PANAMA BIRDS
during Focus On Nature Tours 

1998 thru 2010

(during the months of February, 
March, August, October & November)  

The following list compiled by Armas Hill


Photo at right: KEEL-BILLED TOUCAN

There have been 9 FONT birding tours in Panama.
563 species of birds have cumulatively been seen.

Codes:

(PNe):    endemic to Panama
(PNi):     introduced species in Panama
(t):         a globally threatened or rare species, designated by Birdlife International.
               (t1): critical        (t2): endangered        (t3): vulnerable
(nt):       a near-threatened species globally
(PNt):     a nationally threatened species in Panama 
               (t1): critical        (t2): endangered        (t3): vulnerable
(PNnt):   in Panama, a nationally near-threatened species 
(PNr):    rare in Panama


CB: the Panama Canal Basin, including areas of Panama City, Gamboa, Pipeline and Plantation Roads, Barro Colorado Island, and various other nearby places in the Soberania and Chagres National Parks. On the Caribbean side of the Canal Basin, locations include: the Escobal & Achiote Roads, Fort Sherman, Isla Gaviota, and Sierra Llorona.

CH: highlands in Chiriqui province, in western Panama

CL: lowlands in Chiriqui province, in western Panama

DL: lowlands in Darien, in eastern Panama

EP: eastern Panama province 


Links:

Mammals in Central America (with some photos) (& with links to Other Nature) 

Butterflies in Central America (with some photos)

Bird-List:

1. Great Tinamou ______  CB DL EP
   Tinamus major castaneiceps
   
   
2. Little Tinamou ______  CB CH DL EP
   Crypturellus soui poliocephalus
   
   
3. Least Grebe ______  CL
   Tachybaptus (formerly Podiceps) dominicus brachypterus
   
   
4. Pied-billed Grebe ______  CB CL
   Podilymbus podiceps (2 subspecies in Panama)
   Podilymbus p. podiceps  (west PN)
   Podilymbus podiceps antarcticus  (east PN)
   
   
5. Brown Pelican ______   CB CL DL
   Pelecanus occidentalis carolinensis
   
   
6. Brown Booby ______  CB
   Sula l. leucogaster (Caribbean)
   Sula leucogaster etesiaca (Pacific)
   
   
7. Blue-footed Booby ______ CB
   Sula n. nebouxii 
   
   
8. Neotropic (formerly called Olivaceous) Cormorant ______  CB CL DL EP
   Phalacrocorax b. brasilianus (formerly P. o. olivaceus) 
   
   
9. Anhinga ______  CB CL DL
   Anhinga anhinga leucogaster
   
   
10. Magnificent Frigatebird ______ CB CL DL
    Fregata magnificens  (now said to be monotypic) 
    
    
11. Rufescent Tiger-Heron ______  CB
    Tigrisoma l. lineatum
    
    
12. Bare-throated Tiber-Heron (PNt3) ______ CL
    Tigrisoma mexicanum  (monotypic)
    
    
13. Agami (or Chestnut-bellied) Heron (nt) ______  DL
    Agamia agami  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
14. Capped Heron ______  DL
    Pilherodius pileatus   (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
15. Cocoi Heron _____ CB
    Ardea cocoi  (monotypic)
    
    
16. Great Blue Heron ______  CB CL DL
    Ardea h. herodias
    
    
17. Great Egret ______ CB CH CL DL EP
    Casmerodius (has been Ardea) alba egretta
    
    
18. Snowy Egret ______  CB CH CL DL
    Egretta t. thula
    
    
19. Little Blue Heron ______ CB CL DL EP
    Egretta caerulea (monotypic)
    
    
20. Tricolored (has also been called Louisiana) Heron ______ CB DL
    Egretta tricolor ruficollis
    
    
21. Western Cattle Egret ______  CB CH CL DL EP
    Bubulcus ibis
    
    
22. Green Heron ______ CB CL  (was at one time considered conspecific with the nearly-cosmopolitan Striated Heron, and was then called Green-backed Heron) 
    Butorides v. virescens
    
    
23. Striated Heron ______ CB EP  (was at one time considered conspecific with the Green Heron of North America and most of Central America, and was then called Green-backed Heron) 
    Butorides s. striata
    
    
24. Boat-billed Heron ______ CB
    Cochlearius cochlearius panamensis
    
    
25. Black-crowned Night-Heron ______ CB CL
    Nycticorax nycticorax hoactli
    
    
26. Yellow-crowned Night-Heron ______ CB
    Nyctanassa violacea caliginis  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
27. White Ibis ______ CB CL DL
    Eudocimus albus  (monotypic)
    
    
28. Glossy Ibis ______
    Plegadis falcinellus  (has been called monotypic)
    
    
29. Wood Stork ______ CL DL
    Mycteria americana  (monotypic)
    
    
30. Black-bellied Whistling-Duck (PNt3) ______  CB CL
    Dendrocygna a. autumnalis 
    
    
31. Fulvous Whistling-Duck (PNr) ______
    Dendrocygna bicolor  (monotypic)
    
    
32. Muscovy Duck (PNt3) ______ CB
    Cairina moschata  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
33. Blue-winged Teal ______  CL
    Anas discors  (monotypic)
    
    
34. King Vulture ______  CL DL
    Sarcoramphus papa  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
     
35. Turkey Vulture ______ CB CH CL DL EP
    Cathartes aura ruficollis  (birds from further north also migrate thru/to Panama)
    
    
36. Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture ______
    Cathartes burrovianus  (monotypic)
    
    
37. Black Vulture ______ CB CH CL DL EP
    Coragyps atratus  (now said to be monotypic)  (the only member of its genus)
    
    
38. Osprey ______ CB CL
    Pandion haliaetus carolinensis  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
39. Gray-headed (or Cayenne) Kite ______ CB DL
    Leptodon c. cayanensis  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
40. Hook-billed Kite ______  DL
    Chondrohierax u. uncinatus  (the single member of its genus)
    
     
41. Swallow-tailed Kite ______ CB CH
    Elanoides forficatus  (the single member of its genus)  (2 subspecies in Panama, E. f. foficatus, &  e, f. yetapa) 
    
    
42. Pearl Kite ______  DL
    Gampsonyx swainsonii leonae  (the single member of its genus)
      
    
43. White-tailed Kite ______ CH CL
    Elanus leucurus majusculus
    
    
44. Double-toothed Kite ______ CB CH
    Harpagus bidentatus fasciatus
    
    
45. Plumbeous Kite ______ CB
    Ictinia plumbea  (monotypic)
    
    
46. Snail Kite  (PNr)  ______ CB CL
    Rostrhamus s. sociabilis
    
    
47. Crane Hawk ______  DL
    Geranospiza caerulesens nigra  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
48. Northern Harrier ______ (formerly merged with the now Eurasian species, the Hen Harrier)
    Circus (cyaneus) hudsonius
    
    
49. Sharp-shinned Hawk ______ CH
    Accipiter striatus velox  (subspecies from further north in North America that winters in Panama)  
    
    
50. Tiny Hawk ______ CB
    Accipiter supercilliosus fontanieri
    
    
51. Plumbeous Hawk (nt) (PNt3) ______ CB
    Leucopternis plumbea  (monotypic)
    
    
52. Semiplumbeous Hawk (PNt3) ______ CB
    Leucopternis semiplumbeus  (monotypic)
    
    
53. White Hawk  ______  CB
    Leucopternis albicollis costaricensis
    
     
54. Common Black Hawk ______ CB
    Buteogallus a. anthracinus
    
    
55. Mangrove (or Pacific) Black Hawk ______  CL  (has been considered a form of the Common Black Hawk)
    Buteogallus (anthracinus) subtilis bangsi
    
    
56. Great Black Hawk ______ CB CL
    Buteogallus urubitinga ridgwayi
    
    
57. Savanna Hawk ______ CB
    Buteogallus meridionalis  (monotypic)
    
    
58. Bay-winged Hawk  (PNr)  ______ DL  (in North America called Harris' Hawk)
    Parabuteo unicinctus harrisis  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
59. Gray-lined Hawk ______ CB CL  (may best be merged with the more-northerly Gray Hawk)
    Asturina (has been Buteo) nitida costaricensis
    
    
60. Roadside Hawk ______ CB CH CL EP
    Buteo magnirostris  (3 subspecies in Panama, including one. B. m. alius, restricted to the offshore Pearl Island)
    Buteo magnirostris griseocauda  (most of PN)
    Buteo magnirostris petulans  (west PN)
    
    
61. Broad-winged Hawk ______ CH
    Buteo p. platypterus  (migrant that breeds further north in North America)
    
    
62. Swainson's Hawk ______ CB CH CL
    Buteo swainsoni  (monotypic)  (migrant that breeds further north in North America; some occasionally winter in Panama)
    
    
63. Short-tailed Hawk ______ CB CH DL
    Buteo brachyurus fuliginosus
    
    
64. White-tailed Hawk ______ CL
    Buteo albicaudatus hypospodius
    
    
65. Zone-tailed Hawk ______ CH
    Buteo albonotatus  (monotypic)
    
    
66. Red-tailed Hawk ______  CH
    Buteo jamaicensis costaricensis
    
    
67. Black Hawk-Eagle ______ CB
    Spizaetus tyrannus serus
    
    
68. Northern Crested-Caracara ______ CB CH CL  (formerly conspecific with the now Southern Caracara, Caracara plancus, of South America, generally south of the Amazon)
    Caracara cheriway  (monotypic)
    
    
69. Yellow-headed Caracara ______ CB CL DL EP 
    Milvago chimachima cordata
    
    
70. Red-throated Caracara ______  DL
    Ibycter americanus  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
71. Laughing Falcon ______ CB CH
    Herpstotheres c. cachinnans
    
    
72. Barred Forest-Falcon ______ CH
    Micrastur ruficollis interstes
    
    
73. Slaty-backed Forest Falcon ______ CH
    Micrastur mirandollei  (monotypic)
    
    
74. Collared Forest-Falcon ______ CB
    Micrastur semitorquatus naso
    
    
75. American Kestrel ______ CH DL
    Falco s. sparverius  (subspecies from further north in North America that winters in Panama)
    
    
76. Merlin ______ CB CH
    Falco c. columbarius
    
    
77. Aplomado Falcon ______
    Falco f. femoralis
    
    
78. Bat Falcon ______  CB CH CL
    Falco r. petoensis
    
    
79. Peregrine Falcon ______ CB CL
    Falco peregrinus anatum  (subspecies from further north in North America that winters in Panama)
    
    
80. Gray-headed Chachalaca ______ CB CH CL DL
    Ortalis cinereiceps  (monotypic)
    
    
81. Crested Guan (PNt3) ______ CB
    Penelope purpurascens aequatorialis
    
    
82. Great Curassow (nt) (PNt3) ______ CB
    Crax r. rubra
    
    
83. Marbled Wood-Quail (PNt3) ______ 
    Odontophorus gujanensis marmoratus 
    
    
84. Crested Bobwhite ______  DL (considered by some conspecific with the more-northerly Spot-bellied Bobwhite)
    Colinus cristatus  (2 subspecies in Panama)
    Colinus cristatus mariae  (northwest PN. Chiriqui)
    Colinus cristatus panamensis  (southwest PN) 
    
    
85. White-throated Crake ______ CB CH DL
    Laterallus a. albigulais 
    
    
86. Gray-necked Wood-Rail ______ CB CH
    Aramides c. cajanea
    
    
87. Sora (Crake) ______
    Porzana carolina  (monotypic)
    
    
88. Common Gallinule (or Moorhen) ______ CB CL
    Gallinula chloropus cachinnans
    
    
89. Purple Gallinule ______ CB CL DL
    Porphyrula martinica  (monotypic)
    
    
90. American Coot ______ CH
    Fulica a. americana
    
    
91. Sunbittern ______  CB CH
    Eurypyga helias major  (a single member of its genus & family)
    
    
92. Limpkin ______ CB
    Aramus g. guarauna  (the single member of its genus & family)
    
    
93. Northern Jacana ______ CL
    Jacana s. spinosa
    
    
94. Wattled Jacana ______ CB DL EP
    Jacana jacana hypomelaena
    
    
95. American Oystercatcher ______  CL
    Haematopus palliatus
    
    
96. Southern Lapwing ______ CB CL DL
    Vanellus chilensis cayennensis
    
    
97. Black-bellied (or Grey) Plover ______ CB CL
    Pluvialis squatarola cynosurae
    
    
98. Wilson's (or Thick-billed) Plover ______ CB
    Charadrius wilsonia beldingi
     
    
99. Collared Plover ______ CB
    Charadrius collaris  (monotypic)
    
    
100. Semipalmated Plover ______ CB
     Charadrius semipalmatus  (monotypic)
     
     
101. Killdeer ______  CL
     Charadrius v. vociferus
     
     
102. Black-necked Stilt ______ CB CL  (said by some to be conspecific with the Black-winged Stilt of the Old World)
     Himantopus (himantopus) mexicanus
     
     
103. "Western" Willet ______ CB CL DL
     Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus
     
     
104. "American" Whimbrel ______ CB CL
     Numenius phaeopus hudsonicus
     
     
     
     
     The Whimbrel is one of a good assortment of shorebirds 
     to be seen, in season, on the expansive mudflats of the Pacific coast in Panama City.  
     (photo by Abram Fleishman)
     
     
105. Long-billed Curlew (nt) (PNr) ______ CB
     Numenius a. americanus
     
     
106. Marbled Godwit ______ CB
     Limosa f. fedoa
     
     
107. Greater Yellowlegs ______ CB,CL
     Tringa melanoleuca  (monotypic)
     
     
108. Lesser Yellowlegs ______ CB CL
     Tringa flavipes  (monotypic)
     
     
109. Solitary Sandpiper ______ CB DL
     Tringa solitaria  (2 subspecies in Panama, T. s. solitaria & T. s. cinnamomea)
     
     
110. Spotted Sandpiper ______ CB CH CL DL
     Actitis macularia  (monotypic)
     
     
111. Ruddy Turnstone ______ CB CL
     Arenaria interpres morinella
     
     
112. Surfbird ______ CB
     Aphriza virgata  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
     
     
113. Red Knot (nt) ______ CB
     Calidris canutus rufa
     
     
114. Sanderling ______ CB,CL
     Calidris alba rubida
     
     
115. Semipalmated Sandpiper ______ CB 
     Calidris pusilla  (monotypic)
     
     
116. Western Sandpiper ______ CB
     Calidris mauri  (monotypic)
     
     
117. Least Sandpiper ______ CB
     Calidris minutilla  (monotypic)
     
     
118. White-rumped Sandpiper ______ CB
     Calidris fuscicollis  (monotypic)
     
     
119. Short-billed Dowitcher ______ CB
     Limnodromus griseus  (3 subspecies can occur in Panama)
     
     
120. Laughing Gull ______ CB CL DL
     Leucophaeus (formerly Larus) atricilla megalopterus
     
     
121. Franklin's Gull ______ CB
     Leucophaeus (formerly Larus) pipixcan  (monotypic)
     
     
122. Ring-billed Gull  (PNr)  ______ CB
     Larus delawarensis  (monotypic)
     
     
123. "American" Herring Gull (PNr) ______ CB (Pacific side)
     Larus argentatus smithsonianus
     
     
124. Lesser Black-backed Gull (PNr) ______ CB (Carib side)
     Larus fuscus graelisii   
      
     
125. Gull-billed Tern ______ CB
     Gelochelidon (formerly Sterna) nilotica aranea
     
     
126. Caspian Tern ______ CB
     Hydroprogne (formerly Sterna) c. caspia 
     
     
127. Royal Tern ______ CB CL
     Thalasseus (formerly Sterna) m. maxima
     
     
128. Sandwich Tern ______ CB CL
     Thalasseus (formerly Sterna) sandvicensis acuflavidus
     
     
129. Common Tern ______ CB
     Sterna h. hirundo
     
     
130. Forster's Tern ______ CB
     Sterna forsteri  (monotypic)
     
     
131. Black Skimmer ______ CB
     Rynchops n. niger
     
     
132. Feral Pigeon (i) ______ CB CH DL EP 
     Columba livia
     
     
133. Band-tailed Pigeon ______ CH
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) fasciata crissalis
     
     
134. Scaled Pigeon ______ CB CH
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) speciosa  (monotypic)
     
     
135. Pale-vented Pigeon ______ CB CL DL
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) cayennensis pallidicrissa
     
     
136. Ruddy Pigeon (PNt3) ______ CH
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) s. subvinacea
     
     
137. Short-billed Pigeon ______ CB
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) nigrirostris  (monotypic)
     
     
138. Plain-breasted Ground-Dove ______  DL
     Columbina minuta alaeodes
     
     
139. Ruddy Ground-Dove ______  CB CH CL DL EP
     Columbina talpacoti rufipennis
     
     
140. Blue Ground-Dove ______  DL
     Claravis pretiosa  (monotypic)
     
     
141. Mourning Dove (PNt3) ______ CL
     Zenaida macroura turturilla
     
     
142. White-tipped (formerly White-fronted) Dove ______ CB CH CL DL EP
     Leptotila v. verreauxi
     
     
143. Gray-chested Dove ______ CB
     Leptotila c. cassinii
     
     
144. Buff-fronted Quail-Dove ______ CH
     Geotrygon costaricensis  (monotypic)
     
     
145. Red-and-green Macaw ______  DL
     Ara chloropterus
     
     
146. Sulphur-winged Parakeet (PNt3) ______ CH
     Pyrrhura hoffmanni gaudens
     
     
147. Crimson-fronted Parakeet (or Finch's Conure) ______ CH
     Aratinga finschi  (monotypic)
     
     
148. Brown-throated Conure/Parakeet ______ CL  (Panamanian form sometimes considered a species: Veragua Conure/Parakeet)
     Aratinga (pertinax) ocularis
     
     
149. Orange-chinned (or Tovi) Parakeet ______ CB DL EP
     Brotogeris j. jugularis 
     
     
150. Brown-hooded Parrot ______ CB DL EP
     Pionopsitta haematotis coccinicollaris
     
     
151. Blue-headed Parrot ______  CB
     Pionus menstruus rubigularis 
     
     
152. White-crowned Parrot (PNt2) ______ CH
     Pionus senilis  (monotypic)
     
     
153. Red-lored (or Yellow-cheeked) Amazon ______ CB CL DL
     Amazona autumnalis salvini
     
     
154. Yellow-crowned Amazon (PNt3) ______ CB CL
     Amazona ochrocephala panamensis
     
     
155. Mealy (or Blue-crowned) Amazon ______ CB DL
     Amazona farinosa inornata
     
     
156. Black-billed Cuckoo ______ CB
     Coccyzus erythrophalmus  (monotypic)
     
     
157. Squirrel Cuckoo ______ CB CH EP
     Piaya cayana thermophila
     
     
158. Greater Ani ______ CB DL
     Crotophaga major  (monotypic)
     
     
159. Groove-billed Ani ______ CH
     Crotophaga sulcirostris  (now monotypic, as a "second form" in Mexico now extinct)
     
     
160. Smooth-billed Ani ______ CB CL DL EP
     Crotophaga ani  (monotypic)
     
     
161. Striped Cuckoo ______ CB CH DL
     Tapera naevia excellens
     
     
162. Barn Owl ______ CB DL
     Tyto alba guatemalae
     
     
163. Tropical Screech-Owl ______ CB CH 
     Megascops (formerly Otus) choliba luctisonus
     
     
164. Crested Owl ______ CB
     Lophostrix cristata wedeli  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
165. Ridgways' Pygmy-Owl ______  (has usually been considered part of Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl, of South America)
     Glaucidium (brasilianum) r. ridgwayi
     
     
166. Spectacled Owl ______ CB
     Pulsatrix perspicillata chapmani
     
     
167. Mottled Owl ______ CB
     Strix v. virgata
     
     
168. Black-and-white Owl ______ CB
     Strix nigrolineata  (monotypic)
     
     
169. Striped Owl ______ DL
     Pseudoscops (formerly Asio) clamator forbesi
     
     
170. Gray (formerly Common) Potoo ______ CB
     Nyctibius griseus panamensis 
     
     
171. Great Potoo ______ CB
     Nyctibius g. grandis
     
     
172. Short-tailed (or Semicollared) Nighthawk ______ CB
     Lurocalis semitorquatus noctivagus
     
     
173. Lesser Nighthawk ______ CL
     Chordeiles acutipennis (at least 2 subspecies occur in Panama as migrants)
     
     
174. Common Nighthawk ______ CB
     Chordeiles minor panamensis  (other subspecies occur in panama as migrants)
     
     
175. Pauraque ______ CB CL DL
     Nyctidromus albicollis  (the single member of its genus)  (2 subspecies in Panama)
     Nyctidromus albicollis intercedens  (west PN)
     Nyctidromus albicollis gilvus  (central & east PN)
     
     
176. Rufous Nightjar ______ CB 
     Caprimulgus rufus minimus
     
     
177. White-tailed Nightjar ______  CL
     Caprimulgus cayennensis albicauda
     
     
178. White-collared Swift ______ CB CH
     Streptoprocne zonaris bouchelli
     
     
179. Vaux's (or Dusky-backed) Swift ______ CH
     Chaetura vauxi richmondi
     
     
180. Band-rumped Swift ______ CB DL
     Chaetura spinicaudus aetherodroma
     
     
181. Short-tailed Swift ______ CB
     Chaetura b. brachyura
     
     
182. Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift ______ CB
     Panyptila c. cayennensis
     
     
183. Bronzy Hermit ______
     Glaucis a. aenea  (monotypic)
     
     
184. Green Hermit ______ CH
     Phaethornis guy coruscus
     
     
185. Western Long-tailed (or Long-billed) Hermit ______ CB (formerly part of a wider-ranging Long-tailed Hermit, now restricted to South America)
     Phaethornis longirostris cephalus
     
     
186. Stripe-throated Hermit ______ CB (formerly conspecific with Little Hermit of northeast South America)
     Phaethornis striigularis saturatus  (genus has also been said to be Pygmornis)
     
     
187. White-tipped Sicklebill ______ CH
     Eutoxeres aquila salvini
     
     
188. Scaly-breasted (or Cuvier's) Hummingbird ______ CB CH
     Phaeochroa c. cuvierii
     
     
189. Violet Sabrewing ______ CH
     Campylopterus hemileucurus mellitus
     
     
190. White-necked Jacobin ______ CB CH 
     Florisuga m. mellivora
     
     
191. Brown Violetear ______ CH
     Colibri d. delphinae
     
     
192. Montane (has been part of Green) Violetear ______ CH
     Colibri (thalassinus) cyanotus
     
     
193. Veraguan (formerly part of the Green-breasted or Prevost's Mango) (PNt2) (PNe) ______ CL
     Anthracothorax (prevostii) veraguensis
     
     
194. Black-throated Mango ______ CB DL EP
     Anthracothorax nigricollis  (monotypic)
     
     
195. Violet-headed Hummingbird ______ CB CH
     Klais guimeti merritii
     
     
196. Garden (formerly part of Fork-tailed) Emerald ______ CB
     Chlorostilbon assimilis  (monotypic)
     
     
197. Violet-crowned Woodnymph ______ CB
     Thalurania colombica venusta
     
     
198. Fiery-throated Hummingbird ______ CH
     Panterpe i. insignis  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
199. Violet-bellied Hummingbird ______ CB EP
     Damophila julie panamensis
     
     
200. Sapphire-throated Hummingbird ______ CB
     Lepidopyga coeruleogularis  (2 subspecies in Panama)
     Lepidopyga c. coeruleogularis  (west PN)
     Lepidopyga coeruleogularis confinis  (east PN)
     
     
201. Blue-chested Hummingbird ______  CB
     Amazilia (a.) amabilis  (monotypic, if Beryl-crowned Hummingbird split) 
     
     
202. Beryl-crowned (or Charming) Hummingbird (PNt2) ______ CH (has been considered conspecific with the Blue-chested Hummingbird)
     Amazilia (amabilis) decora 
     
     
203. Snowy-bellied (or Snowy-breasted) Hummingbird ______  CB CH
     Amazilia e. edward  (4 subspecies in Panama)
     
     
204. Rufous-tailed Hummingbird ______  CB CH
     Amazilia t. tzacati
     
     
205. Stripe-tailed Hummingbird ______ CH
     Eupherusa eximia egregia
     
     
206. White-tailed Emerald ______ CH
     Elvira chionura  (monotypic)
     
     
207. White-vented Plumeleteer ______ CB
     Chalybua buffonii micans
     
     
208. Bronze-tailed Plumeleteer ______ CB  (has also been called Red-footed Plumeleteer)
     Chalybura urochrysia isaurae 
     
     
209. White-throated Mountain-gem (PNt2) ______  CH  (said by some to be conspecific with the Gray-tailed and Purple-throated Mountain-gems, and when so collectively called the Variable Mountain-gem)
     Lampornis c. castaneoventris
     
     
210. Magnificent Hummingbird ______ CH (has been conspecific with the more-northerly Rivoli's Hummingbird of northern Central America, Mexico, & the southwest US)
     Eugenes (fulgens) spectabilis
     
     
211. Purple-crowned Fairy ______ CB
     Heliothryx barroti  (monotypic)
     
     
212. Long-billed Starthroat ______  CH
     Heliomaster l. longirostris
     
     
213. Magenta-throated Woodstar (PNt2) ______ CH
     Calliphlox bryantae   (monotypic)
     
     
214. Ruby-throated Hummingbird ______  CL
     Archilochus colubris  (monotypic)
     
     
215. Scintillant Hummingbird (PNt2) ______ CH
     Selasphorus scintilla  (monotypic)
     
     
216. Glow-throated Hummingbird (t3) (PNt1) (PNe) ______ CH
     Selasphorus ardens  (monotypic)
     
     
217. Volcano Hummingbird (PNt2) ______ CH
     Selasphorus flammula torridus
     
     
218. Resplendent Quetzal (nt) (PNt2) ______ CH
     Pharomachrus mocinno costaricensis
     
     
219. Slaty-tailed (or Massena) Trogon ______ CB
     Trogon massena hoffmanni
     
     
220. Black-throated Trogon ______ CB
     Trogon rufus tenellus
     
     
221. Collared Trogon ______ CH
     Trogon collaris puella
     
     
222. Orange-bellied Trogon _____ CH  (some consider conspecific with Collared Trogon)
     Trogon a. aurantilventris
     
     
223. Black-tailed Trogon ______ CB EP
     Trogon melanurus macroura
     
     
224. Western White-tailed Trogon ______ CB  (was formerly considered conspecific with what's now the Amazonian White-tailed Trogon of South America east of the Andes, Trogon viridis) 
     Trogon chionurus  (monotypic)
     
     
225. Gartered Trogon ______ CB,DL  (was part of the Violaceous Trogon of South America) 
     Trogon caligatus (formerly violaceus) concinnus
     
     
226. Ringed Kingfisher ______ CB,CL,DL
     Megaceryle (formerly Ceryle) t. torquata
     
     
227. Belted Kingfisher ______ CB
     Megaceryle (formerly Ceryle) alcyon
     
     
228. Amazon Kingfisher ______ CB,DL
     Chloroceryle amazona mexicana
     
     
229. Green Kingfisher ______ CB
     Chloroceryle americana isthmica
     
     
230. Green-and-Rufous Kingfisher ______  DL
     Chloroceryle inda  (now said to be monotypic)
     
        
231. American Pygmy Kingfisher ______ CB,DL
     Chloroceryle a. aenea
     
     
232. Broad-billed Motmot ______ CB
     Electron platyrhynchum minor
     
     
233. Rufous Motmot ______ CB
     Baryphthengus martii semirufus
     
     
234. Blue-crowned (or Blue-diademed) Motmot ______ CB,CH 
     Momotus momota conexus
     
     
235. White-necked Puffbird ______ CB
     Notharchus macrorhynchos hyperrynchus
     
     
236. Black-breasted Puffbird ______ CB
     Notharchus pectoralis  (monotypic)
     
     
237. Pied Puffbird ______ CB,EP
     Notharchus tectus subtectus
     
     
238. White-whiskered Puffbird/Softwing ______ CB
     Malacoptila p. panamensis
     
     
239. Spot-crowned Barbet (Pt3) ______ CB
     Capito maculicoronatus  (2 subspecies in Panama)
     Capito m. maculicoronatus  (west PN)
     Capito maculicoronatus rubrilateralis 
     
     
240. Prong-billed Barbet ______ CH
     Semnornis frantzii  (monotypic)
     
     
241. "Blue-throated" Emerald Toucanet ______ CH
     Aulacorhynchus (prasinus) caeruleogularis  (2 subspecies in Panama)
     Aulacorhynchus c. caeruleogularis  (west PN)
     Aulacorhynchus caeruleogularis cognatus  (east PN)
     
     
242. Collared Aracari ______ CB,DL,EP
     Pteroglossus t. torquatus
     
     
243. Keel-billed Toucan ______ CB,DL
     Ramphastos sulfuratus brevicarinatus
     
     
244. Chestnut-mandibled (or Swainson's) Toucan ______ CB,DL (now considered to part of the Black-mandibled Toucan of South America)
     Ramphastos ambiguus swainsonii
     
     
245. Olivaceous Piculet ______ CH
     Picumnus o. flavotinctus 
     
     
246. Acorn Woodpecker ______  CH
     Melanerpes formicivorus striatipectus
     
     
247. Black-cheeked Woodpecker ______ CB 
     Melanerpes p. pucherani
     
     
248. Red-crowned Woodpecker ______ CB,CH,CL,DL
     Centurus rubricapillus wagleri
     
     
249. Hairy Woodpecker ______ CH
     Picoides villosus sanctorum
     
     
250. Smoky-brown Woodpecker ______ CH
     Veniliornis fumigatus  (2 subspecies in Panama)
     Veniliornis fumigatus sanguinolentus  (west PN)
     Veniliornis fumigatus reichenbachi  (east PN)
     
     
251. Golden-olive Woodpecker ______ CH
     Piculus rubiginosus uropygialis
     
     
252. Golden-green Woodpecker ______  DL
     Piculus chrysochloros aurosus
     
     
253. Cinnamon Woodpecker ______ CB,DL
     Celeus loricatus mentalis
     
     
254. Lineated Woodpecker ______ CB,CL,DL
     Dryocopus lineatus mesorhynchus
     
     
255. Crimson-crested Woodpecker ______ CB
     Campephilus melanoleucos malherbii
     
     
256. Pale-breasted Spinetail ______ CH
     Synallaxis albescens latitabunda
     
     
257. Red-faced Spinetail ______ CH
     Cranioleuca erythrops rufigenis
     
     
258. Double-banded Graytail ______  EP
     Xenerpestes miniosi umbraticus  (the only other member of this genus is in the Andes of Ecuador & northern Peru)
     
     
259. Spotted Barbtail  CH
     Premnoplex brunnescens brunneicauda
     
     
260. Lineated Foliage-gleaner ______ CH
     Syndactyla subalaris lineata
     
     
261. Scaly-throated (has also been called Spectacled) Foliage-gleaner ______ CH
     Anabacerthia v. variegaticeps
     
     
262. Buff-throated Foliage-gleaner/Automolus ______ CB
     Automolus ochrolaemus pallidigularis
     
     
263. Plain Xenops ______ CB,EP
     Xenops minutus ridgwayi
     
     
264. Plain-brown Woodcreeper ______ CB
     Dendrocincla fuliginosa ridgwayi
     
     
265. Tawny-winged Woodcreeper ______ CH
     Dendrocincla anabatina
     
     
266. Ruddy Woodcreeper ______ CB
     Dendrocincla homochroas
     
     
267. Long-tailed Woodcreeper ______ CB
     Deconychura longicauda darienensis
     
     
268. Olivaceous Woodcreeper ______ CB,CH,DL
     Sittasomus griseicapillus veraguensis
     
     
269. Wedge-billed Woodcreeper ______ CB,CH
     Glyphorynchus spirurus sublestus
     
     
270. Northern Barred-Woodcreeper ______ CB
     Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae  (2 subspecies in Panama)
     Dendrocolaptes s. sanctithomae  (Pacific side of PN)  
     Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae hesperius  (northwest PN)
     
     
271. Straight-billed Woodcreeper ______ CB
     Xiphorhynchus picus extimus
     
     
272. Cocoa Woodcreeper ______ CB  (formerly conspecific with Buff-throated Woodcreeper of South America)
     Xiphorhynchus susurrans   (3 subspecies in Panama)
     
     
273. Black-striped Woodcreeper ______ CB
     Xiphorhynchus l. lachrymosus
     
     
274. Spotted Woodcreeper ______ CH
     Xiphorhynchus erythropygius insolitus
     
     
275. Streak-headed Woodcreeper ______ CB,EP
     Lepidocolaptes souleyetii lineaticeps
     
     
276. Spot-crowned Woodcreeper ______ CH
     Lepidocolaptes affinis neglectus
     
     
277. Brown-billed Scythebill ______ CH
     Campylorhamphus pusillus borealis
     
     
278. Fasciated Antshrike ______ CB 
     Cymbilaimus lineatus fasciatus
     
     
279. Great Antshrike ______ CB
     Taraba major melanocrissus  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
280. Barred Antshrike ______ CB
     Thamnophilus doliatus  (4 subspecies in Panama, 2 of them on offshore islands) 
     Thamnophilus doliatus nigricristatus  (east PN)
     
     
281. Black Antshrike ______  DL,EP  (species restricted to eastern Panama & Colombia)
     Thamnophilus n. nigriceps
     
     
282. Western Slaty-Antshrike ______ CB
     Thamnophilus a. atrinucha 
     
     
283. Russet Antshrike ______ CB,CH
     Thamnistes anabatinus  (the single species in its genus)  (2 subspecies in Panama)
     Thamnistes anabatinus coronatus  (central & east PN)
     Thamnistes anabatinus saturatus  (west PN)
     
     
284. Plain Antvireo ______ CB
     Dysithamnus mentalis   (2 subspecies in Panama)
     Dysithamnus mentalis septentrionalis  (west PN)
     Dysithamnus mentalis suffusus  (east PN)
     
     
285. Spot-crowned Antvireo ______ CB
     Dysithamnus p. puncticeps
     
     
286. Griscom's Antwren ______ CB  (has been considered conspecific with Pygmy Antwren of South America)
     Myrmotherula (brachyura) ignota 
     
     
287. Checker-throated Antwren ______ CB  (the British spelling is "Chequer-throated")
     Myrmotherula fulviventris  (2 subspecies in Panama)
     Myrmotherula fulviventris costaricensis  (west PN)
     Myrmotherula f. fulviventris  (east PN) 
     
     
288. White-flanked Antwren ______ CB
     Myrmotherula axillaris albigula 
     
     
289. Slaty Antwren ______ CH
     Myrmotherula s. schisticolor
     
     
290. Dot-winged Antwren ______ CB
     Microrhopias quixensis  (the single member of its genus) (2 subspecies in Panama) 
     Microrhopias quixensis virgatus  (west PN)
     Microrhopias quixensis consobrinus  (east PN)
     
     
291. Dusky Antbird ______ CB
     Cercomacra tyrannina rufiventris
     
     
292. White-bellied Antbird ______ CB
     Myrmeciza longipes panamensis
     
     
293. Dull-mantled Antbird ______ CH
     Myrmeciza l. laemosticta  
     
     
294. Chestnut-backed Antbird ______ CB
     Myrmeciza exsul  (3 subspecies in Panama)
     
     
295. Bicolored Antbird ______ CB  (considered conspecific with "White-cheeked Antbird" of northern South America)
     Gymnopithys leucaspis bicolor
     
     
296. Spotted Antbird ______ CB
     Hylophylax naeviodes  (2 subspecies in Panama)
     Hylophylax naeviodes capnitis  (west PN)
     Hylophylax n. naevioides  (east PN)
     
     
297. Ocellated Antbird ______ CB
     Phaenostictus mcleannani  (the single species of its genus)  (3 subspecies in Panama)
     Phaenostictus m. mcleannani  (east-central PN)
     
     
298. Black-faced Antthrush ______ CB
     Formicarius analis panamensis
     
     
299. Streak-chested (has been called Spectacled) Antpitta ______ CB
     Hylopezus p. perspicillatus  (3 subspecies in Panama)
     
     
300. Silvery-fronted Tapaculo ______ CH
     Scytalopus a. argentifrons 
     
     
301. Masked Tityra ______ CB,CH
     Tityra semifasciata costaricensis
     
     
302. Cinnamon Becard ______ CB,CH,DL,EP
     Pachyramphus c. cinnamomeus
     
     
303. White-winged Becard ______ CB
     Pachyramphus polychopterus similis
     
     
304. Black-and-white Becard (PNt3) ______ CH
     Pachyramphus albogriseus ornatus
     
     
305. One-colored Becard  ______  DL,EP
     Pachyramphus h. homochrous
     
     
306. Rose-throated Becard (PNt3) ______ CH
     Pachyramphus aglaiae latirostris
     
     
307. Black Phoebe ______  CH,DL
     Sayornis nigricans amnicola
     
     
308. Pied Water-Tyrant ______  DL
     Fluvicola p. pica 
     
     
309. Long-tailed Tyrant ______ CB
     Colonia colonus leuconota  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
310. Scissor-tailed Flycatcher ______ CL
     Tyrannus forficatus  (monotypic)
     
     
311. Fork-tailed Flycatcher ______ CB,CL,DL,EP 
     Tyrannus savana monachus
     
     
312. Eastern Kingbird ______ CB
     Tyrannus tyrannus  (monotypic)
     
     
313. Tropical Kingbird ______ CB,CH,CL,DL,EP
     Tyrannus melancholicus satrapa
     
     
314. Gray Kingbird ______ CB
     Tyrannus d. dominicensis
     
     
315. Piratic Flycatcher ______ CB,CL
     Legatus leucophaius  (the single member of its genus)  (2 subspecies occur in Panama: L. l. variegatus & L. l. leucophaius)
     
     
316. Streaked Flycatcher ______ CB,CH,DL,EP
     Myiodynastes maculatus difficilis
     
     
317. Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher ______ CB
     Myiodynastes luteiventris  (monotypic)
     
     
318. Boat-billed Flycatcher ______ CB,CH
     Megarynchus pitangua mexicanus
     
     
319. Golden-bellied Flycatcher ______ CH
     Myiodynastes hemichrysus  (monotypic)
     
     
320. Gray-capped Flycatcher ______ CH
     Myiozetetes g. granadensis  (1 of 2 subspecies in Panama)
     
     
321. Rusty-margined Flycatcher ______ CB
     Myiozetetes cayanensis rufipennis
     
     
322. Social Flycatcher ______ CB,CH,CL,DL,EP
     Myiozetetes similis columbianus
     
     
323. Great Kiskadee ______ CB,CL
     Pitangus sulphuratus guatimalensis
     
     
324. Lesser Kiskadee ______ CB
     Pitangus (formerly Philohydor) lictor panamensis
     
     
325. Rufous Mourner ______ CB
     Rhytipterna h. holerythra
     
     
326. Bright-rumped Attila ______ CB
     Attila spadiceus  (2 subspecies in Panama)
     Attila spadiceus citreopyga (west PN)
     Attila spadiceus sclateri  (east PN)
     
     
327. Western Sirystes ______ CB  (has been part of the Sirystes, widespread in South America)
     Sirystes (sibilator) albogriseus 
     
     
328. Dusky-capped Flycatcher ______ CB
     Myiarchus tuberculifer brunneiceps
     
     
329. Panama Flycatcher ______ CB
     Myiarchus p. panamensis
     
     
330. Great Crested Flycatcher ______ CB
     Myiarchus crinitus  (monotypic)
     
     
331. Tropical Pewee ______ CB
     Contopus cinereus brachytarsus
     
     
332. Dark Pewee (PNt3) ______ CH
     Contopus lugubris  (monotypic)
     
     
333. Eastern Wood Pewee ______ CH
     Contopus virens  (monotypic)
     
     
334. Western Wood Pewee ______ CH
     Contopus sordidulus  (4 subspecies migrate south thru or into Panama) 
     
     
335. Olive-sided Flycatcher (or Boreal Pewee) ______ CB
     Contopus copperi (Formerly in genus Nuttallornis. Previous scientific name has long been borealis.) 
     
     
336. Yellow-bellied Flycatcher ______ CB,CH
     Empidonax flaviventris   (monotypic)
     
     
337. Acadian Flycatcher ______ CB
     Empidonax virescens  (monotypic)
     
     
338. Willow Flycatcher ______  CB
     Empidonax traillii
     
     
339. Yellowish Flycatcher ______ CH
     Empidonax f. flavescens
     
     
340. Black-capped Flycatcher (Pt3) ______ CH
     Empidonax atriceps  (monotypic)
     
     
341. Northern/Common Tufted Flycatcher ______ CH
     Mitrephanes phaeocercus vividus
     
     
342. Sulphur-rumped Flycatcher ______ CB (formerly conspecific with what's now Whiskered Flycatcher, Myiobius barbatus in South America)
     Myiobius sulphureipgius aureatus
     
     
343. Black-tailed Flycatcher ______ CB
     Myiobius a. atricaudus
     
     
344. Bran-colored Flycatcher ______ CH
     Myiophobus fasciatus furfurosus
     
     
345. Ruddy-tailed Flycatcher ______  CB
     Terenotriccus erythrurus fulvigularis
     
     
346. Northern Royal-Flycatcher ______ CB  (has been considered conspecific with related South American species: the Amazonian Royal Flycatcher, Pacific Royal Flyatcher, and Atlantic Royal Flycatcher)
     Onychorhynchus mexicanus  (if distinct from other Royal Flycatchers, monotypic) 
     
     
347. Brownish Flycatcher (or BrownishTwistwing) ______ CB
     Cnipodectes subbrunneus panamensis  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
348. Yellow-olive Flycatcher/Flatbill ______ CB
     Tolmomyias sulphurescens flavoolivaceus 
     
     
349. Yellow-margined Flatbill/Flycatcher ______ CB (closely related to Zimmer's Flatbill of South America, with which it has been considered conspecific)
     Tolmomyias (assimilis) flavotectus 
     
     
350. Olivaceous Flatbill ______ CB
     Rhynchocyclus olivaceus bardus
     
     
351. Black-headed Tody-Flycatcher ______ CB 
     Todirostrum nigriceps  (monotypic)
     
     
352. Common Tody-Flycatcher ______ CB,CH
     Todirostrum cinereum wetmorei  (1 of 2 subspecies in Panama)
     
     
353. Slate-headed Tody-Flycatcher ______ CB
     Poecilotriccus (formerly Todirostrum) sylvia schistaceiceps
     
     
354. Northern Bentbill (PNt2) ______ CH  (the 2 Bentbills may be conspecific)
     Oncostoma cinereigulare  (monotypic)
     
     
355. Southern Bentbill ______  CB  (the 2 Bentbills may be conspecific)
     Oncostoma olivaceum  (monotypic)
     
     
356. Pale-eyed Pygmy-Tyrant ______ CB
     Atalotriccus pilaris wilcoxi  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
357. Black-capped Pygmy-Tyrant ______ CB,CH
     Myiornis atricapillus (monotypic)
     
     
358. Yellow Tyrannulet ______  CB
     Capsiempis flaveola semiflava
     
     
359. Yellow-green Tyrannulet (Pe) (Pt2) ______ CB
     Phylloscartes flavovirens  (monotypic)
     
     
360. Torrent Tyrannulet ______ CH
     Serpophaga cinerea grisea
     
     
361. Yellow-bellied Elaenia ______ CB,CH
     Elaenia flavogaster pallidorsalis
     
     
362. Lesser Elaenia ______ CB
     Elaenia c. chiriquensis
     
     
363. Mountain Elaenia ______ CH
     Elaenia f. frantzii
     
     
364. Greenish Elaenia ______ CB
     Myiopagis viridicata accola
     
     
365. Forest Elaenia ______ CB
     Myiopagis gaimardii macilivainii
     
     
366. Southern Beardless Tyrannulet ______ CB,CH
     Camptostoma obsoletum flaviventre
     
     
367. Mouse-colored Tyrannulet ______
     Phaeomyias murina eremonoma
     
     
368. Paltry (or Mistletoe) Tyrannulet ______ CH  (formerly conspecific with what's now Venezuelan Tyrannulet in South America)
     Zimmerius vilissimus parvus
     
     
369. Northern Scrub-Flycatcher ______ CB
     Sublegatus a. arenarum
     
     
370. Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet ______ CB
     Tyrannulus elatus panamensis
     
     
371. Brown-capped Tyrannulet ______ CB 
     Ornithion brunneicapillum
     
     
372. Zeledon's (or White-fronted) Tyrannulet ______ CH  (has been considered conspecific with the Rough-legged Tyrannulet of South America)
     Phyllomyias (burmeisteri) zeledoni
     
     
373. Ochre-bellied Flycatcher ______ CB,CH
     Mionectes oleagineus parcus
     
     
374. Rufous Piha ______ CB
     Lipaugus u. unirufus
     
     
375. Turquoise (or Ridgway's) Cotinga (t3) (Pt1) ______
     Cotinga ridgwayi  (monotypic)
     
     
376. Blue (or Natterer's) Cotinga ______ CB
     Cotinga nattererii  (monotypic)
     
     
377. Purple-throated Fruitcrow ______ CB
     Querula purpurata  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
     
     
378. Three-wattled Bellbird (t3) (PNt3) ______ CH
     Procnias triarunculatus  (monotypic)
     
     
379. Red-capped Manakin ______ CB
     Pipra mentalis ignifera
     
     
380. Blue-crowned Manakin ______ CB
     Lepidothrix coronata minuscula
     
     
381. Lance-tailed Manakin ______ CB
     Chiroxiphia lanceolata  (monotypic)
     
     
382. White-ruffed Manakin ______ CH
     Corapipo a. altera
     
     
383. Golden-collared Manakin ______ CB  (has been considered conspecific with White-collared Manakin, some say both conspecific with White-bearded Manakin of South America)
     Manacus v. vitellinus
     
     
384. (Broad-billed) Sapayoa ______ CB
     Sapayoa aenigma  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus & family)
     
     
385. Thrush-like Schiffornis ______ CB  (has also been called Thrush-like Mourner)
     Schiffornis turdinus panamensis 
     
     
386. Black-chested Jay ______ CB
     Cyanocorax affinis zeledoni
     
     
387. Brown Jay ______
     Cyanocorax m. morio
     
     
388. Rufous-browed Peppershrike ______
     Cyclarhis gujanensis perrygoi
     
     
389. Green Shrike-Vireo ______  CB
     Vireolanius pulchellus viridiceps
     
     
390. Yellow-throated Vireo ______ CB,CH
     Vireo flavifrons  (monotypic)
     
     
391. Yellow-winged Vireo ______ CH
     Vireo carmioli  (monotypic)
     
     
392. Brown-capped Vireo ______ CH  (was conspecific with Warbling Vireo)
     Vireo leucophrys chiriquensis
     
     
393. Philadelphia Vireo ______  CB,CH
     Vireo philadelphicus  (monotypic)
     
     
394. Red-eyed Vireo ______ CB,CH
     Vireo o. olivaceus
     
     
395. Yellow-green Vireo ______ CB,CH
     Vireo f. flavoviridis
     
     
396. Scrub Greenlet ______ CB
     Hylophilus flavipes viridiflavus
     
     
397. Golden-fronted Greenlet ______ CB
     Hylophilus a. aurantiifrons
     
     
398. "Gray-headed" Lesser Greenlet ______ CB,CH
     Hylophilus d. decurtatus 
     
     
399. Black-faced Solitaire ______ CH
     Myadestes melanops  (monotypic)
     
     
400. Orange-billed Nightingale-Thrush ______ CH
     Catharus aurantiirostris russatus
     
     
401. Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush ______ CH
     Catharus fuscater hellmayri
     
     
402. Ruddy-capped Nightingale-Thrush ______ CH
     Catharus frantzii wetmorei
     
     
403. Swainson's Thrush ______ CH
     Catharus ustulatus swainsoni
     
     
404. Sooty Thrush/Robin (PNt3) ______ CH
     Turdus nigrescens  (monotypic)
     
     
405. Mountain Thrush/Robin ______ CH
     Turdus p. plebejus
     
     
406. Pale-vented Thrush/Robin ______ CH (formerly considered conspecific with Cocoa and Hauxwell's Thrushes of South America)
     Turdus o. obsoletus
     
     
407. Clay-colored Thrush/Robin ______ CB,CH,CL
     Turdus grayi casius
     
     
408. White-throated Thrush/Robin ______ CH (formerly considered conspecific with White-necked Thrush of South America)
     Turdis assimilis cnephosus
     
     
409. Tropical Mockingbird (PNi) ______ CB
     Mimus gilvus melanopterus  (introduced from Colombia)
     
     
410. Gray Catbird ______ CH
     Dumetella carlinensis  (monotypic)
     
     
411. (North) American Dipper ______ CH
     Cinclus mexicanus ardesiacus
     
     
412. Mangrove Swallow ______ CB,CL
     Tachycineta albilinea  (monotypic)
     
     
413. Purple Martin ______ CB
     Progne subis  (3 subspecies migrate thru Panama)
     
     
414. Gray-breasted Martin ______ CB,CH 
     Progne c. chalybea
     
     
415. Blue-and-white Swallow ______ CB,CH
     Pygochelidon (has also been Notiochelidon) cyanoleuca  (2 subspecies occur in Panama)
     Pygochelodon c. cyanoleuca  (in Central & northern South America)
     Pygochelodon cyanoleuca patagonia  (a migrant from southern South America)
     
     
416. Northern Rough-winged Swallow ______ CB,CL
     Stelgidopteryx serripennis  (3 subspecies occur in Panama)
     
     
417. Southern Rough-winged Swallow ______ CB,CH
     Stelgidopteryx ruficollis decolor 
     
     
418. Bank Swallow (or Sand Martin) ______ CB
     Riparia r. riparia
     
     
419. Barn Swallow ______ CB,CL
     Hirundo rustica erythrogaster
     
     
420. Cliff Swallow ______ CB
     Petrochelidon (has been Hirundo) pyrrhonota
     
     
421. White-headed Wren (PNt3) ______ CB  (closely related to the Band-backed Wren)
     Campylorhynchus a. albobrunneus  (1 of 2 subspecies in Panama)
     
     
422. Band-backed (or Barred Wren) ______  CH
     Campylorhynchus zonatus costaricensis  (1 of 2 subspecies in Panama)
     
     
423. Black-throated Wren ______
     Thryothorus atrogularis  (monotypic)
     
     
424. Bay Wren ______  CB,CH 
     Thryothorus nigricapillus  (5 subspecies in Panama)
     
     
425. Stripe-breasted Wren ______ CH  (has been considered conspecific with Stripe-throated Wren of South America)
     Thryothorus thoracicus  (monotypic)
     
     
426. Rufous-breasted Wren ______ CB,CH
     Thryothorus rutilus hyperythrus
     
     
427. Black-bellied Wren ______ CB
     Thryothorus fasciatoventris melanogaster
     
     
428. Rufous-and-white Wren ______ CB 
     Thryothorus rufalbus castanonotus
     
     
429. Buff-breasted Wren ______ CB
     Thryothorus leucotis galbraithii
     
     
430. Plain Wren ______ CB,CH
     Thryothorus modestus elutus
     
     
431. (Southern) House Wren ______ CB,CH,CL 
     Troglodytes musculis (or aedon in part) inquietus
     
     
432. Ochraceous Wren ______ CH
     Troglodytes ochraceus ligea
     
     
433. Timberline Wren ______ CH
     Thryorchilus b. browni
     
     
434. White-breasted Wood-Wren ______ CB
     Henicorhina leucosticta darienensis
     
     
435. Gray-breasted Wood-Wren ______ CH
     Henicorhina leucophrys collina
     
     
436. "Panama Nightingale-Wren" ______ CB  (has been called Whistling (Nightingale-) Wren) (closely related to, probably conspcific with Scaly-breasted Wren of South America, Microcerculus marginatus) 
     Microcerculus (marginatus) luscinia  
     
     
437. Song Wren ______ CB  (closely related to Musician Wren of South America)
     Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus lawrencii
     
     
438. Tropical Gnatcatcher ______ CB
     Polioptila plumbea bilineata
     
     
439. Long-billed Gnatwren ______ CB  (probably separate from Straight-billed Gnatwren of South America, Ramphocaenus melanurus)
     Ramphocaenus rufiventris panamensis 
     
     
440. Yellowish Pipit ______ CL
     Anthus lutescens parvus
     
     
441. Long-tailed Silky (-Flycatcher) (PNt3) ______ CH
     Ptilogonys caudatus  (monotypic)
     
     
442. Black-and-white Warbler ______ CB,CH
     Mniotilta varia
     
     
443. Prothonotary Warbler ______ CB
     Protonotaria citrea
     
     
444. Golden-winged Warbler ______ CB,CH
     Vermivora chrysoptera
     
     
445. Blue-winged Warbler ______ CH
     Vermivora pinus
     
     
446. Tennessee Warbler ______ CB,CH
     Vermivora peregrina
     
     
447. Tropical Parula ______ CH
     Parula pitiayumi speciosa
     
     
448. Flame-throated Warbler (PNt3) ______ CH
     Parula gutturalis
     
     
449. Yellow Warbler ______ CB,CL
     Dendroica aestiva (formerly petechia, when Mangrove Warbler not split)
     
     
450. Mangrove Warbler ______ CB (formerly considered part of Yellow Warbler)
     Dendroica erithachorides 
     
     
451. Magnolia Warbler ______ CB
     Dendroica magnolia
     
     
452. Yellow-throated Warbler ______ CH
     Dendroica dominica
     
     
453. Chestnut-sided Warbler ______ CB,CH
     Dendroica pensylvanica 
     
     
454. Black-throated Green Warbler ______ CH
     Dendroica virens 
     
     
455. Blackburnian Warbler ______ CH
     Dendroica fusca
     
     
456. Bay-breasted Warbler ______ CB
     Dendroica castanea
     
     
457. Northern Waterthrush ______ CB
     Seiurus n. noveboracensis
     
     
458. Louisiana Waterthrush ______ CH
     Seiurus motacilla
     
     
459. Mourning Warbler ______ CB,CH
     Oporornis philadelphia
     
     
460. Olive-crowned Yellowthroat ______
     Geothlypis semiflava bairdi
     
     
461. Wilson's Warbler ______ CH
     Wilsonia p. pusilla
     
     
462. American Redstart  ______  CB
     Setophaga ruticilla  (now said to be monotypic) (the single member of its genus)
     
     
463. Slate-throated Whitestart  (or Redstart) ______ CH
     Myioborus miniatus  (2 subspecies in Panama)
     Myioborus miniatus aurantiacus  (west PN)
     Myioborus miniatus ballux  (east PN) 
     
     
464. Collared Whitestart (or Redstart) (PNt3) ______ CH
     Myioborus torquatus  (monotypic)
     
     
465. Golden-crowned Warbler ______ CH
     Basileuterus culicivorus godmani
     
     
466. Chestnut-capped Warbler ______ CB (by some has been considered conspecific with the Rufous-capped Warbler of northern Central America)
     Basileuterus m. mesochrysus  (Another subspecies in Panama, B. m. aqctuosus,  restricted to the offshore Coiba Island)
       
     
467. Black-cheeked Warbler (PNt3) ______ CH
     Basileuterus m. melanogenys
     
     
468. Three-striped Warbler ______ CH
     Basileuterus tristriatus melanotis
     
     
469. Buff-rumped Warbler ______ CH  (closely related to the Riverbank (formerly River) Warbler of South America)
     Basileuterus fulvicauda (3 subspecies in Panama)
     
     
470. Zeledonia (or "Wrenthrush") (PNt3) ______ CH
     Zeledonia coronata  (monotypic)
     
     
471. Bananaquit ______ CB,CL 
     Coereba flaveola mexicana
     
     
472. White-eared Conebill ______ EP
     Conirostrum leucogenys panamense
     
     
473. Scarlet-thighed Dacnis ______ CH
     Dacnis v. venusta
     
     
474. Blue Dacnis ______ CB,CH
     Dacnis cayana ultramarina
     
     
475. Green Honeycreeper ______ CB,CH 
     Chlorophanes spiza aguta
     
     
476. Shining Honeycreeper ______ CB
     Cyanerpes lucidus isthmicus
     
     
477. Red-legged Honeycreeper ______ CB,CH,CL 
     Cyanerpes cyaneus carneipes
     
     
478. Slaty Flower-piercer (PNt3) ______ CH  (closely related to Rusty Flower-piercer of South America)
     Diglossa p. plumbea
     
     
479. Black-and-yellow Tanager ______ CH
     Chrysothlypis c. chrysomelas
     
     
480. Common Bush-Tanager ______ CH
     Chlorospingus ophthalmicus  (3 subspecies in Panama) (throughout its extensive range in Central & South America, there are said to be 27 subspecies)
     Chlorospingus ophthalmicus regionalis  (west PN)
     Chlorospingus ophthalmicus novicius  (area of Boquete & Volcan de Chiriqui east slope)
     Chlorospingus ophthalmicus punctulatus (west PN)
     
     
481. Sooty-capped Bush-Tanager ______ CH
     Chlorospingus pileatus  (2 subspecies in Panama: C. p. pileatus & C. p. diversus)
     
     
482. Yellow-throated Bush-Tanager (PNt3) ______ CH
     Chlorospingus flavigularis hypophaeus
     
     
483. Dusky-faced Tanager ______ CH
     Mitrospingus c. cassinii
     
     
484. Rosy Thrush-Tanager ______ CB
     Rhodinocichla rosea eximia
     
     
485. Gray-headed Tanager ______ CB
     Eucometis penicillata cristata
     
     
486. Sulphur-rumped Tanager (PNt3) ______ CB  (closely related to the Scarlet-Browed Tanager of eastern Panama & northwest South America) 
     Heterospingus rubrifrons  (monotypic)
     
     
487. White-shouldered Tanager ______ CB
     Tachyphonus luctuosus panamensis
     
     
488. Tawny-crested Tanager ______ CB
     Tachyphonus delatrii  (monotypic) 
     
      
489. White-lined Tanager ______ CB,CH
     Tachyphonus rufus  (monotypic)
     
     
490. Red-crowned Ant-Tanager ______ CH
     Habia rubica vinacea
     
     
491. Red-throated Ant-Tanager ______ CB
     Habia fuscicauda willisi
     
     
492. Highland Hepatic-Tanager ______ CH
     Piranga (flava) lutea testacea
     
     
493. Summer Tanager ______ CB,CH
     Piranga r. rubra
     
     
494. Scarlet Tanager ______ CB
     Piranga olivacea  (monotypic)
     
     
495. Flame-colored (or Streak-backed) Tanager ______ CH
     Piranga bidentata citrea 
     
     
496. White-winged Tanager ______ CH
     Piranga leucoptera latifasciata
     
     
497. Crimson-collared Tanager ______ CH
     Phlogothraupis sanguinolenta apricus
     
     
498. Crimson-backed Tanager ______ CB
     Ramphocelus d. dimidiatus
     
     
499. Cherrie's (formerly part of Scarlet-rumped) Tanager (PNt2) ______ CH
     Ramphocelus costaricensis 
     
     
500. Lemon-rumped Tanager ______ CB (has been conspecific with Flame-rumped Tanager of South America)
     Ramphocelus (flammigerus) icteonotus
     
     
501. Blue-gray Tanager ______ CB,CH,CL
     Thraupis episcopus cana
     
     
502. Palm Tanager ______ CB,CH
     Thraupis palmarum atripennis
     
     
503. Blue-and-gold Tanager (nt) (PNt3) ______ CH
     Bangsia a. arcaei
     
     
504. Golden-browed Chlorophonia (PNt3) ______ CH  (at one considered conspecific with the Blue-crowned Chlorophonia of northern Central America)
     Chlorophonia callophrys  (monotypic)
     
     
505. Yellow-crowned Euphonia ______ CB
     Euphonia luteicapilla  (monotypic)
     
     
506. Thick-billed Euphonia ______ CB,CH
     Euphonia laniirostris crassirostris
     
     
507. Elegant (or Blue-hooded) Euphonia ______ CH  (closely related to, and formerly conspecific with Antillean Euphonia of the West Indies & the Golden-rumped Euphonia of South America)  
     Euphonia e. elegantissma 
     
     
508. Fulvous-vented Euphonia ______ CB
     Euphonia f. fulvicrissa
     
     
509. Spot-crowned Euphonia (PNt2) ______
     Euphonia imitans  (monotypic)
     
     
510. Olive-backed Euphonia ______
     Euphonia gouldi praetermissa
     
     
511. Tawny-capped Euphonia (PNt3) ______
     Euphonia a. anneae
     
     
512. Plain-colored Tanager ______ CB
     Tangara inornata languens
     
     
513. Emerald Tanager ______ CH
     Tangara f. florida
     
     
514. Silver-throated Tanager ______ CH
     Tangara icterocephala frantzii
     
     
515. Speckled Tanager ______ CH
     Tangara guttata eusticta
     
     
516. Bay-headed Tanager ______ CH
     Tangara gyrola bangsi
     
     
517. Golden-hooded Tanager ______ CB
     Tangara larvata fanny
     
     
518. Spangle-cheeked Tanager (PNt3) ______ CH
     Tangara dowii  (monotypic)
     
     
519. Black-headed Saltator ______ CB
     Saltator atriceps lacertosus
     
     
520. Buff-throated Saltator ______ CB,CH
     Saltator maximus intermedius
     
     
521. Streaked Saltator ______ CB,CH
     Saltator striatipectus isthmicus
     
     
522. Black-faced Grosbeak ______ CH
     Caryothraustes poliogaster scapularis
     
     
523. Black-thighed Grosbeak (PNt3) ______ CH  (closely related to Mexican Yellow-Grosbeak & Southern Yellow-Grosbeak of South America)
     Pheucticus tibialis  (monotypic)
     
     
524. Rose-breasted Grosbeak ______ CB,CH
     Pheucticus ludovicianus  (monotypic)
     
     
525. Blue-black Grosbeak ______ CB
     Cyanocompsa c. cyanoides
     
     
526. Blue Grosbeak ______
     Guiraca c. caerulea
     
     
527. Indigo Bunting ______ CH
     Passerina cyanea  (monotypic)
     
     
528. Yellow-faced Grassquit ______ CB,CH
     Tiaris olivacea pusillus
     
     
529. Variable Seedeater ______ CB,CH
     Sporophila corvina  (formerly Sporophila aurita) hoffmannii
     (2 other subspecies in Panama: S. c. corvina & S. c. hicksii)
     
     
530. White-collared Seedeater ______ CL
     Sporophila torqueola morelleti
     
     
531. Yellow-bellied Seedeater ______ CB 
     Sporophila n. nigricollis
     
     
532. Ruddy-breasted Seedeater ______ CB
     Sporophila minuta centralis
     
     
533. Thick-billed Seed-Finch ______ CB,CH  (formerly conspecific with what's now Chestnut-bellied Seed-Finch of South America, Oryzoborus angolensis; was collectively called Lesser Seed-Finch)
     Oryzoborus funereus ochrogyne
     
     
534. Blue-black Grassquit ______ CB,CL
     Volatinia jacarina splendens  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
535. Grassland Yellow-Finch (PNt2) ______ CB
     Sicalis luteola eisenmanni
     
     
536. Saffron Finch (PNi) ______ CB
     Sicalis f. flaveola
     
     
537. Yellow-thighed Finch (Pt3) ______ CH
     Pselliophorus tibialis
     
     
538. Yellow-throated Brush-Finch ______ CH 
     Atlapetes gutturalis brunnescens
     
     
539. Orange-billed Sparrow ______ CB
     Arremon a. aurantiirostris
     
     
540. Black-striped Sparrow ______ CB
     Arremonops conirostris striaticeps
     
     
541. Rufous-collared Sparrow ______ CH
     Zonotrichia capensis costaricensis
     
     
542. Volcano Junco ______ CH
     Junco vulcani  (monotypic)
     
     
543. Crested Oropendola ______ CB
     Psarocolius decumanus melanterus
     
     
544. Chestnut-headed Oropendola ______  CB,CH 
     Psarocolius wagleri ridgwayi
     
     
545. Black Oropendola  (PNt2) ______  EP
     Psarocolius guatimozinus
     
     
546. Montezuma Oropendola ______
     Psarocolius montezuma  (monotypic)
     
     
547. "Western" Yellow-rumped Cacique ______ CB  (has been considered conspecific with the "Eastern" Yellow-rumped Cacique of South America)
     Cacicus (cela) vitellinus
     
     
548. Scarlet-rumped Cacique ______ CB
     Cacicus m. microrhynchus
     
     
549. Yellow-billed Cacique ______ CB
     Amblycercus (formerly Cacicus) h. holosericeus
     
     
550. Black-cowled Oriole ______ (formerly conspecific with what's now called Greater Antillean Oriole, Icterus dominicensis in the West Indies)  
     Icterus prosthemelas praecox
     
     
551. Orchard Oriole ______ CB
     Icterus s. spurius
     
     
552. Yellow-backed Oriole ______ CB
     Icterus chrysater giraudii
     
     
553. Yellow-tailed Oriole ______ CB
     Icterus mesomelas carrikeri
     
     
554. Orange-crowned Oriole ______  DL EP
     Icterus auricapillus  (monotypic)
     
     
555. Baltimore Oriole ______ CB,CH (for a while was conspecific with Bullock's Oriole and called Northern Oriole)
     Icteus galbula (monotypic)
     
     
556. Red-breasted Blackbird ______ CB,CL
     Sturnella (formerly Leistes) militaris  (monotypic) 
     
     
557. Eastern Meadowlark ______ CB,CH,CL
     Sturnella magna subulata
     
     
558. Great-tailed Grackle ______ CB,CH,CL
     Quiscalus mexicanus peruvianus
     
     
559. Giant Cowbird ______ CB
     Molothrus oryzivorus impacifa
     
     
560. Bronzed (or Red-eyed) Cowbird ______ CH
     Molothrus a. aeneus
     
     
561. Lesser (or Dark-backed) Goldfinch ______ CB,CH
     Carduelis psaltria colombiana
     
     
562. Yellow-bellied Siskin ______ CH
     Carduelis x. xanthogastra
     
     
563. House Sparrow (PNi) ______ CB,CH 
     Passer domesticus
     
     
     

Mammals & Other Wildlife &Nature during FONT's Panama Tours
  

1. Mantled (Black) Howler Monkey ______ CB
   Alouatta palliata
   
   
2. White-faced/-throated Capuchin (Monkey) ______ CB
   Cebus olivaceus
   
   
3. Red-naped/Geoffrey's Tamarin ______ CB
   Saguinus geoffroyi 
   
   
4. Brown-throated Three-toed Sloth ______ CB
   Bradypus variegatus
   
   
5. Hoffmann's Two-toed Sloth ______ CB
   Choloepus hoffmanni
   
   
6. Northern Tamandua / Banded Anteater ______  CB
   Tamandua mexicana
   
    
7. Central American Agouti ______ CB
   Dasyprocta punctata 
   
   
8. Tayra ______ CB,CL
   Eira barbara
   
   
9. White-nosed Coati ______ CB
   Nasua narica
   
    
10. Nine-banded Long-nosed Armadillo ______ CB
    Dasypus novemcinctus
    
    
11. Capybara ______ CB
    Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris
    
    
12. Common Opossum ______ CB
    Didelphis marsupialis
    
    
13. Collared Peccary ______ CB
    Tayassu tajacu
    
    
14. White-tailed Deer ______
    Odocoileus virginianus
    
    
15. Red-tailed Squirrel ______ CL,CH
    Sciurus granatensis
    
    
16. Variegated Squirrel ______ CB
    Sciurus variegatoides
    
    
17. Arboreal Rice Rat ______ CH
    Oryzomys spp.
    
    
18. Bulldog or Fishing Bat ______ CB
    Noctilio leporinus
    
    
19. other bats ______ CB
    

American/Morelet's Crocodile ______ CB
 
(Speckled) Caiman ______ CB 

Iguana ______ CB 

Basilisk ("Jesus Christ Lizard") ______ CB 

various other lizards ______ CB 
various fresh-water turtles ______ CB
Morpho Butterflies ______ CB  (Butterflies in separate listing) 
various other butterflies & moths ______ CB,CL,CH
Leaf-cutter and other rainforest ants ______ CB

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