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E-mail: font@focusonnature.com
Phone: Toll-free in USA 1-888-721-3555
 or 302/529-1876

 

Part 5 of a List
with some Photos
of

South America
Butterflies
and Moths


Noting those during
Focus On Nature Tours
in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela

Fifth Part of a List of South America Butterflies in 6 Parts, 
compiled by Armas Hill

Here, in Part #5: Nymphalidae, the Clearwings and the Satyrs
Some of the butterflies in SATYRINAE, the Morphos and the Owl Butterflies, are in Part #4 of this list.
    

Among Butterfly groupings in this list below, links to:

Clearwings:  Subfamily ITHOMIINAE in the Family Nymphalidae   

with the genera: Aeria, Athesis, Athyrtis, Brevioleria, Callithomia, Dircenna, Elzunia, Episcada, Epityches,
Eutresis, Godyris, Greta, Heterosais, Hyalenna, Hyalyris, Hypoleria, Hypomenitis, Hyposcada, Hypothyris, Ithomia, 
Mcclungia, Mechanitas, Megoleria, Melinaea, Methona, Napeogenes, Oleria, Olyras, Pagyris, Patricia, Placidina,
Pseudoscada, Pteronymia, Scada, Thyridia, Tithorea, Veladyris, Velamysta

Subfamily SATYRINAE, Tribes METANITINI & HAETERINI     

with the genera: Cithaerias, Dulcedo, Haetera, Manataria, Pierella, Pseudohaetera

Satyrs, Wood-nymphs, Ringlets: Subfamily SATYRINAE, Tribe SATYRINI

with the genera: Altopedaliodes, Amphidecta, Apexacuta, Archeuptychia, Argyrophorus, Auca, Caeruleuptychia, Capronnieria, Cepheuptychia, Chloreuptychia, Cissia, Corades, Corderopedaliodes, Cosmosatyrus, Daedalma, Elina, Eretris, Erichthodes, Etcheverrius, Eteona, Euptychia, Euptychoides, Fanula, Forsterinaria, Godartiana, Harjesia, Haywardella, Hermeuptychia, Junea, Lasiophila, Lymanopodia, Magneuptychia, Manataria, Manerebia, Megeuptychia, Moneuptychia, Mygona, Nelia, Neomaenas, Neopedaliodes, Neosatyrus, Oressinoma. Oxeoschistus, Pampasatyrus, Panyapedaliodes, Parapedaliodes, Parataygetis, Pareuptychia, Paryphthimoides, Pedaliodes, Pharneuptychia, Pherepedaliodes, Pierella, Posttaygetis, Praepedaliodes, Proboscis, Pronophila, Pseudodebis, Pseudoeuptychia, Pseudomaniola, Punapedaliodes, Splendeuptychia, Steroma, Stermnia, Taygetina, Taygetis, Taygetomorpha, Tetrphlebia, Thiemela, Yphthimoides, Zischkaia    

Moth-butterflies, or Butterfly Moths:  Families HEDYLIDAE & CASTNIIDAE  with the genera: Castnia, Macrosoma 


Links to other South America Butterfly groupings in this list:

Part #1 - Swallowtails  (Papilionidae)     

Part #2 - Whites, Yellows, Sulphurs  (Pieridae)

Part #3 - Hairstreaks, Blues (Lycaenidae) & Metalmarks (Riodinidae)  

Part #4 - Brushfoots (Nymphalidae) other than Clearwings (Ithomiini) & most in Satyrinae

Part #6 - Skippers (Hesperiidae) 

Some Photos of Butterflies and Moths during FONT Tours in Ecuador 

 

In South America, the countries of Colombia, Peru, Brazil, and Ecuador each have a great number of butterfly species.
Ecuador has the greatest concentration of species per kilometer. In that country, there are said to be 2,726 species of butterflies.


Codes relating to illustrations in various books:

Numbers noted as (AZ:xx) refer to pages in "Butterflies of Arizona - A Photographic Guide", by Bob Stewart, Priscilla Brodkin, & Hank Brodkin (with fine photographs).

Numbers noted as (BB:xx) refer to pages in "Butterflies of Buenos Aires (Argentina)", by Gustavo Canals

Numbers noted as (C:xx) refer to pages in "A World of Butterflies", with text by Brian Cassie, and photographs (superb) by Kjell Sandved

Numbers noted as (D1:xx) refer to plates in "The Butterflies of Costa Rica and their Natural History (Volume 1): Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae", by Philip J. DeVries   

Numbers noted as (DV:xx) refer to pages in "Butterflies Of South America", by Bernard D'Abrera    

Numbers noted as (EBE:xx) refer to pages in "Ecuador's Butterfly Ecology", by Xavier Silva.

Numbers noted as (F:xx) refer to pages in "The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Butterflies", by Dr. John Feltwell  

Numbers noted as (K:xx) refer to pages in the "Kaufman Focus Guide to Butterflies of North America", by Jim Brock & Kenn Kaufman

Numbers noted as (MCA:xx) refer to pages in "A Swift Guide to the Butterflies of Mexico & Central America" by Jeffrey Glassberg

Numbers noted as (MM:xx) refer to pages in "Mariposas (Butterflies) of Missiones (Argentina)", by Gustavo Canals  

Numbers noted as (PE:xx) refer to plates in the "Peterson Field Guides to Eastern Butterflies", by Paul Opler & Vichai Malikul, 1998 edition. Those noted as (PEp:xx) refer to a page with a photograph.

Numbers noted as (PW:xx) refer to plates in the "Peterson Field Guide to Western Butterflies", by Paul Opler & illustrated by Amy Bartlett Wright, 1999 edition. Those noted as (PWp:xx) refer to a page with a photograph. 

Numbers noted as (RG:xx) refer to pages in "Butterflies of the Lower Rio Grande Valley" by Roland Wauer.

Numbers noted as (S:xx) refer to pages in the "Smithsonian Handbook, Butterflies & Moths", by David Carter.

Numbers noted as (WGC:xxx) refer to pages in "A Wildlife Guide to Chile", by Sharon Chester.


Country and Regional Codes:
AR: in Argentina
 ba:   province of Buenos Aires
 ne:   northeast Argentina, including Iguazu Falls  (ARne also on the Brazilian side at Iguazu Falls)
BR: in Brazil
 mg:  Mato Grosso, including the Panatanal and north to Alta Floresta / Rio Cristalino
 se:    southeast Brazil
CH: in Chile
EC: in Ecuador  am: Amazonian  nw: northwest EC
VE: in Venezuela

Butterflies observed during FONT tours noted by an (*) after the 2-letter country code. 

(ph): species with a photo in the FONT website


Other Links:
Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours in South America in:
Brazil   Ecuador   Uruguay   Venezuela     Argentina   Chile

Lists & Photo Galleries of BIRDS, including those during FONT Tours in South America

Lists & Photo Galleries of MAMMALS, relating to FONT Tours in South America

Lists of Photo Galleries of AMPHIBIANS & REPTILES, including those during FONT Tours in South America

Alphabetical Directory of Butterflies by Genus of those with Photos in the FONT Website

Directory of Photos in this Website  




 List of South American Butterflies, Part #5


          Family NYMPHALIDAE: BRUSHFOOTS

          Cosmopolitan, with subfamilies range from 8 to 25, depending upon taxonomic treatment.

          This is the most diverse family of butterflies, with approximately 6,000 known species worldwide. 
          Brushfoot butterflies appear 4 rather than 6-legged as their 2 front legs are much reduced.


          Subfamily ITHOMIINAE, Tribe ITHOMIINI

          This highly diverse group has been considered a separate family, or (now by most) as a subfamily of NYMPHALIDAE.

          Many of the butterflies in ITHOMIINI are transparent or translucid. 
          They can be toxic to predators, which generates mimicry, Batesian and Mullerian. 
          There are some notes pertaining to mimicry with some particular species below in the list.
          
          ITHOMIINI can expel pheromones that bring together males and females (and also other species) in the forest.
          They feed on flowers of Asteraceae and Boraginaceae, especially the males, to obtain substances for 
          pheromone production.
          Females can be saprophytic - for example, they feed on antbird (army ant followers) droppings.
          Many ITHOMIINI butterflies look very similar in the field, but with analysis of the hindwing venation, the genus 
          can be identified rather easily. 
          Most ITHOMIINI are found in tropical and cloud forests. Their host plants include those in Solanaceae.       
         
          Genus EUTRESIS:  2 or 3 species
   

  1. Eutresis hypereia ______  EC  (DV1:33)
    Eutresis hypereia hypereia ______  (DA:82)      subspecies in Venezuela
    CRISP TIGERWING
    (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and northern Brazil) 

    Eutresis hypereia is similar to the DANAID Ituna species.


    Genus ATHESIS

  2. Athesis acrisione  ______  EC
  3. Athesis vitrala  ______  EC

    Genus ATHYRTIS

  4. Athyrtis mechanitis  ______  EC

    Genus OLYRAS:      3 or so species found in Central and South America

  5. Olyras crathis  ______  EC  (DV1:33)
     CRATHIS TIGERWING
    (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador) 

  6. Olyras insignis  ______  EC  (DV1:33)
     INSIGNIS TIGERWING 
    (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador) 


    Genus TITHOREA: a Neotropical genus of about 15 species

  7. Tithorea tarricina  ______  EC  (DV1:34) (F:207)
     CREAM-SPOTTED TIGERWING      (another name is Variable Prestonian)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)  

  8. Tithorea harmonia  ______  AR  EC  (C:367) (DV1:34) (S:180)
     Tithorea harmonia hermias  ______  EC  (EBE:121)      subspecies in Ecuador 
    Tithorea harmonia irene  ______      subspecies in Panama and Columbia
    Tithorea harmonia pseudonyma  ______  ARne  (MM:397)      subspecies in northeast Argentina
    HARMONIA TIGERWING      (other names include Black-fronted Prestonian, Harmonius Tiger-Clearwing    , Tiger Butterfly, or the Tiger)
         AR common name: Armoniosa
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil) 

    Tithorea harmonia feeds on enriched surfaces.

  9. Tithorea pacifica  ______  EC  (species described in 2004)
    PACIFIC TIGERWING
    (Range: from eastern Panama to Ecuador) 

    Genus ELZUNIA



    A butterfly in the Elzunia genus photographed in northern South America
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
  10. Elzunia humboldt  (ph)  ______  EC


    Elzunia humboldt
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  11. Elzunia pavonii  ______  EC  (EBE:122)  either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador 

    Genus AERIA 
  12. Aeria eurimedia  ______  EC
    Aeria eurimedia agna  ______      subspecies from Panama to northwest Venezuela
    Aeria eurimedia eurimedia  ______  EC  (EBE:122)      subspecies in Ecuador
    BANDED TIGERWING
  13. Aeria olena  ______  ARne  BRse
    Aeria olena olena  ______   ARne  (MM:398)      subspecies in northeast Argentina   
         AR common name: Gracil  (referring to the butterfly's small size and graceful movements)

    Genus METHONA
  14. Methona confusa  ______  EC
    Methona confusa psamathe  ______  EC  (EBE:122,184)      subspecies in Ecuador 
  15. Methona curvifascia  ______  EC
  16. Methona grandior  ______  EC
    Methona grandior incana  ______  EC  (EBE:122,184)      subspecies in Ecuador
  17. Methona themisto  ______  ARba,ne  BRse  (BB:315) (MM:400)
     AR common name: Temisto      (referring to the scientific name)
    BR common name: Borboleta do Manaca

    Genus THYRIDIA:     4 species, 3 of which strongly resemble species in the genus  METHONA. 
    These species are separated from those in that genus by the presence of white marginal spots on both surfaces of the hindwing. In     METHONA they only occur on the underside. 
    THYRIDA species are generally larger than METHONA.  

  18. Thyridia aedesia aedesia ______  (DA:84)  subspecies from southern Panama to Brazil 
    (Range: Central America to northwestern Brazil, Amazonas)   

  19. Thyridia hippodamia cetoides ______  (DA:85)
    (Range: Peru, Brazil) 

     Thyridia hippodamia can be difficult to separate from Methonia species.

  20. Thyridia psidii  ______  AR  BR  EC  (DV1:34)  (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
    Thyridia psidii hippodamia  ______  BRse      subspecies in southeast Brazil
    Thyridia psidii pallida ______  ARne  (MM:401)      subspecies in northeast Argentina
    MELANTHO TIGERWING  (or Clapping Ticlear)
    AR common name: Palida      (translates to " Pale", referring to the scientific name of the subspecies) 
    (Range: Mexico to northern Argentina)  


     Genus PLACIDINA
  21. Placidina euryanassa  ______  ARne  BRse  (MM:402)
     AR common name: Espanola      ("Spanish", alluding to the pattern on the wings like the Spanish flag)
    BR common names: Espanhola or Grande Bandeira Espanhola

    Genus EPITYCHES
  22. Epityches eupompe  ______  ARne  BRse  (MM:403)
     AR common name: Filigrana  ("Watermark")   


    Genus FORBESTRA:      genus created in 1967

  23. Forbestra equicola  ______  EC
  24. Forbestra olivencia  ______  EC
  25. Forbestra proceris  ______  EC


    Genus MELINAEA:     More recently said to about 10 species; formerly about 20.

  26. Melinaea ethra  ______  BRse  (DV1:34)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil) 

  27. Melinaea idae  ______  EC
    Melinaea idae idae  ______      subspecies in Panama and Colombia
    IDAE TIGERWING

  28. Melinaea lilis messalis  ______  subspecies in Panama and Colombia
    MIMIC TIGERWING
  29. Melinaea scylax  ______  
    SCYLAX TIGERWING
         (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia, on the Pacific slope) 
  30. Melinaea marsaeus  ______  BR  EC
    Melinaea marsaeus messenina ______  BR  EC  (DA:83)      subspecies in Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil
    Melinaea marsaeus mothone ______  BR  EC  (DA:83)      subspecies in Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil; in these countries, the 2 subspecies, messenina and mothone, occur in widely differing river valley localities.  
    (Range: Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, in Amazonas) 

  31. Melinaea isocomma  ______  EC

  32. Melinaea ludovica  ______  BR  EC
     Melinaea ludovica paralya  ______  BRse      subspecies in southeast Brazil

  33. Melinaea menophilus  ______  EC

  34. Melinaea mnasias  ______  EC

  35. Melinaea satevis  ______  EC

    Genus MECHANITIS:  8 to 10 species of distinctively shaped ITHOMIIDS, some of which have extremely long wings and abdomens, making them look rather like dragonflies. 

  36. Mechanitis polymnia  ______  BR  EC  (C:369) (DV1:34) (S:180)  (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
    Mechanitis polymnia casabranca  ______  BRse      subspecies in southeast Brazil
    POLYMNIA TIGERWING      (another name has been Disturbed Tigerwing)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil) 

    Mechanitis polymnia frequents more disturbed habitats than most ITHOMIINE butterflies. It flies in bright sunlight, and is attracted to flowers. It is said to fly commonly along the streets of the cities and towns of Costa Rica.
  37. Mechanitis lysimnia  ______  AR  BR  EC  (DA:85) (DV1:34)
    Mechanitis lysimnia lysimnia  ______  ARba,ne  BR(*)  (BB:317) (MM:399)      subspecies in Argentina and Minas Gerais, Brazil 
    Mechanitis lysimnia macrinus  ______  subspecies in Panama and Colombia 
    LYSIMNIA TIGERWING      
    AR common name: Multicolor  ("Multicolored")
         (Range: Mexico to northern Argentina)  

  38. Mechanitis menapis  ______  EC  (DV1:34)
     Mechanitis menapis mantineus  ______  EC  (EBE:122)      subspecies in Ecuador
    Mechanitis menapis saturata ______  (DA:85)      subspecies in the Cauca Valley of Colombia - other races have quite different coloration and markings 
    MENAPIS TIGERWING  (another name has been Variable Tigerwing)
         (Range: Mexico to Ecuador; also Trinidad)
  39. Mechanitis mazaeus  ______  EC
    Mechanitis mazaeus messenoides  ______  EC  (EBE:122)      subspecies in Ecuador

  40. Mechanitis messenoides  ______  EC

    Genus PAGYRIS 
  41. Pagyris ulla  ______  EC  (DA:86)
    (Range: Colombia to Peru)

    The overall "glassy" appearance, with hints of soft colors occasionally breaking through, is a characteristic of Pagyris ulla. 

  42. Pagyris cymothoe  ______  EC


     Genus CALLITHOMIA:  between 5 and 10 species of dark ITHOMIIDS in Central and South America 

  43. Callithomia hezia  ______
    Callithomia hezia villula ______  (DA:86)      subspecies in Colombia
    Callithomia hezia phagesia ______ (DA:86)      subspecies in central Peru
     HEZIA CLEARWING  (or White-leading Ticlear) 
     (Range: Mexico to Peru)  
        
  44. Callithomia alexirrhoe  ______  EC  
    ALEX'S CLEARWING
  45. Callithomia hezia  ______  EC
    HEZIA CLEARWING
  46. Callithomia lenea  ______  AR  BR  EC
    Callithomia lenea agrippina  ______      subspecies in Panama and Colombia
    Callithomia lenea methonella  ______  ARne  BRse  (MM:408)      subspecies in northeast Argentina and southeast Brazil 
    LENEA CLEARWING
     AR common name: Diafana  (or Diaphanous)
    Genus SAIS

  47. Sais rosalia  ______  EC


    Genus SCADA

  48. Scada zibia  ______  EC  (DV1:34)
     ZIBIA TIGERWING
    (Range: Nicaragua to Peru) 
  49. Scada kusa  ______  EC

  50. Scada reckia  ______  EC

  51. Scada zemira  ______  EC  (EBE:122)  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  52. Scada karschina karschina  ______  BRse  subspecies in southeast Brazil 

    Genus HYALYRIS: 8 to 10 species of CLEARWINGS, with some species showing delicate combinations of yellows and orange-browns especially at the anal angle of the hindwings. 

  53. Hyalyris excelsa  ______  EC  (DV1:34)
     EXCELSA TIGERWING
    (Range: Costa Rica to Peru) 

  54. Hyalyris ocna  ______  EC

  55. Hyalyris oulita  ______  EC
    Hyalyris oulita cana ______  (DA:87)      subspecies in Venezuela
    Hyalyris oulita adelinda ______  (DA:87)      subspecies in Ecuador
    (Range: Venezuela to southern Peru and nearby Bolivia) 

  56. Hyalyris antea  ______  EC

  57. Hyalyris coeno  ______  EC

  58. Hyalyris mestra ______  EC

  59. Hyalyris praxilla  ______  EC

  60. There is a Hyalyris sp. in Ecuador soon to be described. 


    Genus HYPOTHYRIS:  8 to 10 species of CLEARWINGS, with some species showing delicate combinations of yellows and orange-browns especially at the anal angle of the hindwings 
  61. Hypothyris euclea  ______  AR  EC  (DV1:34)
    Hypothyris euciea laphria ______ ARne  (MM:406)      subspecies in northeast Argentina
    EUCLEA TIGERWING      (or Common Ticlear)
    AR common name: Yvoty  (a Guarani word for "flower")
    (Range: Mexico to northern Argentina)  

  62. Hypothyris anastasia  ______  EC

  63. Hypothyris fluonia  ______  EC

  64. Hypothyris lycaste  ______  EC
    Hypothyris lycaste lycaste  ______      subspecies in Panama and Colombia
    LYCASTE TIGERWING
  65. Hypothyris mamercus  ______  EC

  66. Hypothyris mansuetus  ______  EC

  67. Hypothyris moebiusi  ______  EC

  68. Hypothyris ninonia ______  AR  BR  EC
    Hypothyris ninonia daeta ______ ARne  BRse  (MM:407)      subspecies in southeast Brazil and northeast Argentina
    AR common name: Yvoty Moroti      (Guarani words are Yvoty meaning "flower" and Moroti meaning "white") 

  69. Hypothryris semifulva  ______  EC


    Genus NAPEOGENES

  70. Napeogenes cranto  ______  EC  (DV1:34)
     CRANTO TIGERWING
    (Range: Costa Rica to Peru) 
  71. Napeogenes achaea  ______  EC

  72. Napeogenes apulia  ______  EC

  73. Napeogenes duessa  ______  EC

  74. Napeogenes flossina  ______  EC

  75. Napeogenes glycera  ______  EC

  76. Napeogenes harbona  ______  EC

  77. Napeogenes inachia  ______  EC

  78. Napeogenes larilla  ______  EC

  79. Napeogenes larina  ______  EC

  80. Napeogenes lycora  ______  EC

  81. Napeogenes peridia  ______  EC
    PERIDIA TIGERWING
  82. Napeogenes pharo  ______  EC

  83. Napeogenes quadrilis  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  84. Napeogenes stella  ______  EC
    STELLA TIGERWING 
  85. Napeogenes sulphureophila  ______  EC  (either endemic of nearly so to Ecuador)

  86. Napeogenes sylphis  ______  EC

  87. Napeogenes tolosa  ______  EC 
    TOLOSA TIGERWING
  88. Napeogenes rhezia yanetta  ______  BRse  subspecies in southeast Brazil 

    Genus ITHOMIA:  40 to 45 species of clear-winged butterflies with the most beautiful opalescent reflections when viewed in an oblique light.



    A butterfly in the genus Ithomia
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)
  89. Ithomia derasa  ______  (DA:87)
     (Range: Costa Rica, maybe Nicaragua, to Colombia)
  90. Ithomia celemia ______ (DV1:35)
     CELEMIA CLEARWING
    (Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela) 

  91. Ithomia terra  ______  EC  (DV1:35)
     Ithomia terra terrana  ______  EC  (EBE:123,185)      subspecies in Ecuador
    TERRA CLEARWING
    (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia) 

  92. Ithomia amarilla  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  93. Ithomia avella  ______  EC

  94. Ithomia cleora  ______  EC  (EBE:123)  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  95. Ithomia diasia  ______  EC
    Ithomia diasia galata  ______      subspecies in Panama and Colombia
    DIASIA CLEARWING
  96. Ithomia eleonora  (ph)  ______
    (Range: Peru & Bolivia)



    Ithomia eleonora
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
  97. Ithomia hyala  ______  EC
    HYALA CLEARWING
  98. Ithomia iphianassa  ______  EC
    IPHIANASSA CLEARWING
  99. Ithomia jucunda  ______  EC
    Ithomia jucunda centromaculata  ______      subspecies in Panama and Colombia   
    JUCUNDA CLEARWING
  100. Ithomia lagusa  ______  EC

  101. Ithomia agnosia  ______  AR  BR  EC 
    Ithomia agnosia zikani ______ ARne  BRse  (MM:404)      subspecies in southeast Brazil and northeast Argentina
    AR common name: Cristalina Mancha Blanca      (translates to "White-spot Crystalline")

  102. Ithomia drymo ______ ARne  BRse  (MM:405)
    AR common name: Cristalina Guion Negro      (translates to "Black Hyphen Crystalline")

  103. Ithomia salapia  ______  EC  (DA:87)
    (Range: Ecuador & Peru)


    Genus OLERIA:      85 to 90 species of CLEARWINGS characterized in many species by orange apical coloring in the forewing, and/or some orange marking on the margin of the hindwing.  
  104. Oleria zelica  ______  EC  (DV1:35)
     ZELICA CLEARWING
    (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)   

  105. Oleria agarista  ______  EC  (EBE:124)

  106. Oleria alexina  ______  EC

  107. Oleria amalda  ______  EC

  108. Oleria assimilis  ______  EC

  109. Oleria athalina  ______  EC

  110. Oleria attalia  ______  EC

  111. Oleria cyrene  ______  EC

  112. Oleria estella  ______  EC

  113. Oleria fasciata  ______  EC

  114. Oleria furnata  ______  EC

  115. Oleria gunilla  ______  EC

  116. Oleria ilerdina  ______  EC  

  117. Oleria ilerdinoides ______  (DA:88)
    (Range: Brazil, Amazonas)

    There are similarly patterned and colored "species" that may prove to be seasonal or local forms of Oleria ilerdinoides. 

  118. Oleria makrena  (ph)  ______  EC
    MAKRENA CLEARWING


    Makrena Clearwing
         (photo by Sherry Nelson)
  119. Oleria olerioides  ______  EC

  120. Oleria onega  ______  EC

  121. Oleria padilla  ______  EC  (EBE:185)

  122. Oleria quadrata  ______  EC

  123. Oleria radina  ______  EC

  124. Oleria santineza  ______  EC

  125. Oleria sexmaculata  ______  EC

  126. Oleria thiemei  ______  
    THIEME'S CLEARWING
         (Range: Panama and Colombia)
  127. Oleria tigilla  ______  EC

  128. Oleria tremona  ______  EC

  129. Oleria zelica  ______  EC
    ZELICA CLEARWING
  130. There are 2 Oleria sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.

  131. Oleria susiana  ______ 
    Oleria susiana susiana  ______  (DA:88)
    (Range: Colombia to northern Peru)

    This "species", Oleria susiana, is part of a small group, in appearance atypically OLERIA, but placed in this genus for convenience until the true generic identity can be determined. 

  132. Oleria (or Ollantaya) aegineta  ______  EC

  133. Oleria (or Ollantaya) baizana  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  134. Oleria aquata  ______  BRse

    Genus CERATINIA

  135. Ceratinia tutia  ______  EC
    Ceratinia tutia dorilla ______ (DV1:35)      (subspecies from Nicaragua to Venezuela)
    TUTIA CLEARWING      (or Yellow-tipped Ticlear)
    (Range: Mexico to the Amazon Basin) 
  136. Ceratinia neso  ______  EC

    Genus DIRCENNA
  137. Dircenna dero  ______  AR  BR  (DV1:35)
    Dircenna dero euchytma  ______      subspecies from Nicaragua to Venezuela 
    Dircenna dero celtina  ______  ARne  (MM:409)      subspecies in northeast Argentina
    Dircenna dero rheo  ______  BRse      subspecies in southeast Brazil
    DERO CLEARWING     (or Big-bordered Dircenna)
    AR common name: Celtina  (regarding the name: Celtina in mythology had a baby with Hercules, called Celto, that gave rise to the Celts)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)  
  138. Dircenna adina  ______  EC
    Dircenna adina stenheili  ______  EC  (EBE:124,186)      subspecies in Ecuador

  139. Dircenna dero  ______  EC

  140. Dircenna jemina  ______  EC
    JEMINA CLEARWING
  141. Dircenna loreta  ______  EC

  142. Dircenna olyras  ______  EC
    OLYRAS CLEARWING

    Genus EPISCADA:  15 to 18 species of mostly clear-winged butterflies, with 1 or 2 with orange-brown and yellow colored opaque qualities.
  143. Episcada apuleia  ______  EC

  144. Episcada carcinia ______  (DA:89)
    (Range: southern Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay)

  145. Episcada clausina  ______  BR  EC
    Episcada clausina striposis  ______  BRse      subspecies in southeast Brazil

  146. Episcada hymen  ______  EC

  147. Episcada hymenaea  ______   AR  BR  EC
    Episcada hymenaea hymenaea  ______  ARba,ne  BRse  (BB:319) (MM:410)      (subspecies in Argentina)
    AR common name: Cristalina      (translates to "Crystalline", referring to the appearance of the wings)

     Near Buenos Aires, Argentina, Episcada hymenaea has been seen flying together with the similar Pseudoscada erruca.
  148. Episcada mira  ______  EC

  149. Episcada polita  ______  EC

  150. Episcada salvinia  ______  EC
    SALVIN'S CLEARWING
  151. Episcada ticidella  ______  EC

  152. Episcada philocles  ______  BRse


     Genus PTERONYMIA:  65 to 70 species of medium to large sized CLEARWINGS, with many having a yellowish cast to the diaphanous wings.

  153. Pteronymia artena  ______  EC  (C:375) (DV1:36)
    ARTENA CLEARWING      (or Pointed Clearwing)
    (Range: Mexico to Peru, also Trinidad) 

     Pteronymia artena is common in many forests, up to 6,000 feet above sea level. Its larval host plants are woody vines called lianas, common in the tropical canopy.

  154. Pteronymia oneida  ______  EC  (DA:89)
    (Range: Colombia and Ecuador)

  155. Pteronymia aletta  ______  EC
    ALETTA CLEARWING
  156. Pteronymia alida  ______  EC

  157. Pteronymia alissa  ______  EC
    Pteronymia alissa alissa  ______  EC  (EBE:124)      subspecies in Ecuador

  158. Pteronymia dispaena  ______  EC

  159. Pteronymia fumida  ______  EC
    FUMIDA CLEARWING
  160. Pteronymia gertschi  ______  EC

  161. Pteronymia glauca  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  162. Pteronymia granica  ______  EC

  163. Pteronymia hara  ______  EC
    HARA CLEARWING
  164. Pteronymia latilla  ______  EC
    LATILLA CLEARWING
  165. Pteronymia linzera  ______  EC

  166. Pteronymia obscuratus  ______  EC
    OBSCURE CLEARWING
  167. Pteronymia ozia  ______  EC

  168. Pteronymia primula  ______  EC

  169. Pteronymia sao  ______  EC

  170. Pteronymia semonis  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  171. Pteronymia serrata  ______  EC

  172. Pteronymia tamina  ______  EC

  173. Pteronymia teresita  ______  EC

  174. Pteronymia ticida  ______  EC

  175. Pteronymia veia  ______  EC

  176. Pteronymia vestilla  ______  EC

  177. Pteronymia zerlina  ______  EC

  178. Pteronymia sylvo  ______  ARne  BRse  (MM:411)  
    AR common name: Sylvo      (referring to the scientific name) 

  179. There are 2 Pteronymia sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.

  180. Pteronymia eurites  ______  BRse

    Genus HYPOMENITIS: a single species

  181. Hypomenitis theudelinda  ______  (DA:89)
    (Range: Colombia to Peru)


     Genus GODYRIS: about 10 species of medium to large CLEARWINGS.
  182. Godyris zavaleta  ______  EC  (DV1:35)
     Godyris zavaleta telesilla  ______  EC  (EBE:124)      subspecies in Ecuador
    VARIEGATED CLEARWING      (or Variegated Ticlear)
    (Range: Mexico to Ecuador) 

  183. Godyris duillia  ______  EC  (DA:90)
    (Range: Colombia to Bolivia, in the eastern Andes)
  184. Godyris dircenna  ______  EC

  185. Godyris lauta  ______  EC

  186. Godyris nepos  ______  EC

  187. Godyris panthyale  ______  EC

  188. There is a Godyris sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.


     Genus HYPOLERIA

  189. Hypoleria adasa adasa  ______  BRse  subspecies in southeast Brazil

  190. Hypoleria alema  ______  EC
  191. Hypoleria aureliana  ______  EC

  192. Hypoleria lavinia  ______  EC
    Hypoleria lavinia vanilia  ______      subspecies in Panama and Colombia
    Hypoleria lavinia chrysodonia  ______  EC  (EBE:124)      subspecies in Ecuador
    LAVINIA CLEARWING

  193. Hypoleria sarepta  ______  EC


    Genus GRETA  

  194. Greta polissena  (ph)  ______  EC  (DV1:36)
     POLISSENA CLEARWING
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil) 



    The Polissena Clearwing
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
  195. Greta andromica  (ph)  ______  EC  (C:371) (DV1:36)
     Greta andromica dromica  ______  EC  (EBE:124)      subspecies in Ecuador
    ANDROMICA CLEARWING
    (Range: Guatemala to Peru) 



    The Andromica Clearwing
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)
  196. Greta alphesiboea  ______  EC

  197. Greta depauperata  ______  EC

  198. Greta dercetis  ______  EC

  199. Greta hermana  ______  EC  (EBE:124)

  200. Greta libethris  ______  EC 

  201. Greta lojana  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 2001)

  202. Greta lydia  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  203. Greta ochretis  ______  EC

  204. Greta oneidodes  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  205. Greta ortygia  ______  EC 

  206. Greta theudelinda  ______  EC

  207. There is a Greta sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.


    Genus PSEUDOSCADA
  208. Pseudoscada timna  ______  EC
    Pseudoscada timna saturata  ______      subspecies in Panama and Colombia
    TIMNA CLEARWING
  209. Pseudoscada florula  ______  EC
    Pseudoscada florula aureola  ______  EC  (EBE:124)      subspecies in Ecuador

  210. Pseudoscada erruca  ______  ARba,ne  BRse  (BB:321) (MM:412)
     AR common name: Cristalina Azulada  ("Bluish Crystalline")
    Near Buenos Aires, Argentina, Pseudoscada erruca has been seen flying together with the similar Episcada hymenaea.

    Genus MCCLUNGIA:      genus created in 1940

  211. Mcclungia cymo  ______  EC
    Mcclungia cymo salonina  ______  ARne  (MM:413)
     AR common name: Cristalina Mancha Amarilla  ("Yellow Spot Crystalline")


    Genus HETEROSAIS
  212. Heterosais edessa  ______  BRse  (DV1:36)
     EDESSA GLASSWING
    (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia)
  213. Heterosais giulia  ______  EC
    GIULIA CLEARWING
  214. Heterosais nephele  ______  EC


    Genus PATRICIA:      genus created in 1940
  215. Patricia demylus  ______  EC
  216. Patricia oligyrtis  ______  EC
  217. Patricia dercyllidas  ______  EC
    Patricia dercyllidas dercyllidas  ______  EC  (EBE:123)      subspecies in Ecuador


    Genus HYPOSCADA
  218. Hyposcada anchiala  ______  EC
    Hyposcada anchiala ecuadorina  ______  EC  (EBE:123)      subspecies in Ecuador
    ANCHIALA CLEARWING
  219. Hyposcada illinissa  ______  EC
    Hyposcada illinissa ida  ______  EC  (EBE:123)      subspecies in Ecuador
    ILLINISSA CLEARWING
  220. Hyposcada schausi  ______  EC
  221. Hyposcada taliata  ______  EC
  222. Hyposcada virginiana  ______  EC
    VIRGINIANA CLEARWING
  223. Hyposcada zarepha  ______  EC


    Genus MEGOLERIA
  224. Megoleria orestilla  ______  EC
  225. Megoleria susiana  ______  EC


    Genus HYALENNA
  226. Hyalenna alidella  ______  EC
    ALIDELLA CLEARWING
  227. Hyalenna paradoxa  ______  EC
  228. Hyalenna perasippe  ______  EC
  229. Hyalenna sulmona  ______  EC
  230. There is a Hyalenna sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.


    Genus VELADYRIS:      genus created in 1945
  231. Veladyris pardalis  ______  EC


    Genus VELAMYSTA
  232. Velamysta phengites  ______  EC
  233. Velamysta pupilla  ______  EC   (species described in 1945)


    Genus BREVIOLERIA:      genus created in 2004
  234. Brevioleria aelia  ______  EC
  235. Brevioleria arzalia  ______  EC
  236. Brevioleria coenina  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  237. Brevioleria seba  ______  EC 


    Subfamily SATYRINAE  (including here: Tribes MELANITINI, HAETERINI, SATYRINI) 

         The tribes MORPHINI (the MORPHOS) and BRASSOLINI (the OWL BUTTERFLIES) are in: 
     PART 4 OF THIS LIST OF SOUTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES
    The tribe SATYRINI follows here after MELANITINI and HAETERINI.  
    Totally SATYRINAE contains around 2,400 of the 6,000 or so Brushfoot (NYMPHALIDAE) species .
    In Ecuador, there are 410 species in SATYRINAE, and about 70 of them are endemic to the country.
    Most are midsize or small butterflies (except MORPHO and CALIGO) with cryptic coloration (brown, black, etc.)
    Camouflage is their most important method of defense as they do not extract toxic chemicals from their host plants, which include:
    the monocots, such as Poaceae (grasses and bamboos) and Cyperaceae.
    Other host plants include:
    Arecaeae (palms), Heliconiaceae and Musaceae (bananas), Marantaceae and Selaginellaceae (club mosses).

    Most SATYRINAE butterflies feed mainly on decaying fruits and other organic matter.
    Many fly close to the ground, in the forest, and due to their camouflage, the sit to "disappear" on leaf litter when disturbed. 


         Subfamily SATYRINAE, Tribes MELANITINi and HAETERINI:
      
    Genus MANATARIA
  238. Manataria hercyna  ______  AR  EC
     Manataria hercyna maculata  ______  (DV1:47)      subspecies from Mexico to Colombia  (was Manataria maculata)
    Manataria hercyna hercyna  ______  ARne  (MM:369)      subspecies in northeast Argentina
    WHITE-SPOTTED SATYR
    AR common name: Franja Crema      (translates to "Cream Band")
         (Range: south Texas and Mexico to Brazil and Argentina)


    Genus PIERELLA

     Those in PIERELLA are mid to large-sized butterflies. They have a soft bluish or orange coloration, but mainly they are cryptic.
    They fly in primary or secondary forests, close to the ground. Mostly they are tropical, up to about 2,100 feet above sea level.
    They feed on decaying fruit and other organic matters.
    Host plants are usually Heliconiaceae and Maranthaceae.       
  239. Pierella amalia  _____  EC

  240. Pierella astyoche  ______  EC

  241. Pierella helvina  ______  EC
     Pierella helvina ocreata  ______      subspecies in Panama and northwest Colombia
    RED-WASHED SATYR
  242. Pierella hortona  ______  EC  (EBE:111)

  243. Pierella hyalinus  ______  EC

  244. Pierella hyceta  ______  EC
    Pierella hyceta ceryce  ______  EC  (EBE:110)      subspecies in Ecuador 

  245. Pierella lamia  ______  BRmg  EC
    Pierella lamia chalybea  ______  EC  (EBE:110)      subspecies in Ecuador
    Pierella lamia lamia  ______  BRse      subspecies in southeast Brazil
    LAMIA SATYR
  246. Pierella lena  ______  EC  (species described by Linnaeus in 1767)
    Pierella lena brasiliensis

  247. Pierella lucia  ______  EC  (EBE:110)

  248. Pierella luna  ______  EC
     Pierella luna luna  ______      subspecies from Nicaragua to Colombia, or Ecuador
    MOON SATYR
  249. Pierella nereis  ______  BRse


    Genus HAETERA

    Butterflies in the genera HAETERA and CITHAERIAS (below) are transparent and translucid, with beautiful pinkish or orange coloration.
    These appropriately named "glass-wings" are among the first species encountered in the forest.
    They are mainly tropical and in foothills up to about 3,500 feet above sea level, especially Cithaerias pireta.  
    Decaying fruit and other organic matter are fed upon.
    Host plants are monocotyledons in general.   

  250. Haetera macleannania  ______  EC
     REDDISH CLEARWING-SATYR
     (Range: Costa Rica to western Ecuador)
  251. Haetera piera  ______  BRmg  EC  (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
    Haetera piera negra  ______  EC  (EBE:111)      subspecies in Ecuador
    PIERA SATYR

    Genus CITHAERIAS

  252. Cithaerias phantoma  ______  EC
  253. Cithaerias pireta  (or meander)  ______  EC
    Cithaerias pireta aurora  ______  (EBE:111)      subspecies in Ecuador, in the Amazon
    Cithaerias pireta pireta  ______  (EBE:111)      subspecies from Guatemala to Ecuador; in Ecuador in the area of the Coast
    RUSTED CLEARWING-SATYR
  254. Cithaerias pyritosa  ______  EC

  255. Cithaerias pyropina  ______  EC


    Genus PSEUDOHAETERA

  256. Pseudohaetera hypaesia  (ph)  ______  EC  in Ecuador and Colombia
    MONTANE PHANTOM
    Like others in HAETERINI, the Montane Phantom is found in deeply shaded areas in the forest. It occurs between about 3,900 and 6,000 feet above sea level. 



    Montane Phantom
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)
  257. Pseudohaetera mimica  ______  EC


    Genus DULCEDO

  258. Dulcedo polita  ______  EC
     UNCOLORED CLEARWING-SATYR
     (Range: Nicaragua to Ecuador)


    Subfamily SATYRINAE, Tribe SATYRINI: SATYRS & WOOD NYMPHS - the RINGLETS 
         a large group represented strongly in Central & South America

    Most SATYRS are drab or cryptically colored. The butterflies are usually midsize or small, brown or gray, and have eyespots (ocelli) on both the upper and lower faces of the wings. 
    They can be very similar to each other, thus at times making field identification difficult.
    A few genera are actually colorful, mainly bluish, such as Cepheuptychia and Chloreuptychia.
     
    The flight of SATYRINAE is fast and erratic and they are most often seen at dawn and dusk. Generally they fly low in the forest. 

    The butterflies feed on flower nectar. Host plants include Poaceae (grasses and bamboos) and Cyperaceae. Also Marantaceae and Sellaginela.
     
    SATYRS produce only one brood annually. They overwinter as larvae.  

    SATYRINAE is a large group. In it, in Ecuador alone, there are at least 24 genera. The systematics of the group is a "work still in progress", but it is ever getting better.  


    Genus HERMEUPTYCHIA:  genus created in 1964
  259. Hermeuptychia cucullina  ______  EC

  260. Hermeuptychia fallax  ______  EC

  261. Hermeuptychia harmonia (or calixta)  ______  EC
     HARMONIA SATYR
     (Range: Costa Rica to western Ecuador)
  262. Hermeuptychia hermes ______ ARba,ne  BRse  EC  (BB:299) (EBE:113) (MM:385)
    HERMES SATYR
    AR common name: Hermes      (referring to the scientific name, Hermes was the Greek name of the Roman god Mercury, messenger of the gods.
    BR common name: Tristonho  (translates to"Sad") 
    (Range: from south Texas in the US to Argentina) 
    Hermeuptychia hermes occurs in clear sunlit areas in the herbaceous stratum of moist woodlands.


    Genus ORESSINOMA 
  263. Oressinoma typhla  (ph)  ______  EC  (DV1:47)  
    Oressinoma typhia typhia  ______  EC  (EBE:114)
     TYPHIA SATYR
    (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia) 



    Oressinoma typhia
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

    Genus TAYGETIS:      About 27 species of browns in Central and South America. With brown or gray upperparts, and with false eyes on the underside. Mostly, they prefer shaded rainforest understory.  

  264. Taygetis mermeria  ______  EC  (DV1:47)
     GREAT SATYR
    (Range: Mexico to Bolivia and Brazil) 

  265. Taygetis virgilia  ______  EC  (DV1:47) (EBE:114)
     STUB-TAILED SATYR
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil) 

  266. Taygetis uzza (or salvini)  ______
    UZZA SATYR
         (Range: Guatemala to Colombia)  
  267. Taygetis sosis  ______  EC  (DV1:47)  (formerly Taygetis xenana godmani)
    SOSIS SATYR
         (Range: Costa Rica to the Amazon Basin in Peru and Brazil)  

  268. Taygetis kerea  ______ (DV1:47)
    KEREA SATYR
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina)

  269. Taygetis andromeda ______ (DV1:48)
    (Range: Mexico thru Central and South America)

  270. Taygetis penelea ______ (DV1:48)
    (Range: Costa Rica to the Amazon Basin) 

  271. Taygetis banghassi ______ (DV1:50)
    (Range: Costa Rica locally, and Bolivia)

  272. Taygetis chrysogone  ______  EC

  273. Taygetis cleopatra  ______  BRmg  EC
     CLEOPATRA SATYR
  274. Taygetis echo  ______  EC 

  275. Taygetis laura  ______  EC
     LAURA'S SATYR
         (Range: Panama to Bolivia)
  276. Taygetis leuctra  ______  EC
     LEUCTRA SATYR
         (Range: southern Mexico to Ecuador)
  277. Taygetis sylvia  ______  ARne  EC  (MM:370)
     SYLVIA'S SATYR
     AR common name: Silvia
         (Range: Panama to Argentina) 
  278. Taygetis thamyra  ______  EC
     THAMYRA SATYR
         (Range: eastern Mexico to southern Brazil) 
  279. Taygetis zippora  ______  EC

  280. Taygetis rufomarginata ______ ARne  (MM:371)
     RUFOUS-MARGINED SATYR
     AR common name: Rojiza      (translates to "Reddish")
  281. Taygetis acuta ______ ARne  (MM:372)
    AR common name: Puntiaguda      (translates to "Pointed")
  282. Taygetis ypthima ______ ARne  EC  (MM:373)
    AR common name: Ganchuda       (translates to "Hook-shaped")
  283. Taygetis laches  ______  EC 
    Taygetis laches marginata ______ ARne  (MM:374)      (subspecies in northeast Argentina) 
    AR common name: Andromeda      (from an erroneous scientific name that was given to the species)   


    Genus TAYGETINA   genus created in 1964
  284. Taygetina banghaasi  ______  EC
     BANG-HAAS' SATYR
     (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia)

    Genus TAYGETOMORPHA       genus created in 2004
  285. Taygetomorpha celia  ______  EC  (DV1:47)  (formerly Taygetis celia)
    CELIA SATYR
         (Range: Nicaragua to Bolivia and Brazil)
  286. Taygetomorpha puritana  ______  EC
  287. There is a Taygetomorpha sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.


    Genus PARATAYGETIS      genus created in 1964

  288. Parataygetis lineata  (ph)  ______  EC
    WHITE-LINED SATYR
    (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador) 



    White-lined Satyr
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)
  289. Parataygetis albinotata  ______  EC  in Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia


    Genus POSTTAYGETIS      genus created in 1964
  290. Posttaygetis penelea  ______  BRmg  EC
     YELLOW-SPIKED SATYR
         (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)

    Genus FORSTERINARIA       genus created in 1973
  291. Forsterinaria neonympha  ______  EC
     WHITE-DOTTED SATYR
     (Range: southern Mexico to Ecuador)
    Alternate scientific names for Forsterinaria neonympha have been (are): F. umbracea, F. polyphemus,  F. clclops.
  292. Forsterinaria stella  ______  EC

  293. Forsterinaria pyrczi  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 2005)
  294. Forsterinaria rustica  ______  EC

  295. Forsterinaria difficilis  ______  EC  (species described in 1964)
  296. Forsterinaria inornata  ______  EC

  297. Forsterinaria boliviana  ______  EC

  298. Forsterinaria pallida  ______  EC  (species described in 2005)
  299. Forsterinaria coipa  ______  EC  (species described in 2005)
  300. Forsterinaria enjuerma  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 2005)
  301. Forsterinaria pseudiornata  ______  EC  (species described in 1964)
  302. Forsterinaria anophthalma  ______  EC
  303. Forsterinaria stelligera  ______  BRse

  304. Forsterinaria quantius  ______  ARne  BRse  (MM:376)
     AR common name: Quantius      (referring to the scientific name)
  305. Forsterinaria necys  ______  ARne  BRse  (MM:377)
     AR common name: Ondulada      (translates to "Wavy", referring to the scalloped outer margin)

    Genus GODARTIANA

  306. Godartiana byses  ______  BRse
  307. Godartiana muscosa  ______  ARne  (MM:378)
     AR common name: Musgosa      (translates to "Mossy")


    Genus SPLENDEUPTYCHIA:      genus created in 1964
  308. Splendeuptychia ashna  ______  EC

  309. Splendeuptychia clementia ______  EC

  310. Splendeuptychia furina  ______  EC

  311. Splendeuptychia itonis  ______  EC

  312. Splendeuptychia quadrina  ______  EC
  313. Splendeuptychia toynei  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1995) 
  314. Splendeuptychia ambra  ______  BRse
  315. Splendeuptychia doxes  ______  BRse

  316. Splendeuptychia hygina  ______  BRse

  317. A yet undescribed species of Splendeuptychia has been found in southeast Brazil.
  318. Splendeuptychia libitina  ______  ARne  EC  (MM:379)
     AR common nmae: Monedita      (translates to "Little Coin", referring to its circular silver spot on the hindwing, like a coin)
  319. Splendeuptychia cosmosphila  ______  ARne  EC  (MM:380)
     AR common name: Dos Monedas      (translates to "Two Coins", referring to the silver spots on the hindwings)

    Genus PSEUDODEBIS      genus created in 1964, species here previously assigned to the genus TARGETIS
  320. Pseudodebis zimn  ______
     BUTLER'S SATYR
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Colombia)
  321. Pseudodebis marpessa  ______  EC

  322. Pseudodebis valentina  ______  EC  a widespread and common species
    VALENTINA RINGLET
     (Range: Venezuela to Bolivia)
  323. Pseudodebis euptychidia  ______  ARne  (MM:381)
     AR common name: Puntos Blacnos      (translates to "White Dots", referring to its white eyespots on the ventral surface)

    Genus PAREUPTYCHIA

  324. Pareuptychia binocula  ______  EC

  325. Pareuptychia hesionides  ______  EC

  326. Pareuptychia metaleuca  ______  EC  (EBE:113)
     WHITE-BANDED SATYR
     (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)
  327. Pareuptychia ocirrhoe  (ph)  ______  EC  (EBE:113)
    TWO-BANDED SATYR      (or BANDED WHITE RINGLET)
    (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)



         A Two-banded Satyr, or Banded White Ringlet,
    photographed during a FONT tour in Ecuador
    (photo by Marie Gardner)

  328. Pareuptychia summandosa  ______  ARne  EC  (MM:382)
     AR common name: Flash      (referring to is defense mechanism that produces intermittent gleams of white - a flash effect or lightning - that confuses a predator)

    Genus YPHTHIMOIDES      genus created in 1964
  329. Yphthimoides eugenia  ______  EC

  330. Yphthimoides maepius  ______  EC

  331. Yphthimoides renata  ______  EC
     RENATA SATYR
     (Range: southern Mexico to western Ecuador)
  332. Yphthimoides celmis  ______  ARba,ne  (BB:297) (MM:383)
     AR common name: Celmis      (referring to the scientific name; Celmis, in mythology, was the father of Jupiter's nurse)
    BR common name: Tristonho      (translates to "Sad")
    Yphthimoides celmis is a very common in the grasslands of Buenos Aires province, Argentina.  
  333. Yphthimoides straminea  ______  ARne  (MM:384)
     AR common name: Uniforme      ("Uniform", referring to the color of the wings)

    Genus PARYPHTHIMOIDES 

  334. Paryphthimoides undulata  ______  BRmg
     UNDULATA SATYR
  335. Paryphthimoides phronius  ______  BRse

  336. Paryphthimoides poltys  ______  ARba,ne  BRse  (BB:301) (MM:386)
     AR common name: Lineas Convergentes  (    translates to "Convergent Lines")
  337. Paryphthimoides melobosis  ______  ARne  (MM:387)
     AR common name: Encadeenada      (translates to "in chains", referring to the row of eyespots, like a chain)

    Genus PHARNEUPTYCHIA       genus created in 1964
  338. Pharneuptychia innocentia  ______  ARne  BRse  (MM:388)
     AR common name: Inocente      ("Innocent", referring to the scientific name) 
  339. Pharneuptychia phares  ______  ARne  (MM:389)
     AR common name: Ocre      ("Ochre", referring to its coloring)   

    Genus ZISCHKAIA      genus created in 1964
  340. Zischkaia mima  ______  EC
  341. Zischkaia pacarus  ______  ARne  (MM:390)
     AR common name: Esclava Morena      (translates to "Brown Slave")

    Genus MONEUPTYCHIA

  342. Moneuptychia griseidis  ______  BRse
  343. Moneuptychia paeon  ______  ARne  BRse  (MM:391)
     AR common name: Marmorea      (translates to "Marble", referring to the pattern on the hindwings) 
  344. Moneuptychia soter  ______  BRse


    Genus EUPTYCHIA 
  345. Euptychia enyo  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  346. Euptychia hilara  ______  EC
     TAWNY-CORNERED SATYR
         (Range: southern Mexico to Ecuador) 
  347. Euptychia insolata  ______  EC
     INSOLATA SATYR
         (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)
  348. Euptychia jesia  ______  EC
     JESIA SATYR
         (Range: southern Mexico to Colombia)
  349. Euptychia meta  ______  EC

  350. Euptychia mollina  ______  BRse  EC
     MOLLINA SATYR
         (Range: Mexico to Venezuela and Ecuador)
  351. Euptychia picea  ______  EC

  352. Euptychia rufocincta  ______  EC

  353. Euptychia westwoodi  ______  EC
     WESTWOOD'S SATYR
         (Range: southern Mexico to Venezuela and Ecuador) 
  354. Euptychia sp.  ______  EC  (EBE:112)


    Genus PSEUDOEUPTYCHIA

  355. Pseudoeuptychia languida  ______  EC

  356. There is a Pseudoeuptychia sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.


     Genus CISSIA  
    Butterflies in this genus were formerly all placed in EUPTYCHIA.  
      
  357. Cissia confusa  ______  BR  EC
    CONFUSED SATYR
     (Range: southern Mexico to Brazil) 
  358. Cissia pompilia  (or usitata)  ______  
    PLAIN SATYR
     (Range: Mexico to Colombia)
  359. Cissia similis  ______  
    ONE-PUPIL SATYR
     (Range: western Mexico to Colombia)
  360. Cissia alcinoe ______ (DV1:41)
    (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia)

  361. Cissia calixta ______ (DV1:41)
    (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)

  362. Cissia hermes ______ (DV1:41)
    (Range: Mexico thru the American tropics)  

  363. Cissia polyphemus ______ (DV1:41)
    (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)

  364. Cissia tiessa ______ (DV1:48)
    (Range: Nicaragua to Ecuador)

  365. Cissia labe  ______  EC  (DV1:48)
    RUSTY-SPOTTED SATYR  (or Labe Satyr)
         (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)

  366. Cissia palladia  ______  EC  (DV1:48)
    BUTLER'S SATYR
         (Range: southern Mexico to Brazil, also Trinidad)

  367. Cissia terrestris  ______  BRmg  EC  (DV1:48)
    TERRESTRIAL SATYR  (or CRYPTIC SATYR)
         (Range: Mexico to Brazil)

  368. Cissia libye ______ (DV1:48)
    (Range: Mexico to the Amazon Basin)

  369. Cissia metaleuca ______ (DV1:48)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)

  370. Cissia hesione ______ (DV1:48)
    (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)

  371. Cissia renata ______ (DV1:48)
    (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)

  372. Cissia myncea  ______  EC

  373. Cissia penelope  ______  EC

  374. Cissia proba  ______  EC

  375. Cissia thobiei (maybe Cissia myncea thobiei) ______ ARne  (MM:392)  
    AR common name: Cisea      (referring to the scientific name)   


    Genus PEDALIODES
  376. Pedaliodes perperna ______ (DV1:49)
    (Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela)

  377. Pedaliodes manis ______  EC  (DV1:49)
     MANIS SATYR
         (Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela and Ecuador)
  378. Pedaliodes adamsi  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1988)
  379. Pedaliodes alusana  ______  EC
  380. Pedaliodes anchiphilonis  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1968)
  381. Pedaliodes arturi  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1999)
  382. Pedaliodes asconia  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  383. Pedaliodes auristriga  ______  EC
  384. Pedaliodes balnearia  ______  EC  (species described in 1999)
  385. Pedaliodes canela  ______  EC  (species described in 1999)
  386. Pedaliodes cesarense  ______  EC  (species described in 1979)
  387. Pedaliodes chrysotaenia  ______  EC
  388. Pedaliodes costipunctata  ______  EC
  389. Pedaliodes dejecta  ______  EC
     DEJECTED SATYR
         (Range: Mexico to Ecuador) 
  390. Pedaliodes dracula  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1999)
  391. Pedaliodes fassli  ______  EC
  392. Pedaliodes ferratilis  ______  EC
  393. Pedaliodes manneja  ______  EC
  394. Pedaliodes melaleuca  ______  EC
  395. Pedaliodes montagna  ______  EC  (species described in 1981)
  396. Pedaliodes morenoi  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)  
  397. Pedaliodes negreti  _____  EC
  398. Pedaliodes pactyes  ______  EC
  399. Pedaliodes paeonides  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  400. Pedaliodes palaepolis  _____  EC  
  401. Pedaliodes paneis  ______  EC
  402. Pedaliodes patizathes  ______  EC
  403. Pedaliodes pedacia  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  404. Pedaliodes pelinaea  ______  EC 
  405. Pedaliodes pelinna  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  406. Pedaliodes petri  ______  EC  (species described in 1999)
  407. Pedaliodes peucestas  ______  EC
  408. Pedaliodes phaedra  ______  EC
  409. Pedaliodes phanoclea  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  410. Pedaliodes pheres  ______  EC
  411. Pedaliodes pheretias  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  412. Pedaliodes philonis  ______  EC
  413. Pedaliodes phrasicla  ______  EC
  414. Pedaliodes phrasiclea  ______  EC
  415. Pedaliodes phthiotis  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  416. Pedaliodes pisonia  ______  EC
  417. Pedaliodes poesia  ______  EC
  418. Pedaliodes polla  ______  EC
  419. Pedaliodes pollonia  ______  EC  (species described in 1986)
  420. Pedaliodes polusca  ______  EC
  421. Pedaliodes pomponia  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  422. Pedaliodes porcia  ______  EC
  423. Pedaliodes praxia  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  424. Pedaliodes praxithea  ______  EC
  425. Pedaliodes proerna  ______  EC
  426. Pedaliodes prytanis  ______  EC
  427. Pedaliodes puracana  ______  EC
  428. Pedaliodes ralphi  ______  EC  (species described in 1986)
  429. Pedaliodes rumba  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1999)
  430. Pedaliodes spina  ______  EC  
  431. Pedaliodes tabaconas  ______  EC  (species described in 1999)
  432. Pedaliodes transmontana  ______  EC  (species described in 1999)
  433. Pedaliodes tucca  ______  EC
  434. Pedaliodes xanthosphenisca  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1968)
  435. There are 7 Pedaliodes sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.


    Genus PRAEPEDALIODES       genus created in 1964
  436. Praepedaliodes phanias  ______  ARne  BRse  EC  (MM:396)
    AR common name: Duende      (translates to "Elf", referring to its habit of resting hidden in shady places)


    Genus PARAPEDALIODES       genus created in 1964
  437. Parapedaliodes parepa  ______  EC


    Genus PUNAPEDALIODES       genus created in 1964
  438. Punapedaliodes albopunctata  ______  EC
  439. Punapedaliodes flavopunctata  ______  EC 


     Genus CORADES
  440. Corades chelonis  ______  EC
  441. Corades chirone  ______  EC
  442. Corades cistene  ______  EC
  443. Corades cybele  ______  EC
  444. Corades dymantis  ______  EC
  445. Corades enyo  ______  EC
  446. Corades iduna  ______  EC
  447. Corades lactefusa  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  448. Corades medeba  (ph)  ______  EC 


    Corades medeba
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  449. Corades pannonia  ______  EC
  450. Corades sareba  ______  EC
  451. Corades tripunctata  ______  EC
  452. Corades ulema  ______  EC
  453. There is a Corades sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.


    Genus DAEDALMA
  454. Daedalma dinias  ______  EC
  455. Daedalma drusilla  ______  EC
  456. Daedalma fraudata  ______  EC  (species described in 2004)
  457. Daedalma inconspicua  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  458. Daedalma palacio  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  459. There is a Daedalma sp. in Ecuador soon to be described. 


    Genus THIEMELA
  460. Thiemela phoronea  ______  EC


    Genus JUNEA       genus created in 1964

  461. Junea doraete  ______  EC

  462. Junea dorinda  (ph)  ______  EC

     

     Junea dorinda
         (photo by Sherry Nelson)

    Genus AMPHIDECTA
  463. Amphidecta calliomma  ______  BRmg  EC
     CALLIOMMA SATYR
  464. Amphidecta pignerator  ______  EC
     STUB-TAILED SATYR
     (Range: Mexico to the Amazon basin)
    Taygetis virgilia     also called Stub-tailed Satyr.  


    Genus CAERULEUPTYCHIA       genus created in 1964

     genus created in 1964
  465. Caeruleuptychia aegrota  ______  EC
  466. Caeruleuptychia brixius  ______  EC
  467. Caeruleuptychia caerulea  ______  EC
  468. Caeruleuptychia coelestis  ______  EC
  469. Caeruleuptychia coelica  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  470. Caeruleuptychia lobelia  ______  EC
  471. Caeruleuptychia pilata  ______  EC
  472. Caeruleuptychia scopulata  ______  EC
  473. Caeruleuptychia umbrosa  ______  EC


    Genus CEPHEUPTYCHIA       genus created in 1964
  474. Cepheuptychia cephus  ______  EC
  475. Cepheuptychia glaucina  ______  EC


    Genus CHLOREUPTYCHIA       genus created in 1964
  476. Chloreuptychia agatha  ______  EC
  477. Chloreuptychia arnca  ______  BRse  EC
     BLUE-SMUDGED SATYR
     (Range: Guatemala to Brazil)
  478. Chloreuptychia catharina  ______  EC
  479. Chloreuptychia chlorimene  ______  EC
  480. Chloreuptychia herseis  ______  EC
  481. Chloreuptychia hewwitsonii  ______  EC
  482. Chloreuptychia marica  ______  EC
  483. Chloreuptychia tolumnia  ______  EC


    Genus ERICHTHODES       genus created in 1964
  484. Erichthodes antonina  ______  EC


    Genus ETEONA
  485. Eteona tisiphone  ______  ARne  BRse  (MM:395)
    AR common name: Tisifone      (referring to the scientific name; Tisiphone, in mythology, was one of the Furies)


    Genus ETCHEVERRIUS
  486. Etcheverrius chilensis elwesi  ______  ARba  (BB:303)  subspecies in Argentina
    AR common name: Chilenita      (translates to "Small Chilean")
    Etcheverrius chilensis     occurs in high grasslands (and in the espinal biogeographical zone).
  487. Etcheverrius tandilensis  ______  ARba  (BB:305)  
    AR common name: Serrana Bonaerense      (an endemic species in the highlands of Buenos Aires province, Argentina; hence, the Argentina common name) 

    Genus EUPTYCHOIDES   genus created in 1964
  488. Euptychoides albofasciata  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  489. Euptychoides eugenia  ______  EC
  490. Euptychoides griphe  ______  EC
  491. Euptychoides nossis  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)


    Genus HARJESIA       genus created in 1964
  492. Harjesia blanda  ______  EC
  493. Harjesia obscura  ______  EC
  494. Harjesia oreba (or guinare)   ______  EC
     OREBA SATYR
     (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador) 

    Genus HAYWARDELLA
  495. Haywardella edmondsii  ______  ARba  (BB:307)
    AR common name: Anaranjada Oculta      (translates to "Hidden Orange")


         Genus LASIOPHILA
  496. Lasiophila circe  ______  EC
  497. Lasiophila ciris  ______  EC
  498. Lasiophila orbifera  ______  EC
  499. Lasiophila palades  ______  EC
  500. Lasiophila parthyene  ______  EC
  501. Lasiophila phalaesia  ______  EC
  502. Lasiophila prosymna  ______  EC  


    Genus LYMANOPODIA
  503. Lymanopodia acraeida  ______  EC
  504. Lymanopodia albocincta  ______  EC
  505. Lymanopodia altis  ______  EC
  506. Lymanopodia caracara  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1999)
  507. Lymanopodia confusa  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1943)
  508. Lymanopodia eubagioides  ______  EC
  509. Lymanopodia excisa  ______  EC
  510. Lymanopodia ferruginosa  ______  EC
  511. Lymanopodia hazelana  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1943)
  512. Lymanopodia huilana  ______  EC
  513. Lymanopodia ichu  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1999)
  514. Lymanopodia ionius  ______  EC
  515. Lymanopodia labda  ______  EC
  516. Lymanopodia labineta  ______  EC
  517. Lymanopodia melia  ______  EC
  518. Lymanopodia nadia  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1999)
  519. Lymanopodia nivea  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  520. Lymanopodia obsoleta  ______  EC
  521. Lymanopodia panacea  (ph)  ______  EC 
    Lymanopodia panacea ocellifera  ______
    TWIN-EYED MOUNTAIN SATYR
    (Range: in the eastern Andes, from Colombia to Peru) 



    Twin-eyed Mountain Satyr  (photo by Sherry Nelson)
  522. There is a Lymanopodia sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.


    Genus MAGNEUPTYCHIA       genus created in 1964
  523. Magneuptychia alcinoe  ______  EC
     SIMPLE SATYR
     (Range: southern Mexico to Bolivia)
  524. Magneuptychia analis  ______  EC
  525. Magneuptychia antonoe  ______  BR
     CRAMER'S SATYR
     (Range: southern Mexico to the Amazon basin)
  526. Magneuptychia francisca  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  527. Magneuptychia fugitiva  ______  EC  (species described in 1997)
  528. Magneuptychia gera  ______  EC
  529. Magneuptychia harpyia  ______  EC
  530. Magneuptychia inani  ______  EC
  531. Magneuptychia iris  ______  EC
  532. Magneuptychia lea  ______  EC
  533. Magneuptychia libye  ______  BRse  EC  (species described by Linnaeus in 1767)
    BLUE-GRAY SATYR
         (Range: southeast Mexico to the Amazon basin)
      
  534. Magneuptychia modesta  ______  EC
  535. Magneuptychia mycalesis  ______  EC
  536. Magneuptychia ocnus  ______  EC
  537. Magneuptychia ocypete  ______  EC
  538. Magneuptychia probata  ______  EC
  539. Magneuptychia tiessa  ______  EC
     TIESSA SATYR
     (Range: Nicaragua to western Ecuador)
  540. Magneuptychia tricolor  ______  EC


    Genus MEGEUPTYCHIA       genus created in 1964
  541. Megeuptychia antonoe  ______  EC  (DV1:48)
    CRAMER'S SATYR
    (Range: Mexico to the Amazonian basin)
  542. Megeuptychia monopunctata  ______  EC   (species described in 1995)


    Genus MYGONA
  543. Mygona irmina  ______  EC
  544. Mygona poeania  ______  EC


    Genus OXEOSCHISTUS
  545. Oxeoschistus leucospilos  ______  EC
  546. Oxeoschistus protogenia  ______  EC
  547. Oxeoschistus puerta  ______  EC
     PUERTA SATYR


    Genus PAMPASATYRUS 
  548. Pampasatyrus gyrtone  ______  ARba  (BB:309)
    AR common name: Dos Puntos Ocelada      (translates to "Two-dotted Eyespots")
  549. Pampasatyrus quies  ______  ARba  (BB:311)
    AR common name: Dos Puntos      (translates to "Two Dots")
    Pampasatyrus quies     frequents grasslands, grassy hills, and sand dunes. During the summer, it can be seen rising up vertically to about 70 centimeters, and then descending in a soft glide in the grass.
  550. Pampasatyrus periphas  ______  ARba,ne  (BB:313) (MM:375)
    AR common name: Bandas Grises      (translates "Gray Bands")
    Pampasatyrus periphas     is a common species in grasslands in Buenos Aires province, Argentina.


    Genus PANYAPEDALIODES       genus created in 1964

  551. Panypedaliodes drymaea  ______  EC
  552. Panypedaliodes jephtha  ______  EC
  553. Panypedaliodes muscosa  ______  EC
  554. Panypedaliodes panyasis  ______  EC
  555. Panypedaliodes phila  ______  EC
  556. Panypedaliodes silpa  ______  EC
  557. Panypedaliodes tomentosa  ______  EC
  558. Panypedaliodes traceyannace  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1999)


    Genus PHEREPEDALIODES       genus created in 1964

  559. Pherepedaliodes naevia  ______  EC
  560. Pherepedaliodes nubilia  ______  EC  (species described in 1999) 


    Genus PROBOSCIS
  561. Proboscis propylea  ______  EC


    Genus PRONOPHILA
  562. Pronophila attali  ______  EC  (species described in 2000)
  563. Pronophila epidipnis  ______  EC
  564. Pronophila intercidona  ______  EC
  565. Pronophila isobelae  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 2000)
  566. Pronophila margarita  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 2000)
  567. Pronophila orcus  ______  EC
  568. Pronophila rosenbergi  ______  EC
  569. Pronophila thelebe  ______  EC
  570. Pronophila timanthes  ______  EC
  571. Pronophila unifasciata  ______  EC 


    G    enus PSEUDOMANIOLA
  572. Pseudomaniola asuba  ______  EC
  573. Pseudomaniola loxo  ______  EC
  574. Pseudomaniola phaselis  ______  EC
     FIRE-SPOTTED SATYR


    Genus STEROMA
  575. Steroma bega  (ph)  ______  EC
    Steroma bega andensis  ______  EC      subspecies in Ecuador and Peru
    WESTWOOD'S MOTTLED SATYR
    (Range: Venezuela and Colombia to Peru)



    Westwood's Mottled Satyr, Steroma bega
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)
  576. Steroma modesta  (ph)  ______  in Peru and Bolivia  
    MOTTLED SATYR



    Mottled Satyr, Steroma modesta
         (photo by Sherry Nelson)
  577. Steroma superba  ______  EC


    Genus STEREMNIA
  578. Steremnia monachella  ______  EC
  579. Steremnia pronophila  ______  EC
  580. Steremnia selva  ______  EC  (species described in 1986)
  581. Steremnia umbracina  ______  EC
  582. There are 3 Steremnia sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.


    Genus ALTOPEDALIODES       genus created in 1964

  583. Altopedaliodes kurti  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1999)

  584. Altopedaliodes pasicles  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  585. Altopedaliodes perita  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  586. Altopedaliodes tena  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  587. Altopedaliodes zsolti  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1999)


    Genus APEXACUTA       genus created in 2004

  588. Apexacuta orsedice  ______  EC


    Genus CORDEROPEDALIODES       genus created in 1964

  589. Corderopedaliodes corderoi  ______  EC


    Genus ERETRIS
  590. Eretris apuleja  ______  EC
  591. Eretris calisto  ______  EC
  592. Eretris encycla  ______  EC
  593. Eretris ocellifera  ______  EC
  594. Eretris oculata  ______  EC
  595. Eretris porphyria  ______  EC
  596. Eretris subrufescens  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  597. There are 2 Eretris sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.


    Genus MANEREBIA
  598. Manerebia apiculata  ______  EC
  599. Manerebia germaniae  ______  EC  (species described in 2006)
  600. Manerebia golondrina  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 2006) 
  601. Manerebia ignilineata  ______  EC
  602. Manerebia inderena  ______  EC  (species described in 1986)
  603. Manerebia interrupta  ______  EC  (species described in 1944)
  604. Manerebia leaena  ______  EC
  605. Manerebia magnifica  ______  EC  (species described in 2006)
  606. Manerebia mammuthus  ______  EC  (species described in 2006)
  607. Manerebia navarrae  ______  EC  (species described in 1979)
  608. Manerebia rufanalis  ______  EC  (species described in 2006)
  609. Manerebia satura  ______  EC
  610. Manerebia seducta  ______  EC  (species described in 2006)  
  611. Manerebia trimaculata  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  612. Manerebia undulata  ______  EC  (species described in 2006)


    Genus NEOPEDALIODES       genus created in 2004
  613. Neopedaliodes entella  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  614. Neopedaliodes juba  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly to to Ecuador)
  615. Neopedaliodes parrhoebia  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  616. Neopedaliodes philotera  ______  EC
  617. Neopedaliodes phoenicusa  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  618. Neopedaliodes triquetra  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  619. There are 2 Neopedaliodes sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.


    Genus ARCHEUPTYCHIA       genus created in 1964
  620. Archeuptychia cluena  ______  BRse 


    Genus CAPRONNIERIA       genus created in 1964
  621. Capronnieria galesus  ______  BRse


    Genus ARGYROPHORUS
  622. Argyrophorus argenteus  ______  CH  (WGC:101)
    SILVER SATYR
     CH common name: Mariposa Plateada
     (Range: in Chile, from Coquimbo to Aisen, in a wide variety of habitats)

    Argyrophorus argenteus has a very fast flight.
  623. Argyrophorus penai  ______  CH
    (Range: in Chile, a rare resident in the mountains of Antofagasta)


    Genus COSMOSATYRUS
  624. Cosmosatyrus chilensis  ______  CH  (WGC:101)
    COMMON CHILEAN SATYR 
     CH common name: Satirido Negro Comun
     (Range: in Chile, from Atacama to Magellanes)
    Cosmosatyrus chilensis     is one of the most common butterflies in Chile.

  625. Cosmosatyrus leptoneuroides  ______  CH  
    CH common name: Mariposa del Coiron
     (Range: in Chile, from Coquimbo Magallanes, where it inhabits high altitude grasslands)


     Genus FANULA
  626. Fanula leocognele  ______  CH
    CH common name: Satirido de Ocelo
     (Range: in Chile, from Tarapaca to Nuble, in the High Andes)
  627. Fanula patagonia  ______  CH
    CH common name: Satirido de la Estepa Patagonica
     (Range: in Chile, in Aisen on steppes)


     Genus TETRAPHLEBIA 
  628. Tetraphlebia (or Chillanella) stelligera  ______  CH
    STARRY SATYR
     CH common name: Satirido Estrellado
     (Range: in Chile, from Coquimbo to Valdivia)
  629. Tetraphlebia germaini  ______  CH  (WGC:100)
    CH common name: Satirido de Franja Gris
     (Range: in Chile, from Santiago to Nuble, in foothills and high mountains)  


     Genus NEOSATYRUS
  630. Neossatyrus ambriorix  ______  CH
    OCHRE-BANDED SATYR
     CH common name: Satirido de Banda Ocre
     (Range: in Chile, from Valparaiso to Valdivia)

    Genus NEOMAENAS
  631. Neomaenas janirodes  ______  CH   (WGC:101)
    JANIRODES SATYR
     CH common name: Satirido Confuso
     (Range: from Coquimbo to Valdivia, where it is common in a variety of habitats)
  632. Neomaenas monarchus  ______  CH  (WGC:101)
    MONACHUS SATYR
     CH common name: Satirido Monacal
  633. Neomaenas fractifascia  ______  CH
    CH common name: Satirido Rojizo
     (Range: from Nuble to Valdivia, in places with bamboo thickets; it can be common)

    Genus AUCA
  634. Auca pales  ______  AR CH  (WGC:101)
    PALE SATYR
     CH common name: Satirido Palido
     (Range: from Santiago in Chile to southern Argentina; can be common)
      
  635. Auca coctei  ______  CH
    COCTEI SATYR
     CH common name: Satirido Coctel
     (Range: in Chile, from Coquimbo to Aisen)

    Genus ELINA
  636. Elina montroli  ______  CH  (WGC:102)
    MATORRAL SATYR
     CH common name: Satirido Grande del Matorral
     (Range: in Chile, from Valparaiso to Valdivia, in matorral)
  637. Elina vanessoides  ______  CH  (WGC:102)
    CH common name: Satirido Danzarino
     (Range: in Chile, from Concepcion to Isla Chiloe, in Nothofagus forest)

    Genus NELIA
  638. Nelia nemyroides  ______  CH
    CH common name: Satitido del Sotobosque
         (Range: in Chile, from Cachapoal to Llanquihue, in Chusquea bamboo understory where it can be common) 
     

    Family HEDYLIDAE:  AMERICAN MOTH-BUTTERFLIES  (or BUTTERFLY MOTHS)

         The HEDYLIDAE is an extant sister group of the butterfly sister families PAPILIONOIDES (the SWALLOWTAILS) and HESPERIOIDES (the SKIPPERS).
    They have previously been treated as a tribe of GEOMETRIDAE moths.
    They have also been thought to be an unrecognized group of butterflies, and in 2005 a study actually placed them with the butterflies based upon molecular data.

    The 35 currently recognized species in HEDYLIDAE, all in the genus Macrosoma, are entirely Neotropical, ranging from central Mexico south to southwestern Brazil. They also occur in the Caribbean region in Jamaica, Cuba, and Trinidad.

    Genus MACROSOMA
  639. Macrosoma subornata  ______  EC


         Family CASTNIIDAE:  GIANT BUTTERFLY MOTHS
  640. Castnia psittachus  ______  CH
     CASTNID BUTTERFLY MOTH
     CH common name: Mariposa del Chagual




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