PANAMA BIRDS

noting those found during
Focus On Nature Tours 

1998 thru 2015

during the months of 
 February, March, July, August, 
 October and November  



The following list of Panama Birds 
compiled by Armas Hill


Photos at right: KEEL-BILLED TOUCAN (above)
and SNOW-BELLIED HUMMINGBIRD (below)
(Both photos by Marie Grenouillet) 

In the list that follows, there are about 
60 different species of hummingbirds.
Among the links below, there is one to a list
of all the hummingbirds, with photos of many. 

There have been 10 FONT birding tours in Panama.
596 species of birds have cumulatively been seen.

Codes:

(PNe):    endemic to Panama
(PNi):     introduced species in Panama
(t):         a globally threatened or rare species, designated by Birdlife International.
               (t1): critically endangered        (t2): endangered        (t3): vulnerable
(nt):       a near-threatened species globally
(PNt):     a nationally threatened species in Panama 
               (t1): critically endangered        (t2): endangered        (t3): vulnerable
(PNnt):   in Panama, a nationally near-threatened species 
(PNr):     rare, or very rare in Panama

(ph):      species with photo in the FONT website 


In the following list, these codes below when blue relate to birds during FONT tours. Otherwise, these codes are gray.

CB: the Panama Canal Basin, including areas of Panama City, Gamboa, Pipeline and Plantation Roads, Barro Colorado Island, and various other nearby places in the Soberania and Chagres National Parks. On the Caribbean side of the Canal Basin, locations include: the Escobal & Achiote Roads, Fort Sherman, Isla Gaviota, and Sierra Llorona.

Species with an (mp) have occurred at the Metropolitan Park in Panama City. An (r) is a rarity there.
Species with an (sp) have occurred in the Soberania National Park, including Gamboa & the Pipeline Road.
Again, an (r) is a rarity there. (v) is a vagrant.
  

CH: highlands in Chiriqui province, in western Panama

CL: lowlands in Chiriqui province, in western Panama

DL: lowlands in Darien, in eastern Panama  (DN: in Darien in general)

EP: eastern Panama province 


Links to Groupings of Birds in this List:

Tinamous    Chachalacas, Guans, Curassow    Wood Quails, Bobwhite     Waterfowl    Seabirds

Grebes    Ibises, Spoonbill, Stork    Bitterns, Herons, Egrets    Tropicbirds, Pelicans, Boobies

Cormorants & Anhinga    Raptors    Rails & Allies    Shorebirds    Jaegers, Gulls, Terns

Pigeons, Doves    Macaws, Parakeets, Parrots    Cuckoos    Owls    Potoos, Nighthawks, Nightjars

Swifts    Hummingbirds    Trogons    Kingfishers    Motmots    Jacamars    Puffbirds    Barbets

Toucans    Woodpeckers    Tityras, Becards    Cotingas    Manakins    Tyrant-Flycatchers

Antbirds    Tapaculos    Antthrushes, Antpittas    Furnariids    Woodcreepers    Vireos    Jays

Waxwing & Allies    Swallows, Martins    Wrens    Gnatcatchers, Gnatwrens    Thrushes

Mockingbird, Catbird    Dipper    Pipit    Chlorophonias, Euphonias    New World Warblers    

Icterids    Bananaquit    Finches, Sparrows    Tanagers    Conebill, Dacnis, Honeycreepers

Finches, Grassquits, Seedeaters    Dickcissel, Saltators, Grosbeaks, Buntings 


Other Links:

A List & Photo Gallery of Central American Birds, in 4 parts 

Panama Mammals    Mammals in Central America  (with some photos) 

A List & Photo Gallery of Central American Butterflies & Moths, in 6 parts 

Hummingbirds, a 2-part list of them all  (with some photos)

Directory of Photos in the FONT Website

Highlights of some previous FONT tours in Panama  

Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours in Central America

Chronological Listing of upcoming FONT Tours Elsewhere 

Above: a JUVENILE HARPY EAGLE

Between October 2000 & December 2006, nests were found in Panama
of 25 breeding pairs of Harpy Eagles in the province of Darien.
Most were in tropical rain forest at an average altitude 
of nearly 400 feet above sea level, ranging in elevations
from 150 to about 900 feet.
Nest densities are estimated to be 4 to 6 in about 50 square miles.
Each breeding pair occupies from 8 to 12 square miles of forest.
This nesting density of Harpy Eagles is the highest that's known
for the species throughout its entire breeding range. 

The Harpy Eagle is the national bird of Panama.

Bird-List:

1. Great Tinamou  (nt) (*)  ______  CB  sp  DL  EP
   Tinamus major castaneiceps
   
   
2. Little Tinamou  (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  CH  DL  EP
   Crypturellus soui poliocephalus
   
   
3. Choco Tinamou  (t3) (PNt2)  ______
   Crypturellus kerriae
   
   
4. Highland Tinamou  (PNt2)  ______
   Nothocercus bonapartei
   
   
   CHACHLACA, GUANS, CURASSOW
   
   
5. Gray-headed Chachalaca  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH  CL  DL
   Ortalis cinereiceps  (monotypic)
   
   
6. Black Guan  (nt) (PNt3)  ______  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
   Chamaepetes unicolor
   
   
7. Crested Guan  (PNt3) (ph) (*) ______ CB  sp(r)
   Penelope purpurascens aequatorialis
   
   
8. Great Curassow  (nt) (PNt3) (*) ______ CB  sp(r)
   Crax r. rubra
   
   
   WOOD QUAILS & BOBWHITE
   
   
9. Marbled Wood Quail  (nt) (PNt3) (*)  ______  CB  sp
   Odontophorus gujanensis marmoratus 
   
   
10. Black-eared Wood Quail  ______  
    Odontophorus melanotis
    
    The Black-eared Wood Quail is closely related to and has been considered conspecific with the Rufous-fronted Wood Quail, Odontophorus erythrops, of South America, occurring in nearby Colombia.
    There has been no evidence of intergradation between O. melanotis & O. erythrops.     
    
    
11. Black-breasted Wood Quail  (PNt3)  ______  
    Odontophorus leucolaemus
    
    
12. Tacarcuna Wood Quail  (t3) (PNt2)  ______  DN
    Odontophorus dialeucos  
    
    The Tacarcuna Wood Quail was discovered in 1963. It is known only on Tacarcuna Ridge in the Darien of Panama & adjacent Colombia.
    
    
13. Spotted Wood Quail  _______
    Odontophorus guttatus
    
    
14. Tawny-faced Quail  ______  CB  sp(r)
    Rhynchortyx cinctus
    
    
15. Crested Bobwhite  (*)  ______  DL 
    Colinus cristatus  (2 subspecies in Panama)
    Colinus cristatus mariae  (subspecies in northwest Panama, in Chiriqui)
    Colinus cristatus panamensis  (subspecies in southwest Panama) 
    
    The Crested Bobwhite has been considered by some to be conspecific with the more-northerly Spot-bellied Bobwhite.  
    
    
    WATERFOWL
    
    
16. Black-bellied Whistling Duck  (PNt3) (ph) (*) ______  CB  sp  CL  DL  EP
    Dendrocygna a. autumnalis 
    
    
17. Fulvous Whistling Duck  (*) ______
    Dendrocygna bicolor  (monotypic)
    
    
18. White-faced Whistling Duck  (PNr) (PNt1) (ph)  ______  CB  sp(v)
    Dendrocygna viduata
    
    
19. Muscovy Duck  (PNt3) (ph) (*)  ______ CB  sp
    Cairina moschata  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
20. Comb Duck  (PNt1)  ______   
    Sarkidiornis syvicola
    
    The Comb Duck was conspecific with what is now the Knob-billed Duck of Asia & Africa.
    
    
21. Blue-winged Teal  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  sp  CL
    Anas discors  (monotypic)
    
    
22. Mallard  (PNr) (ph)  ______  (a wild bird, not escaped domestic stock, would be a vagrant in Panama)
    Anas platyrhynchos
    
    There was a Panamanian record of a Mallard on the Pacific side of the Canal Area in 1992.  
    
    
23. White-cheeked Pintail  (PNr) (ph)  ______  (a vagrant in Panama)
    Anas bahamensis
    
    
24. Northern Pintail  (PNr) (ph)  ______
    Anas acuta
    
    There have been very few records of the Northern Pintail in Panama. A pair was seen in the Canal Basin in December 1997.
    
    
25. Green-winged Teal  (PNr)  (ph)  ______  CB  (a vagrant in Panama)
    Anas carolinensis
    
    There was a Panamanian record of a male Green-singed Teal in the Canal Basin in December 1996.
    
    
26. Cinnamon Teal  (PNr)  ______
    Anas cyanoptera 
    
    In September 2003, several Cinnamon Teal was present near Panama City, at Costa del Este, in September 2003. 
    They continued in that area for a few weeks.  
    
    
27. Northern Shoveler  (PNr) (ph)  ______
    Anas clypeata
    
    2 Northern Shovelers were near Panama City. at Costa del Este, in October 1997. 
    
    
28. American Wigeon  (ph)  ______  CB  sp(r)
    Anas americana
    
    
29. Ring-necked Duck  (ph)  ______  CB  sp(r)
    Aythya collaris
    
    
30. Lesser Scaup  (ph)  ______  CB  sp
    Aythya affinis
    
    
31. Masked Duck  (PNt3)  ______  CB  sp
    Nomonyx dominicus
    
    
    SEABIRDS
    
    
32. Galagagos Penguin  (t2) (PNr)  _____  (a vagrant in Panama)
    Spheniscus mendiculus
    
    There was a record of a Galapagos Penguin along the Chiriqui coast in 1955, at Puerto Armuelles.
    
    
33. Wandering Albatross  (t3) (PNr)  ______  (offshore, a vagrant in Panama)
    Diomedes exulans
    
    
34. Waved Albatross  (t1) (PNr) (ph)  ______  (offshore, a vagrant in Panama)
    Phoebastria irrorata
    
    Two reports of the Waved Albatross in Panamanian offshore waters of the Pacific Ocean were in February 1941 west on Pinas Bay in Darien, and in September 1964 southwest of the Pearl Islands. 
    
    
35. Gray-headed Albatross  (t3) (PNr)  ______  (offshore, a doubtful record in the 19th Century)  
    Thalassarches chrysostoma
    
    
36. Galapagos Petrel  (t1)  ______  
    Pterodroma phaeopygia 
    
    The Galapagos Petrel was part of the former Dark-rumped Petrel when it was conspecific with the Hawaiian Petrel. 
    
    
37. Parkinson's (or Black) Petrel  (t3)  ______
    Procellaria parkinsoni
    
    
38. Cory's Shearwater  (PNr) (ph)  ______  (offshore, a vagrant in Panama)
    Calonectris diomedea
    
    There was a record of a Cory's Shearwater off the Caribbean coast north of Colon in 1985.
    
    
39. Wedge-tailed Shearwater  ______
    Puffinus pacificus
    
    
40. Sooty Shearwater  (ph)  ______
    Pufinus griseus
    
    
41. Christmas Shearwater  (PNr)  _____  (offshore, a vagrant in Panama)
    Puffinus nativitatis
    
    There was a record of the Christmas Shearwater far offshore off the western Pacific coast in 1990.
    The Christmas Shearwater resembles the Sooty Shearwater.
    
    
42. Townsend's Shearwater  (t1)  ______  (offshore, a vagrant in Panama)
    Puffinus auricularis
    
    
43. Audubon's Shearwater  (PNt2) (ph)  ______
    Puffinus iherminieri
    
    
44. Galapagos Shearwater  _____
    Puffinus subalaris
    
    Until recently, the Galapagos Shearwater was a subspecies of the Audubon's Shearwater.
    
    
45. Manx Shearwater  (PNr)  ______  (offshore, a vagrant in Panama)
    Puffinus puffinus
    
    There was a record of a Manx Shearwater at Isla Margarita off the Caribbean cost, near Colon, in 2003.
     
    
46. Wilson's Storm Petrel  (PNr) (ph)  ______  (offshore, a vagrant in Panama)
    Oceanites oceanicus 
    
    There was a record of a Wilson's Storm Petrel by the Pearl Islands in 1969.
    
    
47. White-vented Storm Petrel  (PNr)  ______  (offshore, a vagrant in Panama)
    Oceanites gracilis
    
    
48. Wedge-rumped Storm Petrel  ______
    Oceanodroma tethys
    
    
49. Black Storm Petrel  ______
    Oceanodroma melania
    
    
50. Markham's Storm Petrel  (PNr)  ______  (offshore, a vagrant in Panama)
    Oceanodroma markhami 
    
    
51. Least Storm Petrel  ______
    Oceanodroma microsoma
    
    
    GREBES
    
    
52. Least Grebe  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  sp  CL
    Tachybaptus (formerly Podiceps) dominicus brachypterus
    
    
53. Pied-billed Grebe  (*)  ______  CB  sp  CL
    Podilymbus podiceps (2 subspecies in Panama)
    Podilymbus p. podiceps  (subspecies in western Panama)
    Podilymbus podiceps antarcticus  (subspecies in eastern Panama)
    
    
    IBISES, SPOONBILL, STORKS
    
    
54. American White Ibis  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  CL  DL
    Eudocimus albus  (monotypic)
    
    
55. Scarlet Ibis  (ph)  ______
    Eudocimus ruber
    
    
56. Glossy Ibis  (ph) (*)  ______
    Plegadis falcinellus  (said to be monotypic)
    
    
57. Green Ibis  ______  CB  sp(v)
    Mesembrinibis cayennensis
    
    
58. Buff-necked Ibis  (ph)  ______
    Theristicus caudatus
    
    
59. Roseate Spoonbill  (ph)  ______
    Ajaia ajaja
    
    
60. Wood Stork  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp(r)  sp(r)  CL  DL  EP
    Mycteria americana  (monotypic)
    
    
61. Jabiru  (ph)  ______
    Jabiru mycteria
    
    
    BITTERNS, HERONS, EGRETS
    
    
62. Least Bittern  (ph)  ______  CB  sp
    Ixobrychus exilis
    
    
63. American Bittern  (PNr) (ph)  ______  (a vagrant in Panama)
    Botaurus lentiginosus
    
    There was a record of an American Bittern in the Canal Area in 1862. 
    
    
64. Rufescent Tiger Heron  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  sp
    Tigrisoma l. lineatum
    
    
65. Bare-throated Tiger Heron (PNt3) (ph) (*)  ______ CL
    Tigrisoma mexicanum  (monotypic)
    
    
66. Fasciated Tiger Heron  ______  CB  sp(r)
    Tigrisoma fasiatum
    
    
67. Agami Heron  (nt) (ph) (*)  ______  CB  sp(r)  DL
    Agamia agami  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus) 
    
    Another name for the Agami Heron is the Chestnut-bellied Heron.
    
    
68. Capped Heron  (ph) (*)  ______  DL
    Pilherodius pileatus   (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
69. Cocoi Heron  (ph) (*)  _____ CB  sp(r)
    Ardea cocoi  (monotypic)
    
    
70. Great Blue Heron  (*)  ______  CB  sp  CL  DL
    Ardea h. herodias
    
    
71. Great Egret  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH  CL  DL  EP
    Casmerodius (has been Ardea) alba egretta
    
    
72. Snowy Egret  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  sp  CH  CL  DL  EP
    Egretta t. thula
    
    
73. Little Blue Heron  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  sp  CL  DL  EP
    Egretta caerulea (monotypic)
    
    
74. Tricolored Heron  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  sp  DL 
    Egretta tricolor ruficollis
    
    The Tricolored Heron was called the Louisiana Heron. 
    
    
75. Reddish Egret  (ph)  ______
    Egretta rufescens
    
    
76. Western Cattle Egret  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  CH  CL  DL  EP
    Bubulcus ibis
    
    The Western Cattle Egret is in parts of Europe & Africa, and now in much of the Americas. The Eastern Cattle Egret, Bubulcus coromandus, is in eastern Asia.  
    
    
77. Green Heron  (*) (ph)  ______ CB  sp  CL  DL
    Butorides v. virescens 
    
    The Green Heron, of North America & much of Central America, was at one time considered conspecific with the nearly-cosmopolitan Striated Heron (below), and it was then called the Green-backed Heron.  
    
    
78. Striated Heron  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  sp  EP  
    Butorides s. striata
    
    
79. Boat-billed Heron  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  sp
    Cochlearius cochlearius panamensis
    
    
80. Black-crowned Night Heron  (*)  ______ CB  sp  CL
    Nycticorax nycticorax hoactli
    
    
81. Yellow-crowned Night Heron  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  EP
    Nyctanassa violacea caliginis  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
    TROPICBIRDS, FRIGATEBIRDS, PELICANS, BOOBIES
    
    
82. White-tailed Tropicbird  (PNr)  (ph)  ______  (a vagrant in Panama)  
    Phaethon lepturus
    
    Two records of the White-tailed Tropicbird off the Caribbean coast of Panama have been in 1936, and more recently 20 kilometers east of the Bocas del Toro coast in March 1990. 
    
    
83. Red-billed Tropicbird  (PNt2) (ph)  ______
    Phaethon aethereus
    
    
84. Magnificent Frigatebird  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CL  DL
    Fregata magnificens  (now said to be monotypic) 
    
    
85. Great Frigatebird  (PNr)  ______  (a vagrant in Panama)
    Fregata minor
    
    Male and female Great Frigatebirds, one of each, were seen and photographed 240 kilometers offshore from Coiba Island in November 2013. 
    The species may occur somewhat regularly in those far offshore Panamanian waters of the Pacific Ocean.    
    
    
86. Brown Pelican  (ph) (*)  ______   CB  mp  sp  CL  DL
    Pelecanus occidentalis carolinensis
    
    
87. American White Pelican  (ph)  ______
    Pelecanus erythrorhynchos
    
    
88. Brown Booby  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  sp(r)
    Sula l. leucogaster (subspecies in the Caribbean)
    Sula leucogaster etesiaca  (subspecies in the Pacific)
    
    
89. Blue-footed Booby  (*)  ______ CB
    Sula n. nebouxii 
    
    
90. Masked Booby  ______
    Sula dactylatra
    
    
91. Nazca Booby  (ph)  ______
    Sula granti
    
    
92. Peruvian Booby  ______
    Sula variegata
     
    
93. Red-footed Booby  (PNr) (ph)  ______  CB  sp(v)
    Sula sula
    
    
    CORMORANTS & ANHINGA
    
    
94. Neotropic Cormorant  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  CL  DL  EP  
    Phalacrocorax b. brasilianus (formerly P. o. olivaceus) 
    
    The Neotropic Cormorant was called the Olivaceous Cormorant. 
    
    
95. Guanay Cormorant  ______
    Phalacrocorax bougainvillii
    
    
96. Anhinga  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  sp  CL  DL
    Anhinga anhinga leucogaster 
    
    
    RAPTORS
    
    
97. King Vulture  (PNt3) (ph) (*)  ______  CB  sp  CL  DL
    Sarcoramphus papa  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
     
98. Turkey Vulture  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH  CL  DL  EP
    Cathartes aura ruficollis  (birds from further north also migrate thru/to Panama) 
    
    Each year in Panama, there is a large migration of Turkey Vultures, passing through in large flocks numbering in the thousands.
    During their southward passage, most enter Panama on the Caribbean slope in Bocas del Toro, and then cross over the Continental Divide in central Panama, continuing south on the Pacific slope in the Canal Basin and in eastern Panama.
    Their northern passage in March and April is less concentrated along particular routes.
    
    The migration of Turkey Vultures is heaviest from early October to mid-November, with the peak being in the last two weeks in October. 
    The number of birds moving through is enormous.
    
    Such a massive Turkey Vulture migration has been seen during FONT tours in the Panama Canal Basin during October.
    
    In 2004, during a raptor watch conducted by the Panama Audubon Society and Hawk Mountain Sanctuary in the US, over 3.1 million raptors were counted during a 6-week period in the fall at 9 sites. 
    The following year, during that raptor watch, the greatest single one day movement was on November 14 when over 640,000 raptors were tallied, with more than 90 per cent of them being Turkey Vultures (counted from Ancon Hill in Panama City).
    Other raptor species were Broad-winged Hawks and Swainson's Hawks (both below)
    
    
99. Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture  (ph) (*)  ______
    Cathartes burrovianus  (monotypic)
    
    
100. Black Vulture  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH  CL  DL  EP
     Coragyps atratus  (now said to be monotypic)  (the only member of its genus)
     
     
101. Northern Crested Caracara  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH  CL  EP
     Caracara cheriway  (monotypic)
     
     The Northern Crested Caracara was conspecific with what is now the Southern Caracara, Caracara plancus, of South America, generally south of the Amazon. 
     
     
102. Yellow-headed Caracara  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CL  DL  EP 
     Milvago chimachima cordata
     
     
103. Red-throated Caracara  (PNt3) (*)  ______  CB  sp(v)  DL
     Ibycter americanus  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
104. Laughing Falcon  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  CH  DN  EP
     Herpstotheres c. cachinnans
     
     
105. Barred Forest Falcon  (*)  ______ CB  sp  CH
     Micrastur ruficollis interstes
     
     
106. Slaty-backed Forest Falcon  (PNt3) (*)  ______  CB  sp(r)  CH
     Micrastur mirandollei  (monotypic)
     
     
107. Collared Forest Falcon  (*)  ______ CB  mp
     Micrastur semitorquatus naso
     
     
108. American Kestrel  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  CH  DL  EP
     Falco s. sparverius  (subspecies from further north in North America that winters in Panama)
     
     
109. Merlin  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  CH
     Falco c. columbarius
     
     
110. Aplomado Falcon  (PNt2) (ph) (*)  ______
     Falco f. femoralis
     
     
111. Bat Falcon  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  CH  CL
     Falco r. petoensis
     
     
112. Peregrine Falcon  (PNt3) (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CL
     Falco peregrinus anatum  (subspecies from further north in North America that winters in Panama)
     
     
113. Orange-breasted Falcon  (nt) (PNt2) (ph)  ______
     Falco deiroleucos
     
     
114. Osprey  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CL
     Pandion haliaetus carolinensis  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
115. Gray-headed Kite  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  DL
     Leptodon c. cayanensis  (the single member of its genus) 
     
     Another name for the Gray-headed Kite has been the Cayenne Kite.
     
     
116. Hook-billed Kite  (*)  ______  CB  sp  DL
     Chondrohierax u. uncinatus  (the single member of its genus)
     
      
117. Swallow-tailed Kite  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  sp  CH  EP
     Elanoides forficatus  (the single member of its genus)  (2 subspecies in Panama, E. f. foficatus, &  e, f. yetapa) 
     
     The Swallow-tailed Kite is the earliest raptor migrant in Panama. It passes south from mid-July to early September, and returns, passing northward, in late January and February.    
     While most nest further north, some breed in Panama and they too migrate to South America during their non-breeding season.    
     
     
118. Pearl Kite  (*)  ______  DL
     Gampsonyx swainsonii leonae  (the single member of its genus)
       
     
119. White-tailed Kite  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  CH  CL  DL  EP
     Elanus leucurus majusculus
     
     
120. Double-toothed Kite  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH
     Harpagus bidentatus fasciatus
     
     
121. Plumbeous Kite  (*)  ______ CB  sp  DN
     Ictinia plumbea  (monotypic)
     
     Migrant Plumbeous Kites move south in Panama from early August to late September, and north from early February to mid-March.
     While others nest further north, some breed in Panama and they too migrate to South America during their non-breeding season.
     
     
122. Mississippi Kite  ______  CB  mp  sp
     Ictinia mississippiensis 
     
     Mississippi Kites migrate south through Panama mainly in October and north from mid-March to mid-April.
     
     
123. Snail Kite  (ph) (*)   ______ CB  sp  CL
     Rostrhamus s. sociabilis
     
     
124. Slender-billed Kite  (PNt3)  ______
     Helicolestes (formerly Rostrhamus) hamatus
     
     
125. Crane Hawk  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  DL
     Geranospiza caerulesens nigra  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
126. Black-collared Hawk  (PNt1) (ph)  ______
     Busarellus nigricollis
     
     
127. Northern Harrier  (ph) (*)  ______ 
     Circus hudsonius 
     
     The Northern Harrier was merged with the Eurasian species, the Hen Harrier, Circus cyaneus.
     
     
128. Long-winged Harrier  (PNr) (ph)  ______  (a vagrant in Panama) 
     Circus buffoni
     
     Three Panamanian records of the Long-winged Harrier, a South American bird, have been: 
     1 in August 1995 at Tocumen Marsh, 1 in Darien in January 2001, and another, seen and photographed in June 2006 again at the Tocumen Marsh. 
     
     
129. Sharp-shinned Hawk  (ph) (*)  ______ CH
     Accipiter striatus velox  (subspecies from further north in North America that winters in Panama)  
     
     
130. Tiny Hawk  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Accipiter supercilliosus fontanieri
     
     
131. Bicolored Hawk  (PNt3) (*)  ______  CB  mp  EP
     Accipiter bicolor
     
     
132. Cooper's Hawk  (PNr) (ph)  ______  (a vagrant in Panama) 
     Accipiter cooperi 
     
     Two Panamanian records of the Cooper's Hawk were in 1994 & 2001, both in Chiriqui and both in March.
     
     
133. Plumbeous Hawk  (nt) (PNt3) (*)  ______ CB  sp(r)
     Leucopternis plumbea  (monotypic)
     
     
134. Semiplumbeous Hawk  (PNt3) (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Leucopternis semiplumbeus  (monotypic)
     
     
135. White Hawk  (ph) (*)   ______  CB  sp
     Leucopternis albicollis costaricensis
     
      
136. Barred Hawk  ______  
     Leucopternis princeps  (monotypic) 
     
     Other names for the Barred Hawk have been "Black-chested Hawk" and "Prince Hawk". 
     
     
137. Common Black Hawk  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Buteogallus a. anthracinus
     
     
138. Mangrove (or Pacific) Black Hawk  (*)  ______  CB  mp  CL  
     Buteogallus (anthracinus) subtilis bangsi
     
     The "Mangrove Black Hawk" is best considered a form of the Common Black Hawk. 
     
     
139. Great Black Hawk  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  sp  CL
     Buteogallus urubitinga ridgwayi
     
     
140. Savanna Hawk  (ph)  (*)  ______ CB  sp  EP
     Buteogallus meridionalis  (monotypic)
     
     
141. Bay-winged Hawk  (PNr) (ph) (*)   ______ DL  
     Parabuteo unicinctus harrisis  (the single member of its genus)
     
     In North America, Parabuteo unicinctus is called the Harris' Hawk.   
     
     
142. Gray-lined Hawk  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CL  EP
     Buteo (was Asturina) nitidus costaricensis
     
     The Gray-lined Hawk was merged with the more-northerly Gray Hawk, Buteo plagiatus, from central Costa Rica north into the southwest US.   
     
     
143. Roadside Hawk  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH  CL  EP  DL
     Rupornis magnirostris  (formerly Buteo magnirostris)  (3 subspecies in Panama, including one. B. m. alius, restricted to the offshore Pearl Island)
     Rupornis magnirostris griseocauda  (subspecies in most of Panama)
     Rupornis magnirostris petulans  (subspecies in western Panama)
     
     
144. Broad-winged Hawk  (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  CH
     Buteo p. platypterus  (migrant that breeds further north in North America)
     
     
145. Swainson's Hawk  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH  CL
     Buteo swainsoni  (monotypic)  (migrant that breeds further north in North America; some occasionally winter in Panama)
     
     
146. Short-tailed Hawk  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH  DL
     Buteo brachyurus fuliginosus
     
     
147. White-tailed Hawk  (*)  ______  CB  mp  CL
     Geranoaetus albicaudatus hypospodius  (formerly Buteo albicaudatus hypospodius)
     
     
148. Zone-tailed Hawk  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp CH
     Buteo albonotatus  (monotypic)
     
     
149. Red-tailed Hawk  (ph) (*)  ______  CH
     Buteo jamaicensis costaricensis
     
     
150. Montane Solitary Eagle  (nt) (PNt2)  ______
     Harpyhaliaetus solitarius
     
     
151. Crested Eagle  (nt) (PNt2)  ______  CB  sp(v)
     Morphus guianensis
     
     
152. Harpy Eagle  (nt) (PNt2) (ph)  ______  CB  sp(v)
     Harpia harpyja
     
     
153. Black-and-white Hawk Eagle  (PNt2)  ______ 
     Spizastur melanoleucus
     
     
154. Black Hawk-Eagle  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Spizaetus tyrannus serus
     
     
155. Ornate Hawk Eagle  (nt)  (ph)  ______  CB  mp(r)  sp(r)
     Spizaetus ornatus
     
     
     RAILS & ALLIES 
     
     
156. White-throated Crake  (*)  ______ CB  sp  CH  DL
     Laterallus a. albigulais 
     
     
157. Gray-breasted Crake  ______
     Laterallus exilis
     
     
158. Black Rail  (nt) (PNt2)  ______
     Laterallus jamaicensis
     
     
159. Ruddy Crake  (PNr)  ______  (possibly a vagrant in Panama, but maybe overlooked)
     Laterallus ruber
     
     One Ruddy Crake was seen at a marsh in Bocas del Toro in March 2006.
     
     
160. Clapper Rail  (PNt2) (ph)  ______
     Rallus longirostris
     
     
161. Gray-necked Wood Rail  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  sp  CH
     Aramides c. cajanea
     
     
162. Rufous-necked Wood Rail  (PNt2)  ______
     Aramides axillaris 
     
     Records of the Rufous-necked Wood Rail in Panama have been from late December to early March, suggesting that the species is only in the country seasonally.
     
     
163. Uniform Crake  (PNt3) (*)  ______  CB  sp(r)
     Amaurolimnas concolor
     
     
164. Sora (Crake) (*)  ______
     Porzana carolina  (monotypic)
     
     
165. Yellow-breasted Crake  ______  CB  sp
     Porzana flaviventer
     
     
166. Colombian Crake  (PNt2)  ______
     Neocrex colombianus 
     
     In the book "A Bird-Finding Guide to Panama" by Angehr, and Engleman & Engelman, published in 2008, it is stated there have been no recent records of the Colombian Crake in Panama.
     The species did occur in the early 1980s at the Tocuman Marsh where it apparently bred, and it was also found near Achiote, where one was collected in 1965. 
     But subsequently there were no records from Tocuman Marsh or anywhere else in Panama after 1984.     
     
     
167. Paint-billed Crake  (PNt2)  ______
     Neocrex erythrops
     
     
168. Spotted Rail  (PNt2)  ______
     Pardirallus maculatus
     
     
169. Common Gallinule  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  sp  CL
     Gallinula galeata cachinnans
     
     
170. Purple Gallinule  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  sp  CL  DL
     Porphyrula martinica  (monotypic)
     
     
171. American Coot  (*)  ______  CB  sp  CH
     Fulica a. americana
     
     
     SUNGREBE & SUNBITTERN, LIMPKIN 
     
     
172. Sungrebe  (ph)  ______  CB  sp
     Heliornis fulica  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus) 
     
     
173. Sunbittern  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  sp  CH
     Eurypyga helias major  (a single member of its genus & family)
     
     
174. Limpkin  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Aramus g. guarauna  (the single member of its genus & family)
     
     
     SHOREBIRDS
     
     
175. Northern Jacana  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  sp(v) CL
     Jacana s. spinosa
     
     
176. Wattled Jacana  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  sp  DL  EP
     Jacana jacana hypomelaena
     
     
177. American Oystercatcher  (ph) (*)  ______  CL
     Haematopus palliatus
     
     
178. Southern Lapwing  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  CL  DL  EP
     Vanellus chilensis cayennensis
     
     
179. Black-bellied (or Grey) Plover  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  CL
     Pluvialis squatarola cynosurae
     
     
180. American Golden Plover  (ph)  ______  
     Pluvialis dominica
     
     
181. Wilson's (or Thick-billed) Plover  (ph) (*)  ______ CB
     Charadrius wilsonia beldingi
      
     
182. Collared Plover  (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Charadrius collaris  (monotypic)
     
     
183. Semipalmated Plover  (ph) (*)  ______ CB
     Charadrius semipalmatus  (monotypic)
     
     
184. Killdeer  (PNt2) (ph) (*)  ______  CL
     Charadrius v. vociferus
     
     
185. Snowy Plover  (ph)  ______
     Charadrius nivosus
     
     
186. Black-necked Stilt  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  CL  
     Himantopus mexicanus
     
     The Black-necked Stilt was said, at one time, by some to be conspecific with the Black-winged Stilt, Himantopus himantopus, of the Old World.
     
     
187. American Avocet  (ph)  ______
     Recurvirostra americana
     
     
188. "Western" Willet  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  CL  DL
     Tringa (formerly Catoptrophorus) semipalmatus inornatus
     
     
189. "American" Whimbrel  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  CL
     Numenius phaeopus hudsonicus
     
     
190. Long-billed Curlew  (nt) (PNr) (ph) (*)  ______ CB
     Numenius a. americanus
     
     
191. Marbled Godwit  (ph) (*)  ______ CB
     Limosa f. fedoa
     
     
192. Hudsonian Godwit  (ph)  ______
     Limosa haemastica
     
     
193. Upland Sandpiper  ______
     Bartramia longicauda  (the single member of its genus) 
     
     
194. Greater Yellowlegs  (*)  ______ CB  CL
     Tringa melanoleuca  (monotypic)
     
     
195. Lesser Yellowlegs  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  sp  CL
     Tringa flavipes  (monotypic)
     
     
196. Solitary Sandpiper  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  sp  DL
     Tringa solitaria  (2 subspecies in Panama, T. s. solitaria & T. s. cinnamomea)
     
     
197. Wandering Tattler  ______
     Heteroscelus (some say Tringa) brevipes
     
     
198. Spotted Sandpiper  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH  CL  DL
     Actitis macularia  (monotypic)
     
     
199. Ruddy Turnstone  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  CL
     Arenaria interpres morinella
     
     
200. Surfbird  (*)  ______ CB
     Aphriza virgata  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
     
     
201. Red Knot  (ph) (*)  ______ CB
     Calidris canutus rufa
     
     
202. Sanderling  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  CL
     Calidris alba rubida
     
     
203. Semipalmated Sandpiper  (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Calidris pusilla  (monotypic)
     
     
204. Western Sandpiper  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Calidris mauri  (monotypic)
     
     
205. Least Sandpiper  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Calidris minutilla  (monotypic)
     
     
206. White-rumped Sandpiper  (ph) (*)  ______ CB
     Calidris fuscicollis  (monotypic)
     
     
207. Baird's Sandpiper  (ph)  ______
     Calidris bairdii
     
     
208. Pectoral Sandpiper  (ph)  ______
     Calidris melanotos
     
     
209. Dunlin  (ph)  ______
     Calidris alpina
     
     
210. Stilt Sandpiper  (ph)  ______
     Calidris (formerly Micropalama) himantopus
     
     
211. Buff-breasted Sandpiper  (nt) (ph)  ______
     Tryngites subruficollis  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
212. Ruff / Reeve (ph)  ______
     Philomachus pugnax  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
213. Short-billed Dowitcher  (ph) (*)  ______ CB
     Limnodromus griseus  (3 subspecies can occur in Panama)
     
     
214. Long-billed Dowitcher  ______
     Limnodromus scolopaceus
     
     
215. Wilson's Snipe  (ph)  ______  CB  sp  
     Gallinago delicata
     
     The Wilson's Snipe was part of the Common Snipe of the Old World, Gallinago gallinago.
     
     
216. Wilson's Phalarope  ______
     Phalaropus tricolor
     
     
217. Red-necked Phalarope  (ph)  ______
     Phalaropus lobatus
     
     
     JAEGERS, GULLS, TERNS, SKIMMER
     
     
218. Pomarine Jaeger  (ph)  ______  
     Stercorarius pomarinus
     
     
219. Parasitic Jaeger  (ph)  ______  CB  sp(r)
     Stercorarius parasiticus
     
     
220. Long-tailed Jaeger  (ph)  ______
     Stercorarius longicaudus
     
     
221. South Polar Skua  (ph)  ______
     Stercoraius (formerly Catharacta) maccormicki
     
     
222. Laughing Gull  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  sp  CL  DL
     Leucophaeus (formerly Larus) atricilla megalopterus
     
     
223. Franklin's Gull  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  sp(r)
     Leucophaeus (formerly Larus) pipixcan  (monotypic)
     
     
224. Gray-hooded Gull  (ph)  ______
     Larus cirrocephalus
     
     
225. Bonaparte's Gull  (ph)   ______
     Chroicocephalus (formerly Larus) philadelphia
     
     
226. Gray Gull  (ph)  ______
     Larus modestus
     
     
227. Belcher's Gull  ______  (was part of Band-tailed Gull)
     Larus belcheri
     
     
228. Ring-billed Gull  (PNr) (ph) (*)   ______ CB  sp(r)
     Larus delawarensis  (monotypic)
     
     
229. "American" Herring Gull  (PNr) (*)  ______ CB  sp(r)  (seen during a FONT tour on the Pacific side)
     Larus argentatus smithsonianus
     
     
230. Lesser Black-backed Gull  (PNr) (ph) (*)  ______ CB (seen during a FONT tour on the Caribbean side)
     Larus fuscus graelisii   
     
     3 immature Lesser Black-backed Gulls in Panama City in April 2009 were said to be first of that species recorded in the country since 1998.  
     
     
231. Kelp Gull  (PNr) (ph)  ______  CB
     Larus dominicanus
     
     A Kelp Gull along the Pacific coast in Panama City, in a report published in 2009, was said to be first record in the country since 2001. 
      
     
232. Sabine's Gull  (ph)  ______
     Xema sabini
     
     
233. Swallow-tailed Gull  (ph)  ______
     Creagrus furcatus
     
     
234. Black-legged Kittiwake  (PNr)  ______  CB  (a vagrant in Panama)
     Rissa tridactyla
     
     A Black-legged Kittiwake, photographed in Panama City at Costa del Este, on April 2, 2009, was said to be the first record of that species for the country.   
     
     
235. Gull-billed Tern  (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Gelochelidon (formerly Sterna) nilotica aranea
     
     
236. Caspian Tern  (ph) (*)  ______ CB
     Hydroprogne (formerly Sterna) c. caspia 
     
     
237. Royal Tern  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  sp  CL
     Thalasseus (formerly Sterna) m. maxima
     
     
238. Sandwich Tern  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  sp  CL
     Thalasseus (formerly Sterna) sandvicensis acuflavidus
     
     
239. Elegant Tern  (nt) (ph)  ______
     Thalasseus (formerly Sterna) elegans
     
     
240. Common Tern  (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Sterna h. hirundo
     
     
241. Forster's Tern  (ph) (*)  ______ CB
     Sterna forsteri  (monotypic)
     
     
242. Arctic Tern  (PNr)   ______  (a vagrant in Panama)
     Sterna paradisaea
     
     Two records of the Arctic Tern in Panama have been: an adult offshore from Pinas Bay, in Darien in March 1995, and a first-winter bird near Panama City, at Costa del Este, in October 1997. 
     
     
243. Least Tern  ______  CB  sp
     Sternula (formerly Sterna) antillarum
     
     
244. Yellow-billed Tern  (PNr)  ______
     Sternula (formerly Sterna) superciliaris
     
     Two Panamanian records of the Yellow-billed Tern, a South American bird, were one in July 1996 at Aguadulce, and one at El Agallito Beach near Chitre in April 1998. 
     Previously, there was a record in Panama in 1977 at Coco Solo.  
     
     
245. Bridled Tern  (ph)  ______
     Onychopion anaethetus
     
     
246. Sooty Tern  (PNt3)  (ph)  ______  CB  sp(v)
     Onychopion fuscata
     
     
247. Large-billed Tern  (ph)  ______
     Phaetusa simplex
     
     
248. Black Tern  (ph)  ______  CB  sp
     Chlidonias niger surinamensis
     
     
249. Inca Tern  (ph)  ______
     Larosterna inca
     
     
250. Brown Noddy  (PNt2)  ______  CB  sp(v)
     Anous stolidus
     
     
251. Black Noddy  (PNr)  ______  (a vagrant in Panama)
     Anous minutus 
     
     One Panamanian record of the Black Noddy was a bird seen at the Isla Frailes del Norte, off the south coast of Los Santos, in September 1998.
     
     
252. White Tern  ______
     Gygis alba
     
     
253. Black Skimmer  (ph) (*)  ______ CB
     Rynchops n. niger
     
     
     PIGEONS & DOVES
     
     
254. Feral Pigeon (i) (*)  ______ CB  mp  CH  DL  EP 
     Columba livia
     
     
255. Band-tailed Pigeon  (ph) (*)  ______ CH
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) fasciata crissalis
     
     
256. Scaled Pigeon  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) speciosa  (monotypic)
     
     
257. Pale-vented Pigeon  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CL  DL
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) cayennensis pallidicrissa
     
     
258. Ruddy Pigeon  (t3) (PNt3) (*) ______ CH
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) s. subvinacea
     
     
259. Short-billed Pigeon  (*)  ______ CB  sp  EP
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) nigrirostris  (monotypic)
     
     
260. White-crowned Pigeon  (nt) (PNt2)  ______
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) leucocephala
     
     
261. Plumbeous Pigeon  (PNt3)  ______
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) plumbea
     
     
262. Dusky Pigeon  ______  
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) goodsoni
     
     
263. Plain-breasted Ground Dove  (*)  ______  CB  sp(r)  DL
     Columbina minuta alaeodes
     
     
264. Ruddy Ground Dove  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  CH  CL  DL  EP
     Columbina talpacoti rufipennis
     
     
265. Common Ground Dove  (PNt3) (ph)  ______
     Columbina passerina
     
     
266. Blue Ground Dove  (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  DL
     Claravis pretiosa  (monotypic)
     
     
267. Maroon-chested Ground Dove  (PNt3)  ______
     Claravis mondetours
     
     
268. Mourning Dove (PNt3) (*)  ______ CL
     Zenaida macroura turturilla
     
     
269. Eared Dove  (ph)  ______
     Zenaida auriculata
     
     
270. White-winged Dove  (PNt3) (ph)  ______
     Zenaida asiatica
     
     
271. White-tipped Dove  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH  CL  DL  EP  (was called White-fronted Dove)
     Leptotila v. verreauxi
     
     
272. Gray-chested Dove  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Leptotila c. cassinii
     
     
273. Gray-headed Dove  (PNt3)  ______
     Leptotila plumbiceps
     
     
274. Brown-backed Dove  (t3) (PNt2) (PNe)  ______ (has been considered conspecific with the Gray-headed Dove)
     Leptotila battyi
     
     The Brown-backed Dove is one of only less than a dozen species endemic to Panama.
     
     
275. Buff-fronted Quail-Dove  (PNt3) (*)  ______ CH
     Geotrygon costaricensis  (monotypic)
     
     
276. Olive-backed Quail-Dove  ______  CB  sp(r)
     Geotrygon veraquensis
     
     
277. Chiriqui Quail-Dove  (PNt3)  ______
     Geotrygon chiriquensis
     
     
278. Purplish-backed Quail-Dove  (PNt3)  ______
     Geotrygon lawrencii
     
     
279. Russet-crowned Quail-Dove  (nt) (PNt3)  ______
     Geotrygon goldmani
     
     
280. Violaceous Quail-Dove  (PNt3)  ______  CB  sp
     Geotrygon violacea
     
     
281. Ruddy Quail-Dove  (*)  ______  CB  sp
     Geotrygon montana
     
     
     MACAWS, PARAKEETS, & PARROTS
     
     
282. Red-and-green Macaw  (PNt2) (ph) (*)  ______  DL
     Ara chloropterus
     
     
283. Blue-and-yellow Macaw  (PNt2) (ph)  ______
     Ara ararauna
     
     
284. Great Green Macaw  (t3) (PNt2) (ph)  ______
     Ara ambigua
     
     
285. Scarlet Macaw  (PNt2) (ph)  ______
     Ara macao
     
     
286. Chestnut-fronted Macaw  (PNt2)  ______
     Ara severus
     
     
287. Sulphur-winged Parakeet  (PNt3) (*)  ______ CH
     Pyrrhura hoffmanni gaudens
     
     
288. Azuero Parakeet  (PNt2) (PNe)  ______  
     Pyrrhura eisenmanni 
     
     The "Azuero Parakeet" has been considered part of the Painted Parakeet, Pyrrhura picta.  If a valid species, it is one of only less than a dozen endemic to Panama. 
     
     
289. Crimson-fronted Parakeet  (*)  ______  CH
     Aratinga finschi  (monotypic) 
     
     Another name for the Crimson-fronted Parakeet has been the Finch's Conure.
     
     
290. Brown-throated Parakeet  (*)  ______ CL  DL  
     Aratinga ocularis 
     
     Included here within the Brown-throated Parakeet is a Panamanian form that is by some considered a distinct species, the Veragua Parakeet, Aratinga (pertinax) ocularis.  
     
     
291. Aztec Parakeet  (ph)  ______  
     Aratinga astec 
     
     What is now the Aztec Parakeet was considered to be part of the Olive-throated Parakeet when it included the population on the Caribbean island of Jamaica. 
     
     
292. Barred Parakeet  (PNt3)  ______
     Bolborhynchus lineola
     
     
293. Spectacled Parrotlet  (PNt3) (*)  ______  EP
     Forpus conspicillatus
     
     
294. Red-fronted Parrotlet  (t3) (PNt3)  ______
     Touit costaricensis
     
     
295. Blue-fronted Parrotlet  (PNt3)  ______
     Touit dilectissima
     
     
296. Orange-chinned Parakeet  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  DL  EP
     Brotogeris j. jugularis 
     
     Another name for Brotogeris jugularis has been the Tovi Parakeet.
     
     
297. Brown-hooded Parrot  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp(r)  sp  DL  EP
     Pionopsitta haematotis coccinicollaris
     
     
298. Saffron-headed Parrot  (t3) (PNt2)  ______
     Pionopsitta pyrilia
     
     
299. Blue-headed Parrot  (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  DL
     Pionus menstruus rubigularis 
     
     
300. White-crowned Parrot  (PNt2) (*)  ______ CH
     Pionus senilis  (monotypic)
     
     
301. Red-lored (or Yellow-cheeked) Amazon  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CL  DL
     Amazona autumnalis salvini
     
     Another name for Amazona autumnalis has been the Yellow-cheeked Amazon.
     
     
302. Yellow-crowned Amazon  (PNt3) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CL  DN
     Amazona ochrocephala panamensis 
     
     The Yellow-headed Amazon of northern Central America, Amazona oratrix, was said to be a subspecies of the Yellow-crowned Amazon. 
     The Yellow-naped Amazon of middle Central America, Amazona auropalliata, is also closely related.
     
     
303. Mealy Amazon  (*)  ______ CB  sp  DL
     Amazona farinosa inornata
     
     Another name for Amazona farinosa is Blue-crowned Amazon.
     
     
     CUCKOOS
     
     
304. Black-billed Cuckoo  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Coccyzus erythrophalmus  (monotypic)
     
     
305. Yellow-billed Cuckoo  ______  CB  mp sp
     Coccyzus americanus
     
     
306. Dark-billed Cuckoo  ______
     Coccyzus melacoryphus
     
     
307. Gray-capped Cuckoo  ______
     Coccyzus lansbergi
     
     
308. Mangrove Cuckoo  (ph)  ______
     Coccyzus minor
     
     
309. Dwarf Cuckoo  ______
     Coccyzus pumilus
     
     
310. Squirrel Cuckoo  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH  DL  EP
     Piaya cayana thermophila
     
     
311. Little Cuckoo  ______  CB  sp(r)
     Coccycus minuta
     
     
312. Greater Ani  (*)  ______ CB  sp  DL
     Crotophaga major  (monotypic)
     
     
313. Groove-billed Ani  (ph) (*)  ______ CH
     Crotophaga sulcirostris  (now monotypic, as a "second form" in Mexico now extinct)
     
     
314. Smooth-billed Ani  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CL  DL  EP
     Crotophaga ani  (monotypic)
     
     
315. Striped Cuckoo  (*)  ______ CB  sp  CH  DL
     Tapera naevia excellens
     
     
316. Pheasant Cuckoo  (*)  ______  CB  mp(r)  sp(r)  EP
     Dromococcyx phasianellus
     
     
317. Rufous-vented Ground Cuckoo  ______  CB  sp(r)
     Neomorphus geoffroyi
     
     
     OWLS
     
     
318. American Barn Owl  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  DL  
     Tyto furcata pratincola
     
     The American Barn Owl has been part of the Barn Owl of Eurasia & Africa, Tyto alba.
     But Tyto furcata is a heavier bird, with a larger and stouter head and body, and with much more powerful talons.
     
     
319. Tropical Screech Owl  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH 
     Megascops (formerly Otus) choliba luctisonus
     
     
320. Vermiculated Screech Owl  ______  CB  mp  sp
     Megascops (formerly Otus) vermiculatus
     
     
321. Bare-shanked Screech Owl  (PNt3)  ______
     Megascops (formerly Otus) clarkii
     
     
322. Crested Owl  (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Lophostrix cristata wedeli  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
323. Ferruginous Pygmy Owl  (ph) (*)  ______  
     Glaucidium brasilianum 
     
     
324. Costa Rican Pygmy Owl  ______  
     Glaucidium costaricanum
     
     The Costa Rican Pygmy Owl was considered part of the Andean Pygmy Owl of South America.
     
     
325. Central American Pygmy Owl  ______  CB  sp  
     Glaucidium griseiceps 
     
     The Central American Pygmy Owl was part of the Least Pygmy Owl. 
     
     
326. Burrowing Owl  (PNr) (ph)  ______
     Athene cunicularia
     
     There was a Panamanian record of a Burrowing Owl, a long time ago, in Chiriqui in 1900.  
     
     
327. Great Horned Owl  (PNr) (PNt2) (ph)  ______ 
     Bubo virginianus 
     
     There have only been a couple records of the Great Horned Owl in Panama. One was in Veraguas in 1868, adn the other near Coiba Island in 1956.   
     
     
328. Spectacled Owl  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Pulsatrix perspicillata chapmani
     
     
329. Mottled Owl  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Strix v. virgata
     
     
330. Black-and-white Owl  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Strix nigrolineata  (monotypic)
     
     
331. Striped Owl  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  DL
     Pseudoscops (formerly Asio) clamator forbesi
     
     
332. Unspotted Saw-whet Owl  (PNt3)  ______
     Aegolius ridgewayi
     
     
     POTOOS, OILBIRD, NIGHTHAWKS, NIGHTJARS
     
     
333. Common Potoo  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  (has also been called Gray Potoo)
     Nyctibius griseus panamensis 
     
     
334. Great Potoo  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Nyctibius g. grandis
     
     
335. Oilbird  (PNt2)  ______  CR  sp(r)
     Steatornis caripensis
     
     
336. Short-tailed Nighthawk  (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Lurocalis semitorquatus noctivagus
     
     Another name for Lurocalis semitorquatus has been the Semicollared Nighthawk.
     
     
337. Lesser Nighthawk  (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  CL
     Chordeiles acutipennis  (at least 2 subspecies occur in Panama as migrants)
     
     
338. Common Nighthawk  (*)  ______ CB  mp
     Chordeiles minor panamensis  (other subspecies occur in panama as migrants)
     
     
339. Pauraque  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CL  DL
     Nyctidromus albicollis  (the single member of its genus)  (2 subspecies in Panama)
     Nyctidromus albicollis intercedens  (subspecies in western Panama)
     Nyctidromus albicollis gilvus  (subspecies in central & eastern Panama)
     
     
340. Ocellated Poorwill  ______
     Nyctiphrynus ocellatus
     
     
341. Rufous Nightjar  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Antrostomus (formerly Caprimulgus) rufus minimus
     
     
342. Chuck-will's-widow  ______  CB  sp
     Antrostomus (formerly Caprimulgus) carolinenis
     
     
343. Eastern Whip-poor-will  ______
     Antrostomus (formerly Caprimulgus) vociferus
     
     
344. Dusky Nightjar  (PNt3)  ______
     Antrostomus (formerly Caprimulgus) saturatus
     
     
345. White-tailed Nightjar  (*)  ______  CL
     Hydropsalis (formerly Caprimulgus) albicauda 
     
     
     SWIFTS
     
     
346. American Black Swift  ______  CB  sp(r)
     Cypseloides niger
     
     
347. White-chinned Swift  ______
     Cypseloides cryptus
     
     
348. White-collared Swift  (*)  ______ CB  sp(r)  CH
     Streptoprocne zonaris bouchelli
     
     
349. Chestnut-collared Swift  ______
     Streptoprocne (formerly Cypseloides) rutilus
     
     
350. Vaux's Swift  (*)  ______ CH
     Chaetura vauxi richmondi
     
     The subspecies Chaetura vauxi richmondi has also been called the "Dusky-backed Swift".
     
     
351. Band-rumped Swift  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  DL
     Chaetura spinicaudus aetherodroma
     
     
352. Costa Rican Swift  (PNr)  ______
     Chaetura fumosa 
     
     In Panama, the Costa Rican Swift is rather scarce in western Chirqui from the lowlands to the lower highlands. Recent definite records have been at the Rio Palo Blanco, west of Puerto Armuelles. 
     
     The Costa Rican Swift was part of the Band-rumped Swift, Chaetura spinicaudus (above). 
     
     
353. Short-tailed Swift  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  EP
     Chaetura b. brachyura
     
     
354. Gray-rumped Swift  ______
     Chaetura cinereiventris 
     
     
355. Chimney Swift  ______  CB  mp  sp
     Chaetura pelagica
     
     
356. Chapman's Swift  (PNr)  ______
     Chaetura chapmani
     
     
357. Ashy-tailed Swift  (PNr)  ______  (a vagrant in Panama) 
     Chaetura meridionalis 
     
     Two records of the Ashy-tailed Swift in Panama were in Eastern Panama province in 1023 and in southern Cocle in 1975.
     The Ashy-tailed Swift is a species in South America.  
     
     
358. Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Panyptila c. cayennensis
     
     
     HUMMINGBIRDS
     
     
359. Bronzy Hermit  (*)  ______
     Glaucis a. aenea  (monotypic)
     
     
360. Rufous-breasted Hermit  ______  CR  sp
     Glaucis hirsutus
     
     
361. Band-tailed Barbthroat  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  EP
     Threnetes ruckeri
     
     
362. Green Hermit  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  sp(v) CH
     Phaethornis guy coruscus
     
     
363. Long-billed Hermit  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  EP
     Phaethornis longirostris cephalus
     
     The Long-billed Hermit was part of a wider-ranging Long-tailed Hermit, now restricted to South America.
     
     
364. Stripe-throated Hermit  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  EP
     Phaethornis striigularis saturatus  (genus has also been said to be Pygmornis)
     
     The Stripe-throated Hermit was conspecific with the Little Hermit of northeast South America.
     
     
365. Pale-bellied Hermit  ______
     Phaetornis anthophilus 
     
     In Panama, the Pale-bellied Hermit is most common on the larger Pearl Islands.
     
     
366. White-whiskered Hermit  (PNr) (ph)  ______  DN
     Phaetornis yaruqui
     
     A White-whiskered Hermit observed in the Darien region of Panama on July 10, 1996 was said to be a first record of the species for both Panama and for Central America.  
     The species may be a rare resident in eastern Darien.
     
     
367. White-tipped Sicklebill  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  sp(v)  CH
     Eutoxeres aquila salvini
     
     
368. Tooth-billed Hummingbird  ______
     Androdon aequatorialis
     
     
369. Green-fronted Lancebill  ______
     Doryfera ludovicae
     
     
370. Scaly-breasted Hummingbird  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH  EP
     Phaeochroa c. cuvierii
     
     Another name for Phaeochroa civierii has been Cuvier's Hummingbird.
     
     
371. Violet Sabrewing  (ph) (*)  ______ CH
     Campylopterus hemileucurus mellitus
     
     
372. White-necked Jacobin  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH 
     Florisuga m. mellivora
     
     
373. Brown Violetear  (*)  ______ CH
     Colibri d. delphinae
     
     
374. Green Violetear  (ph)  ______ CH
     Colibri thalassinus cyanotus
     
     
375. Green-breasted Mango  (PNt3) (ph)  ______
     Anthracothorax prevostii
     
     
376. Veraguan Mango  (PNt2) (PNe) (*)  ______ CL   
     Anthracothorax (prevostii) veraguensis
     
     The Veraguan Mango has been part of the Green-breasted Mango.
     
     
377. Black-throated Mango  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  DL  EP
     Anthracothorax nigricollis  (monotypic)
     
     
378. Ruby-topaz Hummingbird  ______
     Chrysolampis mosquitus
     
     
379. Violet-headed Hummingbird  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  sp(v)  CH
     Klais guimeti merritii
     
     
380. Rufous-crested Coquette  (ph)  ______  CB  sp(r)
     Lophornis delattrei
     
     
381. White-crested Coquette  (PNt2)  ______
     Lophornis adorabilis 
     
     
382. Green Thorntail  (ph)  ______
     Discosura (formerly Popelairia) conversii
     
     
383. Garden Emerald  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  EP  
     Chlorostilbon assimilis  (monotypic) 
     
     The Garden Emerald was part of the former Fork-tailed Emerald.
     
     
384. Violet-crowned Woodnymph  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Thalurania colombica venusta
     
     Recently, in 2013, the Violet-crowned Woodnymph (above) and the Green-crowned Woodnymph (below) have been merged by the AOU into one species, the Crowned Woodnymph, Thalurania columbica, based on interbreeding in Colombia
     However, in Panama the Violet-crowned Woodnymph and the Green-crowned Woodnymph are not known to come into contact with each other,    
     
     
385. Green-crowned Woodnymph  (*)  ______  EP
     Thalurania fannyi
     
     
386. Fiery-throated Hummingbird  (PNt2) (ph) (*)  ______ CH
     Panterpe i. insignis  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
387. Violet-bellied Hummingbird  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  EP
     Damophila julie panamensis
     
     
388. Sapphire-throated Hummingbird  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp(r)  EP
     Lepidopyga coeruleogularis  (2 subspecies in Panama)
     Lepidopyga c. coeruleogularis  (in western Panama)
     Lepidopyga coeruleogularis confinis  (in eastern Panama)
     
     
389. Blue-headed Sapphire  (PNt2)  ______
     Hylocharis grayi
     
     
390. Blue-throated Goldentail  ______
     Hylocharis eliciae
     
     
391. Violet-capped Hummingbird  (PNt2)  ______
     Goldmania violiceps
     
     
392. Rufous-cheeked Hummingbird  (nt) (PNt2)  ______
     Goethalsia bella
     
     
393. Blue-chested Hummingbird  (*)  ______  CB  sp
     Amazilia (amabilis) amabilis  (monotypic, if the Beryl-crowned Hummingbird (below) is split) 
     
     
394. Beryl-crowned Hummingbird  (PNt2) (*)  ______ CH  
     Amazilia (amabilis) decora 
     
     Another name for the Beryl-crowned Hummingbird is the Charming Hummingbird.
     
     The Beryl-crowned, or Charming Hummingbird has been considered conspecific with the Blue-chested Hummingbird (the previous bird in this list).
     
     
395. Snowy-bellied Hummingbird  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  CH  EP
     Amazilia e. edward  (4 subspecies in Panama)
     
     Amazilia edward is called either the Snowy-bellied Hummingbird or the Snowy-breasted Hummingbird.
     
     
396. Rufous-tailed Hummingbird  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  CH  EP
     Amazilia t. tzacati
     
     
397. Escudo Hummingbird  (t3) (PNt1) (PNe)  ______  
     Amazilia tzacati handleyi  
     
     The "Escudo Hummingbird" is only on the island Escudo de Veraguas in Panama. It has been considered a distinct species, but more recently (as of 2008) it's been treated as a subspecies of the Rufous-tailed Hummingbird. 
     Amazilia tzacati handleyi is slightly larger than other races of the Rufous-tailed Hummingbird.
     
     The range of A. t. handleyi is only 3 square kilometers. Due to its small range, it is threatened. When it was considered a species, it was classified by Birdlife International as "vulnerable".        
     
     
398. Stripe-tailed Hummingbird  (*)  ______ CH
     Eupherusa eximia egregia
     
     
399. Black-bellied Hummingbird  (PNt2)  ______
     Eupherus nigriventris
     
     
400. White-tailed Emerald  (PNt2) (*)  ______ CH
     Elvira chionura  (monotypic)
     
     
401. Snowcap  ______
     Microcheria albocoronata
     
     
402. White-vented Plumeleteer  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Chalybua buffonii micans
     
     
403. Bronze-tailed Plumeleteer  (*)  ______ CB  
     Chalybura urochrysia isaurae 
     
     Chalybura urochrysia has also been called the Red-footed Plumeleteer.
     
     
404. White-throated Mountain-gem  (PNt2) (*)  ______  CH  
     Lampornis c. castaneoventris
     
     The White-throated Mountain-gem has been said by some to be conspecific with the Gray-tailed Mountain-gem (of southern Costa Rica) and the Purple-throated Mountain-gem, and when so it was collectively called the Variable Mountain-gem.   
     
     
405. Purple-throated Mountain-gem  (PNt3)  ______
     Lampornis calolaema
     
     
406. White-bellied Mountain-gem  (PNt2)  ______
     Lampornis hemileucus
     
     
407. Green-crowned Brilliant  (ph)  ______
     Heliodoxa jacula
     
     
408. Magnificent Hummingbird  (ph) (*)  ______ CH  
     Eugenes fulgens spectabilis
     
     
409. Greenish Puffleg  ______
     Haplophaedia aureliae
     
     
410. Purple-crowned Fairy  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  EP
     Heliothryx barroti  (monotypic)
     
     
411. Long-billed Starthroat  (*)  ______  CB  sp(r)  CH
     Heliomaster l. longirostris
     
     
412. Magenta-throated Woodstar  (PNt2) (*)  ______ CH
     Calliphlox bryantae   (monotypic)
     
     
413. Purple-throated Woodstar  (PNt3)  ______
     Calliphlox mitchellii
     
     
414. Ruby-throated Hummingbird  (ph) (*)  ______  CL
     Archilochus colubris  (monotypic)
     
     
415. Scintillant Hummingbird  (PNt2) (ph) (*)  ______ CH
     Selasphorus scintilla  (monotypic)
     
     
416. Glow-throated Hummingbird  (t3) (PNt1) (PNe) (*)  ______ CH
     Selasphorus ardens  (monotypic)  
     
     The Glow-throated Hummingbird is one of less than a dozen species endemic to Panama. 
     
     
417. Volcano Hummingbird  (PNt2) (ph) (*)  ______ CH
     Selasphorus flammula torridus
     
     
     TROGONS
     
     
418. Resplendent Quetzal  (nt) (PNt2) (ph) (*)  ______ CH
     Pharomachrus mocinno costaricensis
     
     
419. Golden-headed Quetzal  (PNt3)  ______
     Pharomachrus auriceps
     
     
420. Slaty-tailed Trogon  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Trogon massena hoffmanni
     
     Another name for Trogon massena is the Massena Trogon.
     
     
421. Black-throated Trogon  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Trogon rufus tenellus
     
     
422. Collared Trogon  (*)  ______ CH
     Trogon collaris puella
     
     
423. Orange-bellied Trogon  (*)  _____ CH  (some consider conspecific with Collared Trogon)
     Trogon a. aurantilventris
     
     
424. Black-tailed Trogon  (*)  ______ CB  sp  EP
     Trogon melanurus macroura
     
     
425. White-tailed Trogon  (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Trogon chionurus  (monotypic)
     
     The White-tailed Trogon was conspecific with what is now the Green-backed Trogon, Trogon viridis, of South America east of the Andes.   
     
     
426. Gartered Trogon  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  DL   
     Trogon caligatus (formerly violaceus) concinnus
     
     The Gartered Trogon was part of the Violaceous Trogon, now only in South America.
     
     
427. Baird's Trogon  (nt) (PNt1) (ph)  ______
     Trogon bairdii
     
     
428. Lattice-tailed Trogon  (PNt3)  ______
     Trogon clarthratus
     
     
     KINGFISHERS
     
     
429. Ringed Kingfisher  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CL  DL  EP
     Megaceryle (formerly Ceryle) t. torquata
     
     
430. Belted Kingfisher  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Megaceryle (formerly Ceryle) alcyon
     
     
431. Amazon Kingfisher  (*)  ______ CB  sp  DL
     Chloroceryle amazona mexicana
     
     
432. Green Kingfisher  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Chloroceryle americana isthmica
     
     
433. Green-and-Rufous Kingfisher  (*)  ______  CB  sp  DL
     Chloroceryle inda  (now said to be monotypic)
     
        
434. American Pygmy Kingfisher  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  DL
     Chloroceryle a. aenea
     
     
     MOTMOTS
     
     
435. Broad-billed Motmot  (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Electron platyrhynchum minor
     
     
436. Rufous Motmot  (*)  ______ CB  sp  EP
     Baryphthengus martii semirufus
     
     
437. Blue-diademed Motmot  (ph) (*)  ______ CH  
     Momotus lessonii
     
     Another name for Momotus momota is Lesson's Motmot.
     
     The Blue-diademed Motmot and the following species, the Whooping Motmot, have been part of an expanded Blue-crowned Motmot.
     The Blue-crowned Motmot, Momotus coeruliceps, in now endemic to Mexico.
     
     
438. Whooping Motmot  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  EP
     Momotus subrufescens conexus
     
     Another name for Momotus subrufescens is the Tawny-bellied Motmot.
     
     
439. Tody Motmot  ______
     Hylomanes momotula
     
     
     JACAMARS
     
     
440. Dusky-backed Jacamar  (PNt3)  ______
     Brachygalba salmoni
      
     
441. Rufous-tailed Jacamar  (ph)  ______
     Galbula ruficauda
     
     
442. Great Jacamar  ______  CB  sp
     Jacamerops aureus
     
     
     PUFFBIRDS
     
     
443. Barred Puffbird  (ph)  ______  CB  sp(v)
     Nystalus radiatus
     
     
444. White-necked Puffbird  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Notharchus macrorhynchos hyperrynchus
     
     
445. Black-breasted Puffbird  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Notharchus pectoralis  (monotypic)
     
     
446. Pied Puffbird  (*)  ______ CB  sp  EP
     Notharchus tectus subtectus
     
     
447. White-whiskered Puffbird  (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Malacoptila p. panamensis
     
     Another name for Malacoptila panamensis is White-whiskered Softwing. 
     
     
448. Lanceolated Monklet  (PNt2)  ______
     Micromonacha lanceolata
     
     
449. Gray-cheeked Nunlet  ______
     Nonnula ruficapilla
     
     
450. White-fronted Nunbird  ______  
     Monasa morphoeus
     
     
     BARBETS
     
     
451. Spot-crowned Barbet  (PNt3) (*)  ______ CB  sp(r)
     Capito maculicoronatus  (2 subspecies in Panama)
     Capito m. maculicoronatus  (subspecies in western Panama)
     Capito maculicoronatus rubrilateralis 
     
     
452. Prong-billed Barbet  (PNt3) (*)  ______ CH
     Semnornis frantzii  (monotypic)
     
     
453. Red-headed Barbet  (ph)  ______
     Eubucco bourcieri
     
     
     TOUCANS
      
     
454. "Blue-throated" Emerald Toucanet  (ph) (*)  ______ CH
     Aulacorhynchus (prasinus) caeruleogularis  (2 subspecies in Panama)
     Aulacorhynchus c. caeruleogularis  (west PN)
     Aulacorhynchus caeruleogularis cognatus  (east PN)
     
     
455. Collared Aracari  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  DL  EP
     Pteroglossus t. torquatus
     
     
456. Fiery-billed Aracari  (PN2) (ph)  ______
     Pteroglossus frantzii
     
     
457. Yellow-eared Toucanet  ______ CB  sp(r)
     Selenidera spectabilis
     
     
458. Keel-billed Toucan  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  DL  EP
     Ramphastos sulfuratus brevicarinatus
     
     
459. Black-mandibled Toucan  (*) (ph)  ______  CB  sp  DL  
     Ramphastos ambiguus swainsonii
     
     What has been the Chestnut-mandibled Toucan is now part of the Black-mandibled Toucan, a species that was only in South America.
     Another name for the Chestnut-mandibled Toucan has been the Swainson's Toucan. 
     
     
460. Choco Toucan  (PNr) (ph)  ______
     Ramphastos brevis  
     
     A single Choco Toucan was first reported at Cana, in Darien, in January 2000. Subsequently, over a period of several years, what was seemingly that same individual was seen. 
     But the species may be a rare resident in eastern Darien.
     The Choco Toucan is visually very similar to the "Chestnut-mandibled Toucan", which, as noted above, has been merged into the Black-mandibled Toucan.
     The Choco Toucan can be best distinguished from Ramphastos ambiguus by voice.        
     
     
     WOODPECKERS
     
     
461. Olivaceous Piculet  (*)  ______ CH
     Picumnus o. flavotinctus 
     
     
462. Acorn Woodpecker  (ph) (*)  ______  CH
     Melanerpes formicivorus striatipectus
     
     
463. Black-cheeked Woodpecker  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Melanerpes p. pucherani
     
     
464. Red-crowned Woodpecker  (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  CH  CL  DL  EP
     Melanerpes (formerly Centurus) rubricapillus wagleri
     
     
465. Golden-naped Woodpecker  (PNt1) (ph)  ______
     Melanerpes (formerly Centurus) chrysauchen
     
     
466. Yellow-bellied Sapsucker  (ph)  ______  CB  mp(r)  sp(r)
     Sphyrapicus varius
     
     
467. Hairy Woodpecker  (ph) (*)  ______ CH
     Picoides villosus sanctorum
     
     
468. Smoky-brown Woodpecker  (*)  ______ CH
     Picoides (formerly Veniliornis) fumigatus  (2 subspecies in Panama)
     Picoides fumigatus sanguinolentus  (west PN)
     Picoides fumigatus reichenbachi  (east PN)
     
     
469. Red-rumped Woodpecker  ______
     Veniliornis kirkii
     
     
470. Golden-olive Woodpecker  (ph) (*)  ______ CH
     Piculus rubiginosus uropygialis
     
     
471. Golden-green Woodpecker  (*)  ______  DL
     Piculus chrysochloros aurosus
     
     
472. Rufous-winged Woodpecker  (PNt2)  ______
     Piculus simplex
     
     
473. Stripe-cheeked Woodpecker  (PNt2) (PNe)  ______  CB  sp
     Piculus callopterus 
     
     The Stripe-cheeked Woodpecker is one of less than a dozen species endemic to Panama. 
     
     
474. Spot-breasted Woodpecker  (*)  ______  EP
     Chrysoptilus (formerly Colaptes) punctigula
     
     
475. Cinnamon Woodpecker  (*)  ______ CB  sp  DL
     Celeus loricatus mentalis
     
     
476. Chestnut-colored Woodpecker  (PNt3)  ______
     Celeus castaneus
     
     
477. Lineated Woodpecker  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CL  DL
     Dryocopus lineatus mesorhynchus
     
     
478. Crimson-crested Woodpecker  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Campephilus melanoleucos malherbii
     
     
479. Crimson-bellied Woodpecker  ______
     Campephilus haematogaster
     
     
480. Pale-billed Woodpecker  (ph)  ______
     Campephilus guatemalensis
     
     
     TITYRAS & SPECKLED MOURNER
     
     
481. Masked Tityra  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH
     Tityra semifasciata costaricensis
     
     
482. Black-crowned Tityra  (*)  _____  CB  mp  sp
     Tityra inquisitor 
     
     
483. Speckled Mourner  (*)  _____  CB  sp
     Laniocera rufescens
     
     
     BECARDS
     
     
484. Cinnamon Becard  (*)  ______ CB  sp  CH  DL  EP
     Pachyramphus c. cinnamomeus
     
     
485. White-winged Becard  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Pachyramphus polychopterus similis
     
     
486. Black-and-white Becard  (PNt3) (*)  ______ CH
     Pachyramphus albogriseus ornatus
     
     
487. One-colored Becard  (ph) (*)   ______  CB  sp(v)  DL  EP
     Pachyramphus h. homochrous
     
     
488. Rose-throated Becard  (PNt3) (*) ______ CH
     Pachyramphus aglaiae latirostris
     
     
489. Barred Becard  ______
     Pachyramphus versicolor
     
     
490. Cinereous Becard  ______  DN
     Pachyramphus rufus
     
     
     COTINGAS
     
     
491. Sharpbill  ______
     Oxyruncus cristatus  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
492. Rufous Piha  (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Lipaugus u. unirufus
     
     
493. Turquoise Cotinga  (t3) (PNt1) (ph) (*)  ______
     Cotinga ridgwayi  (monotypic)
     
     Another common name for Cotinga ridgwayi is Ridgway's Cotinga.
     
     
494. Blue Cotinga  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Cotinga nattererii  (monotypic)
     
     Another common name for Cotinga nattererii is Natterer's Cotinga.
     
     
495. Lovely Cotinga  (PNt2)  ______
     Cotinga amabilis
     
     
496. Black-tipped Cotinga  (PNt3)  ______
     Carpodectes hopkei
     
     
497. Yellow-billed Cotinga  (t2) (PNt1)  ______
     Carpodectes antoniae
     
     
498. Snowy Cotinga  ______
     Carpodectes nitidus
     
     
499. Purple-throated Fruitcrow  (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Querula purpurata  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
     
     
500. Bare-necked Umbrellabird  (t2) (PNt2) (ph)  ______
     Cephalopterus glabricollis
     
     
501. Three-wattled Bellbird  (t3) (PNt3) (*)  ______  CB  sp(v)  CH
     Procnias triarunculatus  (monotypic)
     
     
     MANAKINS
     
     
502. Red-capped Manakin  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Ceratopipra (formerly Pipra) mentalis ignifera
     
     
503. Golden-headed Manakin  ______
     Ceratopipra (formerly Pipra) erythrocephala
     
     
504. White-crowned Manakin   ______
     Pipra pipra
     
     
505. Blue-crowned Manakin  (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Lepidothrix coronata minuscula
     
     
506. Lance-tailed Manakin  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Chiroxiphia lanceolata  (monotypic)
     
     
507. White-ruffed Manakin  (ph) (*)  ______ CH
     Corapipo a. altera
     
     
508. Golden-collared Manakin  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  EP
     Manacus v. vitellinus
     
     The Golden-collared Manakin has been considered conspecific with the White-collared Manakin (below). Some have considered both conspecific with the White-bearded Manakin of South America. 
     
     
509. White-collared Manakin  (PNt3) (ph)  ______
     Manacus candei
     
     
510. Orange-collared Manakin  (PNt3)  ______
     Manacus aurantiacus
     
     
511. Green Manakin  (*)  ______  EP
     Cryptopipo holochora  (formerly Xenopipo holochlora, prior to that Chloropipo holochlora)  
     
     
     SAPAYOA
     
     
512. (Broad-billed) Sapayoa  (*)  ______ CB  sp(r)
     Sapayoa aenigma  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus & family)
     
     
     SCHIFFORNIS 
     
     
513. Northern Schiffornis  ______   
     Schiffornis veraepacis 
     
     The Northern Schiffornis was part of the Thrush-like Schiffornis. The former Thrush-like Schiffornis was previously called the Thrush-like Mourner, or the Thrush-like Manakin, but the bird was neither a mourner nor a manakin. 
     
     Now, what was the Thrush-like Schiffornis has been split into 5 species in Central & South America.
     
     The geographic range of Schiffornis veraepacis is in Central America from western Panama northward.
     
     In western Panama, and in foothills in central Panama (east to Nusagandi in western San Blas), the Northern Schiffornis gives a three-noted rhythmic phrase, recognizably similar to the four-noted phrase of the Rufous-winged Schiffonis (below), but more drawn out.
     Visually, the Northern Schiffornis is a darker olive-brown coloration, whereas the Rufous-winged Schiffornis is overall a lighter brown.  
     
     
514. Rufous-winged Schiffornis  (*)  ______  CB  sp
     Schiffornis stenohyncha
     
     An alternate name for Schiffornis stenohyncha is the Slender-billed Schiffornis.
     
     The geographic range of Schiffornis stenohyncha is central Panama to Colombia and western Venezuela.
     
     In the Canal Area and the lowlands eastward, the Rufous-winged Schiffornis gives, as noted above, a four-noted rhythmic phrase.
     
     
     PIPRIDAE
     
     
515. Gray-headed Piprites  (PNt3)  ______
     Piprites griseiceps
     
     
     TYRANT-FLYCATCHERS
     
     
516. Black Phoebe  (*)  ______  CH  DL
     Sayornis nigricans amnicola
     
     
517. Vermilion Flycatcher  (ph)  ______
     Pyrocephalus rubinus
     
     
518. Pied Water Tyrant  (*)  ______  CB  sp(r)  DL
     Fluvicola p. pica 
     
     
519. Long-tailed Tyrant  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  sp  EP
     Colonia colonus leuconota  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
520. Cattle Tyrant  (ph)  ______
     Machetornis rixosa
     
     
521. Scissor-tailed Flycatcher  (ph) (*)  ______ CL
     Tyrannus forficatus  (monotypic)
     
     
522. Fork-tailed Flycatcher  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  CL  DL  EP 
     Tyrannus savana monachus
     
     
523. Eastern Kingbird  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Tyrannus tyrannus  (monotypic)
     
     
524. Tropical Kingbird  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  CH  CL  DL  EP
     Tyrannus melancholicus satrapa
     
     
525. Gray Kingbird  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Tyrannus d. dominicensis
     
     
526. Western Kingbird  (PNr) (ph)  ______
     Tyrannus verticalis
     
     2 Western Kingbirds below El Chorogo on April 3, 1999 was said to be the 2nd record of the species for Panama.
     The first record was said to be in 1988.  
     
     
527. Crowned Slaty-Flycatcher  (PNr)  ______
     Griseotyrannus aurantioatrocristatus
     
     On December 1, 2007, a Crowned Slaty-Flycatcher was found in foothills on the Pacific slope, at Cerro Azul, about 40 kilometers northeast of Panama City.
     That bird, a species normally in South America, was a first record not only for Panama but for Central America.   
     
     
528. Piratic Flycatcher  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CL  EP  DL
     Legatus leucophaius  (the single member of its genus)  (2 subspecies occur in Panama: L. l. variegatus & L. l. leucophaius)
     
     
529. Streaked Flycatcher  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  CH  DL  EP
     Myiodynastes maculatus difficilis
     
     
530. Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Myiodynastes luteiventris  (monotypic)
     
     
531. Boat-billed Flycatcher  (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  CH  EP
     Megarynchus pitangua mexicanus
     
     
532. Golden-bellied Flycatcher  (PNt3) (*)  ______ CH
     Myiodynastes hemichrysus  (monotypic)
     
     
533. Gray-capped Flycatcher  (*)  ______  CB  sp  CH
     Myiozetetes g. granadensis  (1 of 2 subspecies in Panama)
     
     
534. Golden-crowned Flycatcher  (PNt3)  ______
     Myiozetetes chrysocephalus
     
     
535. Rusty-margined Flycatcher  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  EP
     Myiozetetes cayanensis rufipennis
     
     
536. Social Flycatcher  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  CH  CL  DL  EP
     Myiozetetes similis columbianus
     
     
537. White-ringed Flycatcher  ______  CB  sp(r)
     Conopias albovittatus
     
     
538. Great Kiskadee  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CL  EP  DL
     Pitangus sulphuratus guatimalensis
     
     
539. Lesser Kiskadee  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Pitangus (formerly Philohydor) lictor panamensis
     
     
540. Rufous Mourner  (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Rhytipterna h. holerythra
     
     
541. Bright-rumped Attila  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Attila spadiceus  (2 subspecies in Panama)
     Attila spadiceus citreopyga (in west Panama)
     Attila spadiceus sclateri  (in east Panama)
     
     
542. Western Sirystes  (*)  ______ CB  sp  EP  
     Sirystes (sibilator) albogriseus 
     
     The Western Sirystes is sometimes split from the Sirystes, Sirystes sibilator, a widespread species in South America.
     If so, Sirystes aibilator is the Eastern Sirystes.   
     
     
543. Dusky-capped Flycatcher  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Myiarchus tuberculifer brunneiceps
     
     
544. Panama Flycatcher  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  EP
     Myiarchus p. panamensis
     
     
545. Great Crested Flycatcher  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Myiarchus crinitus  (monotypic)
     
     
546. Tropical Pewee  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  EP
     Contopus cinereus brachytarsus
     
     
547. Dark Pewee  (PNt3) (*)  ______ CH
     Contopus lugubris  (monotypic)
     
     
548. Eastern Wood Pewee  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  CH
     Contopus virens  (monotypic)
     
     
549. Western Wood Pewee  (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  CH
     Contopus sordidulus  (4 subspecies migrate south thru or into Panama) 
     
     
550. Olive-sided Flycatcher  (nt) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Contopus cooperi  (Formerly in genus Nuttallornis. Previous scientific name has long been borealis.) 
     
     Another name for Contopus cooperi is the Boreal Pewee.
     
     
551. Ochraceous Pewee  (nt) (PNt3)  ______
     Contopus ochraceus
     
     
552. Black-billed Flycatcher  (nt) (PNt2)  ______
     Aphanotriccus audax
     
     
553. Yellow-bellied Flycatcher  (*)  ______ CB  sp  CH
     Empidonax flaviventris   (monotypic)
     
     
554. Acadian Flycatcher  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Empidonax virescens  (monotypic)
     
     
555. Willow Flycatcher  (*)  ______  CB  sp
     Empidonax traillii
     
     
556. Yellowish Flycatcher  (*)  ______ CH
     Empidonax f. flavescens
     
     
557. Black-capped Flycatcher  (PNt3) (*)  ______ CH
     Empidonax atriceps  (monotypic)
     
     
558. Alder Flycatcher  ______  CB  sp
     Empidonax alnorum
     
     
559. White-throated Flycatcher  ______
     Empidonax albigularis
     
     
560. Least Flycatcher  ______
     Empidonax minimus
     
     
561. Hammond's Flycatcher  (PNr)  ______
     Empidonax hammondii
     
     A single record of the Hammond's Flycatcher for Panama was near Boquete in Chiriqui in 1982. 
     
     
562. Northern (or Common) Tufted Flycatcher  (*)  ______ CH
     Mitrephanes phaeocercus vividus
     
     
563. Sulphur-rumped Myiobius (or Flycatcher)  (*)  ______ CB  sp 
     Myiobius sulphureipgius aureatus
     
     The Sulphur-rumped Myiobius, or Flycatcher was conspeciic with what is now the Whiskered Myiobius, or Flycatcher, Myiobius barbatus, of South America. 
     
     
564. Black-tailed Myiobius (or Flycatcher)  (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Myiobius a. atricaudus
     
     
565. Tawny-breasted Myiobius (or Flycatcher)  ______ 
     Myiobius villosus
     
     
566. Bran-colored Flycatcher  (*)  ______  CB  sp  CH
     Myiophobus fasciatus furfurosus
     
     
567. Ruddy-tailed Flycatcher  (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp
     Terenotriccus erythrurus fulvigularis
     
     
568. Northern Royal-Flycatcher  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Onychorhynchus mexicanus  (monotypic, if distinct from other Royal Flycatchers) 
     
     The Northern Royal Flycatcher has been conspecific with the related South American species: 
     the Amazonian Royal Flycatcher, the Pacific Royal Flycatcher, and the Atlantic Royal Flycatcher.    
     
     
569. Stub-tailed Spadebill  (PNt3)  ______
     Platyrinchus cancrominus
     
     There is an isolated population of the Stub-tailed Spadebill on the Bocas del Toro islands, the only place where the species occurs in Panama.
     Otherwise, the Stub-tailed Spadebill ranges from northwestern Costa Rica north to southern Mexico.   
     
     
570. White-throated Spadebill  ______
     Platyrinchus mystaceus
     
     
571. Golden-crowned Spadebill  ______  CB  sp
     Platyrinchus coronatus
     
     
572. Brownish Twistwing  (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Cnipodectes subbrunneus panamensis  (the single member of its genus)
     
     Cnipodectes subbrunneus has also been called the Brownish Flycatcher.
     
     
573. Yellow-olive Flatbill (or Flycatcher)  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Tolmomyias sulphurescens flavoolivaceus 
     
     
574. Yellow-margined Flatbill (or Flycatcher)  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  EP
     Tolmomyias (assimilis) flavotectus 
     
     The Yellow-margined Flatbill, or Flycatcher is closely related to the Zimmer's Flatbill, or Flycatcher of South America. The two have been considered conspecific.  
     
     
575. Ochre-lored Flatbill  (*)  ______  CB  EP  (was called Yellow-breasted Flatbill, or Flycatcher)
     Tolmomyias olivaceus
     
     
576. Olivaceous Flatbill  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Rhynchocyclus olivaceus bardus
     
     
577. Eye-ringed Flatbill  ______
     Rhynchocyclus brevirostris
     
     
578. Black-headed Tody-Flycatcher  (*)  ______ CB 
     Todirostrum nigriceps  (monotypic)
     
     
579. Common Tody-Flycatcher  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH
     Todirostrum cinereum wetmorei  (1 of 2 subspecies in Panama)
     
     
580. Slate-headed Tody-Flycatcher  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Poecilotriccus (formerly Todirostrum) sylvia schistaceiceps
     
     
581. Northern Bentbill  (PNt2) (*)  ______ CH  
     Oncostoma cinereigulare  (monotypic)
     
     The Northern Bentbill (above) and the Southern Bentbill (below) have been said by some to be conspecific.  
     
     
582. Southern Bentbill  (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp
     Oncostoma olivaceum  (monotypic)
     
     
583. Pale-eyed Pygmy Tyrant  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Atalotriccus pilaris wilcoxi  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
584. Scale-crested Pygmy Tyrant  ______
     Lophotriccus pileatus
     
     
585. Black-capped Pygmy Tyrant  (*)  ______ CB  sp  CH
     Myiornis atricapillus  (monotypic)
     
     
586. Bronze-olive Pygmy Tyrant  (PNt3)  ______
     Pseudotriccus pelzelni
     
     
587. Yellow Tyrannulet  (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp
     Capsiempis flaveola semiflava
     
     
588. Yellow-green Tyrannulet  (PNt2) (PNe) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Phylloscartes flavovirens  (monotypic)
     
     The Yellow-green Tyrannulet is one of less than a dozen species endemic to Panama.
     
     
589. Rufous-browed Tyrannulet  ______ 
     Phylloscartes supercillaris
     
     
590. Torrent Tyrannulet  (*)  ______ CH
     Serpophaga cinerea grisea
     
     
591. Yellow-bellied Elaenia  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH  EP  DL
     Elaenia flavogaster pallidorsalis
     
     
592. Lesser Elaenia  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Elaenia c. chiriquensis
     
     
593. Mountain Elaenia  (*)  ______ CH
     Elaenia f. frantzii
     
     
594. Greenish Elaenia  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Myiopagis viridicata accola
     
     
595. Forest Elaenia  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Myiopagis gaimardii macilivainii
     
     
596. Gray Elaenia  ______  CB  sp
     Myiopagis caniceps
     
     
597. Southern Beardless Tyrannulet  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH
     Camptostoma obsoletum flaviventre
     
     
598. Mouse-colored Tyrannulet  (*)  ______  CB  mp(r)
     Phaeomyias murina eremonoma
     
     
599. Paltry Tyrannulet  (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  CH  EP
     Zimmerius vilissimus parvus
     
     The Paltry Tyrannulet has also been called the Mistletoe Tyrannulet. It was conspecific with what is now the Venezuelan Tyrannulet of South America.
     
     
600. Northern Scrub Flycatcher  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp(r)
     Sublegatus a. arenarum
     
     
601. Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  EP
     Tyrannulus elatus panamensis
     
     
602. Brown-capped Tyrannulet  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  EP
     Ornithion brunneicapillum
     
     
603. Yellow-bellied Tyrannulet  ______
     Ornithion semiflavum
     
     
604. White-fronted Tyrannulet  (PNt3)  (*)  ______ CH 
     Phyllomyias (burmeisteri) zeledoni
     
     The White-fronted Tyrannulet in Panama has also been known as the Zeledon's Tyrannulet. It is considered conspecific with the Rough-legged Tyrannulet of South America.
     
     
605. Sooty-headed Tyrannulet  (PNt3) (*)  _____  EP
     Phyllomyias griseiceps
     
     
606. Sepia-capped Flycatcher  (PNt3)  (ph)  ______  CB  mp
     Leptopogon amaurocephalus
     
     
607. Slaty-capped Flycatcher  ______ 
     Leptopogon superciliaris
     
     
608. Ochre-bellied Flycatcher  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH
     Mionectes oleagineus parcus 
     
     
609. Olive-striped Flycatcher  ______  CB  sp(r)
     Mionectes olivaceus
     
     
     ANTBIRDS
     
     
610. Fasciated Antshrike  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Cymbilaimus lineatus fasciatus
     
     
611. Great Antshrike  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Taraba major melanocrissus  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
612. Barred Antshrike  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  DL  EP
     Thamnophilus doliatus  (4 subspecies in Panama, 2 of them on offshore islands) 
     Thamnophilus doliatus nigricristatus  (subspecies in eastern Panama)
     
     
613. Black Antshrike  (PNt3) (*)  ______  DL  EP  (species restricted to eastern Panama & Colombia)
     Thamnophilus n. nigriceps
     
     
614. Black-crowned Antshrike  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Thamnophilus atrinucha 
     
     In 2013, the name of what was the Western Slaty Antshrike was changed to the Black-crowned Antshrike.
     Genetic evidence has shown that it is not related to the South American slaty-antshrikes.  
     
     
615. Black-hooded Antshrike  (PNt2)  ______
     Thamnophilus bridgesi
     
     
616. Speckled Antshrike  (t3) (PNt2)  ______  
     Xenornis setifrons
     
     The Speckled Antshrike has also been called the Spiny-faced Antshrike.
     
     
617. Russet Antshrike  (*)  ______ CB  sp  CH
     Thamnistes anabatinus  (the single species in its genus)  (2 subspecies in Panama)
     Thamnistes anabatinus coronatus  (subspecies in central & eastern Panama)
     Thamnistes anabatinus saturatus  (subspecies in western Panama)
     
     
618. Plain Antvireo  (*)  ______ CB
     Dysithamnus mentalis   (2 subspecies in Panama)
     Dysithamnus mentalis septentrionalis  (subspecies in western Panama)
     Dysithamnus mentalis suffusus  (subspecies in eastern Panama)
     
     
619. Spot-crowned Antvireo  (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Dysithamnus p. puncticeps
     
     
620. Moustached Antwren  (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Myrmotherula ignota 
     
     The Moustached Antwren has been called the Griscom's Antwren. It was conspecific with the Pygmy Antwren of South America, Myrmotherula brachyura. 
     
     
621. Checker-throated Antwren  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  (the British spelling is "Chequer-throated")
     Myrmotherula fulviventris  (2 subspecies in Panama)
     Myrmotherula fulviventris costaricensis  (subspecies in western Panama)
     Myrmotherula f. fulviventris  (subspecies in eastern Panama) 
     
     
622. White-flanked Antwren  (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Myrmotherula axillaris albigula 
     
     
623. Slaty Antwren  (*)  ______ CH
     Myrmotherula s. schisticolor
     
     
624. Pacific Antwren  ______  CB  sp(r)
     Myrmotherula pacifica  
     
     The Pacific Antwren has been called the Streaked Antwren when it was conspecific with what are now the Amazonian Streaked Antwren, M. multostriata, and the Guianan Streaked Antwren, M. surinamensis.
     
     
625. Rufous-winged Antwren  ______
     Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus
     
     
626. Dot-winged Antwren  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Microrhopias quixensis  (the single member of its genus) (2 subspecies in Panama) 
     Microrhopias quixensis virgatus  (subspecies in western Panama)
     Microrhopias quixensis consobrinus  (subspecies in eastern Panama)
     
     
627. Northern White-fringed Antwren  (PNt2)  ______
     Formicivora intermedia 
     
     The Northern White-fringed Antwren occurs in Panama only on the larger islands of the Pearl Archipelago, and on some smaller islands immediately adjacent to them.
     The next location to the south for the species is northern Colombia.   
     
     
628. Rufous-rumped Antwren  ______
     Euchrepomis (formerly Terenura) callinota
     
     
629. Dusky Antbird  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Cercomacra tyrannina rufiventris
     
     
630. Jet Antbird  ______
     Cercomacra nigricans
     
     
631. Bare-crowned Antbird  (*)  _____  CB  sp(r)
     Gymnocichla nudiceps
     
     
632. White-bellied Antbird  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Myrmeciza longipes panamensis
     
     
633. Dull-mantled Antbird  (*)  ______  CB  sp(r)  CH
     Myrmeciza l. laemosticta  
     
     
634. Chestnut-backed Antbird  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  EP
     Myrmeciza exsul  (3 subspecies in Panama)
     
     
635. Zeledon's Antbird  ______
     Myrmeciza zeledoni
     
     In 2013, the Zeledon's Antbird was split from the Immaculate Antbird, Myrmeciza immaculata, of Colombia and Venezuela.
     The new Zeledon's Antbird ranges from Costa Rica to Ecuador.  
     
     
636. Bicolored Antbird  (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Gymnopithys leucaspis bicolor
     
     The Bicolored Antbird has been considered conspecific with the "White-cheeked Antbird" of northern South America.
     
     
637. Spotted Antbird  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Hylophylax naeviodes  (2 subspecies in Panama)
     Hylophylax naeviodes capnitis  (subspecies in western  Panama)
     Hylophylax n. naevioides  (subspecies in eastern Panama)
     
     
638. Wing-banded Antbird  ______  CB  sp
     Myrmornis torquata
     
     
639. Ocellated Antbird  (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Phaenostictus mcleannani  (the single species of its genus)  (3 subspecies in Panama)
     Phaenostictus m. mcleannani  (subspecies in east-central Panama)
     
     
     TAPACULOS
     
     
640. Silvery-fronted Tapaculo  (PNt3)  (*)   ______  CH
     Scytalopus argentifrons
     
     
641. Tacarcuna Tapaculo  (t3) (PNt3)  ______
     Scytalopus panamensis
     
     
642. Choco Tapaculo  (PNt3)  ______
     Scytalopus chocoensis
     
     
     ANTTHRUSHES & ANTPITTAS
     
     
643. Black-faced Antthrush  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Formicarius analis panamensis
     
     
644. Black-headed Antthrush  ______
     Formicarius nigricapillus
     
     
645. Rufous-breasted Antthrush  ______
     Formicarius rufipectus
     
     
646. Black-crowned Antpitta  ______  CB  sp(r)
     Pittasoma michleri
     
     
647. Scaled Antpitta  ______
     Grallaricula guatimalensis
     
     
648. Ochre-breasted Antpitta  ______
     Grallaricula flavirostris
     
     
649. Streak-chested Antpitta  (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Hylopezus p. perspicillatus  (3 subspecies in Panama)
     
     Another name for Hylopezus perspicillatus has been Spectacled Antpitta.  
     
     
650. Fulvous-bellied Antpitta  ______  
     Hylopezus dives
     
     The Fulvous-bellied Antpitta has also been called the Thicket Antpitta.
     
     
     FURNARIIDS
     
     
651. Pale-breasted Spinetail  (*)  ______ CH
     Synallaxis albescens latitabunda
     
     
652. Slaty Spinetail  ______
     Synalliaxis brachyura
     
     
653. Red-faced Spinetail  (*)  ______ CH
     Cranioleuca erythrops rufigenis
     
     
654. Coiba Spinetail  (t3) (PNt2) (PNe)  ______  
     Cranioleuca dissita
     
     The Coiba Spinetail is endemic to Coiba Island in Panama. This arboreal bird is fairly common there, but as it has such a small range, it is considered "vulnerable".
     Some consider the bird to be a subspecies of the Rusty-backed Spintail as Cranioleuca vulpina dissita.
     
     
655. Double-banded Graytail  (PNt2) (*)  ______  EP
     Xenerpestes miniosi umbraticus  (the only other member of this genus is in the Andes of Ecuador & northern Peru)
     
     
656. Spotted Barbtail  (*)  ______  CH
     Premnoplex brunnescens brunneicauda
     
     
657. Beautiful Treerunner  (nt) (PNt2) (PNe)  ______
     Margarornis bellulus 
     
     The Beautiful Treerunner is one of less than a dozen species endemic to Panama.
     
     
658. Ruddy Treerunner  (PNt3)  ______
     Margarornis rubiginosus
     
     
659. Buffy Tuftedcheek  ______
     Pseudocolaptes lawrencii
     
     
660. Western Woodhaunter  ______  
     Hyloctistes virgatus
     
     Hyloctistes virgatus was called the Striped Foliage-gleaner, and more recently the Striped Woodhaunter. It is now split from the Eastern Woodhaunter of South America.
     
     
661. Lineated Foliage-gleaner  (*)  ______ CH
     Syndactyla subalaris lineata
     
     
662. Scaly-throated Foliage-gleaner  (*)  ______ CH 
     Anabacerthia v. variegaticeps
     
     Anabacerthia variegaticeps has also been called the Spectacled Foliage-gleaner.
     
     
663. Slaty-winged Foliage-gleaner  ______  CB  sp(r)
     Philydor fuscipennis
     
     
664. Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner  ______
     Philydor rufus
     
     
665. Buff-throated Foliage-gleaner (or Automolus)  (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Automolus ochrolaemus pallidigularis
     
     
666. Ruddy Foliage-gleaner (or Automolus)  ______ 
     Automolus rubiginosus
     
     
667. Streak-breasted Treehunter  (PNt3)  ______
     Tripacdectes rufobrunneus
     
     
668. Plain Xenops  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  EP
     Xenops minutus ridgwayi
     
     
669. Streaked Xenops  ______
     Xenops rutilans
     
     
670. Tawny-throated Leaftosser  ______  CB  sp
     Sclerurus mexicanus
     
     
671. Gray-throated Leaftosser  (PNt3)  ______
     Sclerurus albigularis
     
     
672. Scaly-throated Leaftosser  ______  CB  mp  sp
     Sclerurus guatemalensis
     
     
673. Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper  (PNt3)  ______
     Lochmias nematura
     
     
     WOODCREEPERS
     
     
674. Plain-brown Woodcreeper  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Dendrocincla fuliginosa ridgwayi
     
     
675. Tawny-winged Woodcreeper  (PNt2) (ph) (*)  ______ CH
     Dendrocincla anabatina
     
     
676. Ruddy Woodcreeper  (ph) (*)   ______ CB  sp
     Dendrocincla homochroas
     
     
677. Long-tailed Woodcreeper  (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Deconychura longicauda darienensis
     
     
678. Olivaceous Woodcreeper  (*)  ______ CB  mp  CH  DL
     Sittasomus griseicapillus veraguensis
     
     
679. Wedge-billed Woodcreeper  (*)  ______ CB  sp  CH
     Glyphorynchus spirurus sublestus
     
     
680. Northern Barred-Woodcreeper  (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae  (2 subspecies in Panama)
     Dendrocolaptes s. sanctithomae  (subspecies on the Pacific side of Panama)  
     Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae hesperius  (subspecies in northwest Panama)
     
     
681. Black-banded Woodcreeper  ______
     Dendrocolaptes picumnus
     
     
682. Strong-billed Woodcreeper  (PNt3)  ______
     Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus
     
     
683. Straight-billed Woodcreeper  (*)  ______ CB
     Xiphorhynchus picus extimus
     
     
684. Cocoa Woodcreeper  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  DL  
     Xiphorhynchus susurrans   (3 subspecies in Panama)
     
     The Cocoa Woodcreeper was conspecific with the Buff-throated Woodcreeper of South America.
     
     
685. Black-striped Woodcreeper  (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Xiphorhynchus l. lachrymosus
     
     
686. Spotted Woodcreeper  (*)  ______ CH
     Xiphorhynchus erythropygius insolitus
     
     
687. Streak-headed Woodcreeper  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  EP  DL
     Lepidocolaptes souleyetii lineaticeps
     
     
688. Spot-crowned Woodcreeper  (*)  ______ CH
     Lepidocolaptes affinis neglectus
     
     
689. Brown-billed Scythebill  (*)  ______ CH
     Campylorhamphus pusillus borealis
     
     
690. Red-billed Scythebill  (ph)  ______
     Campylorhamphus trochilirostris 
     
     
     VIREOS
     
     
691. Rufous-browed Peppershrike  (*)  ______  CB  sp(r)
     Cyclarhis gujanensis perrygoi
     
     
692. Green Shrike-Vireo  (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp
     Vireolanius pulchellus viridiceps
     
     
693. Yellow-browed Shrike-Vireo  (PNt3)  ______
     Vireolanius eximius
     
     
694. Yellow-throated Vireo  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH
     Vireo flavifrons  (monotypic)
     
     
695. Yellow-winged Vireo  (PNt3) (*)  ______ CH
     Vireo carmioli  (monotypic)
     
     
696. Brown-capped Vireo  (*)  ______ CH  
     Vireo leucophrys chiriquensis
     
     The Brown-capped Vireo was at one time conspecific with the Warbling Vireo. 
     
     
697. Philadelphia Vireo  (*)  ______  CB  sp  CH
     Vireo philadelphicus  (monotypic)
     
     
698. Red-eyed Vireo  (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  CH
     Vireo o. olivaceus
     
     
699. Yellow-green Vireo  (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  CH
     Vireo f. flavoviridis
     
     
700. White-eyed Vireo  (ph)  ______
     Vireo griseus
     
     
701. Blue-headed Vireo  (ph) ______
     Vireo solitarius
     
     
702. Warbling Vireo  ______
     Vireo gilvus
     
     
703. Black-whiskered Vireo  ______  CB  sp(r)
     Vireo altiloquus
     
     
704. Scrub Greenlet  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Hylophilus flavipes viridiflavus
     
     
705. Golden-fronted Greenlet  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Hylophilus a. aurantiifrons
     
     
706. "Gray-headed" Lesser Greenlet  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH
     Hylophilus d. decurtatus 
     
     
707. Tawny-crowned Greenlet  (*)  ______  CB  sp
     Hylophilus ochraceiceps
     
     
     JAYS
     
     
708. Black-chested Jay  (*)  ______  CB  sp  EP  DL
     Cyanocorax affinis zeledoni
     
     
709. Brown Jay  (ph) (*)  ______
     Psilorhinus (formerly Cyanocorax) m, morio 
     
     
710. Azure-hooded Jay  ______
     Cyanolyca cucullata
     
     
711. Silvery-throated Jay  (PNt3)  ______
     Cyanolyca argentigula
     
     
     WAXWING & ALLIES
     
     
712. Cedar Waxwing  (ph) ______
     Bombycilla cedrorum
     
     
713. Long-tailed Silky (-Flycatcher)  (PNt3) (ph) (*)  ______  CH
     Ptilogonys caudatus
     
     
714. Black-and-Yellow Phainoptila  (PNt3)  ______
     Phainoptila melanoxantha
     
     
     SWALLOWS & MARTINS
     
     
715. Mangrove Swallow  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  sp  CL
     Tachycineta albilinea  (monotypic)
     
     
716. Tree Swallow  (ph) ______  CB  sp
     Tachycineta bicolor
     
     
717. Violet-green Swallow  ______
     Tachycineta thalassina
     
     
718. White-winged Swallow  (PNr)  ______  DN
     Tachycineta albiventer
     
     A White-winged Swallow observed in the Darien region of Panama on July 6, 1996 was said to be a first record for both Panama and for Central America.
     
     
719. Purple Martin  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Progne subis  (3 subspecies migrate thru Panama)
     
     
720. Gray-breasted Martin  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH  DL  EP 
     Progne c. chalybea
     
     
721. Southern Martin  ______
     Progne modesta
     
     
722. Brown-chested Martin  (PNr) (ph)  ______  CB  sp(r)
     Progne (formerly Phaeoprogne) tapera
     
     
723. Blue-and-white Swallow  (*)  ______ CB  sp  CH
     Pygochelidon (has also been Notiochelidon) cyanoleuca  (2 subspecies occur in Panama)
     Pygochelodon c. cyanoleuca  (subspecies in Central & northern South America)
     Pygochelodon cyanoleuca patagonia  (subspecies, a migrant from southern South America)
     
     
724. White-thighed Swallow  ______  CB  sp
     Neochelidon tibialis
     
     
725. Northern Rough-winged Swallow  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  CL
     Stelgidopteryx serripennis  (3 subspecies occur in Panama)
     
     
726. Southern Rough-winged Swallow  (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  CH
     Stelgidopteryx ruficollis decolor 
     
     
727. Bank Swallow (or Sand Martin)  (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp
     Riparia r. riparia
     
     
728. Barn Swallow  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CL
     Hirundo rustica erythrogaster
     
     
729. American Cliff Swallow  (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp
     Petrochelidon (has been Hirundo) pyrrhonota
     
     
730. Cave Swallow  (ph)  ______
     Petrochelidon (has been Hirundo) fulva
     
     
     WRENS
     
     
731. White-headed Wren  (PNt3) (*)  ______ CB  sp(r)
     Campylorhynchus a. albobrunneus  (1 of 2 subspecies in Panama)
     
     The White-headed Wren is closely related to the Band-backed Wren.
     
     
732. Band-backed Wren  (*)  ______  CH  
     Campylorhynchus zonatus costaricensis  (1 of 2 subspecies in Panama)
     
     Another name for the Band-backed Wren is the Barred Wren.
     
     
733. Black-throated Wren  (*)  ______
     Thryothorus atrogularis  (monotypic)
     
     
734. Bay Wren  (*)  ______  CB  sp  CH 
     Thryothorus nigricapillus  (5 subspecies in Panama)
     
     
735. Stripe-breasted Wren  (*)  ______ CH  
     Thryothorus thoracicus  (monotypic)
     
     The Stripe-breasted Wren has been considered conspecific with the Stripe-throated Wren of South America. 
     
     
736. Rufous-breasted Wren  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH
     Thryothorus rutilus hyperythrus
     
     
737. Black-bellied Wren  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Thryothorus fasciatoventris melanogaster
     
     
738. Rufous-and-white Wren  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Thryothorus rufalbus castanonotus
     
     
739. Buff-breasted Wren  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  EP
     Thryothorus leucotis galbraithii
     
     
740. Plain Wren  (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  CH
     Thryothorus modestus elutus
     
     
741. Canebrake Wren  ______  (has been considered part of the Plain Wren)
     Thryothorus zeledoni
     
     
742. Sooty-headed Wren  (PNt3)  ______
     Thryothorus spadix
     
     
743. Riverside Wren  (PNt2) (ph)  ______
     Thryothorus semibadius
     
     
744. Stripe-throated Wren  ______
     Thryothorus leucopogon 
     
     
745. (Southern) House Wren  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH  CL  DL  EP
     Troglodytes musculis (or aedon in part) inquietus
     
     
746. Ochraceous Wren  (PNt3) (*)  ______ CH
     Troglodytes ochraceus ligea
     
     
747. Timberline Wren  (PNt3) (*)  ______ CH
     Thryorchilus b. browni
     
     
748. Sedge Wren  (PNt2) (ph)  ______
     Cistothorus stellaris 
     
     
749. White-breasted Wood-Wren  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Henicorhina leucosticta darienensis
     
     
750. Gray-breasted Wood-Wren  (*)  ______ CH  EP
     Henicorhina leucophrys collina
     
     
751. "Panama Nightingale-Wren"  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Microcerculus (marginatus) luscinia  
     
     The "Panama Nightingale-Wren" has been called the Whistling Wren (or Whistling (Nightingale-) Wren). It is closely to, and probably conspecific with the Scaly-breasted Wren of South America, Microcerculus marginatus.    
     
     
752. Song Wren  (*)  ______  CB  sp  EP
     Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus lawrencii
     
     The Song Wren us closely related to the Musician Wren of South America.  
     
     
753. Black-capped Donacobius  (ph)  ______
     Donacobius atricapillus 
     
     
     GNATCATCHERS & GNATWRENS 
     
     
754. Tropical Gnatcatcher  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp
     Polioptila plumbea bilineata
     
     
755. Slate-throated Gnatcatcher  (*)  ______  DN  EP
     Polioptila schistaceigula
     
     
756. Long-billed Gnatwren  (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp
     Ramphocaenus rufiventris panamensis 
     
     The Long-billed Gnatwren has been said by some to be separate from the "Straight-billed Gnatwren" of South America.
     
     
757. Tawny-faced Gnatwren  (*)  ______  CB  sp  EP
     Microbates cinereiventris
     
     
     THRUSHES
     
     
758. Black-faced Solitaire  (PNt3) (*)  ______ CH
     Myadestes melanops  (monotypic)
     
     
759. Varied Solitaire  (PNt3)  ______
     Myadestes coloratus
     
     
760. Orange-billed Nightingale-Thrush  (*)  ______ CH
     Catharus aurantiirostris russatus
     
     
761. Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush  (*)  ______ CH
     Catharus fuscater hellmayri
     
     
762. Ruddy-capped Nightingale-Thrush  (*)  ______ CH
     Catharus frantzii wetmorei
     
     
763. Swainson's Thrush  (*)  ______  CB  mp  cp  CH
     Catharus ustulatus swainsoni
     
     
764. Black-billed Nightingale-Thrush  (PNt3)  ______
     Catharus gracilirostris
     
     
765. Black-headed Nightingale-Thrush  ______
     Catharus mexicanus
     
     
766. Veery  ______  CB  mp  sp
     Catharus fuscessens
     
     
767. Gray-cheeked Thrush  ______  CB  mp  sp
     Catharus minimus
     
     
768. Wood Thrush  ______  CB  mp  sp
     Hylocichia mustelinus
     
     
769. Sooty Thrush (or Robin)  (PNt3) (ph) (*)  ______ CH
     Turdus nigrescens  (monotypic)
     
     
770. Mountain Thrush (or Robin)  (*)  ______ CH
     Turdus p. plebejus
     
     
771. Pale-vented Thrush (or Robin)  (*)  ______ CH 
     Turdus o. obsoletus
     
     The Pale-vented Thrush was considered conspecific with the Cocoa Thrush and the Hauxwell's Thrush, both of South America.
     
     
772. Clay-colored Thrush (or Robin)  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH  CL  EP  DL
     Turdus grayi casius
     
     
773. White-throated Thrush (or Robin)  (*)  ______  CH  CB  sp(r)
     Turdus assimilis cnephosus
     
     The White-throated Thrush was considered conspecific with the White-necked Thrush of South America.  
     
     
     MOCKINGBIRD & CATBIRD
     
     
774. Tropical Mockingbird  (PNi) (ph) (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  DL
     Mimus gilvus melanopterus  (introduced in Panama from Colombia)
     
     
775. Gray Catbird  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  CH
     Dumetella carlinensis  (monotypic)
     
     
     OLD WORLD FLYCATCHERS, OLE WORLD CHATS, and allies
     
     
776. Northern Wheatear  (PNr)  ______
     Oenanthe oenanthe
     
     There has been one Panamanian record of a Northern Wheatear in Chirqui in 2008.   
     
     
     DIPPER
     
     
777. (North) American Dipper  (*)  ______  CH
     Cinclus mexicanus ardesiacus  
     
     
     INTRODUCED SPECIES (STARLING, OLD WORLD SPARROW, MUNIAS)
     
     
778. European Starling  (PNi) (ph)  ______
     Sturnus vulgaris
     
     3 records of the European Starling in Panama, in 1979, 2001, & 2008, were probably ship-assisted.  
     
     
779. House Sparrow  (PNi) (*)  ______  CB  mp  CH 
     Passer domesticus
     
     
780. Nutmeg Munia  (PNi) (PNr)  ______  CB  sp(v)   (also called Nutmeg Mannikin)
     Lonchura punctulata
     
     
781. Tricolored Munia  (PNi) (PNr)  ______  CB  mp  sp(v)  (also called Tricolored Mannikin) 
     Lonchura malacca  
     
     
     PIPIT
     
     
782. Yellowish Pipit  (*)  ______ CL
     Anthus lutescens parvus
     
     
     CHLOROPHONIAS & EUPHONIAS 
     
     
783. Golden-browed Chlorophonia  (PNt3) (*)  ______ CH  
     Chlorophonia callophrys  (monotypic)
     
     The Golden-browed Chlorophonia was, at one time, considered conspecific with the Blue-crowned Chlorophonia of northern Central America. 
     
     
784. Yellow-collared Chlorophonia  (PNt3)  ______
     Chlorophonia flavirostris
     
     
785. Yellow-crowned Euphonia  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Euphonia luteicapilla  (monotypic)
     
     
786. Thick-billed Euphonia  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  CH  DL  EP
     Euphonia laniirostris crassirostris
     
     
787. Elegant Euphonia  (*)  ______  CH    
     Euphonia e. elegantissma 
     
     The Elegant Euphonia was called the Blue-hooded Euphonia. It is closely related to, and was conspecific with the Antillean Euphonia of the West Indies and the Golden-rumped Euphonia of South America.  
     
     
788. Fulvous-vented Euphonia  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Euphonia f. fulvicrissa
     
     
789. Spot-crowned Euphonia  (PNt2) (*)  ______
     Euphonia imitans  (monotypic)
     
     
790. Olive-backed Euphonia  (ph) (*)  ______
     Euphonia gouldi praetermissa
     
     
791. Tawny-capped Euphonia  (PNt3) (*)  ______
     Euphonia a. anneae
     
     
792. Yellow-throated Euphonia  (PNt2) (ph)  ______
     Euphonia hirundinacea
     
     
793. White-vented Euphonia  ______  CB  mp  sp
     Euphonia minuta
     
     
794. Orange-bellied Euphonia  ______  DN
     Euphonia xanthogaster
     
     
     GOLDFINCH & SISKIN
     
     
795. Lesser Goldfinch  (*)  ______ CB  mp  CH
     Carduelis (or Astragalinus) psaltria colombiana
     
     Another name for Carduelis psaltria is the Dark-backed Goldfinch.
     
     
796. Yellow-bellied Siskin  (*)  ______ CH
     Sporagra (formerly Carduelis) x. xanthogastra  
     
     
     NEW WORLD WARBLERS
     
     
797. Black-and-white Warbler  (*) ______  CB  mp  sp  CH
     Mniotilta varia
     
     
798. Prothonotary Warbler  (ph) (*) ______  CB  mp  sp
     Protonotaria citrea
     
     
799. Worm-eating Warbler  ______  CB  mp(r)  sp(r)
     Helmitheros vermivorus
     
     
800. Swainson's Warbler  (PNr)  ______  CB  sp(v)
     Limnothlypis swainsonii
     
     A single record for Panama of a Swainson's Warbler was in 2004.
     
     
801. Golden-winged Warbler  (nt) (*) ______  CB  mp  sp  CH
     Vermivora chrysoptera
     
     
802. Blue-winged Warbler  (ph) (*) ______  CH  sp
     Vermivora pinus
     
     
803. Tennessee Warbler  (ph) (*) ______  CB  mp  sp  CH
     Oreothypis (formerly Vermivora) peregrina
     
     
804. Nashville Warbler  (ph)  ______
     Oreothypis (formerly Vermivora) ruficapilla
     
     
805. Virginia's Warbler  (PNr)  ______  CB
     Oreothypis (formerly Vermivora) virginiae
     
     A single record of the Virginia's Warbler in Panama was on the Pacific side in the Canal Basin in 2001.
     
     
806. Northern Parula  (ph)  ______
     Setophaga (formerly Parula) americana
     
     
807. Tropical Parula  (*) ______  CH  EP
     Setophaga (formerly Parula) pitiayumi speciosa
     
     
808. Flame-throated Warbler  (PNt3) (*) ______  CH
     Oreothypis (formerly Parula) gutturalis
     
     
809. Yellow Warbler  (ph) (*) ______  CB  mp  sp  CL
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) petechia 
     
     
810. Mangrove Warbler  (ph) (*) ______  CB 
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) erithachorides 
     
     The Mangrove Warbler has been part of the Yellow Warbler (above), and by some it is still considered to be so..  .  
     
     
811. Magnolia Warbler  (ph) (*) ______  CB  mp  sp
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) magnolia
     
     
812. Yellow-throated Warbler  (ph) (*) ______  CH
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) dominica
     
     
813. Chestnut-sided Warbler  (ph) (*) ______  CB  mp  sp  CH
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) pensylvanica 
     
     
814. Black-throated Green Warbler  (ph) (*) ______ CH
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) virens 
     
     
815. Blackburnian Warbler  (ph) (*) ______  CB  mp  sp  CH
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) fusca
     
     
816. Bay-breasted Warbler  (*) ______ CB  mp  sp  
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) castanea
     
     
817. Cape May Warbler  ______  CB  mp(r)  sp(r)
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) tigrina
     
     
818. Black-throated Blue Warbler  ______  CB  sp(r)
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) caerulescens
     
     
819. "Myrtle" Yellow-rumped Warbler  (ph)  ______ 
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) c, coronata
     
     
820. Townsend's Warbler  ______
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) townsendi
     
     
821. Hermit Warbler  ______
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) occidentalis
     
     
822. Pine Warbler  (ph)  ______
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) pinus
     
     
823. Prairie Warbler  (ph)  ______
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) discolor
     
     
824. Palm Warbler  ______
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) palmarum
     
     
825. Blackpoll Warbler  (ph)  ______  CB  mp(r)  sp(r)
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) striata
     
     
826. Cerulean Warbler  (t3)  ______  CB  mp(r)  sp
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) cerulea
     
     
827. Hooded Warbler  (PNr)  ______  CB  sp(r)
     Setophaga (formerly Wilsonia) citrina
     
     
828. Ovenbird  (ph)  ______  CB  mp  sp
     Seiurus aurocapillus
     
     
829. Northern Waterthrush  (*) ______ CB  mp  sp
     Parkesia (formerly Seiurus) n. noveboracensis
     
     
830. Louisiana Waterthrush  (*) ______  CB  sp  CH
     Parkesia (formerly Seiurus) motacilla
     
     
831. Mourning Warbler  (ph) (*) ______  CB  CH
     Geothlypis (formerly Oporornis) philadelphia
     
     
832. Olive-crowned Yellowthroat  (*) ______
     Geothlypis semiflava bairdi
     
     
833. Common Yellowthroat  (ph)  ______  CB  sp(r)
     Geothylpis trichas
     
     
834. Chiriqui Yellowthroat  ______   
     Geothylpis chiriquensis    
     
     The Chiriqui Yellowthroat of western Panama and adjacent Costa Rica has been considered part of the Masked Yellowthroat, Geothylpis aequinoctialis, now of northeastern South America.  
     
     
835. Gray-crowned Yellowthroat  ______ 
     Geothylpis poliocephala
     
     
836. Kentucky Warbler  ______  CB  sp
     Geothylpis (formerly Oporornis) formosus
     
     
837. Mourning Warbler  ______  CB  mp  sp
     Geothylpis (formerly Oporornis) philadelphia
     
     
838. MacGillivray's Warbler  (ph)  ______
     Geothylpis (formerly Oporornis) tolmiei
     
     
839. Connecticut Warbler  (ph)  ______
     Oporornis agilis  (now the single member of its genus)
     
     
840. Wilson's Warbler  (*) ______ CH
     Cardellina (formerly Wilsonia) p. pusilla
     
     
841. Canada Warbler  (ph)  ______  CB  mp  sp
     Cardellina (formerly Wilsonia) canadensis
     
     
842. American Redstart  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp
     Setophaga ruticilla  (now said to be monotypic) (the single member of its genus)
     
     
843. Slate-throated Whitestart  (*)  ______ CH
     Myioborus miniatus  (2 subspecies in Panama)
     Myioborus miniatus aurantiacus  (subspecies in western  Panama)
     Myioborus miniatus ballux  (subspecies in eastern  Panama) 
     
     Myioborus miniatus has also been called the Slate-throated Redstart.
     
     
844. Collared Whitestart  (PNt3) (ph) (*) ______ CH
     Myioborus torquatus  (monotypic)
     
     Myioborus torquatus has also been called the Collared Whitestart.
     
     
845. Stripe-crowned Warbler  (*)  ______ CH   
     Basileuterus culicivorus godmani
     
     Another name often used for Basileuterus culicivorus has been the Golden-crowned Warbler. 
     
     
846. Chestnut-capped Warbler  (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Basileuterus m. mesochrysus  (Another subspecies in Panama, B. m. aqctuosus,  restricted to the offshore Coiba Island)
     
     By some, the Chestnut-capped Warbler has been considered conspecific with the Rufous-capped Warbler of northern Middle America and Mexico. 
       
     
847. Black-cheeked Warbler  (PNt3) (*)  ______ CH
     Basileuterus m. melanogenys
     
     
848. Three-striped Warbler  (*)  ______ CH
     Basileuterus tristriatus melanotis
     
     
849. Pirre Warbler  (t3) (PNt3)  ______
     Basileuterus ignotus
     
     
850. Buff-rumped Warbler  (ph) (*) ______  CB  mp  sp  CH  EP
     Phaeothylpis fulvicauda  (3 subspecies in Panama)
     
     The Buff-rumped Warbler is closely related to the more-southerly Riverbank Warbler, that has also been called the Neotropical River Warbler, Phaeothylpis rivularis. 
     
     
851. Zeledonia  (PNt3) (*) ______ CH
     Zeledonia coronata  (monotypic)
     
     Another name for Zelondia coronata has been the Wrenthrush.
     
     
852. Yellow-breasted Chat  (ph) ______
     Icteria virens
     
     
     ICTERIDS
     
     
853. Crested Oropendola  (ph) (*)  ______ CB
     Psarocolius decumanus melanterus
     
     
854. Chestnut-headed Oropendola  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp  CH 
     Psarocolius wagleri ridgwayi
     
     
855. Black Oropendola  (PNt2) (*)  ______  DL  EP
     Psarocolius guatimozinus
     
     
856. Montezuma Oropendola  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  sp
     Psarocolius montezuma  (monotypic)
     
     
857. "Western" Yellow-rumped Cacique  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  DL
     Cacicus (cela) vitellinus 
     
     The "Western" Yellow-rumped Cacique is conspecific with the "Eastern" Yellow-rumped Cacique of South America.  
     
     
858. Scarlet-rumped Cacique  (*) ______ CB  mp  sp
     Cacicus m. microrhynchus
     
     
859. Yellow-billed Cacique  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  EP
     Amblycercus (formerly Cacicus) h. holosericeus
     
     
860. Black-cowled Oriole  (*)  ______  
     Icterus prosthemelas praecox
     
     The Black-cowled Oriole was conspecific with what was the Greater Antillean Oriole, Icterus dominicensis, in the West Indies. 
     That species in the Caribbean has since been split into a few species: the Hispaniolan Oriole, the Puerto Rican Oriole, the Cuban Oriole, and the Bahama Oriole.     
     
     
861. Orchard Oriole  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Icterus s. spurius
     
     
862. Yellow-backed Oriole  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Icterus chrysater giraudii
     
     
863. Yellow-tailed Oriole  (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Icterus mesomelas carrikeri
     
     
864. Orange-crowned Oriole  (*)  ______  CB  sp(r)  DL  EP
     Icterus auricapillus  (monotypic)
     
     
865. Baltimore Oriole  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH 
     Icteus galbula (monotypic)
     
     For a while, the Baltimore Oriole was conspecific with the Bullock's Oriole of the western US & Mexico. The two were then called the Northern Oriole. 
     
     
866. Red-breasted Blackbird  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  CL  DL  EP
     Sturnella (formerly Leistes) militaris  (monotypic) 
     
     
867. Eastern Meadowlark  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  CH  CL  EP
     Sturnella magna subulata
     
     
868. Yellow-headed Blackbird  (ph)  ______
     Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus
     
     
869. Great-tailed Grackle  (ph) (*) ______ CB  mp  sp  CH  CL  DL  EP
     Quiscalus mexicanus peruvianus
     
     
870. Giant Cowbird  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  EP
     Molothrus oryzivorus impacifa
     
     
871. Bronzed Cowbird  (*)  ______  CB  mp  CH  
     Molothrus a. aeneus 
     
     Another name for Molothrus aeneus has been the Red-eyed Cowbird.
     
     
872. Shiny Cowbird  (*)  ______  CB
     Molothrus bonariensis
     
     The Shiny Cowbird has recently increased in numbers in Panama. 
     
     
873. Bobolink  (ph)  ______  CB  sp
     Dolichonyx oryzivorus
     
     
     BANANAQUIT
     
     
874. Bananaquit  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CL  DL
     Coereba flaveola mexicana 
     
     
     FINCHES
     
     
875. Sooty-faced Finch  (PNt3)  ______
     Lysurus crassirostris
     
     
876. Yellow-thighed Finch  (PNt3) (*)  ______ CH
     Pselliophorus tibialis
     
     
877. Yellow-green Finch  (t3) (PNt2) (PNe)  ______
     Pselliophorus luteoviridis
     
     The Yellow-green Finch is one of less than a dozen species endemic to Panama.
       
     
878. Large-footed Finch  (PNt3)  ______
     Pezopetes capitalis
     
     
879. Yellow-throated Brush Finch  (*)  ______ CH 
     Atlapetes gutturalis brunnescens
     
     
880. Chestnut-capped Brush Finch  ______
     Buarremon (formerly Atlapetes) brunneinucha
     
     
881. Black-headed Brush Finch  ______
     Buarremon (formerly Atlapetes) atricapillus
     
     Both the Black-headed Brush Finch and the Costa Rican Brush Finch (below) were part of the Stripe-headed Brush Finch, Arremon turquatus, now of South America.    
     
     
882. Costa Rican Brush Finch   ______  (the range is southwestern Costa Rica and adjacent western Panama)
     Arremon costaricensis
     
     
883. Orange-billed Sparrow  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Arremon a. aurantiirostris
     
     
884. Black-striped Sparrow  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Arremonops conirostris striaticeps
     
     
885. Grasshopper Sparrow  (PNt1) (ph)  ______
     Ammodramus savannarum
     
     
886. Lark Sparrow  (ph)  ______
     Chondestes grammacus
     
     
887. Savannah Sparrow  (ph)  ______
     Passerculus sandwichensis
     
     
888. Lincoln's Sparrow  ______  
     Melospiza lincolnii
     
     
889. Rufous-collared Sparrow  (ph) (*)  ______ CH
     Zonotrichia capensis costaricensis
     
     
890. White-crowned Sparrow  (ph)  ______
     Zonotrichia leucophrys
     
     
891. Volcano Junco  (ph) (*)  ______ CH
     Junco vulcani  (monotypic) 
     
     
     TANAGERS
     
     
892. Black-and-yellow Tanager  (PNt3) (*)  ______ CH
     Chrysothlypis c. chrysomelas
     
     
893. Yellow-backed Tanager  ______
     Hemithraupis flavicollis
     
     
894. Common Bush Tanager  (*)  ______ CH
     Chlorospingus flavopectus (formerly ophthalmicus)  (3 subspecies in Panama) 
     Chlorospingus flavopectus regionalis  (subspecies in western Panama)
     Chlorospingus flavopectus novicius  (subspecies in the area of Boquete & the Volcan de Chiriqui eastern slope)
     Chlorospingus flavopectus punctulatus  (subspecies in western Panama)
     
     Throughout its extensive range in Central & South America, there are said to be 27 subspecies of the Common Bush Tanager.  
     
     
895. Sooty-capped Bush Tanager  (PNt3) (*)  ______ CH
     Chlorospingus pileatus  (2 subspecies in Panama: C. p. pileatus & C. p. diversus)
     
     
896. Yellow-throated Bush Tanager (PNt3) (*)  ______ CH
     Chlorospingus flavigularis hypophaeus
     
     
897. Ashy-throated Bush Tanager  (PNt3)  ______
     Chlorospingus canigularis
     
     
898. Tacarcuna Bush Tanager  (PNt3)   ______
     Chlorospingus tacarcunae
     
     The Tacarcuna Bush Tanager has been considered a subspecies of the Common Bush Tanager (above). 
     
     
899. Pirre Bush Tanager  (PNt3) (PNe)  ______
     Chlorospingus inornatus 
     
     The Pirre Bush Tanager is one of less than a dozen species endemic to Panama.
     
     
900. Dusky-faced Tanager  (*)  ______  CB  sp  CH
     Mitrospingus c. cassinii
     
     
901. Rosy Thrush-Tanager  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Rhodinocichla rosea eximia
     
     
902. Carmiol's Tanager  ______  CB  sp
     Chlorothraupis carmioli
     
     The Carmiol's Tanager was conspecific with the Olive Tanager of South America.
     
     
903. Lemon-spectacled Tanager  ______
     Chlorothraupis olivacea
     
     
904. Gray-headed Tanager  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Eucometis penicillata cristata
     
     
905. White-throated Shrike-Tanager  (PNt3)  ______
     Lanio leucothorax
     
     
906. Sulphur-rumped Tanager  (PNt3) (*)  ______  CB  sp 
     Heterospingus rubrifrons  (monotypic)
     
     The Sulphur-rumped Tanager is closely related to the Scarlet-browed Tanager of eastern Panama & northwest South America. 
     
     
907. Scarlet-browed Tanager  (PNt3)  ______
     Heterospingus xanthopygius
     
     
908. White-shouldered Tanager  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  EP
     Tachyphonus luctuosus panamensis
     
     
909. Tawny-crested Tanager  (*)  ______ CB  sp  DN  EP
     Tachyphonus delatrii  (monotypic) 
     
      
910. White-lined Tanager  (*)  ______  CB  sp  CH
     Tachyphonus rufus  (monotypic)
     
     
911. Red-crowned Ant-Tanager  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  mp  CH
     Habia rubica vinacea
     
     
912. Red-throated Ant-Tanager  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  mp  sp
     Habia fuscicauda willisi
     
     
913. Tooth-billed Tanager  (*)  ______  CB  mp  CH  
     Piranga lutea testacea
     
     The Tooth-billed Tanager was part of the Hepatic Tanager. 
     
     
914. Summer Tanager  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH
     Piranga r. rubra
     
     
915. Scarlet Tanager  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Piranga olivacea  (monotypic)
     
     
916. Flame-colored Tanager  (ph) (*)  ______ CH    
     Piranga bidentata citrea 
     
     The Flame-colored Tanager has also been called the Streak-backed Tanager. 
     
     
917. White-winged Tanager  (*)  ______ CH
     Piranga leucoptera latifasciata
     
     
918. Western Tanager  (ph)  ______
     Piranga ludoviciana
     
     
919. Crimson-collared Tanager  (*)  ______ CH
     Phlogothraupis sanguinolenta apricus
     
     
920. Crimson-backed Tanager  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  DL  EP  
     Ramphocelus d. dimidiatus
     
     
921. Cherrie's Tanager  (PNt2) (ph) (*)  ______ CH  
     Ramphocelus costaricensis 
     
     The Cherrie's Tanager was, with the Passerini's Tanager (below), part of the former Scarlet-rumped Tanager. 
     
     
922. Passerini's Tanger  (ph)  ______
     Ramphocelus passerini
     
     
923. Lemon-rumped Tanager  (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Ramphocelus (flammigerus) icteonotus
     
     The Lemon-rumped Tanager has been considered conspecific with the Flame-rumped Tanager of South America.
     
     
924. Blue-gray Tanager  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH  CL  DL  EP
     Thraupis episcopus cana
     
     
925. Palm Tanager  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH  EP
     Thraupis palmarum atripennis
     
     
926. Blue-and-gold Tanager  (nt) (PNt3) (*)  ______ CH
     Bangsia a. arcaei 
     
     
927. Plain-colored Tanager  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  DL  EP
     Tangara inornata languens
     
     
928. Emerald Tanager  (*)  ______ CH
     Tangara f. florida
     
     
929. Silver-throated Tanager  (ph) (*)  ______ CH
     Tangara icterocephala frantzii
     
     
930. Speckled Tanager  (ph) (*)  ______ CH
     Tangara guttata eusticta
     
     
931. Bay-headed Tanager  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  sp(r)  CH  EP
     Tangara gyrola bangsi
     
     
932. Golden-hooded Tanager  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  EP
     Tangara larvata fanny
     
     
933. Spangle-cheeked Tanager  (PNt3) (*) ______ CH
     Tangara dowii  (monotypic) 
     
     
934. Green-naped Tanager  (nt) (PNt2) (PNe)  ______
     Tangara fucosa 
     
     The Green-naped Tanager is one of less than a dozen species endemic to Panama. 
     
     
935. Gray-and-gold Tanager  (PNt3)  ______
     Tangara palmeri
     
     
936. Swallow Tanager  (ph)  ______
     Tersina viridis
     
     
     CONEBILL, DACNIS, HONEYCREEPERS, FLOWER-PIERCER
     
     
937. White-eared Conebill  (*)  ______ EP
     Conirostrum leucogenys panamense
     
     
938. Scarlet-thighed Dacnis  (*)  ______  CB  sp  CH
     Dacnis v. venusta
     
     
939. Blue Dacnis  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH  EP
     Dacnis cayana ultramarina
     
     
940. Viridian Dacnis  (nt) (PNt3)  ______
     Dacnis  viquieri
     
     
941. Green Honeycreeper  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH  EP
     Chlorophanes spiza aguta
     
     
942. Shining Honeycreeper  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  sp  EP
     Cyanerpes lucidus isthmicus
     
     
943. Red-legged Honeycreeper  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH  CL 
     Cyanerpes cyaneus carneipes
     
     
944. Purple Honeycreeper  (ph)  ______  DN
     Cyanerpes caeruleus
     
     
945. Slaty Flower-piercer  (PNt3) (ph) (*) ______ CH  
     Diglossa p. plumbea 
     
     The Slaty Flower-piercer is closely related to the Rusty Flower-piercer of South America. 
     
     
     FINCHES, GRASSQUITS, SEEDEATERS 
     
     
946. Slaty Finch  ______
     Haplospiza rustica
     
     
947. Peg-billed Finch  (PNt2)  ______
     Acanthidops bairdi
     
     
948. Yellow-faced Grassquit  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  sp  CH  EP
     Tiaris olivacea pusillus
     
     
949. Blue Seedeater  ______
     Amaurospiza concolor
     
     
950. Variable Seedeater  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH  DL  EP
     Sporophila corvina  (formerly Sporophila aurita) hoffmannii
     
     There are 2 other subspecies in Panama: S. c. corvina & S. c. hicksii.
     
     
951. White-collared Seedeater  (ph) (*)  ______ CL
     Sporophila torqueola morelleti
     
     
952. Yellow-bellied Seedeater  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  EP
     Sporophila n. nigricollis
     
     
953. Ruddy-breasted Seedeater  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  EP
     Sporophila minuta centralis
     
     
954. Slate-colored Seedeater  ______  CB  mp(r)  sp(r)
     Sporophila schistacea
     
     
955. Lesson's Seedeater  ______
     Sporophila bouvronides
     
     
956. Lined Seedeater  (PNr)  ______
     Sporophila lineola
     
     A Lined Seedeater near Fort Sherman on January 2, 2000 was said to be the first record of the species for Panama. 
     
     
957. Thick-billed Seed Finch  (*) ______ CB  sp  CH  
     Oryzoborus funereus ochrogyne
     
     The Thick-billed Seed Finch was conspecific with what is now the Chestnut-bellied Seed Finch of South America, Oryzoborus angolensis, and when so it was called the Lesser Seed Finch.   
     
     
958. Nicaraguan Seed Finch  (PNt2)  ______
     Oryzoborus nuttingi
     
     
959. Blue-black Grassquit  (*) ______ CB  mp  sp  CL  DL  EP
     Volatinia jacarina splendens  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
960. Grassland Yellow-Finch  (PNt2) (*) ______ CB  EP
     Sicalis luteola eisenmanni
     
     
961. Saffron Finch  (PNi) (ph) (*) ______ CB
     Sicalis f. flaveola 
     
     
962. Wedge-tailed Grass Finch  (ph)  ______  
     Emberizoides herbicola
     
     
     DICKCISSEL, SALTATORS, GROSBEAKS, BUNTINGS 
     
     
963. Dickcissel  (ph)  ______  CB  sp
     Spiza americana
     
     
964. Black-headed Saltator  (*)  ______ CB  sp
     Saltator atriceps lacertosus
     
     
965. Buff-throated Saltator  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH  EP
     Saltator maximus intermedius
     
     
966. Streaked Saltator  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH
     Saltator striatipectus isthmicus
     
     
967. Slate-colored Grosbeak  ______  CB  sp
     Saltator (formerly Pitylus) grossus
     
     
968. Black-faced Grosbeak  (*)  ______ CH
     Caryothraustes poliogaster scapularis
     
     
969. Yellow-green Grosbeak  (PNt3)  ______
     Caryothraustes canadensis
     
     
970. Black-thighed Grosbeak  (PNt3) (*)  ______ CH  
     Pheucticus tibialis  (monotypic)
     
     The Black-thighed Grosbeak is closely related to the more-northerly Mexican Yellow Grosbeak and the more-southerly Southern Yellow Grosbeak.  
     
     
971. Rose-breasted Grosbeak  (ph) (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp  CH
     Pheucticus ludovicianus  (monotypic)
     
     
972. Blue-black Grosbeak  (*)  ______ CB  mp  sp
     Cyanocompsa c. cyanoides
     
     
973. Blue Grosbeak  (ph)  ______  CB  mp
     Guiraca c. caerulea
     
     
974. Indigo Bunting  (ph) (*)  ______  CB  sp  CH
     Passerina cyanea  (monotypic)
     
     
975. Painted Bunting  (ph)  ______
     Passerina ciris