Wildflowers and other plants of Eastern North America Mid-Atlantic Part 2

PO Box 9021, Wilmington, DE 19809, USA
E-mail: font@focusonnature.com
Phone: Toll-free in USA 1-888-721-3555
or 302/529-1876

Wildflowers
and some other plants
of Eastern
North America
in the
Mid-Atlantic
Region

from Pennsylvania and New Jersey
to North Carolina

Part 1:
By Families alphabetically
from Acanthus to Iris

including plants seen during Focus On Nature Tours noted with an (*)
during tours thru 2015 in the months of May, June, July, August, September, October

In this list, there are some notes relating to MEDICINAL, EDIBLE, & POISONOUS PLANTS.

The compilation of this two-part list of Plants of Eastern North America by Armas Hill

Photo at upper right: the BEARBERRY, in the Heath Family,
Photographed during a FONT tour (photo by Gerin Hood)

Among the sources for list here are the books:
"Wildflowers in the Pine Barrens of New Jersey", by Howard Boyd, published in 2001,
"Wildflowers of Delaware and the Eastern Shore", by Claude Phillips, published in 1978.
including those in Delaware, and parts of Maryland and Virginia.
"Wildflowers of Pennsylvania", by Mary Joy Haywood and Phyllis Monk, published in 2001
"Wildflowers in Color", by Arthur Stupka and Donald Robinson, published in 1965,
referring to those in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, particularly in the Shenandoah and Great Smoky National Parks.

More books used as informational sources follow here, after the codes.

Among the Plant Families in this list, links to these:

Acanthus Agave Amaranth Aralia (or Ginseng) Arum (or Calla) Balsam Barberry

Beech (incl. Oaks) Bellflower (or Bluebell) Bignonia Birch Bittersweet (or Staff-vine)

Bladderwort (or Birthwort)    Bloodwort    Bogbean    Bogmoss    Borage (or Forget-me-not)

Broomrape    Buckthorn    Bunchflower    Bur-reed    Buttercup (or Crowfoot)    Cactus    Caltrop

Camellia (or Tea)    Cattail    Clubmoss    Custard-apple    Cypress    Cyrilla    Daisy (or Aster)

Diapensia    Dogbane    Dogwood   Duckweed    Ebony    Elm    Evening Primrose (or Willow Herb)

Ferns    Fig-marigold (or Carpetweed)    Figwort (or Snapdragon)    Flax    Flowering-rush

Four o'clock    Fumitory (or Earthsmoke)    Gentian    Geranium   Gooseberry    Goosefoot    Gourd

Grape    Grass    Greenbriar    Heath    Hemp    Holly    Honeysuckle    Hydrangea

Hypoxis (or Daffodil)    Iris

Families below in: Wildflowers and Other Plants of Eastern North America, Mid-Atlantic, Part 2

Knotweed (or Dock, Buckwheat, Smartweed) Laurel Legume (or Pea) Lichen Lily

Lizard's-tail Logania Loosestrife Lopseed Lotus Madder Magnolia Mallow

Meadow-beauty Milkweed Milkwort Mint Morning Glory Mulberry Mustard Nettle

Nightshade (or Potato) Olive Orchid Palm Parnssus-grass Parsley (or Celery)

Passionflower Phlox (or Polemonium) Pickerelweed (or Water Hyacinth) PIne Pineapple

Pink (or Carnation) Pipewort Pitcher-plant Plantain Plumbago (or Sea Lavender)

Pokeweed Pondweed Poppy Primrose Purslane Rockrose Rose Rue (or Citrus)

Sandalwood (with Mistletoe)    Saxifrage    Soapberry (incl. Maples)    Spiderwort    Spurge

St. John's Wort    Stonecrop    Storax    Sumac (or Cashew)    Sundew    Sweetleaf    Sweetshrub

Sycamore    Teasel    Valerian    Vervain    Violet    Walnut    Waterleaf    Water-lily    Water-milfoil

Water-plantain Wax-myrtle White Alder Willow Witch-hazel Wood-sorrel Yam

Yellow-eyed Grass

AN ALPHABETICAL DIRECTORY OF PLANT GENERA IN THIS WEBSITE NOTING FAMILIES

Additional Links:

Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours in:

North Carolina, and Delaware, Maryland & Virginia Elsewhere

In this website, Other Lists & Photo Galleries of Eastern North American:

Butterflies Moths Dragonflies & Damselflies Amphibians & Reptiles Mammals

A List & Photo Gallery of North American Birds, in 6 parts North Carolina Birds

In this website, Other Lists & Photo Galleries relating to Plants:

Desert Plants of the Southwest US & northern Mexico

Northern Plants in Alaska, Iceland, and Hokkaido, Japan

Tropical Plants in the Americas (in two parts, including the Caribbean, Mexico, Central and South America)

Plants of the West Indies Fruiting Plants and Others in Brazil Wild Orchids of the Americas

Other Photo Galleries of Plants Directory of Photos in this Website

HERE'S A LINK TO CHAD KREMP'S WEBSITE RELATING TO POISONOUS PLANTS:

http://www.kremp.com/the-hikers-guide-to-poisonous-plants-articles.htm

Codes:

DP:   Delmarva Peninsula (including Delaware and parts of Maryland and Virginia)
NJ:    New Jersey, including in southern New Jersey, the Pine Barrens
PA:   Pennsylvania
SA:   southern Appalachians (including in Shenandoah National Park in Virginia and
         the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in North Carolina)

(ph): species with a photo or drawing in the FONT website

Numbers noted as (NA:xx) refer to photo numbers in the "National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers, Eastern Region" - Revised Edition (2001). Revising author: John Thierer. Original author: William Niering

Numbers noted as (NW:xx) refer to pages with photos in the "National Wildlife Federation Field Guide to Wildflowers of North America" by David Brandenburg, 2010.

Numbers noted as (SP:xx) refer to the numbers of the photos in "The Smithsonian Guide to Seaside Plants of the Gulf and Atlantic Coasts" by Wilbur and Marion Duncan, 1987.

Numbers noted as (ST:xx) refer to the page with an illustration in "The Sibley Guide to Trees" by David A. Sibley, 2009.

Numbers noted as (WP:xx) refer to the page with a photograph in the book "Wildflowers of Pennsylvania" by Mary Joy Haywood & Phyllis Monk, 2001. Overall, the photographs in that book are excellent.

An enjoyable and informative book to read is "Wild Plants of America: A Select Guide for the Naturalist and Traveler" by Richard M. Smith, 1989.
Among the places covered in the book, also included in the scope of this list, are the New Jersey Pine Barrens, the Southern Appalachians, the pinelands of North Carolina, and coastal North Carolina.
Some of the interesting information in the book has been incorporated into this list. Line drawings in the list are from that book.

Another good book, filled with info and used here as a source, is "The Backyard Wilderness, from the Canadian Maritimes to the Florida Keys", by Vincent Abraitys, 1975.
A historical book, good as a reference, is "The Plants of Southern New Jersey: Report of the New Jersey State Museum Part 2", by Witmer Stone, 1911.
Among sources for info given here relating to the host plants of butterflies and moths are:
"Butterflies of the East Coast, an Observer's Guide", by Rick Cech and Guy Tudor, 2005, and
the "Peterson Field Guide to Moths of Northeastern North America" by David Beadle and Seabrook Leckie, 2012.
The book "Wild America" by Roger Tory Peterson and James Fisher, 1955 is also referred to in this list.
And yet another fine book has been a good source of information: "The Appalachians" by Maurice Brooks, 1965.




Part One of a List of Wildflowers and some Other Plants
of Eastern North America in the Mid-Atlantic Region:

Acanthus to Iris


      Acanthus Family, ACANTHACEAE

Branched Foldwing ______ (NW:46)
Dicliptera resupinata
American Water Willow ______ (NA:603) (NW:46) (WP:257) DP PA Jun-Oct.
Justicia americana
Carolina Ruellia _____ (NW:47) NJ
Ruellia caroliniensis

Another name for Ruellia caroliniensis is Carolina Petunia. In New Jersey, it is classified as endangered.
Fringe-leaf Ruellia ______ (NW:47) SA
Ruellia humilis
Smooth Ruellia ______ (NW:47) (WP:256) NJ PA May-Jul.
Ruellia strepens

Other names for Ruellia strepens are Limestone Ruellia, or Limestone Petunia.

Agave Family, AGAVACEAE

Plants in the Yucca genus were included in the Lily Family, LILIACEAE.
Spanish-bayonet ______ (SP:431) NC Generally common, north to NC. May-Jul.
Yucca aloifolia
Adam's Needle ______ (NA:136) SA Occasional, north to VA. Apr-Sep.
Yucca filamentosa

Another name for Yucca filamentosa is Silkgrass.
Beargrass ______ (SP:432) DP Occasional, north to MA. Apr-Sep.
Yucca flaccida (or smalliana) (or part of Yucca filamentosa)
Mound-lily Yucca ______ (SP:430) NC Generally common, north to NC. Aug-Nov.
Yucca gloriosa

Amaranth Family, AMARANTHACEAE
Water-hemp ______ (SP:23) Generally common, FL to ME, common in north, rare in south, Jul-first frost.
Acnida (or Amaranthus) cannabina
Alligator-weed ______ (NW:564) (SP:25) north to sVA, Apr-first frost.
Alternanthera philoxeroides

***********************************************************

Regarding species that follow below in the genus Amaranthus:

Though regarded as common weeds, Amaranthus species produce tremendous amounts of seed-like fruits, which are an important food source for many songbirds.
Seabeach Amaranth _____ (SP:22) NJ Occasional, from SC north to RI, Jun-first frost.
Amaranthus pumilus

In New Jersey, the Seabeach Amaranth is classified as endangered. Federally, it is classified as threatened.
Red-root Amaranth ______ (NA:22) NJ (not native to eastern North America, from tropical America)
Amaranthus retroflexus

Other names for Amaranthus retroflexus are Green Amaranth and Pigweed.
Thorny Pigweed ______ (NA:23)
Amaranthus spinosus
Florida Cottonweed ______ (NW:53) (SP:24) DP Occasional, north to Nova Scotia, Jun-Oct.
Froelichia floridana

Another name for Froelichia floridana is Snake-Cotton.
Iresine ______ (NW:53) (SP:26) Occasional, north to MD, Aug-first frost
Iresine rhizomatosa

Another name for Iresine rhizomatosa is Juda's Bush.

Aralia, or Ginseng Family, ARALIACEAE
Bristly Sarsaparilla ______ (NW:77) (WP:183) NJ PA Jun-Aug.
Aralia hispida
Wild Sarsaparilla ______ (NA:169) (NW:77) (SP:145) (WP:184) DP PA SA Occasional, nVA north to Newfoundland, May-Jul.
Aralia nudicaulis
American Spikenard ______ (NW:77) (WP:184) DP PA Jun-Aug.
Aralia racemosa
Hercules'-club ______ (SP:543) Occasional, north to MD. Jun-Sep.
Aralia spinosa

Another name for Aralia spinosa is Devil's-walking-stick.
American Ginseng ______ (NA:429) (NW:76) (WP:185) DP NJ PA Jul-Aug.
Panax quinquefolius
Dwarf Ginseng (ph) ______ (NA:171) (NW:76) (WP:185) DP PA Apr-Jun.
Panax tripholius

Dwarf Ginseng

Arum, or Calla, or Sweet Flag Family, ARACEAE
Sweetflag (or Calamus) ______ (WP:325) DP PA May-Aug.
Acorus calamus
Green Dragon ______ (NA:333) (NW:75) (WP:327) DP PA May-Jun.
Arisaema dracontinum
Jack-in-the-Pulpit ______ (NA:381) (NW:75) (WP:326) DP NJ PA SA Apr-Jun.
Arisaema triphyllum
Arisaema triphyllum stewardsonii ______ Northern Jack-in-the-Pulpit : subspecies in NJ

Another name for Arisaema triphyllum is Indian Turnip.
Water Arum (or Wild Calla) ______ (NA:331) South to MD
Calla palustris
Golden Club ______ (NW:74) (WP:328) DP NJs PA Apr-Jun.
Orontium aquaticum
White Arrow Arum ______ (NW:74)
Peltandra sagittifolia
Arrow Arum ______ (NW:74) (WP:329) DP PA May-Jul.
Peltandra virginica

Another name for Peltandra virginica is Tuckahoe.
Skunk-cabbage (ph) ______ (NA:391) (NW:75) (WP:330) DP NJ PA Feb-Apr.
Symplocarpus foetidus

Above & below: Skunk-cabbage
(photo below by Rise Hill)

Balsam, or Touch-me-not Family, BALSAMINACEAE
Orange Touch-me-not ______ (NA:365) (NW:153) (SP:113) (WP:182) DP PA SA Generally common, VA north to Newfoundland, Jun-first frost.
Impatiens capensis

Another name for Impatiens capensis is Orange Jewelweed. It is also called the Spotted Touch-me-not.
Yellow Touch-me-not ______ (NA:305) (NW:153) (WP:181) DP PA Jul-Sep.
Impatiens pallida

Other names for Impatiens pallida are Pale Jewelweed and Yellow Jewelweed.

Barberry Family, BERBERIDACEAE
Common Barberry ______ (NA:345)
Berberis vulgaris
Blue Cohosh ______ (NA:2) (NW:154) (WP:37) DP PA SA Apr-Jun.
Caulophyllum thalictroides
Umbrella-leaf ______ (NW:155) SA
Diphylleta cymosa
Twinleaf ______ (NA:66) (NW:155) (WP:38) NJ PA Apr-May.
Jeffersonia diphylla

Jeffersonia diphylia is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
Common Mayapple ______ (NA:67) (NW:156) (WP:36) DP PA SA Apr-Jun.
Podophyllum peltatum

Another name for Podophyllum peltatum is Mandrake.

Beech Family, FAGACEAE
American Chestnut (ph) ______ (ST:175)
Castanea dentata

Before about 1930, the American Chestnut was a common forest tree in eastern North America. Its edible nuts were consumed by both wildlife and humans. The tree was also useful for lumber as it had a strong, yet light, rot-resistant wood.
But around that time, the Chestnut blight, a fungal disease introduced into New York from Asia, quickly spread and destroyed virtually all of the mature chestnut trees.
Thus, sadly, it has disappeared as a large tree. It grew to a height of 100 feet, or more.
Infected trees continued to sprout from roots as a fairly common understory shrub or small tree.
Efforts to develop a blight-resistant strain of the American Chestnut, mostly through hybridization with the Chinese Chestnut, Castanea mollissima, have had some positive results.

Leaves of resprouts of the American Chestnut, in northeastern Pennsylvania
in May 2015   (photo by Rise Hill)
It is very small but on the stem there is a little white caterpillar, looping as it goes along.
(also in the insert below)

The American Chestnut is a host plant for the caterpillars of these moths and butterflies, among others:
Early Button Slug, Tortricidia testacea
Red-eyed Button Slug, Heterogenea shurtleffi
Yellow-shouldered Slug, Lithacodes fasciola
Skiff Moth, Prolimacodes badia
Double-lined Gray Moth, Cleora sublunaria
Small Phigalia, Phigalia strigataria
Hollow-spotted Plagodis, Plagodis alcoolaria
Filament Bearer, Nematocampa resistaria
Wavy-lined Emerald Moth, or Camouflaged Looper, Synchlora aerata
Common Tan Wave. Pleuroprucha insulsaria
Orange-striped Oakworm, Anisota senatoria
Blinded Sphinx, Paonias excaecatus
Allegheny Chinquapin ______ (SP:455) (ST:176) NJ Occasional, north coastally to sVA, inland to PA.
Castanea pumila (var. ashei)

Castanea pumila is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
American Beech ______ (SP:454) (ST:173) Occasional, VA north to Nova Scotia.
Fagus grandifolia

Oaks, in the genus Quercus (below), are host plants for the moth Acronicta afflicta, the Afflicted Dagger.
Eastern White Oak ______ (SP:466) (ST:206) Occasional, north to ME & Quebec.
Quercus alba

The White Oak is a host plant for the butterflies: Satyrium favonius, the (Northern) Oak Hairstreak, Satyrium calanus, the Banded Hairstreak.
Swamp White Oak (or Swamp Oak) ______ (ST:208)
Querus bicolor

As of 2007, the largest known Swamp White Oak in the US has been in Franklin Township, New Jersey.
Its circumference: 272 inches. Its height: 97 feet.
Scarlet Oak ______ (SP:458) (ST:187) Occasional, north to ME.
Quercus coccinea

The Scarlet Oak is a host plant for the butterfly Satyrium edwardsii, the Edwards' Hairstreak.

The Scarlet Oak (as its name implies) is one of the oak trees known for its brilliant fall coloration.
Others with bright red leaves in the fall include the Northern Red Oak and Pin Oak (both below).

As of 2012, the largest known Scarlet Oak in the US has been in Mercer County, New Jersey.
Its circumference: 201 inches. Height: 128 feet.
Southern Red Oak ______ (SP:460) (ST:189) Generally common, north to NY.
Quercus falcata

Another name for Quercus falcata is Spanish Oak.
Sand Live Oak ______ (ST:223) NC
Quercus geminata
Darlington Oak ______ (ST:194) Generally common, north to VA.
Quercus hemisphaerica

Quercus hemisphaerica has been called the Laurel Oak. It was part of the Swamp Laurel Oak (below).

As of 2012, the largest known Darlington Oak in the US has been in Richmond, Virginia.
Its circumference: 261 inches. Height: 76 feet.
Bear Oak ______ (SP:462) (ST:192) NJs Generally common, NJ north to ME.
Quercus ilicifolia

Another name for Quercus ilicifolia is Scrub Oak. It is a host plant for the butterfly Satyrium edwardsii, the Edward's Hairstreak.
Shingle Oak ______ (ST:197) NJ
Quercus imbricaria

Quercus imbricaria is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
Bluejack Oak ______ (SP:465) (ST:198) Occasional, north to sVA.
Quercus incana (or cinerea)

The Bluejack Oak is a host plant for the butterfly Satyrium calanus, the Banded Hairstreak.
American Turkey Oak ______ (SP:461) (ST:191) NC Occasional, north to NC.
Quercus laevis

The American Turkey Oak is a host plant for the butterfly, Satyrium edwardsii, the Edwards' Hairstreak.
Swamp Laurel Oak ______ (SP:464) (ST:194) Occasional, north to VA.
Quercus laurifolia

Quercus laurifolia has also been called the Diamond-leaved Oak. It is a host plant for the butterfly Satyrium favonius, the (Northern) Oak Hairstreak.
Overcup Oak ______ (ST:207) NC NJ
Quercus lyrata

Quercus lyrata is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
Sand Post Oak ______ (ST:213) NC
Quercus margarettae
Blackjack Oak ______ (SP:457) (ST:193) NJ Generally common, north to PA & NJ.
Quercus marilandica
Basket Oak ______ (ST:207) NJ
Quercus michauxii (was Quercus prinus)

Another name for Quercus michauxii is Swamp Chestnut Oak.

As of 2009, a record for the largest known Basket Oak in the US has been in Kent County, Maryland.
Its circumference: 294 inches. Its height: 106 feet.
Chestnut Oak ______ (ST:210)
Quercus montana (was Quercus prinus)

The Chestnut Oak is a host plant for the butterfly Satyrium calanus, the Banded Hairstreak.

As of 2003, a record for the largest known Chestnut Oak in the US has been in Arnold County, Maryland.
Its circumference: 282 inches. Height: 99 feet.
With another in 2012 in Washington DC with a circumference: 276 inches. But with a height of 105 feet.
Common Chinkapin Oak ______ (ST:210) NJ
Quercus muehlenbergii

Another name for Quercus muehlenbergii is Yellow Oak.
Water Oak ______ (SP:456) (ST:196) NJ Generally common, north to DE.
Quercus nigra

Quercus nigra is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
Cherrybark Oak ______ (ST:189) NC
Quercus pagoda

Other names for Quercus pagoda are Pagoda Oak or Swamp Red Oak.
Pin Oak ______ (ST:186)
Quercus palustris
Willow Oak ______ (ST:195)
Quercus phellos

As of 2007, a record for the largest known Willow Oak in the US has been in Chesapeake, Virginia.
Its circumference: 301 inches. Height: 131 feet.
In 2013, in Eastville, Virginia another with a circumference : 328 inches. Height: 105 feet.
Northern Red Oak ______ (ST:184) Generally common, north to Nova Scotia.
Quercus rubra
Shumard Oak ______ (ST:188) NC
Quercus shumardii

Other names for Quercus shumardii are Leopard Oak or Spotted Oak.
Common Post Oak ______ (SP:467) (ST:212) NJs Generally common, north to PA & NJ.
Quercus stellata

The Post Oak is a host plant for the butterfly Satyrium favonius, the (Northern) Oak Hairstreak.
Eastern Black Oak ______ (SP:459) (ST:185) Generally common, north to ME.
Quercus velutina

The Eastern Black Oak is a host plant for the butterfly Satryium edwardsii, the Edwards' Hairstreak.

Bellflower, or Bluebell Family, CAMPANULACEAE

CAMPANULACEAE includes what was LOBELIACEAE, the LOBELIA FAMILY
Tall Bellflower ______ (WP:262) PA SA Jun-Aug.
Campanula americana
Bedstraw Bellflower ______ (NW:185) DP
Campanula aparinoides

Another name for Campanula aparinoides is Marsh Bellflower.
Southern Harebell ______ (NW:184) SA
Campanula divaricata
Clustered Bellflower ______ (WP:262) PA Jun-Jul. (not native to eastern North America, from Europe)
Campanula glomerata
Creeping Bellflower ______ (NW:576) (WP:263) PA Jul-Sep. (not native to eastern North America, from Eurasia)
Campanula rapunculoides
Harebell ______ (NA:622) (NW:184) (WP:261) PA Jun-Sep.
Campanula rotundifolia

Campanula rotundifolia is also called Bluebell.
Tall Bellflower ______ (NA:627) (NW:185)
Campanulastrum americanum

Another name for Campanulastrum americanum is American Bellflower.
Boykin's Lobelia ______ NJ
Lobelia boykinii

Lobelia boykinii is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
Canby's Lobelia ______ NJ
Lobelia canbyi
Cardinal Flower (ph) ______ (NA:413) (NW:187) (SP:238) (WP:263) DP PA SA Occasional, north to New Brunswick. Jul-Oct.
Lobelia cardinalis

The Cardinal Flower is a favorite of hummingbirds.

Above: Cardinal Flower (photo by Rise Hill)
Below: the Ruby-throated Hummingbird,
a species attracted to Lobelia cardinalis
(photo below by Marie Gardner)
Water Lobelia ______ (NW:187) NJ
Lobelia dortmanna

Lobelia dortmanna is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
Long-leaved Lobelia ______ (SP:239) DP Occasional, north to DE. Aug-Oct.
Lobelia elongata

Another name for Lobelia elongata is Purple Lobelia.
Indian Tobacco ______ (NA:584) (WP:264) DP PA Jul-Oct.
Lobelia inflata
Brook Lobelia ______ (NW:187) (WP:264) PA Jul-Sep.
Lobelia kalmii

Lobelia kalmii is also called Kalm's Lobelia.
Nuttall's Lobelia ______ DP NJs Rare, north to NY. May-first frost.
Lobelia nuttallii
Downy Lobelia ______ (NW:187) DP
Lobelia puberula

Another name for Lobelia puberula is the Purple Dewdrop.
Great Lobelia ______ (NA:628) (NW:187) (WP:261) DP PA SA Aug-Sep.
Lobelia siphilitica
Pale-spiked Lobelia ______ (NA:582) (NW:187) (WP:265) DP PA Jun-Sep.
Lobelia spicata (var. campanulata)

Lobelia spicata is also called Spiked Lobelia.
Specularia (or Triodanis) biflora ______ Rare, north to sVA. Mar-Jun.
Venus' Looking-glass ______ (NA:610) (NW:186) (SP:237) (WP:265) DP PA SA Generally common, north to ME. Apr-Jul.
Specularia (or Triodanis) perfoliata (var. biflora) (was Specularia speculum-veneris)

MEDICINAL USE:

American native people (the Cherokee) steeped the roots of Venus' Looking-glass with pasts of other plants and drank it for indigestion.

Bignonia, or Trumpet Creeper Family, BIGNONIACEAE
Cross-vine ______ (NW:156) (SP:576) SA Occasional, north to VA. Mar-May.
Bignonia (or Anisostichus) capreolata
Trumpet Creeper (ph) ______ (NA:422) (NW:156) (SP:577) (WP:258) PA Generally common, north to NJ. May-Oct.
Campsis radicans

Campis radicans is also called Trumpet-vine. Another name is Devil's Shoestrings.

Trumpet Creeper
(photo by Marie Gardner)

Birch Family, BETULACEAE
Seaside Alder ______ (ST:164) Rare, MD and sDE.
Alnus maritima

Another name for Alnus maritima is Brook Alder.
Speckled Alder ______ (ST:162) Occasional, north to Newfoundland.
Alnus incana (or rugosa)

Alders (in the genus Alnus) are the main host plants for the butterfly Feniseca tarquinius, the Harvester.
Females of the butterfly lay their eggs alongside a Wooly Aphid colony.
Smooth Alder ______ (ST:159) Generally common, north to New Brunswick.
Alnus serrulata

Various birches (in the genus below, Betula) are host plants for the butterfly Limenitis arthemis astyanax, the Red-spotted Purple.
Yellow Birch ______ (ST:156) PA
Betula alleghaniensis
Heartleaf Birch ______ (ST:152) PA
Betula cordifolia
Sweet Birch ______ (ST:157) PA
Betula lenta
River Birch ______ (ST:158) Occasional, north to MA.
Betula nigra
Gray Birch ______ (ST:153) NJ Occasional, north to Nova Scotia.
Betula populifolia

As of 2007, a record for the largest known Gray Birch in the US has been in Middle Township, Cape May County, New Jersey.
Its circumference: 95 inches. Height: 48 feet.
American Hornbeam ______ (ST:169)
Carpinus caroliniana

The American Hornbeam is a host plant for the butterfly Satyrium liparops, the Striped Hairstreak.
American Hazelnut ______ (SP:450) Rare, north to MA.
Corylus americana
Beaked Hazelnut ______ (ST:170) Rare, north to Newfoundland.
Corylus cornuta
Eastern Hophornbeam (*) ______ (SP:449) (ST:167) PA Occasional, north to Nova Scotia.
Ostrya virginiana

Bittersweet, or Staff-vine Family, CELESTRACEAE
Climbing Bittersweet ______ (WP:167) PA May-Jun.
Celastrus scandens

Celastrus acandens is also called American Bittersweet.
Strawberry-bush ______ SA
Euonymus americanus
Running Strawberry-bush ______ (WP:168) PA May-Jun.
Euonymus obovatus

Bladderwort, or Birthwort Family, ARISTOLOCHIACEAE

ARISTOLOCHIACEAE has been called the DUTCHMAN'S PIPE FAMILY.
Dutchman's Pipe (ph) ______ (NA:376) (NW:78) PA(rare) SA
Aristolochia durior

When this drawing was made, the Dutchman's Pipe was Aristolochia macrophylla.
Virginia Snakeroot (or Birthwort) ______ (WP:14) NJ PA May-Jun.
Aristolochia serpentaria
Canada Wild Ginger (ph) ______ (NA:373) (NW:78) (WP:13) DP PA SA Apr-May.
Asarum canadense

Canada Wild Ginger
Arrowhead Heartleaf ______ (NW:77)
Hexastylis arifolia

Another name for Hexastylis arifolia is Little-brown-jug.
Virginia Heartleaf ______ (NW:77)
Hexastylis virginica
Two-flowered Bladderwort ______ DP NJ Rare, north to MA. Jun-Oct.
Utricularia biflora

Utricularia biflora is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
Horned Bladderwort ______ (NA:342) (WP:260) DP NJ PA Jun-Sep.
Utricularia cornuta
Fibrous Bladderwort ______ NJs
Utricularia fibrosa
Humped Bladderwort ______ DP NJ
Utricularia gibba
Swollen Bladderwort (ph) ______ (NA:341) (SP:220) DP NJ Rare. north to NY. Feb-Nov.
Utricularia inflata

Utricularia inflata is also called Floating Bladderwort.

Swollen, or Floating Bladderwort
Rush Bladderwort ______ DP
Utricularia juncea
Purple Bladderwort ______ (SP:222) (WP:260) DP NJ PA Occasional, north to Nova Scotia. Apr-Oct.
Utricularia purpurea
Small Swollen Bladderwort ______ NJ Rare, north to Nova Scotia. Mar-Nov.
Utricularia radiata
Reversed Bladderwort (or Reclined Bladderwort) ______ DP NJ
Utricularia resupinata

Another name for Utricularia resupinata is Horned Purple Bladderwort.
In New Jersey, it is classified as endangered.
Wiry Bladderwort ______ (SP:221) Generally common, north to Nova Scotia. Mar-Sep.
Utricularia subulata
Common Bladderwort ______ (WP:259) DP PA May-Sep.
Utricularia vulgaris (or macrorhiza)

Bloodwort Family, NARTHECIACEAE
Red-root ______ NJ
Lachnanthes caroliniana (or tinctoria)
Golden-crest ______ NJ
Lophiola aurea

Bogbean, or Buckbean Family, MENYANTHACEAE
Buck-bean ______ (NA:212) (NW:348) (WP:210) NJ PA Apr-Jul.
Menyanthes trifoliata

Menyanthes trifoliata is also called Bog-bean.
Big Floating-heart ______ (NA:205) (NW:349) (SP:167) DP Occasional, north to sNJ. Apr-Sep.
Nymphoides aquatica

Nymphoides aquatica is called the Banana Plant, due to its banana-shaped roots.
Little Floating-heart ______ (NW:349) NJ Rare, NJ north to Newfoundland. Apr-Sep.
Nymphoides cordata

Bogmoss or Mayaca Family, MAYACACEAE
Bogmoss ______ (NW:347) NC
Mayaca fluviatilis

Borage Family, BORAGINACEAE

BORAGINACEAE has also been called the FORGET-ME-NOT FAMILY.
Hound's Tongue ______ (NW:572) (WP:218) PA May-Jul. (not native to eastern North America, from Eurasia
Cynoglossum officinale

Another name for Cynoglossum officinale is Beggar's Lice.
Wild Comfrey ______ (NW:158) DP NJ
Cynoglossum virginianum
Cynoglossum virginianum (var. boreale) ______ Northern Wild Comfrey: NJ where classified as endangered.
Cynoglossum virginianum (var. virginianum) ______ NJ
Viper's Bugloss ______ (NW:573) (WP:218) PA SA Jun-Sep. (not native to eastern North America, from Europe)
Echium vulgare

Another name for Echium vulgare is Blueweed.
Virginia Stickseed ______ (NW:159) DP
Hackelia virginiana
Marsh Heliotrope ______ (NW:163) (SP:185) Generally common, north to DE. May-Oct.
Heliotropium curassavicum

Other names for Heliotropium curassavicum are Salt Heliotrope and Seaside Heliotrope.
Corn Gromwell ______ (WP:219) DP PA SA Apr-Jun. (not native to eastern North America, from Europe)
Lithospermum arvense
Hoary Puccoon ______ (NA:360) (NW:161) (WP:219) NJ PA May-Jul.
Lithospermum canescens

"Puccoon" is a Native American word for a number of plants that yield dyes.
Similar to Lithospermum canescens is Lithospermum caroliniense ______ PA
Virginia Bluebells ______ (NA:522) (NW:162) (WP:220) DP NJ PA Mar-May.
Mertensia virginica

Another name for Mertensia virginica is Virginia Cowslip.
Small Forget-me-not ______ (NW:158) DP
Myosotis laxa
Bristly White Forget-me-not ______ DP
Myosotis macrosperma
Blue Mist Forget-me-not ______ DP
Myosotis micrantha
True Forget-me-not ______ (NA:635) (WP:217) DP PA May-Oct. (not native to eastern North America, from Europe)
Myosotis scorpioides
White Forget-me-not ______ (NW:159) DP NJ
Myosotis verna

Another name for Myosotis verna is Spring Forget-me-not.
Pale Forget-me-not ______ DP
Myosotis versicolor
Virginia Marbleseed ______ (NW:162)
Onosmodium bejariense

Broomrape Family, OROBANCHACEAE
Squaw-root ______ (NA:329) (NW:395) (WP:255) DP PA SA May-Jun.
Conopholis americana

Squaw-root is parasitic on the roots of oaks.
Beech-drops ______ (NA:378) (NW:396) (WP:255) DP PA SA Aug-Oct.
Epifagus virginiana

Beech-drops is parasitic on the roots of beech.
Clover Broomrape ______ DP
Orobanche minor
Naked Broomrape ______ (NA:95) (NW:395) (WP:254) DP PA SA Apr-Jun.
Orobanche uniflora

Other names for Orobanche uniflora are One-flowered Broomrape or Cancer-root.

Buckthorn Family, RHAMNACEAE
Rattan-vine ______ (SP:527) Generally common, north to VA. Flowers Apr-May.
Berchemia scandens

Another name for Berchemia scandens in Supple-jack.
New Jersey Tea ______ (NA:172) (NW:470) (WP:170) PA SA May-Sep.
Ceanothus americanus

Bunchflower Family, TOFIELDIA

has been included in LILIACEAE
Coastal False Asphodel ______ (NW:298) NJ (rare)
Tofieldia racemosa

Another name for Tofieldia racemosa is Viscid Asphodel. In New Jersey, it is classified as endangered.

Bur-reed Family, SPARGANIACEAE
American Bur-reed ______ (NA:36) (NW:550) (WP:333) PA May-Aug.
Sparganium americanum
Giant Bur-reed ______ (NW:550)
Sparganium eurycarpum

Buttercup, or Crowfoot Family, RANUNCULACEAE
White Monkshood ______ (NW:467) SA
Aconitum reclinatum

Monkshoods are also called Aconites and Wolfbanes. By whatever name, they are poisonous.
They should not be confused with Larkspurs (below), which have flowers spurred, not hooded.
Southern Blue Monkshood ______ (NA:593) (NW:467) (WP:20) PA SA Aug-Oct.
Aconitum uncinatum
Red Baneberry ______ (NA:114)
Actaea rubra
White Baneberry ______ (NA:112) (NW:454) (WP:21) PA SA May-Jun.
Actaea pachypoda (or Actaea alba)

Another name for Actaea pachypoda is Doll's Eyes.
Round-lobed Hepatica ______ (NA:452)
Anemone americana
Canada Anemone ______ (NW:458) NJ
Anemone canadensis
Long-head Anemone ______ NJ
Anemone cylindrica

Anemone cylindrica is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
Wood Anemone ______ (NA:46) (NW:459) (WP:23) DP PA SA Apr-Jun.
Anemone quinquefolia

Another name for Anemone quinquefolia is Windflower.
Tall Anemone ______ (NA:48) (NW:459) (WP:23) DP NJ PA Jul-Aug.
Anemone virginiana
Anemone virginiana (var. alba) ______ Riverbank Anemone: NJ

Another name for Anemone virginiana is Thimbleweed.
Rue-anemone ______ (NW:456) (WP:33) DP PA SA Mar-May.
Anemonella (or Thalictrum) thalictroides

Rue-anemone is sometimes included in Thalictrum (below), but species in that genus do not have flowers in umbrels.
Eastern Red Columbine (ph) ______ (NA:404) (NW:468) (WP:24) DP PA SA Apr-Jul.
Aquilegia canadensis

Aquilegia canadensis has also been called Canadian Columbine, or simply Wild Columbine.

Along the side of a road, Eastern Red Columbine
(photo by Rise Hill)

The Eastern Red Columbine is one of the many larval food plants of the butterfly Celastrina agriolus, the Spring Azure.

Butterflies Celastrina agriolus, Spring Azures,
photographed during a FONT tour
(photo by Doris Potter)
Yellow Marsh-marigold (ph) ______ (NA:251) (NW:463) (WP:24) DP PA SA Apr-Jun.
Caltha palustris

Another name for Caltha palustris is Cowslip.

A Yellow Marsh-marigold photographed during a FONT tour
(photo by Gerin Hood)
Mountain Bugbane ______ (NW:455) SA
Cimicifuga americana

Cimicifuga americana is also called American Bugbane.
Black Snakeroot ______ (NA:127) (NW:455) (WP:25) PA SA Jun-Sep.
Cimicifuga racemosa

Another name for Cimicifuga racemosa is Black Cohosh.
Swamp Leather-flower ______ (NW:462)
Clematis crispa
Purple Clematis ______ (NW:461) (WP:25) NJ PA May-Jun.
Clematis occidentalis (var. occidentalis)

Another name for Clematis occidentalis is Purple Virgin's Bower.
Curlyheads ______ (NW:462)
Clematis ochroleuca
Leather-flower ______ (NW:462) (WP:26) PA(rare) SA May-Aug.
Clematis viorna
Virgin's Bower ______ (NA:211) (NW:461) (WP:27) DP PA SA Jul-Sep.
Clematis virginiana

Another name for Clematis virginiana is Old Man's Beard.
Goldthread ______ (NA:58) (NW:455) (WP:27) PA May-Jul.
Coptis trifolia groenlandica
Garden Larkspur ______ DP
Delphinium ajacis
Dwarf Larkspur ______ (NA:583) (NW:467)
Delphinium tricorne

Another name for Delphinium tricorne is Spring Larkspur.
Sharp-lobed Hepatica ______ (NW:458) SA
Hepatica acutiloba

Hepatica species are also called Liverleaves. They are sometimes included in the genus Anemone (above).
Round-lobed Hepatica ______ (NW:458) (WP:29) DP PA SA Mar-May.
Hepatica americana (or Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa)

As just noted above, Hepatica americana is also called Round-lobed Liverleaf.
Goldenseal ______ (NA:62) (NW:453) (WP:30) DP NJ PA Apr-May.
Hydrastis canadensis

Another name for Hydrastis canadensis is Yellowroot. In New Jersey, it is classified as endangered.
Mouse-tail ______ (NW:453)
Myosurus minimus

Regarding the following genus, Ranunculus, several species are known to be poisonous, and all should be considered potentially so.
There are many species in the Ranunculus genus, and often they are difficult to identify.
Kidney-leaf Buttercup ______ (NA:252) (NW:465) DP PA Occasional, NY, possibly DE, north to Newfoundland, Mar-Aug.
Ranunculus abortivus

Another name for Ranunculus abortivus is Small-flowered Buttercup.
Tall Buttercup (or Common Buttercup) ______ (NA:250) (NW:594) (SP:49) (WP:19) DP PA Generally common, PA (or DE) north to Greenland, May-Aug. (not native to eastern North America)
Ranunculus acris

Another name for Ranunculus acris is Meadow Buttercup.
Water-plantain Spearwort ______ (NW:465) NJ
Ranunculus ambigens
White Water-buttercup ______ (NW:466) DP
Ranunculus aquatilis (was circinatus)

Ranunculus circinatus was called White Water-crowfoot.
Bulbous Buttercup ______ (NA:254) (NW:594) DP Occasional, nNC north to Newfoundland, Apr-Jun. (not native to eastern North America, from Europe)
Ranunculus bulbosus
Seaside Buttercup ______ (SP:50) NJ Generally common, NJ north to Greenland, May-Oct.
Ranunculus cymbalaria

Ranunculus cymbalaria is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
Early Buttercup ______ (NW:464) NJ
Ranunculus fascicularis

Ranunculus fascicularis is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
Lesser Celandine ______ (NA:302) (NW:594) (WP:31) PA Apr-Jun. (not native in eastern North America, from Eurasia)
Ranunculus ficaria

Another name for Lesser Celandine is Pilewort.
Greater Yellow Water-buttercup ______ (NW:466) (WP:31) DP NJ PA May-Jun.
Ranunculus flabellaris

Another name for Ranunculus flabellaris is Yellow Water-crowfoot.
Creeping Spearwort ______ (NW:465) NJ
Ranunculus flammula
Ranunculus flammula (var. filiformis) ______ NJ where classified as endangered.
Hispid Buttercup ______ (NW:464) DP SA
Ranunculus hispidus
Small-flowered Buttercup ______ DP
Ranunculus parviflorus
Bristly Buttercup ______ DP NJ
Ranunculus pensylvanicus
Hooked Buttercup ______ (NW:465) DP
Ranunculus recurvatus

Another name for Ranunculus recurvatus is Wood Buttercup.
Creeping Buttercup (ph) ______ (NW:594) DP (not native to eastern North America, from Eurasia)
Ranunculus repens

Another name for Ranuculus repens is Creeping Spearwort.

Ranuculus repens, photographed during a FONT tour, in Iceland
(photo by Gerin Hood)
Cursed Buttercup ______ (NW:466) (SP:51) DP Occasional, north to Newfoundland, Mar-Aug.
Ranunculus scleratus

Another name for Ranuculus scleratus is Cursed Crowfoot.
Northern Swamp Buttercup (or Marsh Buttercup) ______ (NA:249) (SP:48) (WP:32) DP PA Rare along cost, more common inland, NJ north to RI, Apr-Jul.
Ranunculus septentrionalis

Another name for Ranunculus septentrionalis is Marsh Buttercup.
Early Meadow-rue ______ (NA:222) (NW:457) (WP:32) DP PA Apr-May.
Thalictrum dioicum
Tall Meadow-rue ______ (NA:164) (WP:33) DP PA SA Jul-Sep.
Thalictrum polygamum (or Thalictrum pubescens)

Thalictrum polygamun is also called Late Meadow-rue.
Waxy-leaf Meadow-rue ______ (NW:457)
Thalictrum revolutum
Rue Anemone ______ (NA:47)
Thalictrum thallictoides
Tassel-rue ______ (NW:454) (WP:34) PA SA Jun-Jul.
Trautvetteria carolinensis

Another name for Trautvetteria carolinensis is False Bugbane.
Globe Flower ______ (NA:253) (W:35) NJ PA Apr-Jun.
Trollius laxus
Trollius laxus laxus ______ Spreading Globe Flower: NJ where classified as endangered.

Another name for Trollius laxus is Yellow Globeflower.
Scrub Yellowroot ______ SA
Xanthorhiza simplictissima

Cactus Family, CACTACEAE
Eastern Prickly Pear ______ (NA:263) (SP:540) (WP:50) DP NJs PA Generally common, north to MA. Flowers Apr-Jun.
Opuntia humifusa (or compressa)
Devil-joint ______ (SP:541) NC Generally common, north to NC. Flowers May-Jun.
Opuntia pusilla (or drummondii)

Caltrop Family, ZYGOPHYYLLACEAE
Puncture-vine ______ (NA:255) (NW:600) DP (not native in eastern North America, from Eurasia)
Tribulus terrestris

Another name for Tribulus terrestris is Goat's Head.

Camellia, or Tea Family, THEACEAE
Mountain Camellia ______ SA
Stewartia ovata

Cattail Family, TYPHACEAE

The Typha species (below) hybridize.
Narrow-leaved Cattail ______ (NW:552) (WP:334) PA Generally common, north to Nova Scotia. Apr-Jul.
Typha angustifolia
Typha domingensis ______ Generally common, north to DE. May-Jul.
Broad-leaved Cattail (ph) ______ (NA:382) (NW:552) (SP:352) (WP:334) DP PA Generally common, north to Newfoundland. Apr-Jul.
Typha latifolia

Typha latifolia is also called Common Cattail.

In the center of this photo, some Broad-leaved Cattails.
The purple flowers in the photo are Pickerel-weed, Pontederia cordata.
(photographed in Delaware by Marie Gardner)

Clubmoss Family, LYCOPODIACEAE
Carolina Clubmoss ______ NJ
Lycopodiella caroliniana (var. caroliniana)
Northern Bog Clubmoss ______ NJ
Lycopodiella inundata

In New Jersey, Lycopodiella inundata is rare,
Stiff Clubmoss ______ NJ
Lycopodium annotinum

Lycopodium annotinum is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
Hickey's Ground-pine ______ NJ
Lycopodium hickeyi

In New Jersey, Lycopodium hickeyi is rare.

Custard-apple Family, ANNONACEAE
Common Pawpaw ______ (SP:479) (ST:91) Occasional, north to NJ & PA.
Asimina parviflora

Cypress Family, CUPRESSACEAE
Atlantic White-cedar (*) ______ (SP:426) (ST:72) Occasional, NJ north to MA.
Chamaecyparis thyoides

The Atlantic White-cedar is the host plant for the butterfly Callophyrs hesseli, the Hessel's Hairstreak. The green caterpillars of that species eat new growth at branch tips.
The Hessel's Hairstreak is a true specialist, and so it is threatened by the reduction of Atlantic White-cedar swamps in the eastern US.

The Atlantic White-cedar is rot-resistant , which has made it a valuable timer tree since colonial times. Few efforts have been made to replant such forest.
In North Carolina alone, its acreage has declined by 90 per cent.

As of 2011, the largest known Atlantic White-cedar in the US has been in Burlington County, New Jersey.
Its circumference: 210 inches. Height: 88 feet.
Common Juniper ______ NJ Rare (in eastern North America), nNJ north to Newfoundland.
Juniperus communis (var. depressa)

Juniperus communis has the largest range of any woody plant throughout the cool temperate Northern Hemisphere, from the Arctic south in mountains to around 30 degrees N around North America and Eurasia.
Eastern Red-cedar (*) ______ (SP:427) (ST:65) Generally common, north to ME.
Juniperus virginiana

The Eastern Red-cedar now includes what was the Southern Red-cedar, Juniperus silicicola ______ Generally common, north to NC.
Bald Cypress (*) ______ (ST:74) NC
Taxodium distichum

Other names for Taxodium distichum are Deciduous Cypress, Swamp Cypress, Sabino Tree.
Northern White-cedar ______ (ST:70) NJ
Thuja occidentalis

Another name for Thuja occidentalis is Arborvitae. In New Jersey, it is classified as endangered.

Cyrilla Family, CYRILLACEAE
Summer Titi ______ (NA:117) (SP:519) Occasional, north to VA. May-Jul.
Cyrilla racemiflora

Another name for Cyrilla racemiflora is Leatherwood.

Daisy, or Aster Family, ASTERACEAE
Yarrow ______ (NA:156) (NW:109) (SP:300) (WP:277) DP PA SA Generally common, north to Greenland, Apr-first frost. (not native to eastern North America, from Europe)
Achillea millefolium (or lanulosa)

Another name for Achillea millefolium is Milfoil.

Although Yarrow and the Wild Carrot, or Queen Anne's Lace (Daucus carota, in the family APIACEAE) are not related, these two plants are often mistaken for each other.
Both are about the same size, bloom at the same time, and both a flat-topped heads of white flowers, and both finely-divided leaves. Both are of European origin, and in North America become "weeds".
White Snakeroot ______ (NW:97)
Ageratina altissima
Common Ragweed ______ (NA:10) (SP:282) SA Generally common, north to Newfoundland. Jul-first frost.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia

In North America, Ambrosia artemisiifolia is a native plant, but one not very well liked.
Partly as it is considered a common pernicious weed, but mostly because it is the chief cause of hay fever in the late summer.
But as to it being a weed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia is one of the foremost examples of one that grows in cultivated ground to the detriment of crops, and is itself economically valueless and unsightly.

Ragweed is the host plant for the moths Ponometia candefacta, the Olive-shaded Bird-dropping Moth, and Ponometia erastrioides, the Small Bird-dropping Moth.
Great Ragweed ______ (NA:9) NJ
Ambrosia trifida

As with the previous species, the pollen of Ambrosia trifida is spread by wind and is a principal cause of hay fever.
Pearly Everlasting ______ (NA:177) (NW:93) (WP:277) PA Jul-Sep.
Anaphalis margaritacee

The Pearly Everlasting is a host plant for the butterfly Vanessa virginiensis, the American Lady.
Ladies-tobacco ______ DP
Antennaria fallax
Field Pussy-toes ______ DP
Antennaria neglecta

Photo of Antennaria sp. (WP:278)
Plantain-leaved Pussy-toes ______ (NA:178) (NW:94) DP SA
Antennaria plantaginifolia
Single-headed Pussy-toes ______ (NW:94)
Antennaria solitaria
Corn Chamomile ______ DP Occasional, north to Nova Scotia. May-Aug.
Anthemis arvensis
Dog-fennel ______ (NA:82) (NW:570) DP Jun-Oct. (not native to eastern North America, from Eurasia)
Anthemis cotula

Another name for Anthemis cotula is Mayweed.
Great Burdock ______ (NW:566) (WP:278) DP PA Jul-Oct. (not native to eastern North America)
Arctium lappa
Smaller Burdock ______ (NA:539) (NW:566) (WP:279) DP PA Jul-Oct. (not native in eastern North America, from Eurasia)
Arctium minus

Arctium minus is also called Common Burdock.
Wooly Burdock ______ (WP:279) PA Jul-Sep. (not native in eastern North America)
Arctium tomentosum
Pale Indian-plantain ______ (NW:95) NJ
Arnoglossum atriplicifolium

Arnoglossum atriplicifolium is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
Great Indian-plantain ______ (NW:95) NJ
Arnoglossum muehlenbergii (was Arnoglossum reniforme)
Dusty-miller ______ (SP:302) Generally common, VA north to Nova Scotia. May-Sep.
Artemisia stelleriana

Another name for Artemisia stelleriana is Beach Wormwood.
Common Mugwort ______ (NA:415) (not native to eastern North America, from Eurasia)
Artemisia vulgaris
Whorled Aster ______ (NW:145)
Aster (now Oclemena) acuminata

Oclemena acuminata is also called the Whorled Wood Aster.
Rush Aster ______ NJ
Aster borealis

Aster borealis is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
Toothed White-top Aster ______ (NW:146)
Aster asteroides (now Sericocarpus asteroides)
Elegant Aster ______ DP
Aster concinnus
Eastern Silvery Aster ______ DP NJ
Aster concolor

In New Jersey, Aster concolor is rare.
Heart-leaved Aster ______ DP SA
Aster corditolius
White Wood Aster ______ (NA:89) (NW:143) (SP:265) DP SA Rare, north to ME. Aug-Oct.
Aster divaricta (now Eurybia divaricata)
Bushy Aster ______ (NA:81) DP NJs Generally common, north to MA. Aug-Nov.
Aster dumosus
White Heath Aster ______ NJ Occasional, north to ME. Jul-Oct.
Aster ericoides (var. ericoides) ______ NJ
Aster ericoides (var. prostratus) ______ Prostrate White Heath Aster NJ
Slender Aster ______ DP NJ
Aster gracilis
Smooth Aster ______ (NA:560) DP
Aster laevis
Panicled Aster ______ (NW:143)
Aster (now Symphyotrichum) lanceolatum
Calico Aster ______ (NA:88) (NW:143) (SP:266) (WP:280) DP PA Generally common, north to Nova Scotia. Aug-Nov.
Aster (now Symphyotrichum) lateriflorum

Other names for Symphyotrichum lateriflorum are Many-flowered Aster and Side-flowered Aster.
It is a host plant for the butterfly Phyciodes tharos, the Pearl Crescent.
Stiff Aster ______ (NA:623) (NW:144) (SP:268) (WP:280) NJ PA Generally common, north to ME. Aug-Nov.
Aster (now Ionactis) lineariifolius

Other names for Ionactis lineariifolius are Stiff-leaved Aster, Bristle-leaved Aster, Linear-leaved Aster.
Narrow-leaf White-top Aster ______ (NW:146)
Aster (now Sericocarpus) linifolius
Large-leaved Aster ______ SA
Aster macrophyllus
Bog Aster ______ (NW:145) NJ
Aster (now Oclemena) nemoralis
New England Aster ______ (NA:557) (NW:142) (WP:281) DP PA Occasional, north to Nova Scotia. Aug-Oct.
Aster (now Symphyotrichum) novae-angliae

There are many color forms of Aster, now Symphyotrichum, novae-angliae, with rays ranging from lavender to purple to white. A pink form is sometimes grown commercially.
New York Aster ______ (NA:558) (SP:264) DP NJ Generally common, north to Newfoundland. Jul-Oct.
Aster novi-belgii
Aster novi-belgii (var. elodes) ______ NJ
Late Purple Aster ______ DP NJ Rare, north to MA. Aug-Oct.
Aster patens
Aster patens (var. phlogifolius) Phlox-leaved Aster ______ DP
Toothed White-topped Aster ______ (SP:269) DP NJ Occasional, north to ME. Jun-Aug.
Aster paternus (has been Seriocarpus asteroides)
White Heath Aster ______ (SP:267) DP PA Generally common, north to Nova Scotia. Aug-Nov.
Aster pilosus
Aster pilosus (var. pilosus) ______ (WP:281) PA
Aster pilosus (var. demotus) Smooth White Heath Aster ______ DP

Other names for Aster pilosus are Frost Aster and Subulate-bracted Aster. It is a host plant for the butterfly Phyciodes tharos, the Pearl Crescent.
Willow-leaf Aster ______ DP
Aster praealtus
Aster praealtus (var. praealtus) ______ NJ where it is classified as endangered.
Crooked-stem Aster ______ (WP:282) DP NJ PA Aug-Oct.
Aster prenanthoides

Another name for Aster prenanthoides is Zig-zag Aster.
Purple-stemmed Aster ______ (WP:282) DP NJ PA Aug-Nov.
Aster puniceus
Aster puniceus (var. firmus) ______ Shining Aster NJ
Small-flowered White Aster ______ (NA:85)
Aster racemosus
Low Rough Aster ______ NJ
Aster radula

Aster radula is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
Arrowleaf Aster ______ DP
Aster sagittifolius
White Field Aster ______ (NA:90) DP
Aster simplex

Another name for Aster simplex is Panicled Aster.
Narrow-leaved White-topped Aster ______ DP NJ
Aster solidagineus (has been Seriocarpus linifolius)
Low Showy Aster ______ (NA:559) (NW:143) DP NJ
Aster (now Eurybia) spectabilis

The distribution of Aster, now Eurybia, spectabilis is mainly coastal, and especially in Pine Barrens.
Annual Saltmarsh Aster ______ (SP:263) DP Generally common, north to ME. Jul-Nov.
Aster subulatus
Siberian Aster ______ DP
Aster tataricus
Saltmarsh Aster ______ (NA:84) (SP:262) DP Generally common, north to MA. Jun-Dec.
Aster tenuifolius
Tradescant's Aster ______ NJ
Aster tradescantii

In New Jersey, Aster tradescantii is rare.
Tall Flat-topped White Aster ______ (NA:87) (NW:145) (WP:283) DP PA Aug-Sep.
Aster (now Doellingeria) umbellatus

Another name for Doellingeria umbellatus is Parasol White-top.
Wavy-leaved Aster ______ (NA:554) DP Occasional, north to Nova Scotia. Aug-Nov.
Aster undulatus

In western North Carolina, the Wavy-leaved Aster is a host plant for the butterfly Phyciodes batesii, the Tawny Crescent, a species that has disappeared in the northeastern US.
Arrow-leaf Aster ______ NJ
Aster urophyllus

In New Jersey, Aster urophyllus is rare.
Small White Aster ______ DP
Aster vimineus
False-willow ______ (SP:585) Generally common, north to NC. Sep-Oct.
Baccharis angustifolia
Silverling ______ (NA:186) (SP:584) Generally common, north to MA. Aug-Oct.
Baccharis halimifolia

Silverling is one of two shrubs associated with coastal wetlands. The other is Marsh Elder (Iva frutescens, also in ASTERACEAE.

******************************************************

Regarding the species that follow below in the genus Bidens:

The prickly fruit of the Bidens species are known as "beggar's-ticks". They are the very common two-pronged "stickers" that cling to one's clothing during autumn walks.
Tickseed Sunflower ______ (NW:124)
Bidens aristoa

Other names for Bidens aristoa are Midwestern Tickseed Sunflower and Bearded Begger's-ticks.

The following, Bidens polylepis, has much the same range as Bidens aristoa, but it extends as far west as Colorado and New Mexico. The two species share the same common name.

The bractlets beneath the phyllaries in Bidens aristoa are very narrow, 12-21, whereas 8-12 in Bidens aristoa.
Tickseed Sunflower (ph) ______ (NA:282) DP PA
Bidens polylepis

Another name for Bidens polylepis is Ozark Tickseed Sunflower.

Tickseed Sunflower
(photo by Marie Gardner)
Estuary Burr-marigold ______ NJ
Bidens bidentoides
Spanish-needles ______ (NW:125) (SP:293) DP Generally common, north to RI. Jul-Oct.
Bidens bipinnata
Nodding Beggar-ticks ______ (NA:281) (NW:124) (WP:284) DP PA Jul-Oct.
Bidens cernua

Other names for Bidens cernua are Nodding Bur-marigold and Stick-tight.
Crowned Beggar-ticks ______ DP Occasional, north to MA. Aug-Oct.
Bidens coronata
Redstem Beggar-ticks ______ DP
Bidens discoidea
Eaton's Beggar-ticks ______ NJ
Bidens eatonii

Bidens eatonii is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
Devil's Beggar-ticks ______ (NW:125) (SP:295) (WP:284) DP PA Generally common, north to Newfoundland. Jul-Oct.
Bidens frondosa
Smooth Bur-marigold ______ (NW:124) (SP:292) DP Generally common, north to NH. Aug-Nov.
Bidens laevis

Other common names for Bidens laevis are Smooth Beggar-ticks and Wild Goldenglow.
Small-fruit Beggar-ticks ______ NJ Generally common, north to MD. Aug-Oct.
Bidens mitis

Bidens mitis is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
Shepherd's Needle ______ (NA:86)
Bidens pilosa
European Beggar-ticks ______ DP Occasional, nVA north to Nova Scotia. Aug-Oct.
Bidens tripartita
False Aster _____ (NA:553) (NW:147) DP NJ
Boltonia asteroides
Boltonia asteroides (var. glastifolia) ______ NJ where classified as endangered

Another name for Boltonia asteroides is Southern Boltonia.
Appalachian Mountain Boltonia ______ NJ
Boltonia montana

Boltonia montana is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
Sea Ox-eye ______ (NW:117) (SP:588) DP Generally common, north to VA. Nearly all year.
Borrichia frutescens
Indian-plantain (or Pale Indian-plantain) ______ (WP:285) DP PA SA Jul-Sep.
Cacalia astriplicifolia

Another name for Cacalia astriplicifolia is "Wild Caraway".
Nodding Thistle ______ (NA:541) (NW:567) (WP:286) DP PA Jun-Oct. (not native to eastern North America, from Eurasia)
Carduus nutans

Another name for Carduus nutans is Musk Thistle.
Hairy Chaffhead ______ (NW:99)
Carphephorus paniculatus

Another name for Carphephorus paniculatus is Deer-tongue.
Vanilla-leaf ______ (NW:99)
Carphephorus odoratissimus

Another name for Carphephorus odoratissimus is Carolina Vanilla.
Bachelor's Button ______ (NW:568) (WP:286) DP PA Jul-Sep. (not native to eastern North America, from the Mediterranean region)
Centaurea cyanus

Another name for Centaurea cyanus is Cornflower.
Spotted Knapweed ______ (NA:606) (WP:287) DP PA SA Jun-Aug. (not native to eastern North America, from Europe)
Centaurea maculosa

Another name for Centaurea maculosa is Spotted Star-thistle.
Black Knapweed ______ DP
Centaurea nigra
Tyrol Knapweed ______ DP
Centauria vochinensis
Woolly Sunbonnets ______ (NW:152)
Chaptalia tormentosa

Another name for Chaptalia tormentosa is Pineland Daisy.
Skeletonweed ______ DP
Chondrilla juncea
Ox-eye Daisy ______ (NA:83) (SP:301) (WP:288) DP PA SA Generally common, NC to Greenland. Apr-Aug. (non-native in eastern North America, from Europe)
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum (or Leucanthemum vulgare)

Even though this immigrant in the US can be a "weed", the Ox-eye Daisy is a handsome plant. It can be extremely common.
Feverfew ______ (WP:289) DP PA Jun-Sep. (not native to eastern North America)
Chrysanthemum parthenium
Goldenstar ______ (NA:283) (NW:110) (WP:289) PA Apr-Jun.
Chrysogonum virginianum

Other names for Chrysogonum virginianum are Green-and-gold, Goldstar, or Golden Knees.
Sickle-leaved Golden Aster ______ (SP:253) NJs Occasional, NJ north to MA. Jul-Oct.
Chrysopsis falcata
Woolly Golden Aster ______ (S:251) Occasional, north to sVA. Sep-Oct.
Chrysopsis gossypina
Grass-leaved Golden Aster ______ (SP:252) DP Generally common, north to DE. Jun-Oct.
Chrysopsis graminifolia (or nervosa)
Maryland Golden Aster ______ (NW:138) (WP:288) DP NJs PA SA Aug-Oct.
Chrysopsis marianna
Chicory (*) (ph) ______ (NA:624) (NW:570) (SP:307) (WP:287) DP PA SA Occasional, nNC north to Nova Scotia. May-Oct. (not native to eastern North America, from Eurasia)
Cichorium intybus

Even though this immigrant in the US can be a "weed", the Chicory is a handsome plant. Few, if any other wildflowers, have blossoms of such a superb shade of blue.

Another name for Cichorium intybus is Blue Sailors.

Chicory (photo by Marie Gardner)
Canada Thistle ______ (NA:540) (NW:567) (WP:290) DP PA SA Jul-Sep. (not native to eastern North America, from Europe by way of Canada)
Cirsium arvense
Field Thistle (*) (ph) ______ (NW:100) (WP:290) DP PA Jul-Oct.
Cirsium discolor

Field Thistle (photo by Rise Hill)
Yellow Thistle ______ (NA:353) (NW:100) (SP:305) DP Generally common, north to ME. Mar-Aug.
Cirsium horridulum (or spinosissimus)

Another name for Cirsium horridulum is Horrid Thistle.

Yellow Thistle is often found along the edges of salt marshes, but in the southern US it is also a pasture weed, where its flower heads may be rd-purple instead of yellow.
Swamp Thistle ______ (WP:291) PA Jul-Sep.
Cirsium muticum
Pasture Thistle ______ (WP:291) DP PA Jun-Sep.
Cirsium pumilum
Bull Thistle ______ (NA:542) (NW:567) (SP:306) (WP:292) DP PA SA Generally common, VA north to Newfoundland. Jun-Sep. (non-native in eastern North America, from Eurasia)
Cirsium vulgare
Horseweed ______ (NA:107) (SP:274) PA
Conyza canadensis (var. canadensis) ______ (WP:292) Occasional, VA north to Nova Scotia. July-first frost.
Conyza canadensis (var. pusillus) ______ Generally common, north to CT. Jun-first frost.

Conyza canadensis (var. canadensis) has also been Erigeron canadensis.
Conyza canadensis (var. pusillus) has also been Erigeron pusillus.

MEDICINAL USE:
Native Americans and early settlers used a preparation with the leaves of Horseweed to treat dysentery and sore throat.
Lance-leaved Coreopsis ______ (NA:286) (NW:122) (WP:293) DP PA Occasional, north to MA. May-Jul. (non-native in eastern North America, from the Midwest. It has escaped from cultivation.)
Coreopsis lanceolata (var. villosa)

Coreopsis lanceolata is also called Sand Coreopsis.
Greater Coreopsis ______ (NW:123) SA
Coreopsis major
Rose Coreopsis ______ (NW:123) DP NJ
Coreopsis rosea

Other names for Coreopsis rosea are Pink Coreopsis or Pink Tickseed.
Plains Coreopsis ______ (NA:287) (SP:291) DP Occasional, nNC and sVA. Apr-Jul.
Coreopsis tinctoria (or cardaminaefolia)

Other names for Coreopsis tinctoria are Garden Coreopsis and Tickseed.
Tall Coreopsis ______ (NW:123) SA
Coreopsis tripteris

Another name for Coreopsis tripteris is Tall Tickseed.
Thread-leaf Coreopsis ______ (NW:123)
Coreopsis verticillata

Another name for Coreopsis verticillata is Whorled Coreopsis.
Smooth Hawksbeard ______ (NW:569) DP (not native to eastern North America)
Crepis capillaris
Slender Scratch Daisy ______ (NW:138)
Croptilon divaricatum
Purple Coneflower ______ (NA:555)
Echinacea purpurea
Eclipta ______ (NW:108) (SP:284) DP Generally common, north to MA. Jun-first frost.
Eclipta alba (or prostrata)

Another name for Eclipta alba (or prostrata) is Yerba-de-tago.
Leafy Elephant's Foot ______ (NW:102) DP NJ
Elephantopus carolinianus

Other names for Elephantopus carolinianus are Large-leaved Elephant's Foot and Carolina Elephant's Foot.
In New Jersey, it is classified as endangered.
Lanceleaf Elephant's Foot ______ DP Occasional, north to DE. Jul-Oct.
Elephantopus nudatus
Elephant's Foot ______ (SP:240) DP Generally common, north to MD. Jul-Oct.
Elephantopus tormentosus

Another name for Elephantopus tormentosus is Devil's Grandmother.
Fireweed (ph) ______ (SP:303) DP NJ PA Generally common, north to Nova Scotia. Jul-first frost.
Erechtites hieracifolia
Erechtites hieracifolia (var. megalocarpa) ______ Large-fruit Fireweed NJ

Fireweed (photo by Marie Gardner)
Eastern Daisy Fleabane ______ (NA:79) (NW:150) (WP:293) DP PA Occasional, nNC north to Nova Scotia. Apr-Jun rarely to Oct.
Erigeron annuus
Philadelphia Fleabane ______ (NA:80) (NW:150) (WP:294) DP PA Apr-Aug.
Erigeron philadelphicus

Other names for Erigeron philadelphicus are Marsh Fleabane or Common Fleabane.
Robin's-plantain ______ (NW:150) DP SA
Erigeron pulchellus

Erigeron pulchellus is also called Hairy Fleabane.
Oak-leaved Erigeron ______ (SP:270) Generally common, north to NC. Mar-Jun.
Erigeron quercifolius
Whitetop Fleabane ______ (NW:150) (SP:273) DP Generally common, north to Nova Scotia. Apr-Jun (with some blooming to Oct).
Erigeron strigosus
Erigeron strigosus (var. beyrichii) Small-flower Fleabane ______ DP
Robin's-plantain ______ (SP:271) Occasional, north to sVA. Mar-Jul.
Erigeron vernus
White Boneset ______ (SP:245) NJ Generally common, north to NY. Jun-Oct.
Eupatorium album
Eupatorium album (var. vaseyi) ______ Vasey's Boneset NJ where rare
Smaller White Snakeroot ______ (SP:243) DP NJ Generally common, north to MA. Aug-Oct.
Eupatorium aromaticum
Eupatorium aromaticum (var. romaticum) ______ NJ

Eupatorium aromaticum is also called Coastal White Snakeroot.
Common Dog-fennel ______ (NW:97) (SP:242) NJ Generally common, north to NJ. Sep-first frost.
Eupatorium capillifolium

Another name for Eupatorium capillifolium is Dog-fennel Thoroughwort.
In New Jersey, it is classified as endangered.
Mistflower ______ (NW:98) (WP:294) DP NJ PA Rare, north to sNJ. Jul-Oct.
Eupatorium (now Conoclinium) coelestinum

Other names for Conoclinium coelestinum are Blue Mistflower and Hardy-ageratum.
Common Joe-pye-weed ______ (SP:247) DP Occasional, north to Nova Scotia. Jul-Oct.
Eupatorium (now Eutrochium) dubium

MEDICINAL USE:
Native Americans are said to have used Eupatorium dubium to cure fevers, and early American colonists used it to treat an outbreak of typhus.
See also Sweet Joe-pye-weed (below).
Hollow Joe-pye-weed ______ (NW:98) DP
Eupatorium (now Eutrochium) fistulosum

Another name for Eutrochium fistulosum is Hollowstem Joe-pye-weed.
Hyssop-leaved Boneset ______ (SP:246) DP NJs Generally common, north to NY. Jul-Oct.
Eupatorium hyssopifolium

Other names for Eupatorium hyssopifolium are Hyssop-leaved Thoroughwort and Narrow-leaved Eupatorium.
White-bracted Boneset ______ DP NJs
Eupatorium leucolepis

Another name for Eupatorium leucolepis is White-bracted Thoroughwort.
Spotted Joe-pye-weed ______ (NA:530) (NW:98) DP
Eupatorium (now Eutrochium) maculatum
Eupatorium mohrii (or recurvans) ______ Rare, north to sVA. Jul-Oct.
Common Boneset ______ (NA:153) (NW:97) (SP:241) (WP:295) DP PA SA Generally common, north to Nova Scotia. Jul-Oct.
Eupatorium perfoliatum
Rough Boneset ______ DP NJs Rare, north to MA. Aug-Oct.
Eupatorium pilosum

Another name for Eupatorium pilosum is Hairy Thoroughwort.
Hairy Boneset ______ NJ
Eupatorium pubescens (or rotundifolium)
Sweet Joe-pye-weed ______ (NW:98) (WP:295) DP PA SA Jul-Sep.
Eupatorium (now Eutrochium) purpureum

Joe Pye is said to have been an herb doctor who lived in New England in colonial times, when a tonic was from the roots of Eupatorium purpureum to treat diarrhea.
But the plant named for him is hardly a "weed" in the ordinary sense as it is rather a stately and handsome herb.
A more-fitting name, "Queen of the Meadow" is applied to it in the southern Appalachian Mountains.
Resinous Boneset ______ NJ
Eupatorium resinosum

Another name for Eupatorium resinosum is Pine Barren Boneset. In New Jersey, it is classified as endangered.
Round-leaved Boneset ______ (SP:244) DP NJs Generally common, north to ME. Aug-Oct.
Eupatorium rotundifolium

Another name for Eupatorium rotundifolium is Roundleaf Thoroughwort.
White Snakeroot ______ (NA:154) (WP:296) DP PA SA Jul-Oct.
Eupatorium rugosum
Late-flowering Boneset ______ (NW:97) DP Generally common, north to sNJ. Aug-Nov.
Eupatorium serotinum

Another name for Eupatorium serotinum is Late-flowering Thoroughwort.
Upland Boneset ______ (NW:97) DP NJ
Eupatorium sessilifolium
Eupatorium sessilfolium (var. brittonianum) ______ Britton's Upland Boneset NJ
Common Grass-leaved Goldenrod ______ (NA:349) (NW:137) (WP:296) NJs PA Jul-Oct.
Euthamia graminifolia (was Solidago graminifolia)

Other names for Euthamia graminifolia are Grass-leaved Euthamia (or Goldenrod) and Flat-topped Euthamia (or Goldenrod), or Lance-leaved Goldenrod..
Slender-leaved Euthamia (or Goldenrod) ______ (SP:260) NJs
Euthamia tenuifolia (was Solidago tenuifolia)

Other names for Euthamia tenuifolia are Flat-topped Euthamia (or Goldenrod).
Pink Thoroughwort ______ (NW:98)
Fleischmannia incarnata
Indian-blanket ______ (NA:401) (NW:131) (SP:298) Generally common, north to MD. Apr-first frost.
Gaillardia pulchella

Other names for Gaillardia pulchella are Fire-wheel and Gaillardia.
Quickweed ______ (WP:297) DP PA Jun-Nov. (not native in eastern North America, from tropical South America)
Galinsoga ciliata (or quadriradiata)

Another name for Galinsoga ciliata is Gallant Soldiers.
Rabbit-tobacco ______ (SP:279) Occasional, north to VA. May-Aug.
Gnaphalium chilense
Fragrant Cudweed ______ (NA:155) (NW:93) (SP:280) (WP:297) DP PA SA Generally common, north to Nova Scotia. Aug-Nov.
Gnaphalium (now Pseudognaphalium) obtusifolium

Other names for Gnaphalium obtusifolium include: Sweet Everlasting, Sweet Balsam, Catfoot, and because it thrives in dry areas and waste places: Poverty-weed, and Old-field Balsam.
Yet another name is Blunt-leaved Rabbit-tobacco.

Gnaphalium obtusifolium, with whatever common name, is a host plant for the butterfly Vanessa virginiensis, the American Lady.
Curlytop Gumweed ______ (NA:291) NJ (not native to eastern North America, has spread east to dry waste places, from the Western US)
Grindelia squarrosa

Other names for Grindelia squarrosa are Curlycup Gumweed or Stickyheads.

MEDICINAL USE;
Native Americans used Grindelia squarrosa as a medicinal herb to treat illnesses such as asthma, bronchitis, and skin rashes.
Purple Cudweed ______ (SP:281) DP Generally common, north to ME. Mar-Jul.
Gnaphalium purpureum (var. purpureum)
Gnaphalium purpureum (var. falcatum)
False Indian-plantain ______ (NW:95) NJ
Hasteola suaveolens

Other names for Hasteola suaveolens are Hastate Indian-plantain and Sweet Indian-plantain.
Bitter Sneezeweed ______ (NW:132) (SP:296) Generally common, north to VA. May-first frost.
Helenium amarum

Helenium amarum has also been called Bitterweed.
Common Sneezeweed (or Autumn Sneezeweed) ______ (SA:288) (SP:297) (WP:298) DP PA SA Occasional, north to CT. Aug-Nov.
Helenium autumnale

Helenium autumnale somewhat resembles coneflowers (in the genus Rudbeckia).

Sneezing may be induced by the pollen of Helenium autumnale or by smelling its dry, pulverized leaves.
Purple-headed Sneezeweed ______ (NW:132) (WP:298) DP PA Jun-Oct. (not native in eastern North America, from the Midwest)
Helenium flexuosum (or nudiflorum)
Narrow-leaved Sunflower ______ (NW:117) (SP:286) DP NJs SA Generally common, north to NY. July-first frost.
Helianthus angusifolius

Another name for Helianthus angusifolius is Swamp Sunflower.
Cucumber-leaved Sunflower ______ (SP:287) Rare, north to ME. May-Oct.
Helianthus debilis
Thin-leaved Sunflower ______ (WP:299) DP PA Aug-Oct.
Helianthus decapetalus
Woodland Sunflower ______ (NW:118) DP
Helianthus divaricalus
Tall Sunflower ______ (NA:276) DP
Helianthus giganteus
Sawtooth Sunflower ______ DP
Helianthus grosseserratus
Ashy Sunflower ______ (NW:118)
Helianthus mollis

Another name for Helianthus mollis is Downy Sunflower.
Prairie Sunflower ______ DP
Helianthus petiolaris
Pale-leaved Sunflower ______ (NA:275) DP
Helianthus strumosus

Another name for Helianthus strumosus is Woodland Sunflower.
Jersusalem-artichoke ______ (NA:274) (WP:300) DP PA Aug-Oct. (not native in eastern North America, from the Midwest)
Helianthus tuberosus
Ox-eye ______ (NA:273) (NW:118) (WP:300) DP NJ PA SA Jul-Sep.
Heliopsis helianthoides
Heliopsis helianthoides (var. scabra) ______ Rough Ox-eye NJ

Heliopsis helianthoides is sometimes known as the "False Sunflower". It resembles a sunflower quite closely.
Prairie Golden Aster ______ (NA:279)
Heterotheca camporum

Another name for Heterotheca camporum is Hairy Golden Aster.

Typically a midwestern prairie plant, Heterotheca camporum has in recent years spread its range eastward, now occurring to New Jersey and south to North Carolina.
The height of the plant varies greatly with environmental conditions.
Golden Aster ______ (NA:280) (NW:139) (SP:254) (WP:301) DP PA Generally common, north to NY. Jul-Nov. (not native to eastern North America)
Heterotheca subaxillaris (was Heterotheca latifolia)

Heterotheca subaxillaris has also been called Camphorweed.
Orange Hawkweed ______ (NA:364) (NW:569) (SP:315) (WP:301) Generally common, nNJ north to Newfoundland. Jun-Sep. (not native to eastern North America, from Europe)
Hieracium aurantiacum

Another name for Hieracium aurantiacum is Devil's Paintbrush.
Yellow Hawksweed ______ (NA:292)
Hieracium caespitosum

Another name for Hieracium caespitosum is King Devil.
Early Hawkweed ______ DP Generally common, north to Newfoundland. May-Aug.
Hieracium florentinum (or piloselloides)
Hairy Hawkweed ______ (NW:91) (SP:317) DP Generally common, north to MA. Jul-first frost.
Hieracium gronovii

Other names for Hieracium gronovii are Leafy Hawkweed and Queen-devil.
Panicled Hawkweed ______ DP
Hieracium paniculatum
Mouse-ear Hawkweed ______ (NA:296) DP SA Rare, north to Newfoundland. Sep. (non-native in eastern North America, from Europe)
Hieracium piloselia

Of the 19 species of hawkweeds listed in the Gray's Manual of Botany for the northeastern US, 10 of them are of European origin.
Field Hawkweed ______ (SP:316) (WP:302) DP PA SA Occasional, nNJ north to Nova Scotia. May-Aug. (non-native in eastern North America, from Europe)
Hieracium pratense (or caespitosum)

Another name for Hieracium pratense is King Devil.
Rough Hawkweed ______ (WP:302) DP PA Jul-Sep.
Hieracium scabrum
Rattlesnake-weed ______ (NA:298) (SP:314) (WP:303) DP PA Generally common, VA north to NH. May-Sep.
Hieracium venosum
Toothed-leaved Hawkweed ______ DP
Hieracium vulgatum
Cat's Ear ______ DP Occasional, NC north to Newfoundland. Apr-Aug.
Hypochoeris radicata
Elecampane ______ (NA:290) (not native to eastern North America, probably from Asia)
Inula helenium
Marsh-elder ______ (SP:586) Generally common, north to Nova Scotia. Jun-Oct.
Iva frutescens
Seashore-elder ______ (SP:587) Generally common, north to VA, Aug-Oct.
Iva imbricata
Dwarf Dandelion ______ (NA:294) (NW:92) (WP:304) PA SA May-Aug.
Krigia biflora

Krigia biflora resembles the related hawkweeds, in the genus Hieracium.

Another name for Krigia biflora is Two-flowered Cynthia.
Opposite-leaf Dwarf Dandelion ______ (NW:92)
Krigia caepitosa
Potato Dwarf Dandelion ______ (NW:92) NJ
Krigia dandelion

Krigia dandelion is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
Virginia Dwarf Dandelion ______ (SP:308) DP NJ Generally common, north to NH. Mar-Aug.
Krigia virginica
Tall Blue Lettuce ______ (NW:88)
Lactuca biennis
Common Wild Lettuce ______ (NA:300) (NW:88) (SP:312) (WP:304) DP PA Generally common, north to Nova Scotia. Jun-first frost.
Lactuca canadensis (var. latifolia)
Lactuca canadensis (var. canadensis) ______ PA
Lactuca candensis (var. longifolia) Narrow-leaved Wild Lettuce ______ DP
Woodland Lettuce ______ (NA:630) (NW:89) DP
Lactuca floridana
Hairy Lettuce ______ DP NJ
Lactuca hirsula

Lactuca hirsuta (var. sanguinea) ______ Red-stemmed Hairy Lettuce NJ
Prickly Wild Lettuce ______ (NA:299) (NW:569) DP Occasional, nVA north to New Brunswick. Jun-first frost. (not native to eastern North America, from Eurasia)
Lactuca serriola
Fall-dandelion ______ (SP:310) Occasional, NJ north to Greenland. May-Nov.
Leontodon autumnalis
Rough Blazing-star ______ (NA:590)
Liatris aspera
Grass-leaved Blazing-star ______ (SP:249) DP NJs Occasional, north to NY. Sep-Oct.
Liatris graminifolia

Another name for Liatris graminifolia is Hairy Blazing-star.
Northern Blazing-star ______ (NA:489) NJ
Liatris scarlosa
Liatris scarlosa (var. novae-angliae) ______ NJ where it is classified as endangered

Another name for Liatris scarlosa is Large Blazing-star.
Blazing-star (or Dense Blazing-star) ______ (NA:490) (WP:305) NJ PA SA Jul-Sep.
Liatris spicata
Liatris spicata (var. spicata) ______ NJ
Scaly Gayfeather ______ (NW:99)
Liatris squarrosa
Grass-leaf Barbara's Buttons ______ (NW:104)
Marshallia graminifolia
Pineapple-weed ______ (NW:106) (WP:306) DP PA Rare, NJ north to Greenland. Jun-first frost. (not native to eastern North America, from the Pacific states)
Matricaria matricarioides

Other names for Matricaria matricarioides are Disc Mayweed and Rayless Chamomile.
Climbing Hempweed ______ (NA:537) (NW:100) (SP:248) DP Generally common, north to ME. Jul-Oct.
Mikania scandens

Mikania scandens is also known as Climbing Boneset.
Golden Ragwort ______ (NW:141)
Packera aurea
Butterweed ______ (NW:141)
Packera glabella

Other names for Packera galbella are Yellowtop and Cress-leaf Groundsel.
Round-leaved Ragwort ______ (NW:141)
Packera obovata
Wild-quinine ______ (NW:108)
Parthenium integrifolium

Other names for Parthenium integrifolium are Eastern Parthenium and American-feverfew.
Sweet Coltsfoot (or Butterbur) ______ (WP:307) PA Apr-May. (not native to eastern North America, from Eurasia)
Petasites hybridus
Grass-leaf Golden Aster ______ (NW:138)
Pityopsis graminifolia
Camphorweed _____ (NW:94) NJ Occasional, north to DE. Aug-Oct.
Pluchea camphorata
Marsh Fleabane ______ (NW:94) (SP:277) DP NJ Generally common, north to MD. Jul-Oct.
Pluchea foetida
Pluchea foetida (var. foetida) ______ Stinking Fleabane NJ where it is classified as endangered.

Other names for Pluchea foetida are Stinkweed or Stinking Camphorweed.
Salt Marsh Fleabane ______ (NA:538) (NW:94) (SP:276) DP Generally common, north to MA. Aug-Oct.
Pluchea odorata (or purpurascens)

Another name for Pluchea odorata is Sweetscent.
Pale-flower Leafcup ______ (NW:109)
Polymnia canadensis

Other names for Polymnia canadensis are White-flower Leafcup or Small-flower Leafcup.
White Rattlesnake-root ______ (NA:133) (NW:85) DP
Prenanthes alba

Another name for Prenanthes alba is White Lettuce.
Tall Rattlesnake-root ______ (NW:85) (WP:307) DP PA SA Aug-Sep.
Prenanthes altissima
Slender Rattlesnake-root ______ NJ
Prenanthes autumnalis

Another name for Prenanthes autumnalis is Pine Barren Rattlesnake-root.
Rattlesnake-root ______ DP NJs
Prenanthes serpentaria

Another name for Prenanthes serpentaria is Lionfoot.
Gall-of-the-Earth ______ DP
Prenanthes trifoliolata
Carolina False Dandelion ______ (NW:91) (SP:313) DP NJ Generally common, north to DE. Feb-Jun.
Pyrrohopappus carolinianus

Another name for Pyrrohopappus carolinianus is Carolina Desert-chicory. In New Jersey, it is classified as endangered.
Gray-headed Coneflower ______ (NA:271)
Ratibida pinnata

Raibida pinnata is also called the Prairie Coneflower.
Black-eyed Susan (ph) ______ (NA:272) (NW:113) (SP:285) (WP:308) DP PA SA Occasional, north to Nova Scotia. May-first frost.
Rudbeckia hirta (or serotina)

Black-eyed Susans grow up to over 3 feet tall, with green leaves that are up to 6 inches long.

Rudbeckia hirta is also called "Yellow Daisy".

Above: a field with Black-eyed Susans in southern Pennsylvania in July 2015
Below: a butterfly, the Pearl Crescent, feeding on a Black-eyed Susan
(upper photo by Armas Hill, lower photo by Howard Eskin)
Green-headed Coneflower ______ (NW:112) (WP:309) DP PA SA Jul-Sep.
Rudbeckia laciniata

Rudbeckia laciniata is also called the Cutleaf Coneflower.
Brown-eyed Susan ______ (NW:113) (WP:309) PA Jun-Oct.
Rudbeckia triloba

Other names for Rudbeckia laciniata are Thin-leaved Coneflower or Three-lobed Coneflower.
Bog Buttons ______ DP NJ
Sclerolepis uniflora

In New Jersey, Sclerolepis uniflora is rare.
Golden Ragwort ______ (NA:284) (WP:310) DP PA Apr-Jul.
Senecio aureus
Balsam Ragwort ______ DP NJ
Senecio pauperculus
Prairie Ragwort ______ DP
Senecio plattensis
Small's Ragwort ______ DP SA
Senecio smalli
Woolly Ragwort ______ (SP:304) DP NJ Occasional, VA north to sNJ. Apr-Jun.
Senecio tomentosus

Another name for Senecio tomentosus is Hairy Groundsel.
Common Groundsel ______ (NW:571) DP (not native to eastern North America)
Senecio vulgaris
Kidney-leaf Rosinweed ______ (NW:114)
Silphium compositum
Starry (or Whorled) Rosinweed ______ (NW:114) (WP:311) PA Jul-Sep.
Silphium asteriscus (or trifoliatum)

Plants with hairy, alternate or opposite leaves are called Starry Rosinweed.
Those with hairless to slightly hairy, whorled or opposite leaves are called Whorled Rosinweed.

Rosinweeds (in the genus Silphium) are host plants for the butterfly Chlosyne nycteis, the Silvery Checkerspot.
Compass Plant ______ (NA:285)
Silphium laciniatum
Bear's-foot ______   (NW:109) DP NJ
Smallanthus (formerly Polymnia) uvedalius

Other names for Smallanthus uvedalius are Yellow-flowered Leafcup or Large-flowered Leafcup.
In New Jersey, it is classified as endangered.

****************************************************************

Regarding the species that follow below in the genus Solidago:

There are more than 100 species of goldenrods growing in North America, with about 25 of those species in the Appalachians.

As a genus, Solidago is a difficult one for identification, and all the more so because they tend to hybridize.
All of them have yellow flowers except for a single white-flowered species, Solidago bicolor.

Some species of Solidago begin to flower in the early summer, and a number continue blooming until the first frost.
They grow in a variety of habitats.
Tall Goldenrod ______ (NA:325) (NW:135) DP
Solidago altissima

The Tall Goldenrod was previously treated as part of Solidago canadensis.
Solidago canadensis is in another list in this website of "Northern Plants", in Alaska.
Cut-leaved Goldenrod ______ DP
Solidago arguta
White Goldenrod ______ (NA:109) (NW:136) (WP:311) DP NJs PA SA Jul-Oct.
Solidago bicolor

Another name for Solidago bicolor is Silver-rod Goldenrod.
Blue-stemmed Goldenrod ______ (NA:322) (NW:136) (WP:312) DP PA Aug-Oct.
Solidago caesia

Another name for Solidago caesia is Wreath Goldenrod.
Canada Goldenrod ______ (NW:135) (SP:257) DP PA Occasional, north to Newfoundland. Jul-Oct.
Solidago canadensis
Solidago canadensis (var. canadensis) ______ (WP:312) PA
Solidago canadensis (var. scabra) ______ (WP:313) PA

Another name for Solidago canadensis is Tall Goldenrod.
Slender Goldenrod (or Erect Goldenrod) ______ DP NJs
Solidago erecta
Pine Barren Goldenrod ______ DP NJs Occasional, north to NJ. Aug-first frost.
Solidago fistulosa
Broad-leaved Goldenrod ______ (NW:136) DP
Solidago flexicaulis

Another name for Solidago flexicaulis is Zigzag Goldenrod.
Late Goldenrod ______ DP Occasional, north to Nova Scotia. Jul-Sep.
Solidago gigantea
Grass-leaved Goldenrod ______ DP Generally common, VA north to Newfoundland. Aug-Sep.
Solidago graminifolia
Hairy Goldenrod ______ (NW:136) NJ
Solidago hispida
Solidago hispida hispida ______ NJ
Early Goldenrod ______ (WP:313) DP PA Jul-Sep.
Solidago juncea
Field Goldenrod (or Gray Goldenrod) ______ DP NJs Generally common, nNC to Nova Scotia. Jul-Oct.
Solidago nemoralis
Tall Hairy Goldenrod ______ DP
Solidago nigosa
Fragrant Goldenrod (or Sweet Goldenrod) ______ (NA:324) (SP:256) DP NJs Generally common, north to sVA. Sep-Oct.
Solidago odora
Rough-leaved Goldenrod ______ DP
Solidago patula
Downy Goldenrod ______ DP NJs
Solidago puberula
Stiff Goldenrod ______ (NA:326) (NW:135) NJ
Solidago rigida
Solidago rigida rigida ______ Prairie Goldenrod NJ where it is classified as endangered

Another name for Solidago rigida is Half-leaved Goldenrod.
Rough Goldenrod ______ (NA:323) (NW:135) (SP:258) (WP:314) NJ PA Generally common, north to Newfoundland. Jul-Nov.
Solidago rugosa
Solidago rugosa rugosa (var. sphagnophila) ______ NJ

Other names for Solidago rugosa are Wrinkle-leaved Goldenrod and Rough-stemmed Goldenrod.
Seaside Goldenrod (*) (ph) ______ (NA:321) (NW:137) (SP:255) (WP:314) DP NJ PA Generally common, north to Newfoundland. Aug-Dec.
Solidago sempervirens

Seaside Goldenrod with migrating Monarch butterflies along the coast of New Jersey.
At times, in the autumn, such goldenrod, common by the sea in the mid-Atlantic US,
can be with many of these butterflies on their way south to where they winter in Mexico.
(photo by Howard Eskin)
Showy Goldenrod ______ (NA:327)
Solidago speciosa
Stout Goldenrod ______ DP NJ
Solidago squarrosa
Wand-like Goldenrod ______ NJ
Solidago stricta
Slender Fragrant Goldenrod ______ (SP:260) DP Generally common, north to ME. Aug-Oct.
Solidago tenuifolia (or minor)
Swamp Goldenrod ______ (SP:259) DP NJ Occasional, NJ north to Newfoundland, Jul-Oct.
Solidago uliginosa
Solidago uliginosa (var. linoides) ______ Flax-leaf Bog Goldenrod NJ
Solidago uliginosa (var. uliginosa) ______ Bog Goldenrod NJ
Elm-leaved Goldenrod ______ DP
Solidago ulmifolia
Perennial Sow Thistle ______ Occasional, NJ north to Newfoundland. Jul-Oct.
Sonchus arvensis
Spiny-leaved Sow Thistle ______ (NA:297) (SP:311) DP Generally common, north to Greenland. Mar-Oct.
Sonchus asper

Another name for Sonchus asper is Prickly Sow-thistle.
Common Sow Thistle ______ (WP:315) DP PA Generally common, north to Greenland. Mar-Nov. (not native in eastern North America)
Sonchus oleraceus

Sonchus oleraceus is also called Milk Thistle.
Perennial Sow Thistle ______ DP
Sonchus uliginosus
Common Tansy ______ (NA:350) (NW:571) (WP:315) DP PA Jul-Sep. (not native in eastern North America, from Eurasia)
Tanacetum vulgaris
Common Dandelion (*) (ph) ______ (NA:295) (NW:569) (SP:309) (WP:276) DP NJs PA Common to very common, north to Nova Scotia. Apr-Jul. (not native in eastern North America, from Eurasia)
Taraxacum officinale (or erythrospermum)

Dandelions are very variable plants and are often separated into different numbers of microspecies. Since they reproduce by agamospermy, the distinction between many of the microspecies is unclear.

The Dandelion is in other lists in this website of "Northern Plants", and "Texas Wildflowers".

MEDICINAL USE: roots and leaves, gathered before flowering

The Dandelion is a very important medicinal herb. The roots and leaves are mixed to gain the most advantageous effects of both.
The leaves, which are very nutritious, are diuretic and high in potassium (but have little effect on the liver). They are used, therefore, for oedema, especially if caused by a weak heart.

The Dandelion is the host plant for the moth Autographa bimaculata, the Two-spotted Looper.

Dandelion
(photo courtesy of Gerin Hood)
Yellow Salsify ______ (NA:289) (NW:569) (WP:317) DP PA May-Aug. (not native to eastern North America, from Europe)
Tragopogon dubius

Another name for Tragopogon dubius is Yellow Goat's-beard.
Meadow Salsify ______ (NW:569) DP PA (not native to eastern North America)
Tragopogon pratensis
Salsify ______ (NA:556) (not native to eastern North America, from Europe)
Tragopogon porrifolius
Coltsfoot ______ (NA:293)
Tussilago farfara
Common Wingstem ______ (NW:116) (WP:318) PA Aug-Sep.
Verbesina (was Actinomeris) alternifolia

Common Wingstem is a host plant for the butterfly Chlosyne nycteis, the Silvery Checkerspot.
Yellow Crown-beard ______ (SP:289) DP SA Generally common, north to VA. Jul-Oct.
Verbesina occidentalis
Tick-weed ______ (SP:290) Generally common, north to VA. Jul-Oct.
Verbesina virginica
Tall Ironweed ______ (NA:607) (NW:103) (WP:319) PA Aug-Oct.
Vernonia gigantea (var. gigantea)

Another name for Vernonica gigantea is Giant Ironweed.
Broadleaf Ironweed ______ DP NJ
Vernonia glauca
New York Ironweed ______ (NA:608) (NW:103) (WP:319) DP PA SA Aug-Oct.
Vernonia novaboracensiss
Cocklebur ______ (NA:35) (SP:283) Generally common, north to Newfoundland. Jul-first frost.
Xanthium strumarium (or echinatum)

Diapensia Family, DIAPENSIACEAE
Beetleweed (ph) ______ (NA:128) (NW:213) SA
Galax urceolata (or aphylla)

Beetleweed
Flowering Pixie Moss ______ (NA:53) (NW:212) NJ
Pyxidanthera barbulata

The Flowering Pixie Moss is not a moss at all but a relative of the more-southerly Galax and of the boreal Diapensia.
Pyxidanthera barbulata forms dense mats of crowded evergreen leaves, which in some years assume a deep red tint.
These leaves are all but concealed in the spring by multitudes of sessile white flowers.
Sandhill Pixie Moss ______ (found in the dry sandhills of North Carolina and South Carolina)
Pyxidanthera brevifolia

Like Pyxidanthera barbulata, Pyxidanthera brevifolia is not a true moss.
Shortia (ph) ______ (NA:64) (NW:213) SA (found only in the southern Appalachian Mountains)
Shortia galacifolia

Another name for Shortia galacifolia is Oconee-bells.

Shortia, or Oconee-bells

Dogbane Family, APOCYNACEAE
Blue Dogbane ______ (NA:617) (NW:71) SA
Amsonia tabernaemontana

Another name for Amsonia tabernaemontana is Eastern Bluestar.
Spreading Dogbane (ph) ______ (NA:514) (NW:71) (WP:198) PA SA Generally common, PA north to Nova Scotia. Jun-Aug.
Apocynum androsaemifolium

Spreading Dogbane
with a Dogbane Beetle, Chrysochus auratus.
The Dogbane Beetle is one of the most spectacular leaf beetles in eastern North America.
It is relatively large, oval, shiny, brilliantly iridescent green, or coppery green,
golden green, or bluish green,
It is exclusively associated with Spreading Dogbane, Apocynum androsaemifolium.
The diurnal adult beetles are found on leaves throughout eastern North America
south from southern Canada, but not in Florida.
(photo by Rise Hill, in southern Pennsylvania in July 2015)
Hemp Dogbane ______ (NW:71) (SP:168) (WP:198) DP PA Generally common, north to NH. May-Aug.
Apocynum cannabinum

Apocynum cannabinum has also been called Indian Hemp.
Common Periwinkle (*) ______ (NA:546,618) (NW:566) (WP:197) PA SA Mar-Jun. (not native to eastern North America, from Europe)
Vinca minor

Vinca minor is also called Creeping Myrtle.

Dogwood Family, CORNACEAE

included here is the closely-related Tupelo Family, NYSSACEAE
in which is the genus Nyssa.
Alternate-leaved Dogwood ______ (SP:547) (ST:355) Occasional, nNJ north to Newfoundland. Flowers May-Jun.
Cornus alternifolia

Another name for Cornus alternifolia is Pagoda Dogwood.

As of 2011, the largest known Alternate-leaved Dogwood in the US has been in Morris County, New Jersey.
Its circumference: 75 inches. Height: 30 feet.
Silky Cornel ______ NJ Occasional, VA north to NY. Flowers Jun-Jul.
Cornus amomum
Cornus amomum (var. schuetzeana ______ Pale Dogwood NJ where it is classified as endangered

Another name for Cornus amomum is Red-willow.
Dwarf Cornel ______ (NA:45) (NW:204) (WP:165) NJ PA Rare, nNJ north to Newfoundland. Flowers May-Jun.
Cornus canadensis

Another name for Cornus canadensis is Bunchberry.
Flowering Dogwood (*) (ph) ______ (SP:545) (ST:356) SA Generally common, north to ME. Flowers Mar-May.
Cornus florida

The Flowering Dogwood is the state flower of Virginia. Throughout much of Appalachia, it blooms in profusion from April to June.

Cornus florida is nearly the "perfect small tree". The winter buds and twigs are attractive. The blossoms are classic in form. The autumn fruits are colorful.
Wildlife feeds on these red fruits, When they are abundant, American Robins, feeding on them, can be plentiful.

The butterfly Celastrina ladon, the Spring Azure, or "Edward's Azure", feeds mainly on the buds of the Flowering Dogwood.

As of 2011, the largest known Flowering Dogwood in the US has been in Hampton, Virginia.
Its circumference: 106 inches. Height: 32 feet.

Flowering Dogwood
Red Osier ______ (NA:165)
Cornus stolonifera

Red Osier is the showiest of the red-twigged dogwoods.
Swamp Dogwood ______ NJ Occasional, north to NC. Flowers Apr-May.
Cornus stricta (or foemina)

Another name for Cornus foemina is Stiff Dogwood.

As of 2011, the two largest known Swamp Dogwoods have been in North Carolina and Virginia.
In Dare County, NC with a circumference of 31 inches and a height of 21 feet.
In Isle of Wight County, VA with a circumference of 25 inches and a height of 27 feet.
Swamp Blackgum ______ (SP:544) (ST:361) Generally common, north to MD & possibly DE. Flowers Mar-Jun.
Nyssa biflora

Another name for Nyssa biflora is Swamp Tupelo.

Nyssa biflora and Nyssa sylvatica (below) have been treated as varieties of the same species.
Blackgum ______ (ST:360) Rare north to NC, to the north common to ME. Flowers Apr-Jun.
Nyssa sylvatica

Another name for Nyssa sylvatica is Black Tupelo.

Duckweed Family, ARACEAE
Common Duckweed ______
Lemna minor

A carnivorous damselfly, the Duckweed Firetail, is named for its association with the Common Duckweed.
The larvae of the firetails live in the duckweed mat, so the association with duckweed is throughout the life cycle of the insect.
Minute Duckweed ______ NJ
Lemna perpusilla

Lemna perpusilla is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
Star Duckweed ______ NJ
Lemna trisulca
Pale Duckweed ______ NJ
Lemna valdiviana

Lemna valdiviana is classified in New Jersey as endangered.

Ebony Family, EBENACEAE
Common Persimmon ______ (SP:566) (ST:365) North to NY. Flowers May-Jun.
Diospyros virginiana

Elm Family, ULMACEAE

Elm trees, in the genus Ulmus, including the American Elm (below), are host plants for the butterfly Polygonia interogationis, the Question Mark, and for the moth Acronicta vinnula, the Delightful Dagger.
Winged Elm ______ Rare, north to sVA.
Ulmus alata

As of 2009, the largest known Winged Elm in the US has been in Hopewell, Virginia.
Its circumference: 180 inches. Height: 89 feet.
American Elm ______ (SP:471) Generally common, north to Newfoundland. Flowers Feb-Apr.
Ulmus americanus (or floridana)

Evening Primrose, or Willow-herb Family, ONAGRACEAE
Small Enchanter's Nightshade ______ (NW:370) SA
Circaea alpina

Another name for Circaea alpina is Alpine Enchanter's Nightshade.
Large Enchanter's Nightshade ______ (NA:193) (NW:370) (WP:159) DP PA Jun-Aug.
Circaea lutetiana (or quadrisulcata)
Circaea lutetiana canadensis ______ PA

Another name for Circaea lutetiana canadensis is Broad-leaved Enchanter's Nightshade.
Fireweed ______ (NA:473) (NW:362) (WP:159) NJ PA SA Jul-Sep.
Epilobium (now Chamerion) angustifolium
Epilobium angustifolium circumfagum ______ Harrow-leaved Firewweed NJ

Chamerion angusifolium is also called Great Willow-herb.
American Willow-herb ______ (NW:360)
Epilobium ciliatum
Purple-leaved Willow-herb ______ (WP:160) DP PA Jul-Aug.
Epilobium coloratum
Northern Willow-herb ______ DP
Epilobium glandulosum (var. adenocaulon)
Southern Gaura ______ (NA:519) (NW:362) (SP:143) Generally common, north to NC. May-Oct.
Gaura angustifolia

Another name for Gaura angustifolia is Southern Beeblossom.
Biennial Gaura ______ (NW:362) (WP:161) NJ PA Jun-Oct.
Gaura biennis

Another name for Gaura biennis is Biennial Beeblossom.
Ludwigia alata ______ Occasional, north to sVA. Jun-Sep.
Common Seedbox ______ (NW:238) (NW:369) (SP:132) (WP:162) DP PA Generally common, north to MA, May-Oct.
Ludwigia alternifolia

Another name for Ludwigia alternifolia is Square-pod Water-primrose.
Tucker's Island Primrose-willow ______ NJ Rare, north to sNJ. May-Oct.
Ludwigia brevipes
Wing-stem Water-primrose ______ (NW:369)
Ludwigia decurrens

Another name for Ludwigia decurrens is Upright Primrose-willow.
Hairy Primrose-willow ______ NJ
Ludwigia hirtella

In New Jersey, Ludwigia hirtella is rare.
Angle-stem Water-primrose ______ (NW:370)
Ludwigia leptocarpa

Another name for Ludwigia leptocarpa is Angle-stem Primrose-willow.
Narrow-leaved Primrose-willow ______ (SP:135) DP NJ Occasional, north to sNJ. Jun-Sep.
Ludwigia linearis

Another name for Ludwigia linearis is Linear-leaved Seedbox.
Ludwigia maritima ______ Generally common, north to NC, Jun-Sep.
Ludwigia hirtella ______ Rare, north to NC, Jun-Sep.
Trailing Ludwigia ______ (SP:134) Generally common, north to Nova Scotia. May-first frost.
Ludwigia palustris
Floating Primrose-willow ______ (NW:370) (WP:161) DP PA Jun-Oct.
Ludwigia peploides (or Jussiaea repens var. glabrescens)
Ludwigia peploides glabrescens _____ PA

Another name for Ludwigia peploides is Creeping Water-primrose.
Ludwigia repens ______ Occasional, north to NC, May-Oct.
Slender Seedbox ______ (SP:136) Occasional, north to sVA. Jun-Sep.
Ludwigia virgata
Common Evening Primrose ______ (NA:338) (NW:364) (SP:140) (WP:158) DP PA SA Generally common, north to Newfoundland, Jun-Oct.
Oenothera biennis
Narrow-leaved Sundrops ______ (NW:364) (SP:141) (WP:162) DP NJs PA SA Generally common, north to NH, Apr-Aug.
Oenothera fruticosa (or linearis)
Oenothera fruticosa fruticosa ______ PA

Oenothera fruticosa has also been called the Common Sundrops.
Sunbeach Evening Primrose ______ (SP:138) DP NJ Generally common, north to NY. May-first frost.
Oenothera humifusa

Another name for Oenothera humifusa is Dunes Evening Primrose.
Cut-leaved Evening Primrose ______ (NW:364) (SP:139) DP Generally common, north to ME, Mar-Jul, into Oct in the north.
Oenothera laciniata
Oenothera parviflora ______ Generally common, NJ north to Newfoundland, May-Sep.
Dwarf Sundrops ______ (WP:163) DP PA Generally common, DE north to Newfoundland. May-Aug.
Oenothera perennis

Oenothera perennis is also called Small Sundrops.
Showy Evening Primrose ______ (NA:443) (NW:365) (SP:142) DP Occasional, north to VA. Apr-Jul.
Oenothera speciosa

Other names for Oenothera speciosa are Amapola, Pink-ladies, Pink Evening Primrose, White Evening Primrose.
Clubfruit Sundrops ______ DP Occasional, north to Nova Scotia. May-Aug.
Oenothera tetragona (or Oenothera fruticosa glauca)

(or Oenothera fruticosa glauca)

Ferns - various families
Climbing Fern ______ NJ
Lygodium palmatum (in the family Schizaeaceae in the order Schizaeales, although by some placed in its own family Lygodiaceae)

In New Jersey, Lygodium palmatum is rare.
Cinnamon Fern ______ NJ
Osmunda cinnamomea (in the family Osmendaceae in the order Osmunndales)
Osmunda cinnamomea (var. glandulosa) ______ Glandular Cinnamon Fern NJ where rare

Osmunda cinnamomea is now said to be the sole living species in its genus.
Common Bracken (*) ______ NJ (native in Eurasia)
Pteridium aquilinum (in the family Dennstaedtiaceae in the order Dennstaedtiales)

Pteridium aquilinum is a herbaceous perennial, deciduous in the winter.
In the New Jersey Pine Barrens, it is the most common fern.
Little Curlygrass Fern (*) (ph) ______ NJ
Schizaea pusilla (in the family Schizaeaceae in the order Schizaeales)

Little Curlygrass Fern

Fig-marigold, Carpetweed Family, AIZOACEAE, or FICOIDACEAE

AIZACEAE here includes MOLLUGINACEAE
Carpetweed ______ (SP:29) DP Generally common, north to Nova Scotia, Mar-first frost.
Mollugo verticillata

Another name for Mollugo verticillata is Indian-chickweed.
Slender Sea-purslane _____ (NW:51) NJ Generally common, north to NY, common in south, rare in north, when frost-free.
Sesuvium maritimum

Another name for Sesuvium maritimum is Seabeach Purslane.
Shoreline Sea-purslane ______ (NW:51) (SP:30) Generally common, north to NC, when frost-free.
Sesuvium portulacastrum

Figwort, or Snapdragon Family, SCROPHULAREACEUS
Seaside Gerardia ______ DP Occasional, north to Nova Scotia. Jun-Jul.
Agalinis maritima
Purple Gerardia ______ (NA:475) (NW:535) (WP:240) DP PA Generally common, north to Nova Scotia. Aug-first frost.
Agalinis purpurea (was Gerardia purpurea)
Agalinis purpurea (var. racemulosa) (or Gerardia racemulosa) Pine Barren Gerardia ______ NJs

Purple Gerardia is a major food source of the fall broods of the larvae of the butterfly Junonia coenia, the Buckeye.

The butterfly, Junonia coenia, the Buckeye
Thin-leaved Gerardia (or Bristle-leaved Gerardia) ______ NJs
Agalinis setacea (was Gerardia setacea)
Slender-leaved Gerardia _____ (NW:535) (WP:240) PA Aug-Oct.
Agalinis tenuifolia (was Gerardia tenuifolia)
Smooth Yellow False Foxglove ______ (NW:536) (SP:218) (WP:241) PA Occasional, north to Maine. May-Sep.
Aureolaria flava (var. macrantha) (was Gerardia flava var. macrantha)

The Smooth Yellow False Foxglove is a host plant for the butterfly Euphydryas phaeton, the Baltimore Checkerspot.
Appalachian Yellow False Foxglove ______ (NA:307) (NW:536) (WP:241) PA SA Jul-Sep.
Aureolaria laevigata (was Gerardia laevigata)

Another name for Aureolaria laevigata is Entire-leaf Yellow False Foxglove.
Fern-leaf False Foxglove ______ (NW:536) (WP:242) NJs PA Aug-Sep.
Aureolaria pedicularia (was Gerardia pedicularia)

Another name for Aureolaria pedicularia is Annual Yellow False Foxglove.
Downy False Foxglove ______ (NA:308) (WP:243) DP PA Occasional, VA north to MA. May-Sep.
Aureolaria virginica (was Gerardia virginica)
Blue Water-hyssop ______ (NW:534) (SP:212) Occasional, north to DE. Apr-Oct
Bacopa (or Hydrotrida) caroliniana

Other names for Bacopa caroliniana are Carolina Water-hyssop and Lemon Water-hyssop.
Coastal Water-hyssop ______ (NW:534) (SP:213) Generally common, north to sVA. Apr-first frost.
Bacopa monnieri

Other names for Bacopa monnieri are Smooth Water-hyssop and Herb-of-grace.
American Bluehearts ______ (NW:535) NJ
Buchnera americana
Scarlet Indian-paintbrush ______ (NA:420) (NW:538) (WP:244) NJ PA SA May-Jul.
Castilleja coccinea

Other names for Castilleja coccinea are Scarlet Painted-cup, and Eastern Indian-paintbrush.

There is a creamy white Casteilleja coccinea (var. alba), that can be common in certain areas.

In New Jersey, Castilleja coccinea is rare.
White Turtlehead ______ (NA:142) (NW:529) (WP:245) DP PA SA May-Oct.
Chelone glabra

White Turtlehead is a host plant for the butterfly Euphydryas phaeton, the Baltimore Checkerspot.
Pink Turtlehead ______ (NA:478) SA
Chelone lyoni

Another name for Chelone lyoni is Lyon's Turtlehead.
Purple Turtlehead ______ (NW:529)
Clelone obliqua
Eastern Blue-eyed Mary ______ (NA:637) (NW:516) (WP:239) PA Apr-Jun.
Collinsia verna
Kenilworth Ivy ______ (NW:596) (WP:245) PA May-Oct. (not native to eastern North America, from Europe)
Cymblalria muralis
Golden Hedge-hyssop ______ (NW:532) DP
Gratiola aurea

Another name for Gratiola aurea is Golden-pert.
Clammy Hedge-hyssop ______ (NW:532) DP Rare, VA north to NY. Apr-Jun.
Gratiola neglecta

Other names for Gratiola neglecta are Common Hedge-hyssop or Mud-hyssop.
Hairy Hedge-hyssop ______ (SP:211) DP NJ Occasional, north to DE. Jun-Oct.
Gratiola pilosa

Another name for Gratiola pilosa is Round-fruit Hedge-hyssop.
Branched Hedge-hyssop ______ (NW:532) DP
Gratiola ramosa
Smooth Gratiola ______ (SP:210) NJ Occasional, north to NY. Mar-Oct.
Gratiola virginiana
Blue Toadflax (or Old Field Toadflax) ______ (SP:208) DP NJs Generally common, north to Nova Scotia, Mar-Sep.
Linaria canadenis
Toadflax ______ (WP:246) PA Jul-Aug. (not native to eastern North America)
Linaria genistafolia dalmatica
Yellow Toadflax ______ (NA:312) (WP:597) (SP:209) (WP:246) DP PA SA Occasional, nVA north to Greenland. May-Sep. (not native to eastern North America, from Eurasia)
Linaria vulgaris

Another name for Linaria vulgaris is Butter-and-eggs.
Slender False-pimpernel ______ DP
Lindernia anagallidea
False-pimpernel ______ (NW:533) DP
Lindernia dubia

Other names for Lindernia dubia are Yellow-seed False-pimpernel and Large-leaved False-pimpernel.
White-flowered Mecardonia ______ (NW:533) DP
Mecardonia acuminata

Other names for Mecardonia acuminata are Erect Water-hyssop or Axil-flower.
American Cow-wheat ______ (NA:96) (NW:543) (WP:247) DP NJs PA Jul-Aug.
Melmpyrum lineare (var. americanum)
Sharp-wing Monkey-flower ______ (NW:515)
Mimulus alatus
Musk Monkey-flower ______ (NA:304) (NW:512) NJ
Mimulus moschatus
Mimulus moschatus (var. moschatus) ______ NJ

Mimulus moschatus is also called Muskflower.
Square-stem Monkey-flower ______ (NA:566) (NW:515) (WP:248) DP PA Jun-Sep.
Mimulus ringens

Another name for Mimulus ringens is Allegheny Monkey-flower.
Blue Toadflax ______ (NA:580) (NW:518)
Nuttallanthus canadensis
Princess-tree ______ SA
Paulownia tomentosa
Canadian Lousewort ______ (NA:425) (NW:544) (WP:248) DP PA SA Apr-Jun.
Pedicularis canadensis

Other names for Pedicularis canadensis are Wood Betony, and Forest Lousewort.
Swamp Lousewort ______ (NW:544) NJ
Pedicularis lanceolata

Another name for Pedicularis lanceolata is Swamp Betony.
Gray Beardtongue ______ (NA:578) (WP:249) PA SA May-Jul.
Penstemon canescens
Foxglove Beardtongue ______ (NW:521) (WP:250) DP PA May-Jul.
Penstemon digitalis

Other names for Penstemon digitalis are Tall White Beardtongue and Smooth Beardtongue.
Hairy Beardtongue ______ (NA:576) (NW:526)
Penstemon hirsutus

Penstemon hirsutus is also called the Northeastern Beardtongue.
Smooth Beardtongue ______ DP NJ
Penstemon laevigatus

Penstemon laevigatus is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
Pale Beardtongue ______ (NW:521)
Penstemon pallidus

Another name for Penstemon pallidus is Eastern White Beardtongue.
Chaffseed ______ NJ
Schwalbea americana

Chaffseed are spikes of reddish snapdragon-like flowers. In New Jersey, it is classified as endangered.
Lance-leaf Figwort ______ (NW:520) (WP:249) PA May-Jul.
Scrophularia lanceolata

Other names for Scrophularia lanceolata are American Figwort, Early Figwort, Hare Figwort.
Maryland Figwort ______ (NA:377) (NW:520) DP PA Midsummer-fall.
Scrophularia marilandica

Other names for Scrophularia marilandica are Late Figwort, and Carpenter's-square.
Yaupon Black-senna ______ (NW:536)
Seymeria cassioides

Seymeria cassioides is also called Senna Seymeria.
Moth Mullein ______ (NA:152,310) (NW:598) (WP:251) DP PA Jun-Oct. (not native to eastern North America, from Eurasia)
Verbascum blattaria
Common Mullein ______ (NA:309) (WP:598) (SP:207) (WP:252) DP SA Generally common, north to Nova Scotia, Mar-Nov. (not native to eastern North America, from Eurasia)
Verbascum thapsus

Other names for Verbascum thapsus are Woolly Mullein, Great Mullein, and Flannel-plant.
Field Speedwell ______ DP
Veronica agrestis
American Speedwell ______ (NW:529)
Veronica americana

Another name for Veronica americana is American Brooklime.
Corn Speedwell ______ (NA:629) (NW:596) (SP:215) (WP:252) DP PA Generally common, north to Greenland. Mar-Jun. (not native to eastern North America, from Europe)
Veronica arvensis
Ivy-leaved Speedwell ______ DP
Veronica hederaefolia
Common Speedwell ______ (NA:151,585) (NW:596) (WP:253) DP PA SA May-Sep. (not native to eastern North America, from Europe)
Veronica officinalis
Purslane Speedwell ______ (NW:530) DP Generally common, north to Nova Scotia. Mar-Aug.
Veronica peregrina

Another name for Veronica peregrina is Neckweed.
Persian Speedwell ______ DP (not native to eastern North America, from Eurasia)
Veronica persica

Another name for Veronica persica is Bird's-eye.

Veronica persica is in another list in this website of "Northern Plants". in Iceland. In that list, it is called Common Field-Speedwell.
Marsh Speedwell ______ (NW:529)
Veronica scutellata

Other names for Veronica scutellata are Narrow-leaved Speedwell and Grass-leaved Speedwell.
Thyme-leaved Speedwell ______ (NA:150) (NW:596) (SP:216) DP Occasional, nVA north to Greenland. Apr-Aug. (not native to eastern North America)
Veronica serpyllifolia
Culver's Root ______ (NA:101) (NW:531) (WP:253) DP PA Jun-Sep. (not native to eastern North America)
Veronicastrum virginicum

Flax Family, LINACEAE
Sandplain Flax ______ NJ
Linum intercursum

Linum intecursum is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
Stiffbranch Flax ______ (NW:330) (SP:101) DP Generally common, north to Maine, Jun-Oct.
Linum medium

Linum medium is also called Wild Flax, even though all of the flax here are "wild". Another name for Linum medium is Stiff Yellow Flax.
Ringed Yellow Flax ______ DP Occasional, north to MA, Jun-Jul.
Linum striatum
Grooved Yellow Flax ______ NJ
Linum sulcatum (var. sulcatum)

Linum sulcatum is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
Linseed ______ PA (not native to eastern North America, from Europe)
Linum usitatissimum

Linum usitatissimum is also called Common Flax. For thousands of years, it has been used for making linen.

MEDICINAL USE:

The seeds of Linum spp. have medicinal uses and are the source of linseed oil.
Woodland Flax ______ (WP:171) DP NJ PA Generally common, VA north to MA, Jun-Oct.
Linum virginianum

Linum virginianum is also called Yellow Flax.

Flowering Rush Family, BUTOMACEAE
Flowering Rush ______ (WP:322) PA Jun-Sep. (not native to eastern North America, from Eurasia)
Butomus umbellatus

Four-o'-clock Family, NYCTAGINACEAE
Wild Four o'clock ______ (NW:354) DP
Mirabilis (was Oxybaphus) nyctaginea

Other names for Miribilis nyctaginea are Heart-leaf Four o'clock and Umbrellwort.

Fumitory, or Earthsmoke Family, FUMARIACEAE

FUMARIACEAE has also been called the BLEEDING-HEART FAMILY.

Plants in the genus Dicentra are now said to be in the Poppy Family, PAPAVERACEAE.
Allegheny Vine ______ (NW:251) (WP:44) NJ PA Jun-Oct.
Adlumia fungosa

Other names for Adlumia fungosa are Climbing Fumitory and Mountain-fringe.

In New Jersey, Adlumia fungosa is rare.
Yellow Corydalis ______ (NW:250) (WP:44) DP PA Apr-May.
Corydalis flavula

Another name for Corydalis flavula is Short-spur Corydalis. Corydalis species are also called fumeworts.
Slender Corydalis ______ (SP:53) Occasional, north to NC, Feb-May.
Corydalis micrantha
Pale Corydalis ______ (NA:524) (NW:251) (WP:45) PA May-Sep.
Corydalis sempervirens

Other names for Corydalis sempervirens are Rock Harlequin or Tall Corydalis.
Squirrel-corn ______ (NW:251) (WP:45) NJ PA SA Apr-May.
Dicentra canadensis

Dicentra canadensis is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
Dutchman's Breeches ______ (NA:124) (NW:251) (WP:43) DP PA SA Apr-May.
Dicentra cucullaria
Eastern Bleeding Heart ______ (NA:523) (NW:252) (WP:46) NJ PA(rare) May-Aug.
Dicentra eximia

Other names for Dicentra eximia are Fringed Bleeding Heart and Wild Bleeding Heart.

Dicentra eximia is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
Fumitory ______ (NW:584) (WP:46) DP PA May-Aug. (not native to eastern North America, from Eurasia)
Fumaria officinalis

Another name for Fumaria officinalis is Earth-smoke.

Gentian Family, GENTIANACEAE
Screwstem Bartonia ______ (NW:260)
Bartonia paniculata
Virginia Bartonia ______ (NW:260) DP
Bartonia virginica
Centaury ______ (WP:193) DP PA Jul-Sep. (not native to eastern North America, from Europe)
Centaurium pulchellum (or umbellatum)
American Columbo ______ (NW:257) (WP:194) PA Jun
Frasera (or Swertia) caroliniensis

Frasera caroliniensis is also called the Eastern Monument Plant.
Bottle Gentian ______ (NA:636) (NW:254) (WP:195) DP NJ PA Aug-Oct.
Gentiana andrewsii
Gentiana andrewsii (var. andrewsii) ______ Fringed Bottle Gentian NJ where rare

Gentiana andrewsii is also called Closed Gentian.
Pine-Barren Gentian (*) (ph) ______ NJ
Gentiana autumnalis

Pine-Barren Gentian
Sampson Snakeroot ______ DP NJ
Gentiana catesbaei
Greater Fringed Gentian ______ (NW:255) (WP:192) PA Aug-Oct.
Gentiana (or Gentianopsis) crinata
Narrow-leaved Gentian ______ NJ
Gentiana linearis

Gentiana linearis is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
Stiff Gentian ______ (NW:255) WP:195) NJ PA SA Aug-Oct.
Gentiana (now Gentianella) quinquefolia
Gentiana quinquefolia (var. quinquefolia0 ______ NJ

Another name for Gentianella quinquefolia is Agueweed.
Soapwort Gentian ______ DP NJ
Gentiana saponaria
Gentiana saponaria (var. saponaria) ______ NJ
Striped Gentian ______ (NW:254) NJ
Gentiana villosa

Another name for Gentiana villosa is Sampson's Snakeroot.
Lesser Fringed Gentian ______ (NW:255)
Gentiana (now Gentianella) virgata
Virginia Pennywort ______ (NA:219) (NW:259) (WP:196) DP NJ PA Mar-May.
Obolaria virginica

In New Jersey, Obolaria virginica is rare.
Rose Pink ______ (NW:258) (WP:196) DP PA SA Jul-Sep.
Sabatia angularis

Sabatia angularis is also called Marsh Pink, or Rose-Gentian.
Slender Marsh Pink ______ DP NJ Occasional, north to MA. May-Aug.
Sabatia campanulata
Lance-leaved Centaury ______ NJs
Sabatia diffornis
Large Marsh Pink ______ (NW:258) (SP:166) DP NJ Occasional, north to CT. Jun-Sep.
Sabatia dodecandra

Another name for Sabatia dodecandra is Marsh Rose-Gentian.
Sea Pink ______ (NA:444) (SP:165) DP Generally common, north to MA. Jul-Oct.
Sabatia stellaris

Sabatia stellaris is also called Common Marsh Pink or Saltmarsh Pink.

Geranium Family, GERANIACEAE

The name "crane's bill" is from the shape of the seed pods once the petals have faded. The seed heads snap open like bird beaks to release the seeds.
Other similar common names for plants in GERANIACEAE are "stork's bill" and "heron's bill".
Carolina Crane's-bill ______ (NW:261) (SP:99) Generally common, north to MA, Mar-Jul.
Geranium carolinianum

Another name for Geranium carolinianum is Carolina Geranium.
Long-stalked Crane's-bill ______ DP
Geranium columbinum
Wild Geranium ______ (NA:442) (NW:260) (WP:179) DP PA SA Apr-Jun.
Geranium maculatum

Another name for Geranium maculatum is Spotted Crane's -bill.
Dovesfoot Crane's-bill ______ DP
Geranium molle
Small-flowered Crane's-bill ______ DP
Geranium pusillum
Herb Robert ______ (NA:548) (NW:261) (WP:180) PA Rare, PA north to Newfoundland, May-Sep. (said by some not to be native to eastern North America, but it may be. Certainly native in Eurasia.)
Geranium robertianum

Gooseberry Family, GROSSULARIACEAE

Plants now in GROSSULARIACEAE have been said to be in the closely-related Saxifrage Family, SAXIFRAGACEAE
Wild Gooseberry ______ (SP:483) Occasional, NY north to Newfoundland. Flowers Apr-Jun.
Ribes hirtellum
Round-leaved Gooseberry ______ SA
Ribes rotundifolium

Goosefoot Family, CHENOPODIACEAE
Sea-beach Atriplex ______ (SP:17) Generally common, north to New Hampshire. Jul-first frost.
Atriplex arenaria
Sea-beach Atriplex ______ (SP:18) Generally common, north to Greenland. Jul-first frost.
Atriplex patula
Bassia hirsuta ______ Occasional, VA north to MA, Jul-Sep.
Lamb's-quarters ______ (NA:21) (SP:15) Generally common, north to Newfoundland. Jun-first frost.
Chenopodium album

Another name for Chenopodium album is Pigweed.
Wormseed ______ (SP:16) Generally common, north to ME. Jul-first frost.
Chenopodium ambrosioides

Another name for Chenopodium ambrosioides is Mexican-tea.
Red Goosefoot ______ NJ Rare, NJ north to Newfoundland. Aug-first frost.
Chenopodium rubrum
Glasswort ______ (SP:19) Generally common, north to Newfoundland, Jul-Oct.
Salicornia europaea
Slender Glasswort ______ (NA:409)
Salicornia maritima
Saliconria virginica (or Salicornia bigelovii) ______ Generally common, north to Me, Jun-Oct.
Russian-thistle ______ (SP:21) Generally common, north to Newfoundland. Jun-first frost.
Salsola kali
Perennial Glasswort ______ (SP:475) Generally common, north to NH. Jul-Oct.
Sarcocornia perennis
Sea-blite _____ (SP:20,20a) Generally common, north to ME, Aug-first frost.
Suaeda linearis

Gourd, or Cucumber Family, CUCURBITACEAE
Wild Cucumber ______ (NA:113) (NW:209) (WP:92) DP PA Jun-Oct.
Echinocystis lobata

Another name for Echinocystis lobata is Wild Balsam-apple. The fruit is inedible.
Creeping Cucumber ______ (NW:209) (SP:236) Generally common, north to NY. Jun-first frost.
Melothria pendula
One-seeded Bur-cucumber ______ (NW:209) (WP:91) DP PA Jul-Sep.
Sicyoa angulatus

Another name for Sicyoa anugulatus is Star-cucumber.

Grape Family, VITACEAE
Pepper-vine ______ (SP:533) Generally common, north to sVA.
Ampelopsis arborea

Ampelopsis and various grapes (below) are host plants for the moths Eumorpha achemon, the Achemon Sphinx, Sphecodina abbottii, the Abbott's Sphinx, and Amphion floridensis, the Nessus Sphinx.
Virginia-creeper ______ (SP:532) Generally common, north to Maine. Flowers May-Aug.
Parthenocissus quinquefolia

Another name for Parthenocissus quinquefolia is Woodbine.

The Virginia-creeper is the host plant for the moth Darapsa myron, the Virginia Creeper Sphinx.
Other host plants for that moth are the Pepper-vine (above), and various grapes (below).
All of the plants noted here are also host plants for other related moths, Deidamia inscriptum, the Lettered Sphinx, and Eumorpha pandorus, the Pandorus Sphinx.

The Pandorus Sphinx Moth.
The Virginia Creeper Sphinx is similar, and smaller.
Summer Grape ______ (SP:529) Generally common, north to MA. Flowers May-Jun.
Vitis aestivalis (or rufotomentosa, or simpsonii)

Another name for Vitis aestivalus is Pigeon Grape.
Fox Grape ______ (SP:530) Generally common, VA north to ME. Flowers May-Jun.
Vitis labrusca

Another name for Vitis labrusca is Plum Grape.
Muscadine ______ (SP:531) Generally common, north to DE. Flowers May-Jun.
Vitis rotundifolia

Other names for Vitas rotundifolia are Scuppernong, or the Bullace Grape.

Grass Family, POACEAE
Sweet Vernal Grass ______ (NA:387)
Anthoxanthum odoratum
Smooth Brome ______ (NA:27)
Bromus inermis

An alternate name for Bromus inermis is Hungarian Brome.
Downy Brome ______ (NA:28) (not a native grass, from Eurasia)
Bromus tectorum

An alternate name for Bromus tectorum is Downy Cress.
Salt-meadow Spikegrass ______ DP
Distichlis spicata

Habitat with Salt-meadow Spikegrass is favored by the bird, the Salt-marsh Sparrow. As is Salt-meadow Cordgrass (below, in this list).

Salt-marsh Sparrow
(photo by Howard Eskin)
Barnyard Grass ______ (NA:389)
Echinochloa orusgalli
Eastern Bottlebrush Grass ______ (NA:24)
Elymus hystrix
Wand-like Switchgrass ______ DP
Panicum virgatum

On the Delmarva Peninsula, in Dorchester County, Maryland habitats with Wand-like Switchgrass were favored by the birds, the Henslow's Sparrow and the Sedge Wren.
Timothy ______ (NA:25)
Phleum pratense
Giant Reed ______ (NW:386)
Phragmites australis
Kentucky Bluegrass ______ (NA:592) (seems to be an introduction in eastern North America)
Poa pratense

Other names for Poa pratense are Smooth Meadow-grass or Common Meadow-grass.
Little Bluestem ______ (NA:566)
Schizachryrium scarparium
Indian Grass ______ (NA:388)
Soaghrastrum nutans
Salt-meadow Cordgrass ______ DP
Spartina patens

Habitat with Spartina patens is favored by the birds, the Black Rail and the Salt Marsh Sparrow (in photo earlier in this list).
Sea Oats ______ (NA:384)
Uniola panculata

Greenbriar Family, SMILACACEAE

The woody Smilax species are easy to recognize, but identification as to species is often difficult.
Greenbrier (sp.) (NW:547) are also called Catbrier.
Dune Greenbrier ______ (SP:433) Generally common, north to NC. Apr-Jul.
Smilax auriculata
Fringed Greenbrier ______ (SP:434) Generally common, north to MD. Mar-Jun.
Smilax bona-nox
Sawbrier ______ (SP:435) Generally common, north to NY. Apr-Jun.
Smilax glauca
Smooth Herbaceous Greenbrier ______ DP
Smilax herbacea

Another name for Smilax herbacea is Carrion-flower.
Bamboo-vine ______ (SP:436) NJ Generally common, north to VA. Jul-Sep.
Smilax laurifolia
Downy Carrion-flower ______ DP NJ
Smilax pulverulenta
Common Greenbrier ______ (WP:360) PA Occasional, north to ME. Apr-Jun.
Smilax rotundifolia

Other names for Smilax rotundifolia are Catbrier, and Traveler's Delay.

Heath Family, ERICACEAE

includes what was MONOTROPACEAE, the Indian Pipe Family
and includes what was PYROLACEAE, the Shinleaf Family
Bearberry (ph) ______ (NA:228) (NW:216) (SP:556) NJ Occasional, NJ north to Greenland. May-Jul.
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi coactilis ______ (WP:101) PA May-Jul.

Another name for Arctostaphylos uva-ursi is Kinnikinnick.

Bearberry, a low, trailing heath, is a principal host plant for the butterfly Callophrys polios, the Hoary Elfin.
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi is also a host plant for the butterfly Callophrys augustinus, the Brown Elfin.

Bearberry photographed during a FONT tour
(photo by Gerin Hood)
Leatherleaf (or Cassandra) ______ (NA:123) (SP:553) NJ Occasional, north to Newfoundland. Mar-May.
Chamaedaphne (or Cassandra) calyculata

Leatherleaf is a host plant for the butterfly Callophrys augustinus, the Brown Elfin.
Striped Pipsissewa ______ (NA:68) (NW:451) (WP:112) DP NJ PA SA Jun-Aug.
Chimaphila maculata

Other names for Chimaphila maculata have been Striped Wintergreen, Spotted Wintergreen, and Striped Prince's-pine.
Pipsissewa (or Prince's-pine) ______ (NW:451) NJ PA
Chimaphila umbrellata
Chimaphila umbrellata cisatlantica ______ (WP:112) PA Jul-Aug.

As referred to above, these two Chimaphila species were in another family, PYROLACEAE.
Broom Crowberry ______ (SP:512) NJ Generally common, NJ north to Newfoundland.
Corema conradii

An unusual plant in "the plains" of the New Jersey Pine Barrens is Broom Crowberry. It comes into flower in early April.
This small shrub is a relict species that at one time was probably distributed rather continuously along the Atlantic Seaboard, but now it occurs in the US only at some widely separated places.
It is dioecious, and both the pistils and stamens, including the anthers, are purple, but since they lack petals, they are quite inconspicuous.

Corema conradii is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
Trailing Arbutus (or Mayflower) (ph) ______ (NA:513) (NW:217) (SP:554) (WP:102) DP NJ PA SA Rare, VA north to Newfoundland. Mar-May.
Epigaea repens

Trailing Arbutus is a host plant for the butterfly Callophrys polios, the Hoary Elfin, as is the Bearberry, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (above).
But while Trailing Arbutus often grows alongside Bearberry, it is not limited to such sites, and so it is more widespread than the butterfly whose principal host plant is Arctostaphylos uva-ursi.

Trailing Arbutus
Creeping Snowberry ______ NJ
Gaultheria hispidula

Gaultheria hispidula is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
Eastern Teaberry ______ (NA:69) (NW:217) (SP:555) (WP:103) DP NJ PA SA Occasional, north to Newfoundland. Jul-Aug.
Gaultheria procumbens

Other common names for Gaultheria procumbens are Checkerberry and Wintergreen.
Black Huckleberry ______ (SP:557) NJ Generally common, VA north to Newfoundland. May-Jul.
Gaylussacia baccata

Huckleberries, Gaylussacia spp., are host plants for the butterfly, Callophrys augustinus, the Brown Elfin.
Dwarf Huckleberry ______ (SP:558) Occasional, nNJ north to Newfoundland, rare further south. Jun-Jul.
Gaylussacia dumosa

Dwarf Huckleberry and Blueberrries (below) are host plants for the moth Chrysanympha formosa, the Formosa Looper.
Dangleberry ______ Occasional, VA north to MA. Apr-Jun.
Gaylussacia frondosa
Sheep Laurel ______ (NA:512) (NW:218) (SP:549) (WP:104) NJ PA Occasional, nVA north to Newfoundland. May-Jul.
Kalmia angustifolia

Another name for Kalmia angustifolia is Lambkill.

Sheep Laurel is a host plant for the butterfly, Callophrys augustinus, the Brown Elfin.
Southern Sheep Laurel ______ (NW:218) SA
Kalmia carolina
Mountain Laurel ______ (NA:203) (NW:218) (WP:100) PA SA May-Jul.
Kalmia latifolia

The Mountain Laurel is the state flower of Pennsylvania.
Pale Laurel ______ NJ
Kalmia polifolia

Kalmia polifolia is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
Sand-myrtle ______ (NA:508) (NW:219) NJ
Leiophyllum buxifolium
Leiophyllum buxifolium (var. hugeri) Huger's Sand-myrtle ______ SA
Dog-hobble ______ SA
Leucothoe fontanesiana
Maleberry ______ (NA:120) (SP:551) SA Occasional, north to ME. Apr-Jun.
Lyonia ligustrina

Coastal plants in the eastern US are nearly all Lyonia ligustrina (var. ligustrina),
Lyonia ligustrina (var. foliosiflora) occurs north to sVA.

Another name for Lyonia ligustrina is He-huckleberry.
Fetterbush ______ (SP:552) Generally common, north to VA. Apr-Jun.
Lyonia lucida
Staggerbush ______ NJ
Lyonia mariana
Minnie-bush (ph) ______ SA
Menziesia pilosa

Minnie-bush
Pinesap ______ (NA:423) (WP:115) DP NJ PA Jun-Oct.
Monotropa hypopithys
Indian Pipe ______ (NA:77) (SP:156) (WP:115) DP NJ PA SA Occasional, north to Newfoundland, Jun-Oct.
Monotropa uniflora

As referred to above, the two Monotropa species here were in another family, MONOTROPACEAE.

Monotropa uniflora is also called "Ghost Flower", or "Ghost Plant".
Sourwood ______ SA
Oxydendrum arboreum
Pine Drops ______ (WP:116) PA Jun-Aug.
Pterospora andromeda
Round-leaved Shinleaf ______ (NW:452) DP SA
Pyrola americana (or rotundifolia)

Other names for Pyrola americana are American Wintergreen or Round-leaved Wintergreen.

Plants in the genus Pyrola have been in PYROLACEAE, the Shinleaf or Wintergreen family.
Greenish-flowered Shinleaf ______ (NW:452) (WP:113) NJ PA Jun-Aug.
Pyrola chlorantha (or virens)

Another name for Pyrola chlorantha is Green-flowered Wintergreen. In New Jersey, it is classified as endangered.
Waxflower Shinleaf ______ (NA:122) (WP:113) DP PA
Pyrola elliptica
One-sided Shinleaf ______ (NW:452) (WP:114) PA Jun-Aug.
Pyrola (now Orthilia) secunda

Other names for Orthilia secunda are One-sided Wintergreen, and Sidebells.
One-flowered Shinleaf ______ (NW:451) (WP:111) PA Jun-Aug.
Pyrola (now Moneses) uniflora

Other names for Moneses uniflora are One-flowered Wintergreen, Wood-nymph, Wax Flower, Single-delight.

****************************************************************

Regarding the species that follow below in the genus Rhododendron:

The word "Rhododendron" is derived from the Greek, and means "rose tree".
As it is usually defined, it includes both evergreen forms, which are regularly referred to by the generic name, and also related plants (many of them deciduous), which we know as azaleas, native and exotic.
Smooth Azalea ______ PA SA
Rhododendron arborescens

Rhododendron arborescens is found along mountain streams or at the borders of swamps from Pennsylvania to Georgia.
For more about the Smooth Azalea, see the notes with the Swamp Azalea (below).
Dwarf Azalea ______ NJ
Rhododendron atlanticum

In New Jersey, Rhododendron atlanticum is rare.
Rhodora ______ (NA:517) NJ PA
Rhododendron canadense

The Rhodora is a plant of the north country. It is the most boreal of all the native rhododendrons of eastern North America.
It is at home on summits from Newfoundland to eastern Pennsylvania. It is equally at home in bogs or on barren lands.
Its lilac-rose flowers open before the leaves have developed. Those flowers are particularly attractive.

Rhododendron canadense is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
Flame Azalea ______ (NA:369) PA SA
Rhododendron calendulaceum

The Flame Azalea begins to appear as a part of the plant community in the Allegheny Plateau country of south-western Pennsylvania, and from there it extends south on the mountains to Georgia.
According to elevation and latitude, this beautiful plant blooms from mid-May to late June.

The Flame Azalea is a host plant for the butterfly Satyrium kingi, the King's Hairstreak.
Catawba Rhododendron ______ (NA:516) SA
Rhododendron catawbiense

Another name for Rhododendron catawba is Mountain Rosebay.

The Catawba Rhododendron is a purple-flowered southern Appalachian endemic, found from West Virginia and Virginia south to Georgia and Alabama. It is always in the mountains, but in a surprising variety of locations.

This plant, and some of its relatives, have been responsible for a word in southern mountain terminology:
Beds of Rhododendron growing on exposed slopes and rocky crests, so densely as to be close to impenetrable, are locally called "slicks".
When they grow as an understory in heavy woodlands, and become a trial to one trying to get through, they may be called "hells". Those who have tried going through such a growth can fully appreciate the term.
Rosebay Rhododendron _____ (NA:204) (WP:107) PA SA Jun-Jul.
Rhododendron maximum

Another name for Rhododendron maximum is Great Laurel.

In late June or July, the Rosebay Rhododendron blooms about a month or so after the Catawba Rhododendron (above).
The blossoms of the Rosebay Rhododendron are white, pale pink, or even rose, with one petal of each flower marked with chartreuse-green spots.

Throughout much of its range Rhododendron maximum is shrubby, but in the Southern Appalachians its stems become tree-like, sometimes 30 feet or more in height, and many inches in diameter.
It affords food and cover for deer, turkeys, and grouse in winter weather.

The Rosebay Rhododendron is the state flower of West Virginia.
Pinxter Flower ______ (NA:518) (WP:108) PA SA Mar-Jun.
Rhododendron periclymenoides (or Rhododendron nudiflorum)

Among the native pink azaleas of eastern North America, the Pinxter Flower is well known and widely distributed.
It is apt to have whitish or pale-pink blossoms at lower elevations, but in the highlands its color is often much deeper.

Another name for Rhododendron periclymenoides is Pink Azalea.
Mountain Azalea ______ NJ
Rhododendron prinophyllum

In New Jersey, Rhododendron prinophyllum is rare.
Rose Azalea ______ SA
Rhododendron roseum

The Rose Azalea is a rose-pink clove-scented heath of mountains from Maine to Tennessee.
Vasey's Azalea ______ SA
Rhododendron vaseyi

The Vasey's Azalea is of the southern Appalachian mountains as the Rhodora (above) is of the northern ranges.
The flowers of Rhododndron vaseyi are a clear pink, and the long exerted stamens give a butterfly effect to the blossoms.
Like the Rhodora, the Vasey's Azalea grows and thrives on open mountain crests. But it adapts as well to a variety of habitats.
Swamp Azalea ______ (NA:214) (WP:108) NJ Jun-Jul.
Rhododendron viscosum

Another name for Rhododendron viscosum is Clammy Azalea.

The Clammy, or Swamp, Azalea is one of two white-flowered azaleas in the eastern United States.
The other is the Smooth Azalea, Rhododendron arborescens (above).
Both are fragrant and both bloom in the early summer.
Both include some individuals whose corollas are pink rather than white, although such corollas are uncommon.

Rhododendron viscosum grows from Maine to South Carolina, being more common in lowland situations.
Blueberry ______ SA
Vacccinium spp.

The Blueberry plants in the genus Vaccinium are difficult to distinguish from each other.

Blueberries. Vaccinium spp., are host plants for the butterfly Callophrys augustinus, the Brown Elfin, and for the moth Catocala sordida, the Sordid Underwing.
Low Sweet Blueberry ______ (SP:559) Generally common, nNJ north to Newfoundland. May-Jun.
Vaccinium angustifolium
Sparkleberry ______ (SP:561) Generally common, north to NC. Apr-Jun.
Vaccinium arboreum

Another name for Vaccinium arboreum is Tree Blueberry.
Highbush Blueberry ______ (NA:227) (SP:560) NJ Generally common, north to Nova Scotia. Feb-Jun (earlier to the south).
Vaccinium corymbosum (or atrococcum, or elliottii, or simulatum)

Vaccinium species are host plants for the butterfly Callophrys henrici, the Henry's Elfin.
Large Cranberry (or American Cranberry) ______ (NA:70) (NW:220) (SP:563) (WP:109) NJ PA Occasional, MD north to Newfoundland. May-Jul.
Vaccinium macrocarpum

Early colonial settlers in New Jersey called Vaccinium macrocarpum the "crane-berry", as its flower resembled the neck (stem), head (curled back lobes), and beak (stamens) of a crane.

The Large Cranberry is a host plant for the butterfly Lycaena epixanthe, the Bog Copper in the southern part of its range.
Further north, that butterfly's favored host plant is the Small Cranberry, Vaccinium oxycoccos (not in this list as it occurs north of the geographic range covered here).
Small Cranberry ______ (NW:220) NJ
Vaccinium oxycoccos

In New Jersey, Vaccinium oxycoccos is rare.
Lowbush Blueberry ______ Rare, nNC, north to Nova Scotia, Mar-May.
Vaccinium pallidum (or vacillans)
Deerberry ______ (SP:564) (WP:110) PA SA Occasional, north to PA. Apr-Jun.
Vaccinium stamineum

Deerberry is a host plant for the butterfly Limenitis arthemis astyanax, the Red-spotted Purple.

Hemp Family, CANNABACEAE

The Hackberry trees were in the Elm Family, ULMACEAE.

Hackberry trees, in the genus Celtis, are host plants for the butterflies Nymphalis antiopa, the Mourning Cloak, and Polygonia interrogationis, the Question Mark.
Southern Hackberry ______ (SP:472) (ST:297) Generally common, north to VA. Flowers Apr-May.
Celtis laevigata

Another name for Celtis laevigata is Sugarberry.

Celtis laevigata is a host plant for the butterfly Asterocampa celtis, the Hackberry Emperor, and Asterocampa clyton, the Tawny Emperor.
Eggs of the Hackberry Emperor are laid in small clusters of 1 to 20. The female of the Tawny Emperor lays several hundred eggs in clusters beneath leaves or on bark.
Northern Hackberry ______ (ST:296) Rare, VA north to MA. Flowers Apr-May.
Celtis occidentalis

Celtis occidentalis is a host plant for the buttterfly, Asterocampa celtis, the Hackberry Emperor, and Asterocampa clyton, the Tawny Emperor. (See note with Celtis laevigata.)
Dwarf Hackberry ______ (ST:298) NJ
Celtis tennuifolia

Celtis tennuifolia is a host plant for the butterfly, Asterocampa celtis, the Hackberry Emperor, and Asterocampa clyton, the Tawny Emperor. (See note with Celtis laevigata.)

In New Jersey, Celtis tennuifolia is rare.

Holly Family, AQUIFOLIACEAE
Carolina Holly ______ Occasional, north to NC. Flowers Apr-Jun.
Ilex ambigua
Ilex coriacea ______ Rare, NC. Flowers Apr-May.
Inkberry ______ (SP:522) Generally common, north to Nova Scotia. Flowers May-Jul.
Ilex glabra
Mountain Winterberry ______ (ST:396) NJ
Ilex montana

Another name for Ilex montana is Mountain Holly. In New Jersey, it is classified as endangered.

As of 2007, the largest known Mountain Winterberry in the US has been in Giles, Virginia.
Its circumference: 30 inches. Height: 40 feet.
American Holly ______ (SP:520) (ST:395) SA Generally common, north to MA. Flowers Apr-Jun.
Ilex opaca

Ilex opaca is a host plant for the butterfly Callophrys henrici, the Henry's Elfin.

As of 2007, one of the two largest known American Holly trees in the US has been in Alexandria, Virginia.
Its circumference: 141 inches. Height: 68 feet.
The other largest American Holly in the US, also as of 2007, has been in Georgia.
Winterberry ______ (NA:230,427) (SP:523) Generally common, VA north to Newfoundland. Flowers Apr-Jul.
Ilex verticillata

As of 2009, the two largest known Winterberry trees in the US have both been in Virginia.
In Orange, with a circumference of 17 inches and a height of 19 feet.
In Chesapeake, with a circumference of 25 inches and a height of 14 feet.
Yaupon ______ (NA:229,428) (SP:521) Generally common, north to VA. Flowers Mar-Jun.
Ilex vomitoria

Ilex vomitoria is a host plant for the butterfly Callophrys henrici, the Henry's Elfin.

Honeysuckle Family, CAPRIFOLIACEAE
Bush Honeysuckle ______ (NA:355) SA
Diervilla sessilifolia
Twinflower ______ (NA:463) (NW:191) (WP:269) NJ PA Jun-Aug.
Linnaea borealis (var. americana)

Linnaea borealis (var. americana) is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
American Fly-honeysuckle ______ NJ
Lonicera canadensis

Lonicera canadensis is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
Limber Honeysuckle ______ (NW:191)
Lonicera dioica

Lonicera dioica is also called Wild Honeysuckle.
Japanese Honeysuckle (*) (ph) ______ (NA:94) (NW:577) (SP:582) (WP:270) DP NJ PA SA Common, north to MA. Apr-Jul. (not native to eastern North America, from Asia)
Lonicera japonica (var. japonica)

Japanese Honeysuckle
(photo by Marie Gardner)
Amur Honeysuckle (ph) ______ DP NJ PA (NA:433) (not native to eastern North America, from Asia)
Lonicera maackii

The berries of the Amur Honeysuckle
(photo by Marie Gardner)
Trumpet Honeysuckle ______ (NA:418) (NW:191) (SP:583) (WP:270) PA SA Occasional, north to MD. Mar-Jul. (not native to eastern North America)
Lonicera sempervirens

Other names for Lonicera sempervirens are Trumpet Vine or Coral Honeysuckle.
Tartarian Honeysuckle ______ (NA:93,435) (not native to eastern North America, from Eurasia)
Lonicera tatarica
Common Elderberry ______ (NA:166) (SP:579) (WP:271) PA Generally common, north to Nova Scotia. May-Jul.
Sambucas canadensis

Sambucas canadensis is also called Black Elderberry.
Red-berried Elderberry ______ (NA:434) (WP:271) PA SA Apr-Jun.
Sambucus racemosa (var. pubens) (or Sambucus pubens)
Common Snowberry ______ (NA:231)
Symphoricarpus albus
Coralberry ______ SA
Symphoricarpus orbiculatus
Orange-fruit Horse-gentian ______ (NA:424) (NW:190) (WP:272) DP PA May-Jul.
Triosteum aurantiacum (var. glaucexcens)

Another name for Triosteum aurantiacum has been "Wild Coffee". Other names are Feverwort and Tinker's-weed.
Perfoliate Horse-gentian ______ (NW:190)
Triosteum perfoliatum

Other names for Triosteum perfoliatum are Feverwort and Tinker's-weed.

Viburnum sp. (below) are host plants for the butterfly Celastrina ladon, the Spring, or Edwards' Azure, and for the moth Zale horrida, the Horrid Zale.
Maple-leaved Viburnum ______ (NA:168) SA
Viburnum acerifolium
Hobblebush (ph) ______ (NA:167) SA
Viburnum alnifolium (or, now lananoides)

Another name for Vibunrum alnifolium, or Viburnum lananoides, is Moosewood.

Hobblebush
Wild Raisin ______ (NA:163)
Viburnum cassinoides

Another name for Viburnum cassinoides is Witherod.
Veiny-leaved Arrow-wood ______ (NA:162) NJ Occasional, north to VA. Jun-Aug.
Viburnum dentatum
Viburnum dentatum (var. venosum) ______ NJ where rare
Possum-haw ______ Occasional, north to NC, also DE to NY. Apr-May.
Viburnum nudum
Arrow-wood ______ (SP:580) Occasional, MD north to New Brunswick. May-Jul.
Viburnum recognitum

Hydrangea Family, HYDRANGEACEAE
Wood-vamp ______ (NW:262)
Decumaria barbara

Another name for Decumaria barbara is Climbing Hydrangea.
Wild Hydrangea ______ (WP:122) PA SA Jun-Jul.
Hydrangea arboescens

Hypoxis, or Daffodil Family, HYPOXIDACEAE

The genus Hypoxis has also been in the AMARYLLIS Family.
Yellow Star Grass (or Common Star Grass) ______ (NW:329) (SP:341) (WP:343) DP NJs PA SA Occasional, north to ME. Mar-Sep.
Hypoxis hirsuta

Another name for Hypoxis hirsuta is Common Goldstar.
Snowflake ______ DP
Leucojum aestivum

Iris Family, IRIDACEAE
Blackberry-lily ______ (NA:368) (NW:585) DP (not native to eastern North America, from eastern Asia)
Belamcanda chinensis
Dwarf Crested Iris (ph) ______ (NA:550,612) (NW:273) (WP:358) PA SA Apr-May.
Iris cristata

Dwarf Crested Iris
Slender Blue Flag ______ DP Occasional, DE north to Nova Scotia. May-Jun.
Iris prismatica
Yellow Flag ______ (NA:270) (NW:585) (WP:358) DP PA May-Jul. (not native to eastern North America, from Eurasia)
Iris pseudacorus
Dwarf Iris ______ (NW:273) DP
Iris verna
Northern Blue Flag ______ (NA:611) (NW:273) (SP:342) (WP:357) DP PA Occasional, PA & NJ north to Newfoundland. May-Jul.
Iris versicolor

Other names for Iris versicolor are Larger Blue Flag, or simply Blue Flag.
Southern Blue Flag ______ (NW:273) Generally common, north to sVA. Apr-May.
Iris virginica
Atlantic Blue-eyed Grass ______ (SP:344) (WP:359) DP NJs PA Generally common, north to Nova Scotia. Mar-Jun.
Sisyrinchium atlanticum

Another name for Sisyrinchium atlanticum is Eastern Blue-eyed Grass.
Narrow-leaved Blue-eyed Grass ______ (NA:613) (NW:276) (WP:359) PA SA Generally common, NC north to Newfoundland. Mar-Jul.
Sisyrinchium angustifolium
Sisyrinchium arenicola ______ Rare, north to Nova Scotia. Apr-Jul.
Winged Blue-eyed Grass ______ DP
Sisyrinchium graminoides
Strict Blue-eyed Grass ______ NJ Occasional, NJ north to Nova Scotia. Jun-Jul.
Sisyrinchium montanum
Sisyrinchium montanum (var. crebrum) ______ NJ
Sisyrinchium mucronatum ______ Occasional, north to ME. May-Jun.

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