Mammals & Some Other Wildlife
(land & marine)

in Central America

Some excellent books about Central American Mammals include:
"A Field Guide to the Mammals of Central America & Southeast Mexico" 
by Fiona Reid, 1997.
"The Natural History of Costa Rican Mammals" by Mark Wainwright, 2002.

1. Southern (or Common) Opossum ______ (*) CR(N),GU,PN   
   Didelphis marsupialis
   
2. Virginia Opossum ______ (*) CR(N)
   Didelphis virginiana
   
   
3. Gray Four-eyed Opossum ______
   Philander opossum
   
   
4. Water Opossum ______ 
   Chironectes minimus
   
   
5. Brown Four-eyed Opossum ______
   Metachirus nudicaudatus
   
   
6. Grayish Mouse Opossum ______
   Marmosa canescens
   
   
7. Mexican Mouse Opossum ______
   Marmosa mexicana
   
   
8. Robinson's Mouse Opossum ______
   Marmosa robinsoni
   
   
9. Highland Mouse Opossum ______ (In Central America, only in eastern Panama.)
   Marmosops (formerly Marmosa) impavidus
   
   
10. Slaty Mouse Opossum ______ (In Central America, only in Panama)
    Marmosops (formerly Marmosa) invictus 
    
    
11. Alston's Mouse Opossum ______
    Micoureus alstoni
    
    
12. Sepia Short-tailed Opossum ______ (in Central America. only in eastern Panama)
    Monodelphis adusta
    
    
13. Central American Woolly Opossum ______
    Caluromys derbianus 
    
    
    ANTEATERS, SLOTHS, and ARMADILLOS (in the Order Xenarthra, formerly Edentata; Anteaters in the Family Myrmecophagidae, Sloths in the Families Bradypodidae (3-toed) & Megalonychidae (2-toed), Armadillos in the Family Dasypodidae) 
    
    
14. Giant Anteater ______ (If it still exists in Central America, it is very rare there. There are a few recent sight records in southern Costa Rica and Panama. This species may be the most endangered mammal in Central America. It is common in parts of South America.)   
    
    
15. Northern Tamandua ______ (*) CR(N,S),PN (also called Banded or Vested Anteater) (IN PHOTO AT TOP OF THIS LIST)
    Tamandua mexicana
    
      
16. Brown-throated Three-toed Sloth ______ (*) CR(N,S),PN
    Bradypus variegatus 
    
    
    
    
17. Hoffmann's Two-toed Sloth ______ (*) CR(N,S),PN
    Choloepus hoffmanni
    (Photo above: with 2 claws (toes) on the forefoot, and 3 claws (toes) on the hind foot.) 
    
     
18. Nine-banded (Long-nosed) Armadillo ______ (*) CR(N),PN
    Dasypus novemcinctus
    
    
19. Northern Naked-tailed Armadillo ______
    Cabassous centralis
    
    
    INSECTIVORES (in the Order Insectivora)
    
    SHREWS (Family Soricidae)
    
    
20. Saussure's Shrew ______ (in western Guatemala & adjacent Mexico)
    Sorex saussurei
    
    
21. Verapaz Shrew ______ (in western Guatemala & adjacent Mexico)
    Sorex veraepacis
    
    
22. Least Shrew ______
    Cryptotis parva
    
    
23. Blackish Small-eared Shrew ______
    Cryptotis nigrescens
    
    
24. Honduran Small-eared Shrew ______ (known only from 3 localities in Honduras)
    Cryptotis hondurensis
    
    
25. Merriam's Small-eared Shrew ______
    Cryptotis merriami
    
    
26. Darien Small-eared Shrew ______ (only in the Darien highlands of eastern Panama)
    Cryptotis mera
    
    
27. Maya Small-eared Shrew ______ 
    Cryptotis mayensis
    
    
28. Goldman's Small-eared Shrew ______ (primarily in southern Mexico, range extends into western Guatemala)
    Cryptotis goldmani
    
    
29. Goodwin's Small-eared Shrew ______
    Cryptotis goodwini
    
    
30. Talamancan Small-eared Shrew ______ (highlands, mostly in Costa Rica)
    Cryptotis gracilis
    
    
31. Enders' Small-eared Shrew ______ (known only from the Atlantic slope of the Talamanca Mountains in western Panama)
    Cryptotis endersi
       
    
    BATS (in the Order Chiroptera)
    
    SAC-WINGED BATS (in the Family Emballonuridae)
    
    
32. Proboscis Bat ______ (*) CR(N)
    Rhynchonycteris naso  (the single member of its genus)
    (Common in lowland forest near water: streams, rivers, mangroves, and lakes)
    
    
33. Greater White-lined Bat (or White-lined Sac-winged Bat) ______ (*) CR(N,S),HN
    Saccopteryx bilineata
    
    
34. Lesser White-lined Bat ______ 
    Saccopteryx leptura 
    
    
35. Shaggy Bat ______ (rare, known only from a few specimens)
    Centronycteris maximiliani
    
    
36. Lesser Doglike Bat ______
    Peropteryx macrotis
    
    
37. Greater Doglike Bat ______
    Peropteryx kappleri
    
    
38. Chestnut Sac-winged Bat ______ 
    Cormura brevirostris
    (In Central America, uncommon & local, usually in lowland evergreen forest)
    
    
39. Least Sac-winged Bat ______ (*) GU  (in Mexico, northern Guatemala, & Belize)
    Balantiopteryx io  
    
    
40. Gray Sac-winged Bat ______ (*) CR(N)
    Balantiopteryx plicata
    
    
41. Smoky Bat ______ (rare & local, in eastern Nicaragua & eastern Costa Rica; known from a few specimens taken in humid lowland areas)
    Cyttarops alecto 
    
    
42. Northern Ghost Bat ______ 
    Diclidurus albus
    
    
    BULLDOG (or FISHING) BATS  (in the Family Noctilionidae)  
    
    
43. Greater Bulldog (or Fishing) Bat ______ (*) CR,PN
    Noctilio leporinus
    
    
44. Lesser Bulldog (or Fishing) Bat ______ (*) CR,PN
    Noctilio albiventris
    
    
    LEAF-CHINNED BATS (in the Family Mormoopidae)
    
    
45. Ghost-faced Bat ______
    Mormoops megalophylla
    
    
46. Common Mustached Bat ______ (*) CR(N,S),GU,HN,PN
    Pteronatus parnellii
    
    
47. Lesser Mustached Bat ______
    Pteronatus personatus
    
    
48. Davy's Naked-backed Bat ______
    Pteronatus davyi
    
    
49. Big Naked-backed Bat ______
    Pteronatus gymnonotus 
    
    
    LEAF-NOSED BATS (in the Family Phyllostomidae) 
    
    
50. Common Big-eared Bat ______
    Micronycteris microtis
    
    
51. Tiny Big-eared Bat ______
    Micronycteris minuta
    
    
52. Schmidt's Big-eared Bat ______ (apparently rare & local)
    Micronycteris schmidtorum
    
    
53. Hairy Big-eared Bat ______ (apparently rare & local)
    Micronycteris hirsuta
    
    
54. Orange-throated Bat ______ (uncommon & local)
    Micronycteris brachyotis
    
    
55. Niceforo's Bat ______ (In Central America, rare & local; more common in South America)
    Micronycteris nicefori
    
    
56. Tricolored Bat ______ (rare & local)
    Micronycteris sylvestris
    
    
57. Bartica Bat ______ (apparently very rare & local; restricted to mature, evergreen forest)
    Micronycteris daviesi
    
    
58. Waterhouse's Bat ______ (Primarily a Mexican species, some may occur in western Guatemala)
    Macrotus waterhousii 
    
    
59. Common Sword-nosed Bat ______
    Lonchorhina aurita
    
    
60. Long-legged Bat ______ 
    Macrophyllum macrophyllum
    
    
61. Stripe-headed Round-eared Bat ______ (Uncommon to rare; usually in mature evergreen forest)
    Tonatia saurophils
    
    
62. Pygmy Round-eared Bat ______ (*) PN  (lowland forest & regrowth areas)
    Tonatia brasiliense
    
    
63. White-throated Round-eared Bat ______
    Tonatia silvicola
    
    
64. Davis' Round-eared Bat ______ (This species was described as distinct from the White-throated Round-eared Bat in 1978.)
    Tonatia evotis
    
    
65. Golden Bat ______ (*) HN (in northern Guatemala, Belize, and northern Honduras, in lowland forests)
    Mimon bennettii
    
    
66. Striped Hairy-nosed Bat ______ (rare & local) 
    Mimon crenulatum
    
    
67. Pale Spear-nosed Bat ______
    Phyllostomus discolor
    
    
68. Greater Spear-nosed Bat ______
    Phyllostomus hastatus
    
    
69. Pale-faced Bat ______ (rare & local)
    Phyllostomus stenops
    
    
70. Fringe-lipped Bat ______
    Trachops cirrhosus
    
    
71. Woolly False Vampire Bat ______ (uncommon to rare, but widespread)
    Chrotopterus auritus
    
    
72. Great False Vampire Bat ______ (rare & local)
    Vampyrum spectrum
    
    
    NECTAR-FEEDING or LONG-TONGUED BATS (in the Subfamilies Glossophaginae & Lonchophyllinae) 
    
    
73. Common Long-tongued Bat ______ (*) CR(N,S),GU,HN,PN  (in forests & clearings)
    Glossophaga soricina
    
    
74. Gray's Long-tongued Bat ______ (*) GU  (in dry forest s & scrub)
    Glossophaga leachii
    
    
75. Brown Long-tongued Bat ______
    Glossophaga commissarisi
    
    
76. Geoffrey's Hairy-legged Bat ______
    Anoura geoffroyi
    
    
77. Handley's Hairy-legged Bat ______
    Anoura cultrata
    
    
78. Dark Long-tongued Bat ______ (rare)
    Lichonycteris obscura
    
    
79. Underwood's Long-tongued Bat ______
    Hylonycteris underwoodi
    
    
80. Godman's Whiskered Bat ______ (rare to uncommon)
    Choeronycteris godmani
    
    
81. Mexican Hog-nosed Bat ______
    Choeronycteris mexicana
    
    
82. Southern Long-nosed Bat ______ (an endangered species)
    Leptonycteris curasoae
    
    
83. Mexican Long-nosed Bat ______ (Primarily Mexican; in Central America, known from only 2 Guatemalan specimens collected over a century ago. There's also a question as to which species those specimens actually are.)
    Leptonycteris nivalis
    
    
84. Goldman's Nectar Bat ______ (*) CR(S) (fairly common in the humid Pacific lowlands of southwest Costa Rica) (occurs in evergreen forests & banana groves)
    Lonchophylla mordax
    
    
85. Orange-nectar Bat ______
    Lonchophylla robusta
    
    
86. Thomas' Nectar Bat ______ (In Central America, only in eastern Panama)
    Lonchophylla thomasi
    
    
87. Chestnut Long-tongued Bat ______ (In Central America, only in eastern Panama)
    Lionycteris spurrelli
    
    
    SHORT-TAILED BATS (in the Subfamily Carolliinae)
    
    
88. Chestnut Short-tailed Bat ______
    Carollia castanea
    
    
89. Gray Short-tailed Bat ______
    Carollia subrufa
    
    
90. Silky Short-tailed Bat ______
    Carollia brevicauda
    
    
91. Seba's Short-tailed Bat ______
    Carollia perspicillata
    
    
    TAILLESS BATS (in the Subfamily Stenodermatinae)
    
    
92. Little Yellow-shouldered Bat ______
    Sturnira lilium
    
    
93. Luis' Yellow-shouldered Bat ______
    Sturnira luisi
    
    
94. Highland Yellow-shouldered Bat ______
    Sturnira ludovici
    
    
95. Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat ______
    Sturnira mordax
    
    
96. Great Fruit-eating Bat ______ (*) PN  (in rainforests & clearings) 
    Artibeus lituratus
    
    
97. Intermediate Fruit-eating Bat ______
    Artibeus intermedius
    
    
98. Jamaican Fruit-eating Bat ______ (*) PN  (in rainforests & plantations)
    Artibeus jamaicensis
    
    
99. Honduran Fruit-eating Bat ______
    Artibeus inopinatus
    
    
100. Aztec Fruit-eating Bat ______
     Artibeus aztecus
     
     
101. Toltec Fruit-eating Bat ______
     Artibeus toltecus
     
     
102. Pygmy Fruit-eating Bat ______
     Artibeus phaeotis
     
     
103. Thomas' Fruit-eating Bat ______
     Artibeus watsoni
     
     
104. Velvety Fruit-eating Bat ______
     Enchisthenes hartii
     
     
105. Common Tent-making Bat ______
     Uroderma bilobatum
     
     
106. Brown Tent-making Bat ______
     Uroderma magnirostrum
     
     
107. Heller's Broad-nosed Bat ______
     Platyrrhinus helleri
     
     
108. Greater Broad-nosed Bat ______
     Platyrrhinus vittatus
     
     
109. Thomas' Broad-nosed Bat ______ (In Central America, only in eastern Panama) 
     Platyrrhinus dorsalis  (some consider the smaller subspecies, P. d. umbratus, also in eastern Panama, as a full species)
     
     
110. Great Stripe-faced Bat ______ (uncommon north of Panama)
     Vampyrodes caraccioli
     
     
111. Hairy Big-eyed Bat ______
     Chiroderma villosum
     
     
112. Salvin's Big-eyed Bat ______
     Chiroderma salvini
     
     
113. Little Big-eyed Bat ______ (Primarily South American; apparently rare in Panama)
     Chiroderma trinitatum
     
     
114. Little Yellow-eared Bat ______
     Vampyressa pusilla
     
     
115. Striped Yellow-eared Bat ______
     Vampyressa nymphaea
     
     
116. MacConnell's Bat ______
     Mesophylla maconnelli
     
     
117. Honduran White Bat ______ (uncommon & local)
     Ectophylla alba
     
     
118. Little White-shouldered Bat ______ (Primarily South American; known in Panama from a single record on Barro Colorado Island.)
     Ametrida centurio
     
     
119. Wrinkle-faced Bat ______
     Centurio senex
     
     
     VAMPIRE BATS (in the Subfamily Desmodontinae)
     
     
120. Common Vampire Bat ______
     Desmodus rotundus
     
     
121. White-winged Vampire Bat ______ (Primarily South American; in Central America, rare & local.)
     Diaemus youngi
     
     
122. Hairy-legged Vampire Bat ______
     Diphylla ecaudata
     
     
     FUNNEL-EARED BATS (in the Family Natalidae)
     
     
123. Mexican Funnel-eared Bat ______
     Natalus stramineus
     
     
     THUMBLESS BATS (in the Family Furipteridae)
     
     
124. Thumbless Bat ______ (In Central America, apparently rare & local, where known from few localities in lowland, evergreen forests,)  
     
     
     DISK-WINGED BATS (in the Family Thyropteridae)
     
     
125. Peter's Disk-winged Bat ______ (Primarily South American; in Central America, 2 records)
     Thyroptera discifera
     
     
126. Spix's Disk-winged Bat ______
     Thyroptera tricolor
     
     
     PLAIN-NOSED BATS (in the Family Vespertilionidae)
     
     
127. California Myotis ______
     Myotis californicus
     
     
128. Cinnamon Myotis ______
     Myotis fortidens
     
     
129. Cave Myotis ______
     Myotis velifer
     
     
130. Guatemalan Myotis ______ (known only from 1 specimen, from Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, at about 1300 meters above sea level)
     Myotis cobanensis
     
     
131. Black Myotis ______  (*) CR(N,S)  (in forests & built-up areas)
     Myotis nigricans
     
     
132. Elegant Myotis ______
     Myotis elegans
     
     
133. Silver-haired Myotis ______ 
     Myotis albescens
     
     
134. Riparian Myotis ______
     Myotis riparius
     
     
135. Hairy legged Myotis ______
     Myotis keaysi
     
     
136. Montane Myotis ______
     Myotis oxyotus
     
     
137. Southwestern Myotis ______ (In Central America, south of Mexico, known in Guatemala from 1 specimen.)
     Myotis auriculus
     
     
138. Eastern Pipistrelle ______ (In Central America, in north-central Guatemala & northern Honduras)
     Pipistrellus subflavus
     
     
139. Big Brown Bat ______
     Eptesicus fuscus
     
     
140. Andean Brown Bat ______
     Eptesicus brasiliensis
     
     
141. Argentine Brown Bat ______
     Eptesicus furinalis
     
     
142. Central American Yellow Bat ______
     Rhogeessa tumida
     
     
143. Van Gelder's Bat ______ (in northern Guatemala, Belize, & northern Honduras)
     Bauerus dubiaquercus
     
     
144. Western Red Bat ______
     Lasiurus blossevillii
     
     
145. Tacarcuna Bat ______ (Rare; known from very few specimens in evergreen forest in Costa Rica & Panama.)
     Lasiurus castaneus
     
     
146. Hoary Bat ______ (Rare winter visitor in Central America, from North America.)
     Lasiurus cinereus
     
     
147. Big Red Bat ______ (Rare; known from 3 specimens, 1 of them taken in Panama, the other 2 in South America)
     Lasiurus egregius
     
     
148. Northern Yellow Bat ______ 
     Lasiurus intermedius
     
     
149. Southern Yellow Bat ______
     Lasiurus ega      
     
     
     FREE-TAILED BATS (in the Family Molossidae)
     
     
150. Greenhall's Dog-faced Bat ______
     Molossops greenhalli
     
     
151. Southern Dog-faced Bat ______ (Primarily South American; in Central America, in central & eastern Panama.)
     Molossops planirostris 
     
     
152. Mexican (or Brazilian) Free-tailed Bat ______ (*) GU  (locally in dry open areas & forests)
     Tadarida brasiliensis
     
     
153. Broad-eared Bat ______ 
     Nyctinomops laticaudatus
     
     
154. Black Bonneted Bat ______
     Eumpos auripendulus
     
     
155. Underwood's Bonneted Bat ______
     Eumops underwoodi
     
     
156. Wagner's Bonneted Bat ______
     Eumops glaucinus
     
     
157. Sanborn's Bonneted Bat ______
     Eumops hansae
     
     
158. Dwarf Bonneted Bat ______
     Eumops bonariensis
     
     
159. Big-crested Mastiff Bat ______
     Promops centralis 
     
     
160. Black Mastiff Bat ______
     Molossus ater
     
     
161. Miller's Mastiff Bat ______
     Molossus prestiosus
     
     
162. Sinaloan Mastiff Bat ______
     Molossus sinaloae
     
     
163. Bonda Mastiff Bat ______
     Molossus bondae
     
     
164. Little Mastiff Bat ______
     Molossus molossus 
     

          THE CEBIDS, or NEW WORLD MONKEYS (in the Order of Primates,
          in the Family Atelidae):

168. Central American Spider Monkey (t2) & (t3)  ______ (*) CR(N,S),GU,PN
     Ateles geoffroyi
     (2 subspecies considered endangered, the other subspecies vulnerable)
     Subspecies:
     Ateles g. yucatanensis: GU (at Tikal, 2 other subspecies occur in Guatemala)
     Ateles g. ornatus: CR(N)
     Ateles g. panamensis: CR(S) & PN (on Barro Colorado Island)
     
        
169. Brown-headed Spider Monkey ______ (In Central America, in eastern Panama) 
     Ateles fusciceps
     
     
170. Central American (or Red-backed) Squirrel Monkey (t1) ______ (*) CR(S)
     Saimiri oerstedii
     (2 subspecies: the northern S. o. citrinellus paler than S. o. oerstedii - the latter pictured below)
     
     
     
     
     

171. Western Night Monkey (also called Owl Monkey) ______ (In Central America, in Panama; several unconfirmed reports from Costa Rica.) 
     Aotus lemurinus 
     
     
     TAMARINS & MARMOSETS (in the Family Callitrichidae)
      
172. Geoffrey's (or Red-naped) Tamarin ______ (*) PN
     Saguinus geoffroyi
     
     
     RODENTS: the gnawing mammals (in the Order Rodentia, which is the largest order of mammals with nearly 2,000 species worldwide).
     Families include:
     Squirrels: Sciuridae
     Mice & Rats: Muridae
     New World Porcupines: Erethizontidae 
     
     SQUIRRELS (in the Family Sciuridae) 
     
     
173. Mexican Gray Squirrel (has been called Red-bellied Squirrel) ______ (*) GU
     Sciurus a. aureogaster (2 other subspecies occur in Mexico, 1 of which may be all-black)
     
     
174. Red-tailed Squirrel ______ (*) CR(N,S),PN
     Sciurus (formerly guerlinguetus) granatensis
     
     
175. Variegated Squirrel ______ (*) CR(N,S),GU,HN,PN
     Sciurus variegatoides
     (14 named subspecies are recognized, including those below)
     S. v. goldmani: GU
     S. v. variegatoides: HN
     S. v. dorsalis: CR (nw)
     S. v. rigidus: CR
     S. v. helveous: PN
     
      
176. Yucatan Squirrel ______ (*) GU
     Sciurus yucatanensis
     
     
177. Deppe's Squirrel (t3) ______ (*) GU
     Sciurus deppei
     
     
178. Richmond's Squirrel ______ (endemic to Nicaragua)
     Sciurus (formerly Guerlinguetus) richmondi
     
     
179. Central American Dwarf Squirrel (or Alfari's Pygmy Squirrel) ______ (*) CR(N)
     Microsciurus alfari
     
     
180. Western Pygmy Squirrel ______ (In Central America, in Panama)
     Microsciurus mimulus 
     
     
181. Montane Squirrel ______ (in the highlands of Costa Rica & western Panama)
     Sciurus (formerly Syntheosciurus) brochus
     
     
182. Southern Flying Squirrel ______
     Glaucomys volans
     
     
     POCKET GOPHERS (in the Family Geomyidae)
     
     
183. Large Pocket Gopher ______
     Orthogeomys grandis
     
     
184. Hispid Pocket Gopher ______
     Orthogeomys hispidus
     
     
185. Variable Pocket Gopher ______
     Orthogeomys heterodus
     
     
186. Cherrie's Pocket Gopher ______
     Orthogeomys cherriei
     
     
187. Underwood's Pocket Gopher ______
     Orthogeomys underwoodi
     
     
188. Nicaraguan Pocket Gopher ______
     Orthogeomys matagalpae
     
     
189. Chiriqui Pocket Gopher ______ (in southern Costa Rica & western Panama)
     Orthogeomys cavator
     
     
190. Darien Pocket Gopher ______ (In Central America, in eastern Panama)
     Orthogeomys dariensis
     
     
     KANGAROO RATS & POCKET MICE (in the Family Heteromyidae)
     
     
191. Salvin's Spiny Pocket Mouse ______
     Liomys salvini
     
     
192. Panamanian Spiny Pocket Mouse ______ (Endemic to Panama; only in the lowlands on the Pacific side of the central & western part of the country.)  
     Liomys adspersus
     
     
193. Gaumer's Spiny Pocket Mouse ______ (On the Yucatan Peninsula only; in Mexico, far-northern Guatemala, & Belize.)
     Heteromys gaumeri
     
     
194. Forest Spiny Pocket Mouse ______ (*) CR(S)
     Heteromys desmarestianus
     
     
195. Goldman's Spiny Pocket Mouse ______ (in far-western Guatemala)
     Heteromys goldmani
     
     
196. Southern Spiny Pocket Mouse ______ (In Central America, in far-eastern Panama)
     Heteromys australis
     
     
197. Mountain Spiny Pocket Mouse ______ (Endemic to Costa Rica; only in the Talamanca Mountains, from 1800 to 2600 meters above sea level.)
     Heteromys oresterus
     
     
     RATS & MICE (in the Family Muridae)
     
     NEW WORLD RATS & MICE (in the Subfamily Sigmodontinae)
     
     
198. Coue's Rice Rat ______ (*) GU
     Oryzomys couesi
     
     
199. Talamancan Rice Rat ______
     Oryzomys talamancae
     
     
200. Rusty Rice Rat ______
     Oryzomys rostratus
     
     
201. Alfaro's Rice Rat ______
     Oryzomys alfaroi
     
     
202. Long-whiskered Rice Rat ______
     Oryzomys bolivaris
     
     
203. Montane Rice Rat ______
     Oryzomys albigularis
     
     
204. Cana Rice Rat ______
     Oryzomys alfari
     
     
205. Long-tailed Rice Rat ______
     Oryzomys aphrastus
     
     
206. Dusky Rice Rat ______
     Melanomys caliginosus
     
     
207. Big Arboreal Rice Rat ______ (*) PN
     Oecomys (has been part of Oryzomys) trinitatis
     
     
208. Bicolored Arboreal Rice Rat ______ (In Central America, in central & eastern Panama)
     Oecomys (has been part of Oryzomys) bicolor
     
     
209. Sprightly Pygmy Rice Rat ______
     Oligoryzomys vegetus
     
     
210. Northern Pygmy Rice Rat ______ (*) CR(N)
     Oligoryzomys fulvescens
     
     
211. Painted Bristly Mouse ______ (in Darien, eastern Panama; rare & local)
     Neacomys pictus
     
     
212. Mount Pirri Climbing Mouse ______ (in Darien, eastern Panama; rare; known from very few specimens, all caught in evergreen forest, 1400 to 1500 meters above sea level.)
     Rhipidomys scandens
     
     
213. Common Cane Rat ______
     Zygodontomys brevicauda
     
     
214. Hispid Cotton Rat ______ (*) GU,CR(N)
     Sigmodon hispidus
     
     
215. Northern Crab-eating Rat ______
     Ichthyomys tweedii
     
     
216. Goldman's Water Mouse ______
     Rheomys raptor
     
     
217. Thomas' Water Mouse ______
     Rheomys thomasi
     
     
218. Underwood's Water Mouse ______
     Rheomys underwoodi  
     
     
219. Northern Climbing Rat ______
     Tylomys nudicaudus
     
     
220. Watson's Climbing Rat ______
     Tylomys watsoni
     
     
221. Big-eared Climbing Rat ______
     Ototylomys phyllotis
     
     
222. Vesper Rat ______
     Nyctomys sumichrasti
     
     
223. Mexican Wood Rat ______
     Neotoma mexicana
     
     
224. Nicaraguan Wood Rat ______
     Neotoma chrysomelas
     
     
225. Southern Pygmy Mouse ______
     Baiomys musculus
     
     
226. Alston's Singing Mouse ______
     Scotinomys teguina
     
     
227. Chiriqui Singing Mouse ______
     Scotinomys xerampelinus
     
     
228. Sumichrast's Harvest Mouse ______
     Reithrodontomys sumichrasti
     
     
229. Fulvous Harvest Mouse ______
     Reithrodontomys fulvescens
     
     
230. Slender Harvest Mouse ______
     Reithrodontomys gracilis
     
     
231. Darien Harvest Mouse ______ 
     Reithrodontomys darienensis 
     
     
232. Mexican Harvest Mouse ______ (*) CR(S)
     Reithrodontomys mexicanus
     
     
233. Short-nosed Harvest Mouse ______
     Reithrodontomys brevirostris
     
     
234. Nicaraguan Harvest Mouse ______
     Reithrodontomys paradoxus
     
     
235. Small-toothed Harvest Mouse ______ 
     Reithrodontomys microdon
     
     
236. Narrow-nosed Harvest Mouse ______
     Reithrodontomys tenuirostris
     
     
237. Rodriguez's Harvest Mouse ______
     Reithrodontomys rodriguezi
     
     
238. Chiriqui Harvest Mouse ______
     Reithrodontomys creper
     
     
239. Yellow Deer Mouse ______
     Isthmomys flavidus
     
     
240. Mount Pirri Deer Mouse ______ (In Central America, only in far-eastern Panama)
     Isthmomys pirrensis
     
     
241. Crested-tailed Deer Mouse ______
     Habromys lophurus
     
     
242. Aztec Mouse ______
     Peromyscus aztecus
     
     
243. Southern Brush Mouse ______
     Peromyscus levipes
     
     
244. Mexican Deer Mouse ______
     Peromyscus mexicanus
     
     
245. Naked-eared Deer Mouse ______
     Peromyscus gymnotis
     
     
246. Guatemalan Deer Mouse ______
     Peronyscus guatemalensis
     
     
247. Giant Deer Mouse ______
     Peronyscus grandis
     
     
248. Stirton's Deer Mouse ______
     Peronyscus stirtoni
     
     
249. Maya Mouse ______ (This locally common, but highly threatened, mouse is only in western Guatemala.)
     Peronyscus mayensis 
     
     
     VOLES (in the Subfamily Arvicolinae)
     
     
250. Guatemalan Vole ______ (*) GU
     Microtus (formerly Herpetomys) guatemalensis  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
     OLD WORLD RATS & MICE (in the Subfamily Murinae) 
     
     
251. House Rat (i) ______ (*) PN  (other names include Black Rat & Roof Rat) (originally from India, introduced worldwide) 
     Rattus rattus
     
     
252. Brown Rat (i) ______ (also called Norway Rat) (originally from southeast Siberia & northern China, introduced worldwide) (less widespread than Rattus rattus in Central America)
     Rattus norvegicus
     
     
253. Western House Mouse (i) ______ (commensal with humans in Europe, north Africa, & the Middle East; introduced in North & South America, subsaharan Africa, north Australia, & oceanic islands)   
     Mus domesticus  (formerly conspecific with Mus musculus, now the Eastern House Mouse)
     
     
     NEW WORLD PORCUPINES (in the Family Erethizontidae)
     (More closely related to cavy-like rodents (such as the Agouti and Paca) than to the Old World Porcupines) 
     
     
254. Mexican Hairy Dwarf Porcupine ______ (*) CR(N)
     Coendou (formerly Sphiggurus) mexicanus
     (a generally long-haired, prehensile-tailed Porcupine)
     
     
255. Rothschild's Porcupine ______ (In Central America, in Panama)
     Coendou rothschildi
     
     
     CAPYBARA (in the Family Hydrochaeridae)
     
     
256. Capybara ______ (*) PN (Primarily South American; in Central America, in central & eastern Panama)
     Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris  (the single member of its genus) 
     
     
     AGOUTIS & ACOUCHIS (in the Family Dasyproctidae)
     
     
257. Central American Agouti ______ (*) CR(N,S),GU,HN,PN
     Dasyprocta punctata
     
     
     PACAS (in the Family Agoutidae)
     
     
258. Paca ______
     Cuniculus (formerly Agouti) paca
     
     
     SPINY RATS & TREE RATS (in the Family Echimyidae)
     
     
259. Tomes' Spiny Rat ______ (*) CR(N)
     Proechimys semispinosus
     
     
260. Armored Rat ______
     Hoplomys gymnurus
     
     
261. Rufous Tree Rat ______
     Diplomys labilis
     
     
     RABBITS (in the Order Lagomorpha, Family Leporidae)
      
     
262. (Eastern) Cottontail Rabbit ______ (*) CR(N),HN
     Sylvilagus floridanus
     
     
263. Forest Rabbit  ______ (*) CR(N) (other names: Tropical Cottontail Rabbit or Brazilian Rabbit or Tapiti) 
     Sylvilagus (formerly Tapeti) brasilensis
     
     
264. Dice's (Mountain) Rabbit ______ (*) CR(S)  (formerly considered a subspecies of the Forest Rabbit)
     Sylvilagus (formerly Tapeti) dicei
      
     
     
     CARNIVORES, in the Order Carnivora, with Families including:
     Dogs & Foxes: Canidae 
     Cats: Felidae
     Raccoons & allies: Procyonidae
     Weasels, Skunks, & allies: Mustelidae
     
     DOGS & FOXES (in the Family Canidae) 
     
     
265. Gray Fox ______ (*) GU
     Urocyon cinereoargenteus
     
     
266. Coyote ______ (*) CR(N)
     Canis latrans
     
267. Bush Dog ______ (Primarily South American; in Central America, only in far-eastern Panama.) 
     peothos venaticus
     
     
     RACCOONS & ALLIES (in the Family Procyonidae)
     
268. Kinkajou (ti) ______ (*) CR(N,S),GU
     Potos flavus  (the single member of its genus)  (in photo below, taken during the FONT tour in Costa Rica in February 2006, by Rosemary Lloyd) 
     
     
     
     
269. Bushy-tailed Olingo ______
     Bassaricyon gabbii
     
     
270. Northern Raccoon ______ (*) CR(N),GU
     Procyon lotor
     
     
271. Crab-eating Raccoon ______ 
     Procyon cancrivorus
     
     
272. White-nosed Coati ______ (*) CR(N,S),GU,HN,PN
     Nasua narica
     
     
273. Cacomistle ______ (*) CR(S)
     Bassariscus sumichrasti
     
     
     WEASELS, SKUNKS, & ALLIES (in the Family Mustelidae) 
     
     
274. Long-tailed Weasel ______ (*) CR(N)
     Mustela frenata
     
     
275. Greater Grison ______
     Galictis vittata
     
     
276. Tayra ______ (*) CR(S),PN
     Eira barbara  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
277. Neotropical River Otter ______ (*) CR(N,S),GU,HN
     Lutra (formerly Lontra) longicaudis
     
     
278. Hooded Skunk ______
     Mephitis macroura
     
     
279. Eastern Spotted Skunk ______
     Spilogale putorius
     
     
280. Western Hog-nosed Skunk ______ 
     Conepatus mesoleucus 
     
     
281. Striped Hog-nosed Skunk ______ (*) CR(N,S),GU
     Conepatus semistriatus
     
     
     CATS (in the Family Felidae)
     
     
282. Ocelot (t2) ______ (*) GU
     Leopardus pardalis
     
     
283. Margay (t2) ______ (*) CR(S)
     Leopardus wiedii
     
     
284. Oncilla ______
     Leopardus tigrinus
     
     
285. Jaguarundi ______  (*) GU
     Herpailurus yauarondi
     
     
286. Puma ______ (also called Cougar, or Mountain Lion) 
     Puma concolor
     
     
287. Jaguar ______
     Panthera onca
     
     
     MANATEES (in the Order Sirenia, in the Family Trichechidae)
     
     
288. West Indian Manatee (t1) ______  (rare & local along the Central American Caribbean coast)
     Trichechus manatus  
     
     
     ODD-TOED UNGULATES (in the Order Perissodactyla; the tapirs in Family Tapiridae)
     
      
289. Baird's Tapir (t1) ______ (*) CR(S)
     Tapirus bairdii
     
     
     EVEN-TOED UNGULATES (in the Order Artiodactyla, with Peccaries in the Family Tayassuidae and Deer in the Family Cervidae) 
     
     
290. Collared Peccary ______ (*) CR(N)
     Tayassu tajacu
     
     
291. White-lipped Peccary ______ (*) CR(S)
     Dicotyles pecari
     
     
292. White-tailed Deer ______ (*) CR(N),GU,PN
     Odocoileus virginianus
     (On Barro Colorado Island, Panama, there's a small, reddish forest race, that could be confused with the Red Brocket.)
     
     
293. Red Brocket (Deer) ______ (*) CR(S)
     Mazama americana
     
     
     
     MARINE MAMMALS (in the Order Cetacea) 
     
     TOOTHED WHALES (in the Suborder Odontoceti)
     
     OCEAN DOLPHINS (in the Family Delphinidae)
       
     
294. Rough-toothed Dolphin (t3) ______ 
     Steno bredanensis
     (off Central America, in the Pacific, offshore, including Cocos Island waters)  
     
     
295. Tucuxi (t3) ______
     Satalia fluviatilis
     (along the Central American Caribbean coast, from Cahuita, Costa Rica, south)
     
      
296. Pacific Spotted Dolphin ______
     Stenella atrenuata
     (off the Central American Pacific coast, where frequently seen) 
     
     
297. Atlantic Spotted Dolphin (t3) ______
     Stenella frontalis
     (off the Central American Caribbean coast) 
     
     
298. Long-snouted Spinner Dolphin ______ (*) CR(S)
     Stenella longirostris centroamericana
     (off the Central American Pacific coast, & further offshore including Cocos Island waters)
     
     
299. Clymene Dolphin (also called Short-snouted Spinner Dolphin) (t3) ______
     Stenella clymene
     (off Central America, in the Caribbean)
     
     
300. Striped (or Blue-white) Dolphin ______
     Stenella coeruleoalba
     (off Central America, in the Pacific, offshore, including Cocos Island waters) 
     
     
301. Common Dolphin ______
     Delphinus delphis
     (in Central America, off the Pacific coast; one of the most gregarious and abundant of the world's cetaceans) 
     
     
302. Bottlenose Dolphin ______ (*) CR(N)
     Tursiops truncatus
     (off & along the Central American Pacific & Caribbean coasts)
     
     
303. Fraser's Dolphin (t2) ______
     Lagenodelphis hosei
     (off the Central American Pacific coast, & further offshore, including waters near Cocos Island; does occur in the Lesser Antilles & the Gulf of Mexico) 
     
     
304. Risso's Dolphin (also called Gray Grampus) (t3) ______
     Grampus griseus
     (off Central America, in the Pacific)
     
     
305. Melon-headed Whale (t3) ______
     Peponocephala electra
     (off Central America, in the Pacific)  
     
     
306. Pygmy Killer Whale (t3) ______
     Feresa attenuata
     (in the Pacific, off the Central American coast)
     
     
307. False Killer Whale (t3) ______
     Pseudorca crassidens
     (in the Pacific, off the Central American coast, & in Cocos Island waters)
     
     
308. Killer Whale (or Orca) (t3) ______
     Orcinus orca
     (off the Central American Pacific & Caribbean coasts) 
     
     
309. Short-finned Pilot Whale (t3) ______
     Globicephala Macrorhynchus
     (off the Central American Pacific coast, & further offshore including Cocos Island waters)
     
     
     SPERM WHALE (a single species in the Family Physeteridae) 
     
     
310. Great Sperm Whale (t2) ______
     Physeter catodon
     (off the Central American coasts, in the Pacific and the Caribbean)
     
     
     PYGMY SPERM WHALES (now in the Family Kogiidae)
     
     
311. Pygmy Sperm Whale (t3) ______
     Kogia brevicops
     (off Central America, in the Pacific)
     
     
312. Dwarf Sperm Whale (t3) ______
     Kogia simus
     (off Central America, in the Pacific; & has been recorded about 150 miles south of Cocos Island) 
     
     
     BEAKED WHALES (in the Family Hyperoodontidae)
     
     
313. Cuvier's Beaked Whale (t3) ______
     Ziphius cavirostris
     (off the Pacific coast of Central America)
     
     
314. Blainville's Beaked Whale (t3) ______
     Mesoplodon densirostris
     (on occasion, in the Pacific off Central America; has been recorded about 50 miles southeast of Cocos Island)
     
     
315. Gray's Beaked Whale (t3) ______
     Mesoplodon grayi
     (in the Pacific, well offshore; has been recorded over a hundred miles southwest of Cocos Island)
     
     
316. Southern Bottlenose Whale (t2) ______
     Hyperoodon planifrons
     (off Central America, in the Pacific, including Cocos Island waters)  
     
     
     
     RORUALS (in the Family Balaenopteridae)
     
     
317. Blue Whale (t1) ______
     Balaenoptera musculus
     (in the Pacific, generally more than 200 miles off Central American coast; reported in Cocos Island waters)
     
     
318. Fin Whale (t2) ______
     Balaenoptera physalus
     (off Central America, in the Caribbean, offshore)
     
     
319. Sei Whale (t2) ______
     Balaenoptera borealis 
     (off Central America, in the Pacific, well offshore; recorded north of Cocos Island)
     
     
320. Bryde's Whale (t1) ______
     Balaenoptera brydei (formerly edeni)
     (off Central America, in the Pacific, offshore; recorded in Cocos Island waters)
     
     
321. Northern Minke Whale (t2) ______
     Balaenoptera acutorostrata (formerly conspecific with what's now the Antarctic Minke Whale, Balaenoptera bonaerensis)
     (off Central America, in the Caribbean, offshore; & may also occur in the Pacific off Central America)
     
     
322. Humpback Whale (t2) ______
     Megaptera novaeangliae
     (in the Pacific, off Central America, mainly from July to December)   
            
     
     

1. Manta Ray (a) ______ CR(S) (P)
   Manta hamiltoni
   
   
   REPTILES:
   
   
   Family CHELONIIDAE (Hard-shelled Sea Turtles): 6 species worldwide 
   
   
2. Atlantic Green (Sea) Turtle (t3) ______ BZ, CR (A), HN, PN
   Chelonia mydas mydas
   Pacific Green (Sea) Turtle (t3) ______ CR (P), PN
   Chelonia mydas agassizii 
   
   
3. Loggerhead Sea Turtle (t2) ______ BZ, CR, HN, PN
   Caretta caretta
   
   
4. Hawksbill Sea Turtle (t1) ______ BZ, CR (A,P), HN, PN
   Eretmochelys imbricata 
   
   
5. Olive Ridley Sea Turtle (t2) ______ (*:a,b) CR(N,S) (A,P), PN
   Lepidochelys olivacea
   
   
   Family DERMOCHELYIDAE (Leatherback Turtle): a single species
   
    
6. Leatherback Sea Turtle (t2) ______ (*:b) BZ, CR(N) (P), HN, PN
   Dermochelys coriacea
   
   
   
   Family EMYDIDAE (Pond Turtles)
   
   
7. Brown Wood Turtle ______ CR
   Rhinoclemmys annulata
   (range: from Belize & eastern Honduras south to Panama and Colombia & Ecuador)    
   
   
8. Black Wood Turtle ______ CR (A), (*) PN
   Rhinoclemmys funerea
   (range: Caribbean lowlands of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, & Panama into the Canal basin)
   
   
9. Painted Wood Turtle ______ CR(N) (In CR, only in dry nw lowlands)
   Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima
   
   
10. Common Slider ______ (*) CR(N)
    Trachemys scripta
    
    
    
    Family KINOSTERNIDAE  (Mud & Musk Turtles)
    
    
11. White-lipped Mud Turtle ______ CR
    Kinosternon leucostomum
    
    
12. Red-cheeked Mud Turtle ______ CR
    Kinosternon scorpioides
    
    
13. Narrow-bridged Mud Turtle (t3) ______ CR
    Kinosternon angustipons 
    
    
14. Narrowbridge Musk Turtle ______ BZ, GU
    Claudius angustatus  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
15. Mexican Giant Musk Turtle ______  BZ, GU
    Staurotypus triporcatus
    
    
    
    Family DERMATEMYDIDAE: a single living species & genus; 2 extinct genera. Apparently closely related to KINOSTERNIDAE, the Mud & Musk Turtles. 
    
    
16. Central American River Turtle ______ (*) GU
    Dermatemys mawii  (the single member of its genus) 
    
    
    Family CHELYDRIDAE (Snapping Turtle): 2 species only in the Americas
    
     
17. Common Snapping Turtle ______ CR, GU, PN
    Chelydra serpentina
    
    
    Family CROCODYLIDAE (Crocodile Family): 14 species worldwide 
    
    
18. Morelet's Crocodile (t3) ______ (*) CR(N) (A,P), (*) GU, PN
    Crocodylus acutus
    
    
    Family ALLIGATORIDAE (Alligator Family)
    
    
19. Spectacled Caiman ______ (*) CR(N,S) (A,P), (*) PN
    Caiman crocodilus
    
    
    Suborder LACERTILIA (Lizards)
    
    Family EUBLEPHARIDAE (Banded Geckos)
    
    
20. Central American/Tropical Banded Gecko ______ CR (NP), PN
    Coleonyx mitratus
    
    
    Family GEKKONIDAE (Geckos)
    
    
21. Yellow-headed Gecko ______ CR (NP), PN
    Gonatodes albigularis
    
    
22. House Gecko (i) ______ CR (A,SP), PN
    Hemidactylus frenatus
    
    
23. Hemidactylus garnotii (a native Costa Rican species virtually indistinguishable from the House Gecko)
    
    
24. Litter Gecko ______ CR
    Lepidoblepharis xanthostigma
    
    
25. Spotted Dwarf Gecko ______ CR 
    Sphaerodactylus millepunctatus
    
    
26. Turnip-tailed (or Mottled) Gecko ______ CR (A,SP)
    Thecadactylus rapicaudus
    
    
    Family CORYTOPHANIDAE (Casque-headed Iguanas): Formerly included in the large and diverse family Iguanidae; in 1989 this group elevated to family status. The Basilisks are commonly referred to "Jesus Christ Lizards" as they can run atop water. The following is an explanation of that behavior:
    
    
    A narrow seam of skin, which runs around each basilisk toe, forms a moveable flap that is expanded when its foot is pressed onto the water, thus creating a larger surface area. The force that the lizards put into the downward movement of their feet produces an upward pressure that by itself creates almost a quarter of the total force required to keep the lizard from sinking. When the running basilisk presses its foot down onto the water, an air-filled pocket is formed around the foot. This pocket quickly fills with water, so the lizard must rapidly withdraw it foot to prevent from having to "plow' through the water. As the foot retracts, the moveable skin-flaps on the toes fold down against the sides of the toes to reduce friction against the air. The combined pressure that is produced during a single downward and upward stroke of the foot can be enough to provide 111% of the support required to allow an adult basilisk to run on the water. Small juveniles, with a body weight of less than 2 grams (0.07 of an ounce), are capable of producing 225% of the upward pressure necessary for an animal of that weight. With the combination of speed and specially adapted toe fringes, these lizards can run considerable across the water surface.        
    In order for a 176 pound human to match a running basilisk's aquatic performance, he or she would have to run at almost 69 mph across the water and produce a muscle force 15 times greater than what an average person is capable of doing.   
    
    
27. Common Basilisk ______ (*) CR(N,S) (P), PN
    Basiliscus basiliscus
    
    
28. Emerald (or Green) Basilisk ______ (*) CR(N) (A), PN
    Basiliscus plumifrons
    
    
29. Striped Basilisk ______ CR
    Basiliscus vittatus
    
    
30. Helmeted Iguana (also called Elegant-headed Basilisk or Casque-headed Lizard) ______ CR (A,SP), PN
    Corytophanes cristatus
    
    
    Family IGUANIDAE (Iguanas)
    
    
31. Green Iguana ______ (*) CR(N,S) (A,P), PN
    Iguana iguana
    (A bright green when young, but changes to gray, brown, greenish-gray, or almost black as it grows older)
    
    
32. Black Spiny-tailed Iguana (also called Ctenosaur) ______ (*) CR(N) (P), PN
    Ctenosaura similis 
    
    
33. Five-keeled Spiny-tailed Iguana ______ CR (In CR, restricted to a few isolated areas in the Santa Rosa National Park in Guanacaste.)
    Ctenosaura quinquecarinata
    
    
    Family POLYCHROTIDAE (Anoles & allies)
    
    
34. Puerto Rican Crested Anole (i) ______ CR
    Ctenonotus cristatelllus
    
    
35. Giant Green Anole ______ CR
    Dactyloa frenata
    
    
36. Water Anole ______ CR
    Norops aquaticus
    
    
37. Green Tree Anole ______ CR
    Norops biporcatus
    
    
38. Pug-nosed Anole ______ CR
    Norops capito
    
    
39. Ground Anole ______ CR (A,P), PN
    Norops humilis 
    
    
40. Canopy Anole ______ CR
    Norops lemurinus
    
    
41. Slender Anole ______ CR
    Norops anole 
    
    
42. Stream Anole ______ CR
    Norops oxylophus
    
    
43. Golfo Dulce Anole ______ CR(S) (SP)
    Norops polylepis
    
    
44. Indigo-throated Anole ______ CR
    Norops sericeus 
    
    
45. Cloud Forest Anole ______ CR (H)
    Norops tropidolepis
    
    
46. Dry Forest Anole ______ CR
    Norops cupreus
    
    
47. Blue-eyed Anole ______ CR (P)
    Norops woodi
    
    
48. Canopy Lizard ______ CR
    Polychrus gutturosus
    
    
    Family PHRYNOSOMATIDAE (Spiny Lizards & allies)
    
    
49. Green Spiny Lizard ______ CR (H), PN
    Sceloporus malachiticus
    
    
50. Rose-bellied Spiny-Lizard ______ CR (NP)
    Sceloporus variabilis
    (range: Texas to nw Costa Rica)
    
    
    Family SCINCIDAE (Skinks)
    
    
51. Bronze-backed Climbing Skink ______ CR, PN
    Mabuya unimarginata
    
    
52. Litter Skink ______ CR
    Sphenomorphus cherriei
    
    
    Family GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE (Microteiid Lizards)
    
    
53. Bromeliad Lizard ______ CR
    Anadia ocellata
    
    
54. Golden Spectacled Lizard ______ CR
    Gymnophthalmus speciosus
    
    
55. Water Tegu ______ CR
    Neusticurus apodemus
    
    
56. Keeled Leaf-litter Lizard ______ CR
    Ptychoglossus plicatus
    
    
    Family TEIIDAE (Whip-tailed Lizards)
    
    
57. Central America Whip-tailed Lizard ______ (*) CR(N) (A,SP), PN
    Ameiva festiva
    
    
58. Four-lined Whip-tailed Lizard ______ CR
    Ameiva quadrilineata
    
    
59. Barred Whip-tailed Lizard ______ CR (NP)
    Ameiva undulata
    
    
60. Deppe's (or Seven-striped) Whip-tailed Lizard ______ CR (NP)
    Cnemidophorus deppii
    
    
    Family XANTUSIDAE (Night Lizards)
    
    
61. Yellow-spotted/Tropical Night Lizard ______ CR
    Lepidophyma flavimaculatum
    
    
    Family ANGUIDAE (Anguid Lizards)
    
    
62. Rainforest Celestus ______ CR
    Celestus hylaius
    
    
63. Talamanca Galliwasp ______ CR
    Diploglossus bilobatus
    
    
64. Galliwasp ______ CR, PN
    Diploglossus monotropis
    
    
65. Highland Alligator Lizard ______ CR
    Mesaspis monticola 
    
    
    Suborder SERPENTES (Snakes)
    
    Family ANOMALEPIDIDAE (Neotropical Blindsnakes)
    
    
66. Neotropical Slender Blindsnake ______ CR
    Leptotyphlops goudotii
    
    
    Family TYPHLOPIDAE (True Blindsnakes)
    
    
67. Costa Rican Blindsnake ______ CR
    Typhlops costaricensis 
    
    
    Family LOXOCEMIDAE (Neotropical Sunbeam Snakes)
    
    
68. Neotropical Sunbeam Snake ______ CR
    Loxocemus bicolor
    
    
    Family BOIDAE (Boa Family, the Boids)
    
    
69. Boa Constrictor ______ (*) CR(N,S), PN
    Boa constrictor
    
    
70. Annulated Tree Boa ______ CR
    Corallus annulatus
    
    
71. Common Tree Boa ______ CR
    Corallus ruschenbergerii
    
    
    Family COLUBRIDAE (Colubrid Snakes)
    
    
72. Ridge-nosed Snake ______ CR
    Amastridium veliferum
    
    
73. Mussurana ______ CR, PN
    Clelia clelia
    
    
74. Roadguarder ______ CR
    Conophis lineatus
    
    
75. Barred Forest Racer ______ CR
    Dendrophidion vinitor
    
    
76. Speckled Racer ______ CR
    Drymobius margaritiferus
    
    
77. Green Frog-eater ______ CR
    Drymobius melanotropis
    
    
78. False Coral Snake ______ CR, PN
    Erythrolamprus mimus 
    
    
79. Gray Earth Snake ______ CR
    Geophis brachycephalus
    
    
80. Brown Blunt-headed Vine Snake ______ CR, PN
    Imantodes cenchoa
    
    
81. Yellow Blunt-headed Vine Snake ______ CR
    Imantodes inornatus
    
    
82. Tropical King Snake ______ CR, PN
    Lampropeltis triangulum
    
    
83. Black-and-white Cat-eyed Snake ______ CR
    Leptodeira nigrofasciata
    
    
84. Black-and-red Cat-eyed Snake ______ CR
    Leptodeira rubricata
    
    
85. Northern Cat-eyed Snake ______ CR, PN
    Leptodeira septentrionalis
    
    
86. (Satiny) Parrot Snake ______ CR, PN
    Leptophis depressirostris
    
    
87. Mexican Parrot Snake ______ CR
    Leptodeira mexicanus
    
    
88. Bronze-backed Parrot Snake ______ CR (In CR, in Caribbean lowlands, and at low elevations in sw Costa Rica; very similar to the Mexican Parrot Snake)
    Leptodeira nebulosus
    
    
89. Fire-bellied Snake ______ CR
    Liophis epinephelus
    
    
90. Spotted Wood Snake ______ CR
    Ninia maculata
    
    
91. Brown Vine Snake ______ (*) CR(S), PN
    Oxybelis aeneus
    
    
92. Short-nosed Vine Snake ______ CR
    Oxybelis brevirostris
    
    
93. Green Vine Snake ______ CR, (*) PN
    Oxybelis fulgidus
    
    
94. Bird-eating Snake (or Neotropical Bird Snake) ______ CR, PN
    Pseustes poecilonotus
    
    
95. Green Litter Snake ______ CR
    Rhadinacea calligaster
    
    
96. Red (or Pink)-bellied Litter Snake ______ CR, PN
    Rhadinaea decorata
    
    
97. Shovel-toothed Snake ______ CR
    Scaphiodontophia annulatus
    
    
98. Neotropical Rat Snake ______ CR
    Senticolis triaspis
    
    
99. Lichen-colored Snaileater ______ CR
    Sibon longifrenis
    
    
100. Ringed Snaileater ______ PN
     Sibon annulata
     
     
101. Tiger Rat Snake ______ CR, PN
     Spilotes pullatus
     
     
102. Scorpion-eater ______ PN
     Stenorrhina freminvillei
     
     
103. Degenhardt's Scorpion-eater ______ CR
     Stenorrhina degenhardtii
     
     
104. Reticulated Centipede Snake ______ CR
     Tantilla reticulata
     
     
105. False Fer-de-lance ______ CR, PN
     Xenodon rabdocephalus
     
     
     Family ELAPIDAE (Coral Snakes) (VENOMOUS)
     
     
106. Allen's Coral Snake ______ CR, PN
     Micrurus alleni
     
     
107. Bicolored (or Red-tailed) Coral Snake ______ CR, PN
     Micrurus multifasciatus
     
     
108. Central American Coral Snake ______ CR, PN
     Micrurus nigrocinctus
     
     
109. Clark's Coral Snake ______ PN
     Micrurus clarki
     
     
     Subfamily HYDROPHIINAE (Sea Snakes) (VENOMOUS)     
     
     
110. Yellow-bellied/Pelagic Sea Snake ______ CR, PN
     Pelamis platurus
     
     
     Family VIPERIDAE (Viper Family) (VENOMOUS)
     
     
111. Cantil ______ CR
     Agkistrodon bilineatus
     
     
112. Jumping Pit Viper ______ CR, PN
     Atropoides nummifer
     
     
113. (Side-)Striped Palm Pitviper ______ CR, PN
     Bothriechis lateralis
     
     
114. Eyelash Pitviper ______ CR, PN
     Bothriechis schlegelii
     
     
115. Black-speckled Palm Pitviper ______ PN
     Bothriechis nigroviridis
     
     
116. Fer-de-lance ______ CR, (*) PN
     Bothrops asper
     
     
117. Godman's Montane Pit-Viper ______ CR, PN
     Cerrophidion godmani
     
     
118. Tropical Rattlesnake ______ CR
     Crotalus durissus
     
     
119. Central American Bushmaster ______ CR, PN
     Lachesis stenophrys
     
     
120. (Rainforest) Hog-nosed Pitviper ______ CR, PN
     Porthidium nasutum
     
     
121. Slender Hog-nosed Pitviper ______ PN
     Porthidium ophryomegas
     
     
      
     
     
     
122. lizards ______ HN
123. fresh-water turtles ______ GU
124. colorful "upland" crabs ______ CR(S)
125. various "beach" crabs, including Hermit, Ghost, & Sally light-foots ______ CR(S)
126. various other crabs ______ CR(N)
     
127. Poison Dart Frogs (red ; green & black) ______ CR(N)
128. tree frogs (sp.) ______ CR(S)
129. various other toads and frogs ______ CR(N,S) (including a bufus toad on a tree-limb disrupting hummingbirds, manakins, and trogons (in S CR))
130. snake (salmon-colored) ______ CR(S)
     
131. Leaf-cutter and other rainforest ants ______ 16CR(N,S),GU,PN
132. Dung Beetles CR(N)
133. Jellyfish (in mangrove area) CR(N)
134. small marine creatures of coastal tidal pools ______ CR(S)