter nisus nisosimilis

  139. Japanese Sparrowhawk  (Tsumi)  (*)  ______  SS,FW   HI:may  KY:may  AM:jan,feb,may,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,nov
    Accipiter gularis iwasakii: 
    on the islands of Amami & Okinawa
    Sccipiter g. gularis: 
    on the main Japanese islands of Honshu & Kyushu

  140. Chinese Sparrowhawk  (Akahara-daka)  ______
    Accipiter soloensis 
    (monotypic)

    The Chinese Goshawk occurs as a migrant in Kyushu & Nansei Shoto in May & Sep/Oct.  

  141. Eastern Buzzard  (Nosuri)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun  HI:may  HK:jan,feb,may,jun,nov,dec  KY:jan,dec
    Buteo j. japonicus: 
    in most of Japan
    Buteo japonicus toyoshimai:
    endemic subspecies in the Ogasawara Islands     

    The Eastern Buzzard has been part of the Common Buzzard, Buteo buteo.

  142. Rough-legged Buzzard  (Kaeshi-nosuri)  (*) (ph)  ______  SS,FW   HN:jan  HK:jan,feb,nov,dec 
    Buteo lagopus menzbieri
    Buteo lapopus kamatschatensis

    The Rough-legged Buzzard is called the Rough-legged Hawk in the New World.

  143. Upland Buzzard  (O-nosuri)  (JAr)  ______
    Buteo hemilasius 
    (monotypic)

  144. Grey-faced Buzzard  (Sashiba)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HI:may  AM:jan,feb,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,nov
    Butastur indicus 
    (monotypic)

  145. Greater Spotted Eagle  (Karafuto-washi)  (JAr) (*)  ______ FW  KY:jan
    Aquila clanga 
    (monotypic)

  146. Golden Eagle  ______
    Aquila chrysaetos japonica

  147. Imperial Eagle  (Katashiro-washi)  (JAr)  ______
    Aquila heliaca

  148. Mountain Hawk-Eagle  (Kuma-taka)  (*) ______ FW   HN:jan  HK:dec  KY:jan,feb,dec
    Spizaetus nipalensis orientalis 
    (this subspecies of Japan rather distinct from populations on mainland Asia)

  149. Ryukyu Serpent Eagle  (Kanmuri-washi)  ______
    Spilornis perplexus

    The Ryukyu Serpent Eagle was part of the Crested Serpent Eagle.

  150. Eurasian Kestrel  (Chogenbo)  (*)  ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,may,dec  HI:may  HK:jan  KY:jan,feb,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,jul,nov
    Falco tinnunculus interstinctus

  151. Lesser Kestrel  (Hime-chogenbo)  (JAr)  ______
    Falco naumanni

  152. Merlin  (Ko-chogenbo)  (*) (ph)  ______  FW  HN:feb  HK:jan  KY:jan
    Falco columbarius pacificus

  153. Northern Hobby  (Chigo-hayabusa)  (*) ______ SS, FW   HN:jan,may  HI:may  KY:jan,jul  AM:jan
    Falco s. subbuteo

  154. Amur Falcon  (Akaashi-chogenbo)  (JAr) (*)  ______  SS   HI:may
    Falco amurensis

  155. Peregrine Falcon  (Hayabusa)  (*) (ph)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,may,dec  HI:may  HK:feb  KY:jan,feb,nov  AM:jan,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,nov
    Falco peregrinus japonensis

  156. Gyrfalcon  (Shiro-hayabusa)  (*) ______ FW   HN(po):jan  HK:jan,feb
    Falco rusticolus 
    (monotypic, but with a variation in color)

  157. Swinhoe's (or Asian Yellow) Rail  (Shima-kuina)  (*)  ______ FW   AM:dec
    Coturnicops exquisitus 
    (monotypic)  

  158. Eastern Water Rail  (Kuina)  (*)  ______ FW  KY:jan
    Rallus indicus

    The Eastern Water Rail was considered a race of the Water Rail, Rallus aquaticus.

  159. Slaty-legged Crake  (O-kuina)  ______
    Rallina eurizonoides sepiaria

    The Slaty-legged Crake has also been called the Banded Crake.

  160. Okinawa Rail  (Yambaru-kuina)  (t2) (JAe) (*) (ph)  ______  SS,FW   OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov
    Gallirallus okinawae 
    (monotypic)




    An Okinawa Rail photographed during a FONT tour.
    The species is endemic to northern Okinawa.  

  161. Ruddy-breasted Crake  (Hi-kuina)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan  HI:may  KY:jan,nov  AM:jul  OK:jan,may
    Porzana fusca erythrothorax

  162. Baillon's Crake  (Hime-kuina)  (*)  ______ FW   AM:jan,nov  OK:jan
    Porzana p. pusilla

  163. White-breasted Waterhen  (Shirohara-kuina)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   AM:jan  OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov
    Amaurornis p. phoenicurus

  164. Common Moorhen  (Ban)  (*) (ph)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,dec  HI:may  KY:jan,feb,may,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov
    Gallinula chloropus indica

  165. Watercock  (Tsuru-kuina)  (*)   ______  SP   AM:jul
    Gallicrex cinerea 
    (monotypic)

  166. Eurasian Coot  (O-ban)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun  HI:may  HK:jan  KY:jan,feb,dec  AM:jan,nov
    Fulica a. atra|

  167. Common Crane  (Kuro-zuru)  (JAr) (*) (ph)  ______ FW   KY:jan,feb,nov,dec
    Grus grus lilfordi

  168. Hooded Crane  (Nabe-zuru)  (t3) (*) (ph)  ______ FW   KY:jan,feb,nov,dec
    Grus monachus 
    (monotypic)




    Hooded Cranes (front left & right), & a Sandhill Crane (front center)
    with White-naped Cranes in the background.
    Photographed during a FONT Winter Tour in Kyushu, Japan.

     
  169. Sandhill Crane  (Kanada-zuru)  (JAr) (*) (ph)  ______ FW   KY:jan,feb,nov,dec
    Grus c. canadensis

  170. White-naped Crane  (Mana-zuru)  (t3) (*) (ph)  ______ FW   KY:jan,feb,nov,dec
    Grus vipio 
    (monotypic)

    Historically, the White-naped Crane bred in Hokkaido.




    White-naped Cranes photographed during a FONT tour in Kyushu 

  171. Red-crowned (or Japanese) Crane  (Tancho)  (t2) (*) (ph)  ______  SS,FW   HK:jan,feb,jun,nov,dec  KY:feb  
    Grus japonensis 
    (monotypic)






    Two photos above of Red-crowned Cranes,
    taken during FONT Winter Tours in Hokkaido


  172. Siberian Crane   (Sodeguro-zuru)  (t1) (JAr) (*) (ph)  ______ FW   KY:jan,feb
    Grus leucogeranus

    Regarding the SIBERIAN CRANE, go to:  RARE BIRDS OF JAPAN






    Two photos of Siberian Cranes taken during FONT Japan Winter Tours in Kyushu,
    the upper photo in 2000; the lower photo in 2004

      
  173. Demoiselle Crane  (Aneha-zuru)  (JAr) (*) (ph)  ______ FW   KY:jan,feb
    Grus
    (formerly Anthropoides) virgo  (monotypic)




    A Demoiselle Crane, with Hooded Cranes, in Kyushu 
    during a FONT Winter Tour in Japan in 2000
    (photo by Trevor Ford)


  174. Pheasant-tailed Jacana  (Renkaku)  (JAr) (*)  ______ FW   OK:nov
    Hydrophasianus chirurgus 
    (the single member of its genus)

  175. Greater Painted Snipe  (Tama-shigi)  (*)  ______  SS,FW   KY:jan  OK:jan,feb,may
    Rostratula b. benghalensis 
    (the single member of its genus)

  176. Eurasian Oystercatcher  (Miyakodori)  (JAr) (*)  ______  SS,FW  HN:apr  KY:jan
    Haematopus ostralegus osculans

  177. Black-winged Stilt  (Seitaka-shigi)  (*) (ph)  ______ SS,FW  HN:jan,apr,may,dec  KY:jan  AM:jul  OK:may 
    Himantopus h. himantopus 




    Black-winged Stilts photographed during a FONT tour in Japan
    (photo by Paul West)

  178. Pied Avocet  (Sorihashi-seitaka-shigi)  (JAr) (*)  ______ FW   KY:jan  OK:jan
    Recurvirostra avosetta 
    (monotypic)

  179. Oriental Pratincole  (Tsubame-chidori)  (*)  ______ SS   AM:may
    Glareola maldivarum 
    (monotypic)

  180. Long-billed Plover  (Ikaru-chidori)  (nt) (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,may,jun  KY:jan,nov  AM:jan
    Charadrius placidus japonicus

  181. Little Ringed Plover  (Ko-chidori)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun  HI:apr  KY:jan,nov,dec  AM:jan,may,jul,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,nov
    Charadrius dubius curonicus

  182. Common Ringed Plover  (Hajiro-ko-chidori)  (JArw) (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,may,dec  HI:may  HK:may  KY:jan  AM:dec
    Charadrius hiaticula tundrae

  183. Kentish Plover  (Shiro-chidori)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,dec  KY:jan,feb,nov,dec  AM:jan,may,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb
    Charadrius alexandrinus dealbatus 

    The Kentish Plover was considered conspecific with the Snowy Plover of North America & South America. 

  184. Lesser Sand Plover  (Medai-chidori)  (*) (ph)  ______  SS,FW   HN:apr,may  HI:may  AM:jan,may,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb  
    Charadrius mongolus stegmanni  

    The Lesser Sand Plover has been called the Mongolian Plover.




    Lesser Sand Plover

  185. Greater Sand Plover  (O-medai-chidori)  (JAr) (*)   ______ SS,FW   AM:jan,may
    Charadrius l. leschenaultii

  186. Eurasian Dotterel  (Kobashi-chidorui)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
    Charadrius morinellus 
    (monotypic)

  187. Oriental Plover  (O-chidori)  (JAr)  ______
    Charadrius veredus 
    (monotypic)

  188. Caspian Plover  (JAr)  ______
    Charadrius asiaticus 

    The Caspian Plover was considered conspecific with the Oriental Plover

  189. Pacific Golden Plover  (Munaguro)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,apr,may  HI:may  HK:jun   KY:jan  AM:jan,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,nov
    Pluvialis fulva 
    (monotypic)

  190. American Golden Plover  (Amerika-munaguro)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
    Pluvialis dominica 
    (monotypic)

  191. Grey (or Black-bellied) Plover  (Daizen)  (*) (ph)  ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,apr,may,dec  KY:jan,feb,dec  AM:jan,may,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may
    Pluvialis s. squatarola

  192. Grey-headed Lapwing  (Keri)  (nt) (*)  ______  SS,FW  HN:jan,feb,may,jun,nov  KY:dec  OK:feb
    Vanellus cinereus 
    (monotypic)

  193. Northern Lapwing  (Tageri)  (*) (ph)  ______  FW  HN:jan,feb  KY:jan,feb,nov,dec  AM:jan  OK:jan
    Vanellus vanellus 
    (monotypic)

  194. Great Knot  (Oba-shigi)  (*)  ______ SS   HN:apr,may
    Calidris tenuirostris 
    (monotypic)

  195. Red Knot  (Ko-oba-shigi)  (JAr) (*) (ph)  ______ SS  HN:may  HI:may  AM:may
    Calidris canutus rogersi

  196. Temminck's Stint  (Ojiro-tonen)  (*)  ______ FW   KY:jan,nov,dec  OK:feb
    Calidris temminckii
      (monotypic)

  197. Red-necked Stint  (Tonen)  (JArw) (*) (ph)  ______  SS,FW   HN:apr,may,dec  HI:may  KY:jan  AM:jan,may,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb   
    Calidris ruficollis 
    (monotypic)




    A Red-necked Stint in Japan
    in non-breeding plumage


  198. Little Stint  (Yoroppa-tonen)  (JAr) (*)  ______  SS   AM:may 
    Calidris minuta 
    (monotypic)

  199. Long-toed Stint  (Hibari-shigi)  (*) (ph)  ______ FW   HI:may  OK:jan,feb  
    Calidris subminuta 
    (monotypic)




    A Long-toed Stint in the spring

  200. Sanderling  (Miyubi-shigi)  (*) (ph)  ______ SS,FW  HN(p):jan,apr,may,dec  HI:may  KY:jan,nov  AM:jan,may,nov
    Calidris alba rubida

  201. Sharp-tailed Sandpiper  (Uzura-shigi)  (*) (ph)  ______ SS  HN:may  AM:may  
    Calidris acuminata 
    (monotypic)




    A Sharp-tailed Sandpiper in Japan.
    This species has been seen during FONT Japan Tours in the Spring.


  202. Curlew Sandpiper  (Saruhama-shigi)  (*) (ph)  ______ SS  HN:may  AM:may
    Calidris ferruginea
      (monotypic)




    Curlew Sandpiper
    (photo by Howard Eskin)

  203. Dunlin  (Hama-shigi)  (*) (ph)  ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,apr,may,dec  HK:jan,feb  KY:jan,feb,nov,dec  AM:jan,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb 
    Calidris alpina sakhalina 
    (other subspecies also occur in Japan: C. a. arcticola from Alaska, and C. a. kistchinskii & C. a. actites, both of these from further north in east Asia)  

  204. Pectoral Sandpiper  (Amerika-uzura-shigi)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
    Calidris melanotos

  205. Rock Sandpiper  (Chishima-shigi)  (JAr)  ______
    Calidris ptilocnemis

  206. Western Sandpiper  (Hime-hama-shigi)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
    Calidris mauri

  207. Least Sandpiper  (Amerika-hibari-shigi)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
    Calidris minutilla

  208. Baird's Sandpiper  (Hime-uzura-shigi)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
    Calidris bairdii

  209. Stilt Sandpiper  (Ashinage-shigi)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
    Calidris
    (formerly Micropalama) himantopus 

  210. Spoon-billed Sandpiper  (Hera-shigi)  (t3) (JAr)  ______
    Eurynorhynchus pygmeus 
    (monotypic)

  211. Broad-billed Sandpiper  (Kirai)  (*)   ______ SP   HN:may
    Limicola falcinellus sibirica 
    (the single member of its genus)

  212. Ruddy Turnstone  (Kyojo-shigi)  (*) (ph)  ______ SS,FW   HN:apr,may  HI:may  AM:jan,may,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may  NS:may
    Arenaria i. interpres 

  213. Ruff / Reeve  (Erimaki-shigi)  (*) (ph)  ______ FW   KY:jan  OK:jan,nov
    Philomachus pugnax 
    (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)

  214. Buff-breasted Sandpiper  (Komon-shigi)  (nt) (JAr)  ______
    Tryngites subruficollis 
    (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)

  215. Eurasian Woodcock  (Yama-shigi)  (*)  ______ FW  HN:jan  AM:dec  OK:jan,nov
    Scolopax rusticola 
    (monotypic)

  216. Amami Woodcock  (Amami-yama-shigi)  (t3) (JAe) (*) (ph)  ______  FW   AM:jan,feb,jul,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,nov
    Scolopax mira 
    (monotypic)




    An Amami Woodcock, as seen during numerous FONT tours on the island of Amami.
    The species has also been seen, though less often, during FONT tours in Okinawa. 

     
  217. Latham's (or Japanese) Snipe  (Oji-shigi)  (nt) (JAneb) (*)  ______  SS  HI:may  HK:jun
    Gallinago hardwickii 
    (monotypic)

  218. Common Snipe  (Ta-shigi)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,apr,may  HI:apr,may  KY:jan,nov  AM:jan,may  OK:jan,feb,nov 
    Gallinago g. gallinago

    The Common Snipe has been conspecific with the Wilson's Snipe of North America, Gallinago delicata.  

  219. Solitary Snipe  (Ao-shigi)  (*)   ______ FW   HN:jan
    Gallinago solitaria japonica

     
  220. Pin-tailed Snipe  (JAr) (*)  (Hario-shigi)  (JAr) (*)  ______ FW OK:jan,feb,nov
    Gallinago stenura 
    (monotypic)

  221. Swinhoe's Snipe  (JAr) (*)  (Chuji-shigi)  (JAr) (*)  ______ FW OK:jan,feb,nov
    Gallinago megola 
    (monotypic)

  222. Jack Snipe  (Ko-shigi)  (JAr) (*)  ______ SS HI:apr
    Lymnocryptes minimus 
    (monotypic, with nipponensis merged) (the single member of its genus) 

  223. Long-billed Dowitcher  (Ohasi-shigi)  (JAr)  ______
    Limnodromus scolopaceus

  224. Asian Dowitcher  (Shiberia-ohasi-shigi)  (nt) (JAr)  ______
    Limnodromus semipalmatus

  225. Spotted Redshank  (Tsuru-shigi)  (JArw) (*)  ______ FW   HN:may  OK:jan
    Tringa erythropus 
    (monotypic)

  226. Common Redshank  (Akaashi-shigi)  (JAr) (*) (ph)  ______ SP,FW   HN:may  AM:may  OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov
    Tringa totanus eurhinus
     

  227. Common Greenshank  (Aoashi-shigi)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,apr,may  HI:may  KY:jan,nov  AM:jan,may,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov
    Tringa nebularia 
    (monotypic)

  228. Nordmann's Greenshank  (Karafuto-aoashi-shigi)  (t2) (JAr)  ______  (another name is Spotted Greenshank)
    Tringa guttifer

  229. Marsh Sandpiper  (Ko-aoasi-shigi)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   AM:may  OK:jan,may,nov 
    Tringa stagnatilis
      (monotypic)

  230. Green Sandpiper  (Kusa-shigi)  (*)  ______  SS,FW   HN:apr,may  HI:apr,may  KY:jan,nov,dec  AM:jan,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,nov 
    Tringa ochropus 
    (monotypic)

  231. Wood Sandpiper  (Takabu-shigi)  (*) (ph)  ______  SS,FW   HI:may  KY:may  AM:jul  OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov
    Tringa glareola 
    (monotypic)




    Wood Sandpiper
    (photo by Howard Eskin)


  232. Greater Yellowlegs  (O-kiashi-shigi)  (JAr)  ______
    Tringa melanoleuca

  233. Lesser Yellowlegs  (Ko-kiashi-shigi)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
    Tringa flavipes

  234. Terek Sandpiper  (Sorihashi-shigi)  (*)  ______  SS   HN:may  HI:may  HK:jun  AM:may  OK:may,jul
    Xenus cinereus 
    (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)

  235. Grey-tailed (or Polynesian) Tattler  (Kiashi-shigi)  (*)  ______  SS,FW   HN:may  HI:may  HK:jun  KY:may  AM:jan,may,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov  NS:jan,may  
    Heteroscelus brevipes 
    (monotypic)

  236. Wandering Tattler  (Meriken-kiashi-shigi)  (JAr)  ______
    Heteroscelus incanus

  237. Common Sandpiper  (Iso-shigi)  (*)  ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,dec  HI:apr,may  KY:jan,feb,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,may,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may  NS:may
    Actitis hypoleucos 
    (monotypic)

  238. Eastern Black-tailed Godwit  (Oguro-shigi)  (*)  ______ SS  HI:may  OK:may
    Limosa melanuroides

  239. Bar-tailed Godwit  (O-sorihashi-shigi)  (*) (ph)  ______  SS,FW  HN:apr,may  AM:may  OK:jan,feb,may  
    Limosa lapponica baueri 


     

    Bar-tailed Godwits photographed during a FONT tour
    (photo by Paul West)

     
  240. Eurasian Curlew  (Daishaku-shigi)  (*)  ______  SS,FW  HN:may,dec  KY:jan  AM:jan  OK:jan,feb
    Numenius arquata orientalis

  241. Eastern Curlew  (Horoku-shigi)  (nt) (*)  ______ SS,FW  HN:apr,may  OK:jan,feb
    Numenius madagascariensis 
    (monotypic)

    The Eastern Curlew has been called the Far Eastern Curlew.
      
  242. "Eurasian" Whimbrel  (Chushaku-shigi)  (*) (ph)  ______ SS,FW   HN:apr,may  HI:may  AM:may  OK:jan,may,jul,nov  
    Numenius phaeopus variegatus

  243. Little Curlew  (Koshaku-shigi)  (JAr)  ______
    Numenius minutus

  244. Bristle-thighed Curlew  (Harimomo-chushaku)  (nt) (JAr)  ______
    Numenius tahitiensis  

  245. Red-necked Phalarope  (Haiiro-hireashi-shigi)  (*) (ph)  ______ SS,FW   HN(p):jan.may,jun,nov  HI:may
    Phalaropus lobatus 
    (monotypic)

  246. Red (or Grey) Phalarope  (Haiiro-hireashi-shigi)  (*) (ph)  ______  SS   HN(po):apr,may,jun
    Phalaropus fulicarius 
    (monotypic)

  247. Parasitic Jaeger (or Arctic Skua (Kuro-tozokukamome)  (*) (ph)  ______  SS   HN(po):apr
    Stercorarius parasiticus 
    (monotypic)

  248. Pomarine Skua (or Pomarine Jaeger (Tozokukamome)  (*) (ph)  ______  FW   HN(po):jan,apr,nov,dec
    Stercorarius pomarinus 
    (monotypic)

  249. Long-tailed Skua  (or Long-tailed Jaeger)  (Shirohara-tozokukamome)  (ph)  ______
    Stercorarius longicaudus

  250. South Polar Skua  (O-tozokukamo)  (*) (ph)  ______ SS  HN(po):jun 
    Catharacta
    (or Stercorarius) maccormicki  (monotypic)




    The South Polar Skua is among the 
    many pelagic species seen during our 
    spring tours, when we're on the ferry
    offshore from northern Honshu.


  251. Pallas's (or Great Black-headed) Gull  (*)  (O-zuguro-kamone) ______ FW   KY:jan
    Ichthyaetus
    (formerly Larus) ichthyaetus  (monotypic)

  252. Saunder's Gull  (t3) (*)  (Zuguro-kamome) ______ FW   KY:jan,feb  AM:jan,nov  OK:jan,feb,nov
    Saundersilarus
    (formerly Larus) saundersi  (monotypic)

  253. Relict Gull  (Gobi-zukin-kamome)  (t3) (JAr)  ______
    Ichthyaetus relictus 
    (monotypic, and the single member of its genus) 

  254. Black-headed Gull  (*) (ph)  (Yuri-kamome) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,nov,dec  HI:may  HKjan,feb,nov,dec  KY:jan,feb,dec  AM:nov  OK:jan,feb
    Chroicocephalus
    (formerly Larus) ridibundus  (monotypic)






    Black-headed Gulls are seen during FONT Japan Tours
    in the winter
    (above), and in the spring (below).
    (photos by Armas Hill)

     
  255. Brown-hooded Gull  (JAr)  ______
    Chroicocephalus
    (formerly Larus) brunnicephalus  (monotypic)

  256. Bonaparte's Gull  (Bonaparuto-kamone)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
    Chroicocephalus
    (formerly Larus) philadelphia

  257. Franklin's Gull  (Amerika-zuguro-kamome)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
    Leucophaesus
    (formerly Larus) pipixcam  

  258. Black-tailed (or Japanese) Gull  (JAneb) (*) (ph)  (Umineko) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,jul,nov,dec  HI:apr,may KY:jan,feb,dec  AM:jan,feb  OK:jan,feb  NS:jan   
    Larus crassirostris 
    (monotypic)




    Black-tailed Gull
    (photo by James Scheib)


  259. "Kamchatka Gull"  (*)  (Kamome) ______ SS,FW   HN(p):jan,feb,apr,dec  HK:jan,feb,nov,dec  KY:jan,feb
    Larus canus kamtschatschensis

    The "Kamchatka Gull" is part of the Common Gull of Eurasia, that's called the Mew Gull in North America.  

  260. Vega Gull  (*) (ph)  (Seguro-kamome) _______ SS,FW   HN(p):jan,feb,apr,may,jun,nov,dec  HI:apr,may  HK(p):jan,feb,nov,dec  KY:jan,feb,nov,dec  AM:jan  
    Larus (argentatus) vegae

    The Vega Gull is considered by some distinct from the Herring Gull of Europe, Larus argentatus, and the American Herring Gull, Larus a. smithsonianus.  






    Upper photo: a first-year Vega Gull
    Lower photo: an adult Vega Gull (left) & an adult Slaty-backed Gull (right)


  261. "Heuglin's" Gull  (*)  ______ FW   KY:feb,dec
    Larus heuglini

    The "Heuglin's" Gull has been part of the Herring Gull, Larus argentatus, and by some considered part of the Lesser Black-backed Gull.

  262. "Mongolian" Gull  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:apr  KY:jan,feb,nov,dec  
    Larus mongolicus

    The "Mongolian" Gull has been part of the "Caspian" or "Pontic" Gull, of the Yellow-legged Gull, Larus cachinnans.

  263. Thayer's Gull  (*)  (Kanada-kamome) ______ FW   HN:feb  HK:nov
    Larus thayeri 
    (monotypic)

    The Thayer's Gull is a somewhat controversial species that has been considered as a race of the "American" Herring Gull, or the Iceland Gull with which it hybridizes.   

  264. Slaty-backed Gull  (*) (ph)  (O-seguro-kamome) ______ SS,FW   HN(po):jan,feb,apr,may,jun,nov,dec  HI:may  HK(p):Jan,feb,jun,nov,dec   KY:jan,feb,dec   
    Larus schistisagus 
    (monotypic)




    A first-year Slaty-backed Gull

  265. Glaucous-winged Gull  (*)  (Washi-kamome) ______ SS,FW   HN(p):jan,feb,may,nov,dec  HI:may  HK:jan,feb,nov
    Larus glaucescens 
    (monotypic)

  266. Glaucous Gull  (Shiro-kamome)  (*) (ph) ______ SS,FW   HN(p):jan,feb,apr,may,jun,dec  HK(p):jan,feb,apr,jun,nov,dec  KY:jan
    Larus hyperboreus pallidissimus
    Larus hyperboreus barrovianus: 
    a smaller subspecies of North America that occurs rarely in Japan in the winter.

  267. Iceland Gull  (JAr) (*) (ph)  (Aisurando-kamome) ______ FW   HK:jan
    Larus glaucoides kumlieni

  268. California Gull  (JAr) (ph)  ______
    Larus californicus 
    (subspecies of this vagrant in Japan is uncertain)

  269. Ring-billed Gull  (JAr)  ______
    Larus delawarensis  

  270. Little Gull  (Hime-kamome)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
    Hydrocoloeus 
    (formerly Larus) minutus

  271. Sabine's Gull  (Kubiwa-kamome)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
    Xema sabini 
    (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)

  272. Ross' Gull (JAr) (*) (ph)  (Hime-kubiwa-kamone) ______ FW  HN:dec
    Hydrocoloeus
    (formerly Rhodostethia) rosea  (monotypic) 




    This 1st-winter Ross's Gull, a rarity on Honshu,
    was seen in Tokyo during one of our Japan winter tours.
       

  273. Ivory Gull  (Zoge-kamome) (JAr) (ph)  ______
    Pagophila eburnea 
    (monotypic, and the single member of its genus) 

  274. Black-legged Kittiwake  (*) (ph)  (Mitsuyubi-kamome) ______ SS,FW   HN(p):jan,feb,apr,nov,dec  HK:jan,jun,nov
    Rissa tridactyla 
    (now monotypic, with pollicaris merged)

  275. Red-legged Kittiwake  (Akaashi-mitsuyubi-kamome)  (t3) (JAr) (ph)  ______
    Rissa brevirostris

  276. Gull-billed Tern  (*)  (Hashibuto-ajisashi) ______ FW  OK:nov
    Gelochelidon
    (formerly Sterna) n. nilotica

  277. Roseate Tern  (nt) (*) (ph)   (Beni-ajisashi) ______ SS  AM:may,jul  OK:may
    Sterna dougallii bangsi

  278. Black-naped Tern  (*)  (Eriguro-ajisashi) ______ SS  OK:may,jul
    Sterna s. sumatrana

  279. Common Tern  (*)  (Ajisashi) ______ SS   HN:may  HK:jun KY:may
    Sterna hirundo longipennis

  280. Arctic Tern  (Kyoku-ajisashi)  (JAr)  ______
    Sterna paradisaea

    The Arctic Tern is a common nester on the Kamchatka Peninsula north of Japan. Most leave there in migration going on to the eastern Pacific, where it is fairly common in the late summer. It is rare in the western Pacific south of the Kamchatka Peninsula. 
    The Arctic Tern has occurred as a vagrant in Japan, mostly in July & August.

  281. Aleutian Tern  (Koshijiro-ajisashi)  (JAr)  ______
    Onychoprion
    (formerly Sterna) aleuticus

  282. Grey-backed (or Spectacled) Tern  (Nanyo-mamijiro-ajisashi)  (JAr)  ______
    Onychoprion
    (formerly Sterna) lunatus

  283. Bridled Tern  (Mamijiro-ajisashi)  (ph) ______
    Onychoprion anaethetus

  284. Sooty Tern  (Seguro-ajisashi)  (ph)  ______
    Onychoprion fuscatus

  285. Little Tern  (*)  (Ko-ajisashi) ______ SS  HN:apr,may,jun  AM:may  OK:may,jul  NS:may
    Sternula
    (formerly Sterna) albifrons sinensis

    The Little Tern is closely related to the Least Tern of North America.

  286. Greater Crested Tern  (O-ajisashi)  ______
    Thalasseus bergii

  287. Lesser Crested Tern  (JAr)  ______
    Thalasseus bengalensis

  288. Caspian Tern  (O-ajisashi)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
    Hydroprogne
    (formerly Sterna) caspia 

  289. Whiskered Tern  (*)  (Kurohara-ajisashi) ______ SP,FW   KY:may  AM(po):may  OK:jan,nov
    Chlidonias hybridus javanica

  290. White-winged Tern  (Hajiro-kurohara-ajisashi)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
    Chlidonias leucopterus

  291. Black Tern  (Hasiguro-kurohara-ajisashi)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
    Chlidonias n. niger 

  292. Brown Noddy  (Hime-kuro-ajisashi)  ______
    Anous stolidus

  293. Black Noddy  (Hime-kuro-ajisashi)  (JAr) ______
    Anous minutus

  294. Blue Noddy  (Hairo-ajisashi)  (JAr)  ______  (has been called Grey, or Blue-grey, Noddy)
    Procelsterna cerulea

  295. White Tern  (Shiro-ajisashi)  ______  (has been called Fairy Tern)
    Gygus alba 

  296. Common Murre (or Guillemot) (*) (ph)  (Umigarasu) ______ SS,FW   HN(po):jan,feb,apr,may,dec  HK(p):jan,feb,apr,may
    Uria aalge inornata




    Common Murre - sometimes during FONT winter tours
    many murres are seen from the ferry between Honshu & Hokkaido  
    (photo by Kim Steininger)

  297. Thick-billed Murre (or Brunnich's Guillemot) (*) (ph)   (Hashibuto-umigarasu) ______ FW   HN(po):jan  HK(p):jan,feb
    Uria lomvia arra




    Thick-billed Murre - another species seen during FONT winter tours
    between Honshu & Hokkaido, and offshore from Hokkaido  
    (photo by Alan Brady)  

  298. Spectacled Guillemot  (*)  (Keimafuri) ______ SS,FW   HN(po):jan  HK:jan,feb,jun,nov   
    Cepphus carbo 
    (monotypic)

  299. Pigeon Guillemot  (*)  (Umibato) ______ FW   HN(po):jan,dec  HK:jan
    Cepphus columba snowi

  300. Long-billed Murrelet  (*)  (Madara-umisuzume) ______ FW   HN(po):jan  HK:feb
    Brachyramphus perdix 
    (monotypic)

  301. Ancient Murrelet  (*)   (Umisuzume) ______ SS,FW   HN(p):jan,feb,apr,may,dec  HI:may  HK(p):jan,feb,apr,nov  KY:feb  
    Synthliboramphus a. antiquus  (the other subspecies, S. a, microrhynchos, at Commander Is. in northeast Asia) 

    The Japanese word "umisuzume" translates to "sea sparrow".

  302. Japanese Murrelet (t3) (JAe) (*) (ph)  (Kanmuri-umisuzume) ______ SS,FW  HN(p):apr,may,dec  KY:feb
    Synthliboramphus wumizusume 
    (monotypic)




    Japanese Murrelet
    This threatened species has been seen during the ferry trips to & from Hegura Island,
    in the Sea of Japan off the west coast of Honshu, during FONT Japan Tours in the Spring   

  303. Crested Auklet  (*)  (Etorofu-umisuzume) ______ SS,FW   HN(po):jan,apr  HK(po):jan,apr
    Aethia cristatella 
    (monotypic)

  304. Whiskered Auklet  (Shirahige-umisuzume)  (JAr)  ______
    Aethia pygmaea

  305. Least Auklet  (*) (ph)  (Ko-umisuzume) ______ FW   HN(po):jan,feb  HK(p):jan,feb
    Aethia pusilla 
    (monotypic)

  306. Parakeet Auklet  (Umiomu)  (JAr)  ______  
    Cyclorrhynchus psittacula

  307. Rhinoceros Auklet  (*)  (Utou) ______ SS,FW   HN(po):jan,apr,may,jun,nov  HI:may  HK:apr,jun
    Cerorhinca monocerata 
    (monotypic, and the single member of its genus) 

  308. Horned Puffin  (*) (ph)  (Tsunomedori) ______ SS  HK(po):apr
    Fratercula corniculata 
    (monotypic)

  309. Tufted Puffin  (JAr) (*) (ph)  (Etopirika) ______ FW  HN(po):jan  HK(po):jan
    Fratercula
    (formerly Lunda) cirrhata  (monotypic)

  310. Common (or Feral) Pigeon (i) (*)  (Dobato) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,jul,nov,dec  HI:apr,may  HK:jan,feb,may,jun,nov,dec  KY:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov  NS:may
    Columba l. livia

  311. Black Wood Pigeon (nt) (JAneb) (*)  (Karasu-bato) ______ SS,FW   HI:may  AM:jan,feb,may,jul  OK:jan,feb,may,nov
    Columba j. janthina

  312. Bonin Woodpigeon  (Ogasawara-karasu-bato)  ______  (now globally extinct)
    Columba versicolor

  313. Ryukyu Woodpigeon  (Ryukyu-karasu-bato)  ______  (now globally extinct)
    Columba jouyi

  314. Oriental Turtle Dove  (*)  (Kiji-bato) ______ SS,FW   HN(p):jan,feb,apr,may,jun,nov,dec  HI:apr,may  HK:feb,may,jun  KY:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov 
    Streotopelia orientalis
    Streotopelia o. orientalis
    (on Hokkaido, Honshu, & Kyushu)
    Streotopelia o. stimpsoni
    (on Amami & Okinawa)

  315. Red Turtle Dove  (Beni-bato)  (JA)  ______
    Streptopelia tranquebarica

  316. White-bellied Green Pigeon (nt) (*)  (Ao-bato) ______ SS,FW  HN:may  HK:jun  KY:feb,may  OK:jan
    Treron
    (formerly Sphenurus) s. sieboldii

  317. Ryukyu Green Pigeon (nt) (*) (ph)  (Zuaka-ao-bato) ______ SS,FW  AM:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul  NS:jan 
    Treron
    (formerly Sphenurus) riukiuensis   
    Treron riukiuensis permagnus 
    (on Okinawa)
    Treron riukiuensis medioximus 
    (on other Japanese islands in Nansei Shoto) 

    The Ryukyu Green Pigeon was known as the Whistling Green Pigeon when it was conspecific with the Taiwan Green Pigeon, Treron formosae.
    It has also rather inappropriately been called the Red-capped Green Pigeon. 




    A Ryukyu Green Pigeon photographed during a FONT tour in Amami
     
  318. Emerald Dove  (Kin-bato)  ______
    Chalcophaps indica

  319. Rose-ringed (or Ring-necked) Parakeet (i) (*)  (Wakake-honsei-inko) ______ SS  HN:jun
    Psittacula krameri

  320. Eurasian Cuckoo  (*)  (Kakko) ______ SS  HN:may,jun  HI:may  HK:jun  KY:may  
    Cuculus canorus telephonus

    The Eurasian Cuckoo has been called the Common Cuckoo.

  321. Oriental Cuckoo  (*)  (Tsutsudori) ______ SS  HN:may  HI:may  HK;jun  KY:may    
    Cuculus optatus 
    (formerly C. saturatus)  (monotypic)

    The Oriental Cuckoo was conspecific with the Himalayan Cuckoo, Cuculus saturatus. Another name has been Horshield's Cuckoo.

  322. Lesser Cuckoo  (*)  (Hototo-gisu) ______ SS  HN:may,jun  HI:may  KY:may  OK:may  
    Cuculus poliocephalus 
    (monotypic)

    For the Lesser Cuckoo, a former alternate name of Little Cuckoo was inappropriate as there is a bird in South America with that common English name.

  323. Northern Hawk-Cuckoo  (*)  (Juichi) ______ SS   HN:may  KY:may   
    Cuculus hyperythrus  

    The Northern Hawk-Cuckoo was part of the Hodgson's Hawk-Cuckoo.

  324. Chestnut-winged Cuckoo  (Kanmuri-kakko)  (JAr)  ______
    Clamator coromandus

  325. Asian Koel  (JAr)  ______
    Eudynamys scolopaceus chinensis

    The Asian Koel, of China, has occurred as a vagrant in southern Japan, mostly in Yonaguni, the Yaeyama Islands, but also in Kyushu.   

  326. Eastern Grass Owl  (JAr)  ______
    Tyto longimembris

    The Eastern Grass Owl was part of the Grass Owl, Tyto capensis.  

  327. Blakiston's Fish Owl (t2) (*) (ph)  (Shima-fukuro) ______ FW   HK:jan,feb,nov,dec
    Bubo b. blakistoni 
    (now genus Bubo rather than Ketupa)

    Regarding the BLAKISTON'S FISH OWL, go to:  RARE BIRDS OF JAPAN   




    The big & rare Blakiston's Fish Owl has been seen 
    during FONT Japan Tours in Hokkaido in the Late-Fall & Winter

     
  328. Eurasian Eagle Owl  (Washi-mimizuku)  (JAr)  ______
    Bubo bubo borrisowi 

  329. Snowy Owl  (Shiro-fukuro)  (JAr)  ______
    Bubo
    (formerly Nyctea) scandiaca

  330. Japanese Scops Owl  (*)  (O-konoha-zuku) ______ FW   HI:may  HK:jan  KY:may  OK:jan 
    Otus s. semitorques
    Otus semitorques pryeri: 
    resident on Nansei Shoto (Okinawa to Iriomote) & on Izu Islands. See note below.    

    The Japanese Scops Owl has been considered by some as part of the Collared Scops Owl of mainland Asia, Otus lettia.

    Otus semitorques pryeri
    may be a separate species. It is smaller and redder than O. s. semitorques, lacking toe feathers and has redder eyes. 
    Otus s. semitorques is perhaps only a summer visitor in Hokkaido. 
    Otus semitorques ussuriensis occurs in Hokkaido in the winter from further north.  

    All three of the above subspecies have been seen during FONT tours. 

  331. Oriental Scops Owl  (*)  (Konoha-zuku) ______ SS  AM:may,dec  OK:may  
    Otus sunia japonicus

    The Oriental Scops Owl was, at one time, treated as a subspecies of the Common Scops Owl, Otus scops.

  332. Elegant (or Ryukyu) Scops-Owl  (Ryukyu-konoha-zuku)  (nt) (JAneb) (*) ______ SS,FW   AM:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,nov  
    Otus e. elegans
      (other subspecies are on islands off Taiwan and the Philippines)

    The Elegant, or Ryukyu, Scops Owl was, until recently, considered part of the Celebes, or Sulawesi, Scops Owl of southeast Asian islands, Otus manadensis. 
    Prior to that, it was considered part of the Oriental Scops Owl, and, at one time, treated as a subspecies of the Common Scops Owl, Otus scops.    

  333. Brown (or Oriental) Hawk-Owl  (*)  (Aoba-zuku) ______ SS,FW   HN:jun  HI:may  AM:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  OK:jan,may,nov
    Ninox scutulata japonica

  334. Ural Owl  (*)  (Fukuro) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan  HK:jan,feb  KY:jan,may
    Strix uralensis 
    Strix u. japonica (on Hokkaido) (on that island formerly S. u. hondoensis)
    Strix u. fuscescens
    (on Kyushu)

  335. Northerrn Long-eared Owl  (*)  (Torafu-zuku) ______ SS,FW   AM:jan,feb,may
    Asio o. otus

  336. Short-eared Owl  (*) (ph)  (Komini-zuku) ______ FW  HN(p):jan,nov  HK:jan
    Asio f. flammeus

  337. Tengmalm's Owl  (Kinme-fukuro)  (JAr)  ______  
    Aegolius funereus pallens

    The Tengmalm's Owl is called the Boreal Owl in North America.

  338. Grey Nightjar  (*) (ph)  (Yotaka) ______ SS   HN:may  HI:may  KY:may   
    Caprimulgus jotaka

    The Gray Nightjar was part of the Jungle Nightjar, Caprimulgus indicus. 




    A Grey Nightjar photographed during a FONT Japan Tour in May
    on Hegura Island

  339. White-throated (or Northern) Needletail  (*)  (Hario-amatsubame) ______ SS   OK:may
    Hirundapus c. caudacutus

  340. House Swift  (*)  (Hime-amatsubame) ______ SS,FW   KY:jan,jul,nov  AM:may,dec
    Apus nipalensis subfurcatus

  341. Pacific Swift  (*)  (Amatsu-bame) ______ SS   HN:apr,may,jun  HI:may  HK:jun  OK:may,jul  
    Apus p. pacificus  

    Another name for Pacific Swift is Asian White-rumped Swift. 

  342. Common Swift  (JAr)  ______
    Apus apus

  343. Ruddy Kingfisher  (*) (ph)  (Aka-shobin) ______ SS   HI:may  KY:may,jul  AM:may,jul  OK:may,jul 
    Halcyon coromanda
    Halcyon c. major
    (on Kyushu)
    Halcyon c. bangsi
    (on Amami & Okinawa)




    Ruddy Kingfishers have been seen during FONT Japan Tours in the Spring
    in Kyushu, Amami, & Okinawa (and once on Hegura Island)


  344. Black-capped Kingfisher  (JAr) (*) (ph)  (Yama-shobin) ______ SS   HI:may
    Halcyon pileata 
    (monotypic)




    A Black-capped Kingfisher on Hegura Island during a FONT tour 

  345. White-throated Kingfisher  (JAr)  ______
    Halcyon smyrnensis

  346. Collared Kingfisher  (Nanyo-shobin)  (JAr)  ______
    Todiramphus chloris

  347. Common Kingfisher  (*) (ph)  (Kawasemi) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,nov,dec  HI:may  KY:jan,feb,may,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,may,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul
    Alcedo atthis bengalensis




    The Common Kingfisher is a brilliant jewel
    (photo by Paul West)

  348. Crested Kingfisher  (*)  (Yamasemi) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may  HK:may  KY:jan,feb,may,nov,dec 
    Ceryle lugubris
    Ceryle l. pallida
    (on Hokkaido)
    Ceryle l. lugubris 
    (on Honshu & Kyushu)

    The Crested Kingfisher was called the Greater Pied Kingfisher.

  349. Oriental Dollarbird  (*) (ph)  (Bupposo) ______ SS  HI:may  KY:may,jul  
    Eurystomus orientalis calonyx

    The Oriental Dollarbird is closely related to the Broad-billed Roller.  




    An Oriental Dollarbird on Hegura Island during a FONT tour 

  350. Eurasian Hoopoe (JAr) (*)  (Yatsugashira) ______ SS   HI:apr,may
    Upupa e. epops 
    (as U. e. saturata now merged)

  351. Eurasian Wryneck  (Arisui)  ______
    Jynx torquilla

  352. Japanese Green Woodpecker (JAe) (*) (ph)  (Ao-gera) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun  KY:jan,may,jul,nov
    Picus awokera
    Picus a. awokera 
    (on Honshu)
    Picus a. horii 
    (on Kyushu)
    (birds are larger & lighter in the north, smaller & darker in the south) 




    Japanese Green Woodpecker,
    one of the country's endemic birds 


  353. Grey-headed Woodpecker  (*)  (Yama-gera) ______ SS,FW   HK:jan.may,jun,nov
    Picus canus jessoensis

  354. Black Woodpecker  (*)  (Kuma-gera) ______ SS,FW   HK:jan,feb,jun
    Dryocopus m. martius

  355. Okinawa (or Pryer's) Woodpecker  (Noguchi-gera)  (t1) (JAe) (*) (ph)  ______ SS,FW   OK:jan,feb,may,jul
    Dendrocopos
    (formerly Sapheopipo) noguchii




    The Okinawa, or Pryer's, Woodpecker, one of the (if not the) rarest of woodpeckers.

  356. Amami (or Owston's) Woodpecker  (JAe) (*)  (O-aka-gera) ______ SS,FW   AM:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  
    Dendrocopos (formerly Picoides) (leucotos) owstoni

    The Amami (or "Owston's") Woodpecker, endemic to Amami Island, has been considered a race of the White-backed Woodpecker - the largest and darkest race of that wide-ranging species across the Palearctic.
    So distinctive is the bird on Amami, however, that it may be a full species.  

  357. White-backed Woodpecker  (*)  (O-aka-gera) ______ SS,FW   HK:jan,may,jun  KY:may
    Dendrocopos
    (formerly Picoides) leucotos subcirrus  (this subspecies endemic to Hokkaido) 

  358. Great Spotted Woodpecker  (*) (ph)  (Aka-gera) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun  HK:jan,feb,may,jun,nov,dec  KY:may,dec
    Dendrocopos
    (formerly Picoides) major japonicus




    The Japanese race of the Great Spotted Woodpecker,
    a widespread species across Eurasia

     
  359. Lesser Spotted Woodpecker  (*)  (Ko-aka-gera) ______ FW  HK:jan,nov
    Dryobates
    (formerly Dendrocopos; prior to that Picoides) minor amurensis

  360. Japanese Pygmy Woodpecker  (*) (ph)  (Ko-gera) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,nov,dec  HK:jan,feb,may,jun,nov,dec  KY:jan,may,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,may,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,nov  
    Yungipicus
    (formerly Dendrocopos; prior to that Picoides) kizuki
    Yungipicus k. ijimae  (on Hokkaido)
    Yungipicus k. seebohmi  (on Honshu)
    Yungipicus k. amamii 
    (on Amami)

    Yungipicus k. kizuki 
    (on Kyushu & Okinawa)




    A Japanese Pygmy Woodpecker photographed during a FONT tour
    (photo by Paul West)


  361. Eurasian Three-toed Woodpecker  (Miyubi-gera)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
    Picoides tridactylus inouyei 
    (subspecies seems to be nearing extinction)

  362. Rufous-bellied Woodpecker  (JAr)  ______
    Hypopicus hyperythrus

  363. White-bellied Woodpecker  ______    
    Dryocopus javensis richardsi

    The White-bellied Woodpecker is now extinct on Tsushima Island, off the west coast of Kyushu, Japan. It still exists in Korea and elsewhere in Asia.

  364. Fairy Pitta (t3) (*)  (Yairocho) ______ SS   KY:may,jul  
    Pitta nympha 
    (monotypic)

    The Fairy Pitta was, at one time, by some, considered conspecific with the Blue-winged Pitta, Pitta brachyura.  

  365. Hooded Pitta  (Zuguro-yairocho)  (JAr)  ______ 
    Pitta sordida

    The Hooded Pitta has occurred as an accidental visitor in southern Nansei Shoto.


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