PO Box 9021, Wilmington, DE 19809, USA E-mail: font@focusonnature.com Phone: Toll-free in USA 1-800-721-9986  or 302/529-1876

Desert Plants
& some others in 
nearby habitats

in the Western US
& Northern Mexico 

with those during 
FONT Birding & Nature Tours
thru 2011
noted with an (*) 

during the months of January, July,
August, & September


The following list compiled by Armas Hill 

Photo at right:  
OCOTILLO, Fouquieria splendens
during a FONT tour in Sonora, Mexico  
(photograph by Doris Potter) 


FONT tours in the deserts of the western US & northern Mexico have been in Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, & Texas in the US, and in Sonora in Mexico.         

In the list that follows, below the scientific names are names in English (E:) & Spanish (S:)
The families in the list are given (mostly) in alphabetical order, and genera within them are given alphabetically as well. 
Families that are "break-offs" from other families  follow them, may be out of alphabetical order.  


Links to some Plant Families in this List

Agave & Yucca Family - Agavaceae  (said to be part of the Lily Family - Liliaceae)

Aster & Sunflower Family - Asteraceae (or Compositae)

Cacti Family - Cactaceae

Evening Primrose Family - Onagraceae

Legume, or Pea Family - Fabaceae  (including, among others, Acacias, Lupines, Palo Verdes, Mesquites, Mimosas)   

Lily Family - Liliaceae

Milkweed Family - Asciepiadaceae   

Morning Glory Family - Convolvulaceae

Poppy Family - Papaveraceae

Snapdragon, or Figwort Family - Scrophulariaceae

Vervain (Verbana) Family - Verbenaceae
   

Codes:

(T):  categorized as a tree
(S):  categorized as a shrub
(W): categorized as a wildflower  


CD:   in the Chihuahuan Desert  (in Mexico & the US)
GD:   in the Great Basin Desert  (in the US)
PD:   in the Painted Desert (in the US) 
         (said by some to be a southern part of the Great Basin Desert)   
MD:   in the Mohave Desert  (in the US) 
SD:   in the Sonoran Desert  (in the US & Mexico)

(ph):  species with a photo in the FONT web-site

FOLLOWING THIS LIST ARE OTHERS OF 

TREES, FLOWERS, & OTHER PLANTS IN HIGHER COUNTRY NEAR THE DESERTS: 
THE FLORA OF "ISLANDS IN THE SKY"

AND 

DESERT GRASSES


Other Links:  

Information about Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours:  in North America  
by month in:    2012    2013    or:  by geographic locations worldwide 

Noting those found during FONT Birding & Nature Tours: 
 
Birds in:    Arizona    California    Colorado    Texas    Sonora, Mexico

Mammals:    Arizona    California    Colorado    Texas    Mexico

Amphibians & Reptiles in:    Arizona    Texas    Mexico

Butterflies in:    Arizona    Texas    Mexico 

Directory of Photos in this Website

     A List of Desert Plants of the western US & northern Mexico:

       
      Family ACANTHACEAE  (Acanthus)


         Genus ANISACANTHUS

1. Anisacanthus thurberi  ______
   E: Desert Honeysuckle
   
   Anisacanthus thurberi is a host plant for the butterfly: TEXOLA ELADA, Elada Checkerspot.
    
   
   Genus JUSTICIA
   
   
2. Justicia californica  ______    
   E: Chuparosa, Beleperone  (also called "Hummingbird Bush")
   S: Chuparosa, Beleperone
   
   Justicia californica is a host plant for the butterfly: DYMASIA DYMAS, Tiny Checkerspot.
     
   
   Genus STENANDRIUM
   
   
3. Stenandrium barbatum  ______
   E: Shaggy Tuft
   
   
   Family AGAVACEAE  (Agaves)
   
   
   Genus AGAVE
   
   
4. Agave deserti  ______  SD
   E: Desert Agave
   S: Amul 
   
   
5. Agave havardiana  ______  CD
   E: Havard Agave  (also called Big Bend Agave, or Century Plant)
   
   
6. Agave lecheguilla  ______  CD
   E: Lechuguilla
   S: Lechuguilla  (a Spanish diminutive for lettuce) 
   
   
7. Agave murpheyi  ______  SD
   E: Hohokam Agave, Murphey's Agave
   S: Maguey  (a general name for many agaves) 
   : 
   
8. Agave palmeri  ______
   E: Palmer's Century Plant  (or Mescal)
   
   
9. Agave parryi  ______  CD
   E: Parry Agave
   
   
10. Agave schottii ______  SD  
    E: Shindagger
    S: Amole, Maguey, Amolillo 
    
    
11. Agave pelona ______ SD 
    E: none
    S: Mescal Pelon ("Bald Agave")
    
    
12. Agave utahensis  ______  GD
    E: Utah Agave
    
    The Utah Agave is found in dense populations where Utah, Arizona, and Nevada come together.
    
    
13. Agave zebra  ______  SD 
    E: Zebra Agave
    S: none 
    
    
    Genus YUCCA  (& HESPEROYUCCA)  (T/W)
    
    
    
    
    Yucca
    (photo by Doris Potter)
    
    
14. Yucca angustissima  ______  GD, MD
    Narrow-leaved Yucca  (resembles the Navajo Yucca)
    
    
15. Yucca arizonica  (formerly Yucca baccata arizonica) ______  SD
    E: Blue Yucca, Spanish Bayonet
    S: Datil ("date"), Palma Criolla ("creole or native palm")
    
    
16. Yucca baccata  ______  
    E: Banana Yucca, Blue Yucca, Datil
    
    
17. Yucca brevifolia  ______  MD
    E: Joshua Tree
    
    
18. Yucca carnerosana  ______  CD
    E: Giant Dagger
    
    
19. Yucca elata  ______  CD,SD 
    E: Soaptree Yucca
    S: Palmilla, Palmito, Soyate, Cortadillo 
    
    
20. Yucca harrimaniae  ______  
    E: Harriman Yucca
    
    
21. Yucca navajoa (or Y. baileyi)  ______  PD
    E: Navajo Yucca
    
    
22. Yucca rostrata  ______  CD
    E: Beaked Yucca
    
    
23. Yucca schidigera  ______  MD
    E: Mohave Yucca  (or Spanish Dagger)
    
    
24. Yucca torreyi  ______  CD
    E: Torrey Yucca 
    
    
25. Hesperoyucca (or Yucca) whipplei  ______  SD
    E: Whipple Yucca (or Spanish Bayonet, Our Lord's Candle, Chaparral Yucca)
    S: Sotolillo, Lechugilla, Quiote
    
    
    Family NOLINACEAE (formerly AGAVACEAE and LILIACEAE)  (Nolinas)  
    
    
    Genus DASYLIRION
    
     
26. Dasylirion leiophyllum  ______  CD
    E: Chihuahuan Sotol
    
    
27. Dasylirion wheeleri  ______  SD
    E: Desert Spoon
    S: Sotol ("Sotole" is a palm), Sano 
    
    
    Genus NOLINA   (with a total of 25 species, in the southwest US & northwest Mexico) 
    
    
28. Nolina bigelovii  ______  SD
    E: Nolina, Bear Grass
    S: Yuca, Sotol, Palmita
    
    
29. Nolina erumpens  ______  CD
    E: Foothill Basket Grass
    S: Mesa Sacahuista
    
    
30. Nolina microcarpa  ______
    E: Bear Grass  (a common name also had by other members of this genus)  
    
    
31. Nolina parryi  ______  (on dry brushy slopes in southern California)
    E: Parry's Nolina
    
    
    Family AIZOACEAE  (Fig Marigolds, or Carpet-weeds)
    
    
    Genus SESUVIUM
    
    
32. Sesvium verrucosum  ______  CD  MD  SD  (scattered throughout the hot deserts of North America)
    E: Western Sea Purslane
    
    Sesvium verrucosum is a host plant for the butterfly: BREPHIDIUM EXILE, Western Pygmy Blue.
     
    
    Family AMARANTHACEAE  (S)  (closely related to CHENOPODIACEAE, the Goosefoots)
    
    
    Genus KRASCHENINNIKOVIA
    
    
33. Krascheninnikovia (has been Ceratoides & Eurotia) lanata  (ph)   ______  GD   
    E: Winterfat, Lamb's Tail, "Sweet-sage" or "White-sage" (although neither a sage nor a sagebrush)
    
    
    
    
    Winterfat, Krascheninnikovia lanata
    (photo by Doris Potter)
    
    
    The genus name honors the Russian botanist S. P. Krasscheninnikov. Winterfat occurs in Eurasia and in western North America.
    It is a woody shrub recognized by its whitish gray foliage and a characteristic wooly appearance in the late summer. 
    The plant is a nutritious winter browse for wildlife. It is cold hardy to 0 degrees F, and very drought tolerant, and it is especially suited to growing at higher elevations , since it must have cool nights to thrive.
    
    
    Genus TIDESTROMIA
    
    
34. Tidestromia lanuginosa  ______  (an annual)
    E: Honeysweet
    
    
35. Tidestromia oblongifolia  ______  (a perennial)
    E: Honeysweet
    
    
    Family ANACARDIACEAE  (Sumacs)
    
    
    Genus RHUS
    
    
36. Rhus chlorophylla  ______
    E: Evergreen Sumac
    
    
37. Rhus trilobata  ______
    E: Skunkbush
    
    
38. Rhus virens  ______
    E: Tobacco Sumac 
    
    
    Family APOCYNACEAE  (Dogbanes)
    
    
    Genus AMSONIA
    
    
39. Amsonia tomentosa  ______
    E: Blue-Star
    
    
    Genus MACROSIPHONIA
    
    
40. Macrosiphonia  macrosiphon  ______  CD
    E: Rock-Trumpet  
    
    
    Family ARACACEAE  (PALMAE)  (Palms)  (T)
    
    
    Genus BRABEA
    
    
41. Brabea (spp.)  ______  SD
    E: Hesper Palm
    S: Palma Ceniza  ("Ashy Palm")
    
    
42. Brabea armata  ______  SD
    E: Blue Palm
    S: Palma Azul  ("Blue Palm") 
    
    
    Genus WASHINGTONIA
    
    
43. Washingtonia filifera ______  SD
    E: Desert Palm  (or California Fan Palm)
    S: Palma de Castilla, Palma de Abanico ("Fan Palm")   
    
    Washington filifera is a desert species only in the sense that it grows within desert boundaries. It is a relict species from a time when what is now a desert was an area receiving abundant rain and was covered by a tropical forest. Today, the Desert Palm grows only around springs and along streams.   
    
    
44. Washingtonia robusta ______  SD
    E: Mexican Fan Palm
    S: Palma Colorada ("Red-brown Palm"), Palma Blanca ("White Palm") 
    
    
    Family AMARYLLIDACEAE
    
    
    Genus ZEPHYRANTHES  
    
    
45. Zephyranthes longifolia  ______     
    E: Rain Lily
    
    "Zephyranthes" means "flowers of the west wind". Flowers appear very soon after substantial rains.    
    
    
    Family APIACEAE  (Parsleys)
    
    
    Genus CYMOPTERIS
    
    
46. Cymopteris acaulis  ______  CD  GD  PD
    E: Plains Spring-Parsley
    
    
47. Cymopteris montanum  ______  CD
    E: Mountain Spring-Parsley
    
    
48. Cymopteris purpurascens  ______  GD  MD  PD  SD
    E: Widespring Spring-Parsley 
    
    
    Genus ERYNGIUM
    
    
49. Eryngium heterophyllum  ______
    E: Mexican Thistle
    
    
    Genus LOMATIUM
    
    
50. Lomatium mohavense  ______  (similar to the Mountain Spring-Parsley) 
    (similar to the Mountain Spring-Parsley) 
    E: Mojave Desert-Parsley  
    
    
    Family ASCLEPIADACEAE  (Milkweeds)
    
    
    Genus ASCLEPIAS 
    
    
51. Asclepias albicans  ______  (dry rocky places in deserts) 
    E: White-stemmed Milkweed, Wax Milkweed
    
    Asciepias albicans is a host plant for the butterfly: DANAUS GILIPPUS, Queen.
    
    
52. Asclepias brachystephana  ______  CD
    E: Short-crowned Milkweed 
    
    
53. Asclepias cryptocerax  ______
    E: Pallid Milkweed
    
    
54. Asclepias erosa  ______  MD  SD
    E: Desert Milkweed
    
    Asciepias erosa is a host plant for the butterflies: DANAUS GILIPPUS, Queen, DANAUS PLEXIPPUS, Monarch.
     
    
55. Asclepias nyctaginifolia  ______  MD
    E: Mojave Milkweed
    
    
56. Asclepias rusbyi  ______  PD
    E: Rusby Milkweed
    
    
57. Asclepias subverticillata  ______
    E: Poison Milkweed, Horsetail Milkweed
    
    Asciepias subverticillata is a host plant for the butterfly: DANAUS PLEXIPPUS, Monarch. 
    
    
58. Asclepias tuberosa  ______
    E: Butterfly Weed, Orange Milkweed, Chiggerflower 
    
    Asciepias tuberosa is a host plant for the butterflies: DANAUS GILIPPUS, Queen, DANAUS PLEXIPPUS, Monarch. 
    
    
    Genus SARCOSTEMMA 
    
    
59. Sarcostemma cynanchoides  ______
    E: Climbing Milkweed
    
    Sarcostemma cynanchoides is a host plant for the butterfly: DANAUS GILIPPUS, Queen. 
    
    
    Family ARISTOLOCHIACEAE  (Pipevines)
    
    
    Genus ARISTOLOCHIA
    
    
60. Aristolochia watsonii  ______  SD  (from southern Arizona & adjacent Mexico south to the tip of Baja California) 
    E: Southwestern Pipevine  (also called Indian Root, Snakeroot, Birthwort)
    S: Hierba del Indio ("Indian Herb"), Guaco 
    
    Aristolochia watsonii is a host plant for the butterfly: BATTUS PHILENOR, Pipevine Swallowtail. 
    
    
    
    
    A Pipevine Swallowtail photographed during the August 2010 FONT tour in Arizona  
    (photo by Marie Gardner)
    
    
    
    Family ASTERACEAE (or COMPOSITAE)  (Asters, Sunflowers) 
    
    With about 1,100 genera & 20,000 species in this large, worldwide family; making this and the Orchid Family (ORCHIDACEAE) the two largest plant families.
    
    Various species in the ASTER family are host plants for the butterflies: PHYCIODES BATESII, Tawny Crescent, PHYCIODES SELENIS, North Crescent. 
    
    
    Genus ACAMPTOPAPPUS 
    
    
61. Acamptopappus shockleyi  ______  MD GD  (in rocky mesas and mountain slopes)
    E: Goldenhead
    
    
62. Acamptopappus sphaerocephalus  ______  MD SD  (in rocky mesas and mountain slopes)
    E: Rayless Goldenhead
     
    
    Genus ACHILLEA
    
    
63. Achillea millefolium  ______
    E: Yarrow, Milfoil
        
    
    Genus ADENOPHYLLUM (or DYSSODIA)
    
    
64. Adenophyllum cooperi  ______  MD SD  (abundant in sandy flats and washes)
    E: Orange Glandweed
    
    
65. Adenophyllum porophylloides  ______  SD  (abundant in sandy flats and washes)
    E: Sonoran Glandweed 
    
    
    Genus AMBROSIA
    
    
66. Ambrosia ambrosioides  ______  SD  
    E: Bursage, Canyon Ragweed
    S: Chicura 
    
    
67. Ambrosia deltoidea  ______  SD   
    E: Triangleleaf Bursage, Burrobush, Rabbitbush
    S: Estafiate   
     
     
68. Ambrosia dumosa  ______  SD  
    E: White Bursage, Burrobush
    S: Chicurilla, Hierba del Burro ("Burro Herb"), Huizapol
    
    
    Genus ANISOCOMA
    
    
69. Anisocoma acaulis  ______  MD SD  (widely distributed; prefers sandy soils, especially washes) 
    E: Scale-Bud
    
    
    Genus ARTEMISIA  
    
    
70. Artemisia spinescens  ______  GD  MD  PD
    E: Budsage  (or Spiny Sagebrush)  
    
    
71. Artemisia tridentata  ______  GD
    E: Sagebrush  (or Tall Sagebrush) 
    
    
    Genus ASTER
    
    
72. Aster spinosus  ______  CD
    E: Mexican Devilweed  
    
    
    Genus ATRICHOSERIS
    
    
73. Atrichoseris platyphylla  ______  (in sandy, desert washes)
    E: Tobacco Weed, Parachute Plant  (also called Gravel Ghost)
    
    
    Genus BACCHARIS
    
    
74. Baccharis sarothroides  ______  SD
    E: Desert Broom  (or Broom Baccharis)
    S: Romerillo ("Rosemary"), Escoba Amarga ("Bitter Broom"), Hierba del Pasmo  
    
    
    Genus BAILEYA
    
    
75. Baileya multiradiata  ______  CD SD
    E: Desert Marigold
    S: Hierba Amarilla ("Yellow Herb")  
    
    
    Genus BEBBIA
    
    
76. Bebbia juncea  ______  SD 
    E: Chuckwalla's Delight  (or "Sweetbush")
    S: Chuparosa ("sucked" by insects for nectar), Junco (generic name for "rushes")  
    
    
    Genus BERLANDIERA 
    
    
77. Berlandiera lyrata  ______  (in grassy areas in gravelly or rocky soil; common along roadsides)  
    E: Greeneyes, Chocolate Flower
    
    
    Genus BRICKELLIA
    
    
78. Brickellia grandiflora  ______
    E: Large-flowered Brickelbush
    
    
    Genus CALYCOSERIS
    
    
79. Calycoseris wrightii  ______  CD  MD  SD
    E: White Tack-Stem 
    
    
    Genus CHAENACTIS
    
    
80. Chaenactis carphoclinia  ______
    E: Pebble Pincushion
    
    
81. Chaenactis douglasii  ______  GD
    E: Douglas Pincushion
    
    
82. Chaenactis fremontii  ______  MD SD
    E: Desert Pincushion
    
    
83. Chaenactis steviodes  ______  GD
    E: Stevia Pincushion, Esteve's Pincushion  (other common names are: False Yarrow, Broad-leaved Chaenactis) 
    
    Chaenactis steviodes is closely related to the Desert Pincushion, and often goes by the same name.
    
    There are several Chaenactis species with white flowers.
    
    
    Genus CHRYSACTINIA
    
    
84. Chrysactinia mexicana  ______  CD (especially in Mexico)
    S: Damianita 
    
    
    Genus CHRYSOTHAMNUS   (S)
    
    
85. Chrysothamnus albidus  ______  GD  MD  PD  (in alkaline flats)
    E: Alkali Rabbitbrush
    
    
86. Chrysothamnus greeniii  ______  PD
    E: Green Rabbitbrush
    
    
87. Chrysothamnus nauseosus  (ph)  ______  GD  (in dry open areas with sagebrush) 
    E: Rubber Rabbit Brush
    
    
    
    
    Rubber Rabbit Brush
    (photo by Doris Potter)
    
    
    Some races of the Rubber Rabbit Brush are light green; others have silvery hairs. The Navajos obtained a yellow dye from the flower heads.   
    
    Including all the subspecies and varieties, perhaps as many as 20, the Rubber Rabbit Brush ranges from Canada to Mexico, inhabiting all the arid and semiarid ecosystems of western North America.  
    
    
88. Chrysothamnus panicularus  ______  MD SD  (in washes and on gravelly slopes)
    E: Desert Rabbitbrush
    
    
89. Chrysothamnus visciciflorus  ______  GD
    E: Sticky Rabbitbrush
    
    
    Genus CIRSIUM 
    
    
    Species in the CIRSIUM genus are host plants for the butterfly: PHYCIODES PALLIDA, Pale Crescent.
    
    
90. Cirsium mohavense  ______  MD
    E: Mojave Thistle
    
    
91. Cirsium neomexicanum  ______  GD  MD  PD  SD
    E: Desert Thistle
    
    Cirsium neomexicanum is a host plant for the butterfly: VANESSA CANDUI, Painted Lady.  
    
    
92. Cirsium ochrocentrum  ______
    E: Yellow-spine Thistle
    
    
93. Cirsium texanum  ______  CD
    E: Texas Thistle
    
    
    Genus COREOPSIS
    
    
94. Coreopsis bigelovii  ______  (in California deserts)
    E: Bigelow Tickseed
    
    
95. Coreopsis californica  ______  MD
    E: California Tickseed 
    
    
96. Coreopsis calliopsidea  ______
    E: Showy Tickseed
    
    
    Genus ENCELIA
    
    
97. Encelia farinosa  ______  SD
    E: Brittlebush
    S: Incienso, Rama Blanca ("White Branch"), Hierba de las Animas (Herb of the Souls")
    
    In full flower, Brittlebushes seems a solid mass of brilliant yellow. The stems exude a fragrant resin that was chewed by Native Americans and used as incense in churches in Baja California, hence the name "Incienso".  
    
    
98. Encelia frutescens  ______  
    E: Rayless Encelia
    
    
    Genus ENCELIOPSIS
    
    
99. Enceliopsis nudicaulis  ______  GD MD PD  (found among desert brush)
    E: Naked-stem Sunray
    
    
100. Enceliopsis nutans  ______  PD
     E: Painted Desert Sunray
     
     
     Genus ERICAMERIA (or HAPLOPAPPUS)
     
     
101. Ericameria lineaarifolia  ______
     E: Mojave Goldenbush
      
     
     Genus ERIGERON
     
     
102. Erigeron divergens  ______  (in open, sandy areas in deserts; one of a number of similar species)
     E: Spreading Fleabane
     
     
     
     
     Spreading Fleabane
     (photographed by Rise Hill during a FONT tour in Arizona) 
     
     
103. Erigeron modestus  ______  CD
     E: Plains Fleabane
     
     
104. Erigeron utahensis  ______  PD
     E: Utah Daisy 
     
     
     Genus ERIOPHYLLUM
     
     
105. Eriophyllum ambiguum  ______  MD
     E: Yellow Frocks
     
     
106. Eriophyllum lanosum  ______
     E: White-ray Woolly Sunflower
     
     
107. Eriophyllum pringlei  ______  MD
     E: Pringle Woolly Sunflower 
     
     
108. Eriophyllum wallacei  ______  (in sandy deserts)
     E: Wallace Woolly Sunflower  (has also been called Desert-Gold or Woolly Daisy)
     
     
     
     
     Wallace Woolly Sunflower, photographed during the August 2010 tour
     in southern Arizona
     (photo by Risë Hill)
     
     
     Genus GAILLARDIA
     
     
109. Gaillardia arizonica  ______
     E: Arizona Blanketflower
     
     
110. Gaillardia pulchella  ______  (in sandy plains and deserts; common along roadsides)
     E: Texas Indian Blanket  (or "Blanket Flower", or "Firewheel")
     
     Gaillardia pulchella is a host plant for the butterfly: CLOSYNE LACINIA, Bordered Patch.
       
     
111. Gaillardia spathulata  ______
     E: Utah Blanketflower    
     
     
     Genus GERAEA
     
     
112. Geraea canescens  ______  (in sandy, barren, flat deserts)
     E: Desert Sunflower
     
     
     Genus GLYPTOPLEURA
     
     
113. Glyptopleura marginata  ______  GD  MD
     E: Crustleaf 
     
     
     Genus GRINDELIA 
     
     
114. Grindelia squarrosa  ______
     E: Curly Gumweed  (or Curlycup Gumweed, or Stickyheads)
     
     
     Genus GUTIERREZIA
     
     
115. Gutierrezia sarothrae  ______
     E: Snakeweed, Marchweed, Marchbush 
     
     
     Genus HELIANTHUS
     
     
116. Helianthus annuus  ______
     E: Common Sunflower
     S: Mirasol  ("looks at the sun")  (the flowers follow the sun each day, facing east in the morning and west at sunset)
     
     Helianthus annuus is a host plant for the butterflies: CHLOSYNE CALIFORNICA, California Patch, CHLOSYNE LACINIA, Bordered Patch, VANESSA CARDUI, Painted Lady. 
     
     
     
     
     Common Sunflowers photographed during the FONT tour in northern Arizona in August 2010
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
117. Helianthus petiolaris  ______  PD
     E: Prairie Sunflower
     
     
     Genus HETEROTHECA
     
     
118. Heterotheca villosa  ______
     E: Golden Aster
     
     
     Genus HYMENOCLEA
     
     
119. Hymenoclea salsola  ______
     E: Cheese Bush  (or Burro Bush)
     
     
     Genus HYMENOPAPPUS
     
     
120. Hymenopappus filifolius  ______
     E: Hyaline Herb
     
     
     Genus HYMENOXYS
     
     
121. Hymenoxys acaulis  ______  CD  GD  MD  PD  SD
     E: Stemless Bitterweed
     
     
122. Hymenoxys depressa  ______  (in high desert in central Utah)
     E: Cushion Bitterweed
     
     
     Genus ISOCOMA
     
     
123. Isocoma wrightii  (or Haplopappus heterophyllus)
     E: Jimmyweed
     
     
     Genus LAYIA
     
     
124. Layia glandulosa  ______  
     E: White Tidytips
     
     
     Genus LASTHENIA
     
     
125. Lasthenia californica  ______
     E: Goldfields
     
     
     Genus LEUCELENE
     
     
126. Leucelene ericoides  ______
     E: Rose Heath
     
     
     Genus LIATRIS
     
     
127. Liatris punctata  ______  (in dry open places, and among pinons and junipers; often in sandy soil) 
     E: Dotted Gayfeather
     
     
     Genus MACHAERANTHERA
     
     
128. Machaeranthera bigelovii  (ph)  ______  (in plains & openings in coniferous forest)
     E: Bigelow Aster (or Sticky Aster)
     
     
     
     
     Bigelow Aster
     (photo by Doris Potter)
     
     
     The Sticky Aster is a wildflower of the late summer, often coloring entire banks and roadsides with vibrant purple. In the afternoon, as flower heads become shaded, the rays fold upward in the "sleep position".
     The Sticky Aster resembles true asters (Aster), but has spiny or divided leaves.   
     
     
129. Machaernathera canescens  ______  
     E: Hoary Aster
     
     
130. Machaeranthera gracilis  ______
     E: Slender Goldenweed
     
     Machaeranthera gracilis has the lowest chromosome number known in plants, with only 4 chromosomes in each cell. Most plants have 14 to 30. 
     
     
131. Machaeranthera grindelioides  ______  GD  PD
     E: Gumweed Aster
     
     
132. Machaeranthera pinnatifida  ______  (was once known as Haplopappus spinulosus; this plant has perplexed botantists, Haplopappus is, more strictly, a South American genus)
     E: Cut-leaf Goldenweed  (has been called Yellow Spiny Daisy)
     
     
133. Machaeranthera tanacetifolia  ______
     E: Tansy-Leaf Aster  (has been called Tahoka Daisy)
     
     
     Genus MADIA  ("Madia" is a Chilean name for a species once grown for the oil in its seeds) 
     
     
134. Madia elegans  ______
     E: Common Madia
     
     
     Genus MALACOTHRIX
     
     
135. Malacothrix coulteri  ______  MD
     E: Snake's-Head
     
     
136. Malacothrix glabrata  ______
     E: Desert Dandelion
     
     
137. Malacothrix torreyi  ______  GD
     E: Torrey Malacothrix
     
     
     Genus MELAMPODIUM 
     
     
138. Melampodium leucanthemum  ______  CD  SD
     E: Blackfoot Daisy  (or Plains Blackfoot) 
     
     
     Genus MONOPTILON
     
     
139. Monoptilon bellioides  ______  MD
     E: Desert Star
     
     
140. Monoptilon bellidiforme  ______
     E: Daisy Desert Star
     
     
     Genus PALAFOXIA
     
     
141. Palafoxia arida  ______  MD  SD
     E: Spanish Needle
     
     
142. Palafoxia sphacelata  ______  CD
     E: Chihuahuan Palafoxia  (or Showy Palafoxia) 
     
     
     Genus PECTIS
     
     
143. Pectis papposa  ______
     E: Chinchweed
     
     
144. Pectis angustifolia  ______  CD
     S: Limincillo
     
     
     Genus PLUCHEA
     
     
145. Pluchea sericea  ______  CD  GD  MD  PD  SD  (grows in springs and along waterways, often forming dense thickets)  
     E: Arrowweed
     
     
     Genus PSATHYROTES
     
     
146. Psathyrotes ramosissima  ______  MD  SD
     E: Desert Velvet  (or "Turtle-back")
     
     
     Genus PSILOSTROPHE 
     
     
147. Psilostrophe cooperi  ______
     E: White-stemmed Paperflower
     
     
     Genus RAFINESQUIA
     
     
148. Rafinesquia neomexicana  ______
     E: Desert Chicory  (or Plumeseed)
     
     
     Genus RATIBIDA
     
     
149. Ratibida columnifera  ______  (primarily a prairie species that ranges westward into the deserts)
     E: Prairie Coneflower  (or "Mexican Hat")
     
     
     Genus SENECIO  (nearly 100 species in this genus occur in the western US)
     
     
150. Senecio bigelovii  ______
     E: Nodding Groundsel 
     
     
151. Senecio douglasii  ______   CD  PD
     E: Thread-leaf Groundset
     
     Senecio douglasii is sometimes placed in the species S. flaccidus. it is a distinctive plant with bright yellow heads and white-woolly leaves and stems.    
     
     
152. Senecio flaccidus  ______
     E: Thread-leaf Groundsel
     
     
153. Senecio multilobatus  ______  GD  PD
     E: Great Basin Groundset
     
     
     Genus STEPHANOMERIA
     
     
154. Stephanomeria exigua  ______  CD  GD  MD  PD  SD
     E: Annual Wire-Lettuce
     
     
     Genus SYNTRICHOPAPPUS
     
     
155. Syntrichopappus fremontii  ______  MD  SD
     E: Fremont Xerasid 
     
     
     Genus TAGETES
     
     
156. Tagetes lemmonii  ______  (in the desert mountains of southern Arizona)
     E: Lemmon Marigold
     
     
     Genus TETRADYMIA
     
     
157. Tetradymia glabrata  ______  GD  MD  PD
     E: Little-leaf Horsebrush
     
     
158. Tetradymia spinosa  ______  GD  MD  PD
     E: Thorny Horsebrush 
     
     
     Genus THELESPERMA
     
     
159. Thelesperma subnudum  ______  PD
     E: Navajo Tea
     
     
     Genus THYMOPHYLLA
     
     
160. Thymophylla (formerly Dyssodia) pentachaeta  ______
     E: Five-needle Fetid Marigold
     S: Parralena
     
     Five-needle Fetid Marigold frequently grows near Creosote Bush (Larrea tridentata) and Snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae), or among pinon and juniper.
     
     
161. Thymophyila (formerly Dyssodia) acerosa  ______
     E: Prickly Fetid Marigold 
     
     
     Genus TOWNSENDIA
     
     
162. Townsendia florifer  ______  GD
     
     
163. Townsendia incana  ______  PD
     E: Hoary Ground Daisy
     
     
     Genus TRICHOPTILIUM
     
     
164. Trichoptilium incisum  ______  MD  SD
     E: Yellow-head 
     
     
     Genus TRIXIS
     
     
165. Trixis californica  ______  CD  SD  (on rocky desert slopes)
     E: Trixis
     S: Plumilla ("Little Feather"), Arnica
     
     
     Genus VERBESINA
     
     
166. Verbesina encelioides  (ph)  ______  CD GD
     E: Golden Crownbeard  (or Cowpen Daisy)
     
     Verbesina encelioides is a host plant for the butterfly: CLOSYNE LACINIA, Bordered Patch.  
     
     
     
     
     Golden Crownbeard, or Cowpen Daisy
     (photo by Doris Potter)
     
     
     
     Bordered Patch on a Cowpen Daisy
     (photo by Doris Potter) 
     
     
     Genus VIGUIERA
     
     
167. Viguiera parishii  ______  MD SD  (most abundant in the Yuma Desert of southwest Arizona)
     E: Parish Goldeneye
     
     
     Genus WYETHIA
     
     
168. Wyethia scabra  ______
     E: Rough Mule's-Ears
     
     
     Genus XYLORHIZA  (with a woody base, "Xylorhiza" means "woody base")
     
     
169. Xylorhiza tortifolia  ______  MD
     E: Mohave Woody Aster
     
     
170. Xylorhiza venusta  ______  PD  (endemic to the Painted Desert)
     E: Cisco Woody Aster
     
     
171. Xylorhiza wrightii  ______  CD
     E: Big Bend Aster
     
     
     Genus ZINNIA  (the genus is named for Johann Zinn, an 18th-century German professor who collected seeds in Mexico of Zinnia elegans, from which the Golden Zinnia descends) 
     
     
172. Zinnia acerosa  ______  CD  (ranges westward into Arizona)
     E: Desert Zinnia
     
     
173. Zinnia grandiflora  ______   
     E: Showy Zinnia  (or Little Golden Zinnia)   
     
     
     Family BERBERIDACEAE  (Barberries)
     
     
     Genus BERBERIS
     
     
174. Berberis fremontii  ______
     E: Desert Barberry
     
     
175. Berberis haematocarpa  ______  CD  SD
     E: Red Barberry
     
     
     Family BIGNONIACEAE  (Trumpet Creepers, Bigonias) 
     
     
     Genus CHILOPSIS  (T)
     
     
176. Chilopsis linearis  ______  SD  (along desert washes)    
     E: Desert Willow  (or "Desert Catalpa")
     S: Mimbre ("wicker"), Jano
     
     The habitat and resemblance of the leaves of Chilopsis linearis to those of the willows, gives the Desert Willow it common name, but there is no taxonomic relationship between them. 
     
     
     Genus TECOMA
     
     
177. Tecoma stans  ______  (ranges from southeast Arizona into Texas, but seldom abundant)  
     E: Yellow Trumpet Flower
     
     
     Family BORAGINACEAE  (Borages)
     
     
     Genus AMSINCKIA  (Fiddlenecks)
     
     
178. Amsinckia menziesii  ______  
     E: Rancher's Fireweed 
     
     
179. Amsinckia tessellata  ______
     E: Devil's Lettuce
     
     
     Genus CRYPTANTHA
     
     
180. Cryptantha sp.  ______
     E: "White Cryptantha"  
     
     Numerous "White Cryptantha" grow in North American deserts, separable only by technical characteristics. Many are dinky plants with small flowers and go unnoticed, but a few are showy.
     
     
181. Cryptantha confertiflora  ______  MD  PD
     E: Golden Cryptantha
     
     
182. Cryptantha flava  ______
     E: Yellow Cryptantha
     
     
     Genus HELIOTROPIUM
     
     
183. Heliotropium convulvulaceum  ______
     E: Sweet-scented Heliotrope
     
     
184. Heliotropium curassavicum  ______  (grows in saline areas, with greasewood and other salt-tolerant shrubs)
     E: Salt Heliotrope  (or "Quail Plant")
     S: Cola de Mico  (means "monkey tail", describing the coiled flower cluster)
     
     The Quail Plant is so-called after the birds that feed on its fruit.
     
     
185. Heliotropium greggii  ______  CD
     E: Gregg's Heliotrope
     
     
     Genus LITHOSPERMUM
     
     
186. Lithospermum incisum  ______  
     E: Fringed Gromwell, Fringed Puccoon
     
     "Puccoon" is a Native American word for plants that yield dye.
     
     
     Genus MACROMERIA
     
     
187. Macromeria viridiflora  ______
     E: Green-flowered Macromeria
     
     
     Genus PLAGIOBOTHRYS
     
     
188. Plagiobothrys nothofulvus  ______
     E; Popcorn Flower 
     
     
     Genus TIQUILIA  (or COLDENIA)
     
     
189. Tiquilia greggii  ______  CD
     E: Gregg's Coldenia  (or Shrubby Tiquilia)
     
     
     Family BRASSICACEAE  (CRUCIFERAE)  (Mustards)
     
     
     Genus ARABIS
     
     
190. Arabis pulchra  ______  GD  MD  PD  SD
     E: Prince's Rockcress
     
     
     Genus CAULANTHUS
     
     
191. Caulanthus inflatus  ______  MD
     E: Desert Candle
     
     Caulanthus inflatus is an interesting cabbage-like plant. In the past, it was gathered and eaten by native Americans.  
     
     
192. Caulanthus pilosus  ______  GD
     E: Chocolate Drops
     
     
     Genus DIMORPHOCARPA  (or DITHYREA)
     
     
193. Dimorphocarpa californica  ______  SD  (in California)
     E: California Spectacle Pod
     
     
194. Dimorphocarpa wislizenii  ______  CD  GD  PD
     E: Spectacle Pod
     
     
     Genus ERYSIMUM
     
     
195. Erysimum capitatum  ______
     E: Western Wallflower
     
     The Western Wallflower is one of western North America's most striking wildflowers. It is also one of the most variable species, with a wide ecological tolerance.   
     
     
196. Erysimum asperum  ______
     E: Plains Wallflower
     
     
     Genus LEPIDIUM
     
     
197. Lepidum flavum  ______  
     E: Yellow Peppergrass
     
     
198. Lepidum fremonti  ______  SD
     E: Fremont's Peppergrass
     
     The Fremont's Peppergrass is the most showy of its kind, with white flowers resembling broad hearts.
     
     
199. Lepidum montanum  ______  (occurs in dry open areas, among Creosote Bush, sagebrush, pinon, and juniper)
     E: Western Peppergrass
     
     There are at least 15 races of Western Peppergrass, but any perennial, rather than bushy mustard with small white flowers is likely to be this species.   
     
     
200. Lepidum thurberi  ______  MD  SD
     E: Thurber's Peppergrass
     
     
     Genus LESQUERELLA
     
     
201. Lesquerella fendleri  ______
     E: Fendler's Bladderpod
     
     
202. Lesquerella tenella  ______
     E: Slender Bladderpod
     
     
     Genus NERISYRENIA
     
     
203. Nerisyrenia camporum  ______  (on limestone in deserts and arid grasslands)
     E: Velvety Nerisyrenia  
     
     The Velvety Nerisyrenia is the most common species of Mustard with large white flowers.
     
     
     Genus PHYSARIA
     
     
204. Physaria acutifolia  ______  PD
     
     
205. Physaria chambersii  ______  (grows in desert mountains of Nevada, northeast California, & northern Arizona) 
     
     
     Genus SCHOENCRAMBE  (or SISYMBRIUM)
     
     
206. Schoencrambe linearifolia  ______  
     E: Linear-leaf Sisymbrium
     
     
     Genus STANLEYA 
     
     
207. Stanleya elata  ______  GD  MD
     E: Desert Plume 
     
     
208. Stanleya pinnata  ______  GD  MD  PD  (in deserts and on plains, often in sagebrush)
     E: Golden Prince's Plume   
     
     
     Genus STREPTANTHELLA
     
     
209. Streptanthella longirostris  ______  MD  PD  SD  (most abundant in the Painted Desert)
     E: Long-beaked Twist-Flower
     
     
     Genus THELYPODIOPSIS
     
     
210. Thelypodiopsis divaricata  ______
     E: Yellow Thelypody
     
     
211. Thelypodiopsis howellii ______
     E: Howell's Thelypody
     
     
     Family BURSERACEAE  (Torchwoods)
     
     
     Genus BURSERA  
     
     
212. Bursera microphylla  ______  SD  
     E: Elephant Tree
     S: Torote Blanco, Copal, Palo Colorado ("Red Stick") 
     
     
     Family CACTACEAE  (Cacti)
     
     With about 140 genera and 2,000 species, nearly all found in warm arid parts of the Americas 
     
     
     Genus ARIOCARPUS
     
     
213. Ariocarpus fissuratus  ______  CD
     E: Living Rock Cactus
     
     
     Genus ASTROPHYTUM  
     
     
214. Astrophytum asterias  ______  (in south Texas and in Mexico in Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas) (US endangered; Texas endangered)
     E: Sea Urchin Cactus  (or "Sand Dollar" or "Star Cactus")  
     
     
     Genus BERGEROCACTUS 
     
     
215. Bergerocactus emoryi  ______  (in southern California & on some of the Channel Islands and in northwestern Baja Califonria)
     E: Velvet Cactus  (or "Golden Torch")
     
     
     Genus CARNEGIEA   
     
     
216. Carnegiea gigantea  (ph) (*)  ______  SD    
     E: Saguaro
     S: Saguaro 
     
     
     
     
     Saguaro, photographed during a FONT tour in Arizona
     (photo by Doris Potter)
     
     The White-winged Dove is a major pollinator of the flowers of the Saguaro. 
     
     
     Genus CORYPHANTHA
     
     
217. Coryphantha missouriensis  ______
     E: Nipple Cactus  
     
     
218. Coryphantha r. ramillosa  ______  (US threatened; Texas threatened)
     E: Bunched Cory Cactus 
     
     
219. Coryphantha recurvata  ______  SD
     E: Santa Cruz Beehive Cactus
     
     
220. Coryphantha robustispina  ______  SD
     E: Pineapple Cactus  (or Pima Pineapple Cactus) 
     
     
221. Coryphantha vivipara  ______  GD
     E: Pincushion Cactus 
     
     
     Genus CYLINDROPUNTIA  (included in OPUNTIA)
     
     
     Genus ECHINOCACTUS  
     
     
222. Echinocactus conoideus  (or Neolloydia texensis)  ______  CD
     E: Texas Cactus 
     
     
223. Echinocactus erectocentrus  ______  CD
     E: White-flowered Cactus
     
     
224. Echinocactus hamatacanthus  ______  CD
     E: Turk's Head (or Turk's head Cactus) (also called Eagle Claw or Blue Barrel)
     
     
225. Echinocactus horizonthalonius  ______  CD
     E: Devil's Head
     
     
226. Echinocactus intertextus  ______  CD
     E: Woven-spine Pineapple Cactus
     
     
227. Echinocactus mariposensis  ______  CD
     E: Mariposa Cactus  
     
     
228. Echinocactus polycephalus  ______  SD   
     E: Many-headed Barrel  
     
     
229. Echinocactus texensis  ______  CD
     E: Devil's Claw  (also called Horse Crippler)
     
     
230. Echinocactus tobuschii  ______  CD
     E: Tobusch Cactus  
     
     
231. Echinocactus unicinatus  ______  CD
     E: Catclaw Cactus
     
     
232. Echinocactus wislizeni  ______  CD
     E: Southwestern Barrel Cactus 
     
     
233. Echinocactus warnocki  ______  CD
     E: Warnock's Cactus
     
     
     Genus ECHINOCEREUS  (Hedgehog Cacti, Strawberry Cacti)    
     
     
234. Echinocereus bonkerae  ______  SD
     E: Bonker Hedgehog Cactus
     
     
235. Echinocereus brandegeei ______  SD    
     E: none   
     
     
236. Echinocereus c. chisosensis  ______  CD  (US threatened; Texas threatened)
     E: Chisos Mountain Hedgehog Cactus (or Chisos Pitaya)  
     
     
237. Echinocereus chloranthus  ______  CD
     E: Brown-flowered Cactus, Yellow-flowered Cactus  (two different subspecies)
     
     
238. Echinocereus davisii  (or Echinocereus viridiflorus davisii)  ______  (US endangered; Texas endangered)
     E: Davis's Green Pitaya
     
     
239. Echinocereus engelmannii  ______  SD
     E: Englemann's Hedgehog Cactus  (has also been called Calico Cactus, Strawberry Hedgehog)  
     
     
240. Echinocereus enneacanthus  ______  CD
     E: Strawberry Hedgehog Cactus  (has also been called Warty Hedgehog, Strawberry Cactus) (various subspecies)
     
       
241. Echinocereus fasciculatus  ______   SD  
     E: Robust Hedgehog Cactus    
     
     
242. Echinocereus fendleri  ______  SD
     E: Fendler's Hedgehog Cactus
     
     
243. Echinocereus ledingii  ______  SD
     E: Leding's Hedgehog Cactus
     
     
244. Echinocereus lloydii  ______  (was US endangered; was Texas endangered)
     E: Lloyd's Hedgehog Cactus
     
     
245. Echinocereus mojavensis  ______
     E: Mojave Hedgehog Cactus
     
     
246. Echinocereus nicholii  ______  SD
     E: Golden Hedgehog Cactus
     
     
247. Echinocereus pectinatus  ______  CD
     E: Comb Hedgehog Cactus, Rainbow Cactus, Ashy-white Pitaya, Slender-spined Pitaya, Rio Grande Pitaya, Texas Rainbow Pitaya, Big Bend Pitaya  (various subspecies)
     
     
248. Echinocereus reichenbachii albertii  ______  (US endangered; Texas endangered)
     E: Black Lace Cactus
     
     
249. Echinocereus triglochidiatus  ______  CD
     E: Claret-cup Cactus, Little Claret-Cup, Southwest Claret-Cup, Texas Claret-Cup, King's Cup  (various subspecies)
     
     
     
     
     Claret-cup Cactus, photographed in September, 
     2 months after the bright red flowers were in bloom  
     (photo by Doris Potter)
     
     
250. Echinocereus virdiflorus  ______  CD
     E: Green-flowered Cactus, Green Pitaya, Hen-and-Chickens Cactus 
     
     
     Genus EPITHELANTHA 
     
     
251. Epithelantha bokei  ______  CD
     E: Boquillas Button Cactus
     
     
252. Epithelantha micromeris  ______  CD
     E: Button Cactus  
     
     
     Genus ESCOBARIA
     
     
253. Escobaria minima  ______  (US endangered; Texas endangered)
     E: Nellie's Cory Cactus
     
     
254. Escobaria s. sneedii  ______  (US endangered; Texas endangered)
     E: Sneed's Pincushion Cactus
     
     
     Genus FEROCACTUS  (Barrel Cacti)   
     
     
255. Ferocactus cylindraceus  (or F. acanthodes)  ______  SD   
     E: Spiny Barrel, California Barrel Cactus   
      
     
256. Ferocactus emoryi  (or F. covillei) ______  SD
     E: Emory's Barrel, Coville Barrel 
     
     
     
     
     Emory's Barrel Cactus photographed during the August 2010 tour in Arizona
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
257. Ferocactus emoryi rectispinus  ______  SD
     E: Straight-spined Barrel   
     
     
258. Ferocactus wislizeni  ______  SD   
     E: Fishhook Barrel, Candy Barrel Cactus  
     
     
     
     
     Fishhook Barrel Cactus photographed during the August 2010 tour in Arizona
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
     Genus LOPHOCEREUS 
     
     
259. Lophocereus (or Pachycereus) schotii  ______  SD  
     E: Senita  (taken from the Spanish name) (another name is Garambullo)
     
     Senita is extremely common in desert flats and thornscrub habitats throughout much of the Sonoran Desert. 
     
     
     Genus LOPHOPHORA  (Peyotes)
     
     
260. Lophophora williamsii  ______  CD
     E: Peyote
     
     
     Genus MAMMILLARIA  (Nipple Cacti)    
     
     
261. Mammallaria grahamii  (or M. microcarpa, M. milleri)  ______  SD 
     E: Fishhook Pincushion, Fishhook Cactus
     
     
262. Mammallaria echinus  ______  CD
     E: Sea-Urchin Cactus
     
     
263. Mammallaria ramillosa  ______  CD
     E: Big Bend Mammalleria
     
     
264. Mammallaria macromeris  ______  CD
     E: Long Mamma
     
     
265. Mammallaria vivipara  ______  CD
     E: Bisquit Cactus
     
     
266. Mammallaria fragrans  ______  CD
     E: Fragrant Cactus
     
     
267. Mammallaria tuberculosa  ______  CD
     E: Cob Cactus
     
     
268. Mammallaria dasyacantha  ______  CD
     E: Mountain Cob Cactus
     
     
269. Mammallaria albicolumnaria  ______  CD
     E: White-spined Cob Cactus
     
     
270. Mammallaria varicolor  ______  CD
     E: Varicolor Cactus
     
     
271. Mammallaria duncanii  ______  CD
     E: Duncan's Cactus
     
     
272. Mammallaria pottsii  ______  CD
     E: Foxtail Cactus
     
     
273. Mammallaria lasiacantha  ______  CD
     E: Golf-ball Cactus
     
     
274. Mammallaria heyderi  ______  CD
     E: Pancake Pincushion
     
     
275. Mammallaria meiacantha  ______  CD
     E: Nipple Cactus  
     
     
     Genus OPUNTIA  (includes CYLINDROPUNTIA, GRUSONIA, and CORYNOPUNTIA)  (Wildflowers)  
     
     
276. Opuntia (or Cylindropuntia) acanthocarpa  ______  SD  
     E: Buckhorn Cholla   
     
     
277. Opuntia (or Cylindropuntia) arbuscula  ______  SD  
     E: Pencil Cholla  
     
     
278. Opuntia atrispina  ______  CD
     E: Dark-spined Prickly Pear  
     
     
279. Opuntia basilaris  ______  GD  MD  PD  SD  
     E: Beavertail Cactus  (or Cholla)
     
     
280. Opuntia (or Cylindropuntia) biglovii  ______  SD  
     E: Teddy Bear Cholla  
     
     
     
     
     Teddy Bear Cholla
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
281. Opuntia echinocarpa  ______
     E: Silver Cholla
     
     
282. Opuntia engelmanni  (or Opuntia phaeacantha discata)  ______  CD  SD
     E: Engelmann Prickly Pear  (or Texas Prickly Pear) 
     
     
283. Opuntia erinacea  ______  GD  MD  PD  SD  (a variable and taxonomically confusing species)
     E: Mojave Prickly Pear
     
     
284. Opuntia fragilis  ______  CD
     E: Fragile Prickly Pear, Brittle Cactus
     
     
285. Opuntia (or Cylindropuntia) fulgida  ______  SD
     E: Jumping Cholla   
     
     
286. Opuntia grahamii  ______  CD  (a  smaller version of Opuntia schottii) 
     E: Dog Cholla
     
     
287. Opuntia imbricata  ______  CD 
     E: Cane Cholla, Tree Cholla
     
     
288. Opuntia kleiniae  ______  CD  (flowers are greenish)
     E: Candle Cholla
     
     
289. Opuntia leptocaulus  ______  CD SD  (flowers are yellow)
     E: Christmas Cholla, Desert Christmas Cactus 
     S: Tasajillo   
     
     
290. Opuntia lindheimeri  ______  CD
     E: Chisos Prickly Pear
     
     
291. Opuntia linguiformis  ______  CD
     E: Cow's Tingue Prickly Pear  
     
     
292. Opuntia macrocentra  ______  CD
     E: Purple-tinged Prickly Pear
     
     
293. Opuntia macrorhiza  ______  CD
     E: Grassland Prickly Pear  
     
     
294. Opuntia phaecantha major  (ph) (*)  ______  SD
     E: Sprawling Prickly Pear  (also called Dusky Prickly Pear and Brownspine Prickly Pear)
     
     
     
     
     Sprawling Prickly Pear
     (photo by Doris Potter)
     
     
295. Opuntia polyacantha  ______  GD  PD
     E: Plains Prickly Pear 
     
     
296. Opuntia (or Cylindropuntia) prolifera  ______
     E: Coastal Cholla
     
     
297. Opuntia (or Cylindropuntia) ramosissima  ______  
     E: Diamond Cholla
     
     
298. Opuntia rufida   ______  CD  (one of the few cacti entirely without spines)
     E: Blind Prickly Pear 
     
     
299. Opuntia schottii  ______  CD
     E: Devil Cholla 
     
     
300. Opuntia spinosibacca  ______  CD  (described as recently as 1956)
     E: Spinyfruit Prickly Pear 
     
     
301. Opuntia (or Cylindropuntia) spinosior  ______  
     E: Cane Cholla
     
     
302. Opuntia vaseyi  ______  (a formerly described species now thought to be a hybrid)
     E: Vasey Prickly Pear
     
     
303. Opuntia (or Cylindropuntia) versicolor  ______  SD 
     E: Staghorn Cholla
     
     
304. Opuntia violacea  ______  CD
     E: Purple Prickly Pear
     
     
     Genus PACHYCEREUS
     
     
305. Pachycereus pecten-aboriginum  ______  SD  (in Mexico in Baja California Sur, Sinaloa, and Sonora) 
     E: Hairbrush Cactus
     S: Hecho
     
     
306. Pachycereus pringlei  (ph)  ______  SD  (in Mexico along the coast of the Gulf of California in Sonora & on the Baja Peninsula)    
     E: Elephant Cactus
     S: Cardon
     
     Pachycereus pringlei is the largest columnar cactus in the Sonoran Desert. 
     
     
     
     
     Cardon, or Elephant Cactus, during the FONT tour in Sonora, Mexico in August 2010 
     (photo by Risë Hill; in the photo Armas Hill)
     
     
     Genus PEDIOCACTUS
     
     
307. Pediocactus simpsonii  ______  
     E: Simpson's Hedgehog Cactus 
     
     
     Genus PENIOCEREUS (or CEREUS)
     
     
308. Peniocereus (or Cereus) greggii  ______  CD  SD  (in desert flats & washes) 
     E: Desert Night-blooming Cereus, Queen-of-the-Night
     
     Inconspicuous most of the year, but when in bloom, the Night-blooming Cereus is easily spotted only in the evening and early morning when its spectacular night-blooming flowers are open. It is very popular in desert rock gardens and in the cactus trade; when a population is found, all too often, the large, turnip-like roots are quickly dug up.       
     
     
     Genus SCLEROCACTUS (or ANCISTROCACTUS) 
     
     
309. Sclerocactus brevihamatus tobuschii  ______  (US endangered; Texas endangered)
     E: Tobusch Fishhook Cactus
     
     
310. Sclerocactus mariposensis  ______  (US threatened; Texas threatened)
     E: Lloyd's Mariposa Cactus
     
     
311. Sclerocactus uncinatus  ______  CD
     E: Chihuahua Fish-hook Cactus (or Cat Claw Cactus)
     
     
312. Sclerocactus johnsonii  ______  MD
     E: Johnson Devil-Claw
     
     
313. Sclerocactus whipplei  ______  PD
     E: Whipple Fishhook Cactus
     
     
     Genus STENOCEREUS
     
      
314. Stenocereus eruca  ______  SD  (found only on sandy soils on the central Pacific coast of Baja California Sur, in Mexico) 
     E: Creeping Devil    
      
     
315. Stenocereus gummosus  ______  SD
     E: none
     S: Pitahaya Agria
     
     
316. Stenocereus thuberi  ______  SD  
     E: Organ Pipe Cactus 
     S: Pitahaya Dulce  
     
     
     Genus THELOCACTUS
     
     
317. Thelocactus bicolor  ______  CD
     E: Straw Spine Cactus  (or "Glory of Texas")
     
     
     Family CAPPARACEAE  (Capers)
     
     
     Genus CLEOME
     
     
318. Cleome lutea  ______  GD  MD  PD  SD  (occurs on desert plains)
     E: Yellow Bee Plant
     
     
319. Cleonme serrulata  ______  GD  PD
     E: Rocky Mountain Bee Plant
     
     
     Genus CLEOMELLA
     
     
320. Cleomella obtusifolia  ______    MD  SD
     E: Blunt-leaf Stinkweed
     
     
321. Cleomella hillmanii  ______  GD
     E: Hillman Stinkweed 
     
     
     Genus ISOMERIS
     
     
322. Isomeris arborea  ______ MD  SD  (in California)
     E: Bladderpod
     
     
     Genus POLANISIA
     
     
323. Polanisia dodecandra  ______
     E: Clammyweed
     
     
     Genus WISLIZENIA
     
     
324. Wislizenia refracta  ______
     E: Jackass Clover
     
     
     Family CARYOPHYLLACEAE  (Carnations)
     
     
     Genus ARENARIA
     
     
325. Arenaria fendleri  ______
     E: Fendler's Sandwort
     
     
     Genus CERASTIUM
     
     
326. Cerastium arvense  ______
     E: Meadow Chickweed
     
     
     Family CHENOPODIACEAE  (Goosefoots)
     
     
     Genus ATRIPLEX 
     
     
327. Atriplex canescens  ______  SD
     E: Fourwing Saltbush  
     
     Atriplex canescens is a host plant for the butterfly: BREPHIDIUM EXILE, Western Pygmy Blue. 
     
     
328. Atriplex corrugata  ______
     E: Mat Saltbush
     
     
329. Atriplex confertifolia  ______
     E: Shadscale
     
     
330. Atriplex hymenelytra  ______
     E: Desert Holly
     
     Atriplex hymenelytra is a host plant for the butterfly: BREPHIDIUM EXILE, Western Pygmy Blue.
     
     
     Genus GRAYIA
     
     
331. Grayia spinosa  ______
     E: Hopsage 
     
     
     Genus SALICORNIA
     
     
332. Salicornia bigelovii  ______  SD 
     E: Pickleweed
     
     
     Genus SALSOLA
     
     
333. Salsola tragus (Salsola iberica, Salsola kali) (ph) (*)  ______  SD
     E: Tumbleweed, Russian Thistle  
     
     Salsola tragus is a host plant for the butterfly: BREPHIDIUM EXLE, Western Pygmy Blue. 
     
     
     
     
     Tumbleweed
     (photo by Doris Potter)  
     
     
     Genus SARCOBATUS
     
     
334. Sarcobatus vermiculatus  ______
     E: Greasewood
     
     
     Genus SALICORNIA
     
     
335. Salicornia utahensis  ______
     E: Utah Pickleweed 
     
     
     Family CISTACEAE  (Rockroses)  
     
     
     Genus HELIANTHEMUM
     
     
336. Helianthemum scopium  ______  (occurs on dray sandy flats and on rocky slopes)
     E: Peak Rushrose
     
     
     Family CONVOLVULACEAE  (Morning Glories)  (W)
     
     
     Genus EVOLVULUS
     
     
337. Evolvulus arizonicus  ______  (with beautiful sky-blue flowers)
     E: Arizona Blue-eyes, False Flax 
     
     
338. Evolvulus nuttallianus  ______  CD  PD
     
     
339. Evolvulus sericeus  ______  CD
     E: Silky Evolvulus
     
     
     Genus IPOMOEA
     
     
340. Ipomoea cristulata  ______  (on brushy hillsides & in canyons)
     E: Scarlet Creeper, Star Glory
     
     
341. Ipomoea hederacea  ______  (in the southwest US)
     E: Ivyleaf Morning Glory
     
     
342. Ipomoea leptophylla  ______
     E: Bush Morning Glory 
     
     
343. Ipomoea nil  ______  (in the southwest US)
     E: Morning Glory
     
     
344. Ipomoea purpurea  ______
     E: Common Morning Glory 
     
     
     Family CRASSULACEAE  (Stonecrops)
     
     
     Genus DUDLEYA
     
     
345. Dudleya saxosa  ______
     E: Rock Dudleya 
     
     
     Family CUCURBITACEAE  (Cucumbers)
     
     
     Genus APODANTHERA
     
     
346. Apodanthera undulata  ______
     E: Melon Loco
     S: Melon Loco  (Plants with the word "loco" in their common names are usually poisonous to some degree; several contain behavior-altering toxins.) 
      
     
     Genus CUCURBITA   
     
     
347. Cucurbita digitata  ______  SD
     E: Coyote Gourd   
     
     
348. Cucurbita foetidissima  ______  SD  (in open areas of deserts)     
     E: Buffalo Gourd
     S: Calabacilla Loca
     
     The Buffalo Gourd fruit is easily dried and often brightly painted for decorative use. It is foul-tasting, inedible, and somewhat poisonous when mature.
     
     
     Genus IBERVILLEA
     
     
349. Ibervillea tenuisecta  ______  (along shallow gullies & on rocky slopes in deserts)
     E: Globe Berry  (or Cut-leaved Globe Berry)     
     
     
     Genus TUMAMOC 
     
     
350. Tumamoca macdougalii  ______  SD
     E: Tumamoc Globe Berry
     
     
     Family EPHEDRACEAE  (Ephedras)
     
     Various species have been used extensively as a medicinal tea, a tonic.
     
     
     Genus EPHEDRA  
     
     
351. Ephedra fasciculata  ______  MD  SD
     E: Mojave Ephedra
     
     
352. Ephedra nevadensis  ______  CD  GD  MD  PD  SD
     E: Nevada Tea  (or Nevada Ephedra)
     
     
353. Ephedra torreyama ______  
     E: Mormon Tea
     
     
354. Ephedra viridis  ______  GD  PD
     E: Green Ephedra
     
     
     Family EUPHORBIACEAE  (Spurges) 
     
     
     Genus BERNARDIA
     
     
355. Bernardia myricifolia  ______
     E: Mouse-eye
     
     
     Genus CHAMAESYCE  
     
     
356. Chamaesyce albomarginata  ______
     E: Rattlesnake Weed
     
     Rattlesnake Weed is one of the showiest of the low spurges. It was once thought useful for the treatment of snakebite, hence its common name.   
       
     
     Genus CROTON
     
     
357. Croton californicus  ______
     E: Desert Croton
     
     
358. Croton pottsii  ______  CD
     E: Leatherleaf
     
     
     Genus EUPHORBIA
     
     
359. Euphorbia antisyphilitica  ______  CD
     E: Candelilia
     
     
360. Euphorbia melanodenia  ______
     E: Black-gland Spurge
     
     
361. Euphorbia polycarpa  ______
     E: Small-seeded Spurge
     
     
     Genus JATROPHA   
     
     
362. Jatropha cardiophylla  ______  SD
     E: Limberbush, Dragon's Blood  (both names also applied to several other species)
     
     
363. Jatropha dioica  ______  CD
     E: Leather Stem
     S: Sangre de Grabo 
     
     
     Family FABACEAE  (Legumes. or Peas) 
     
     In the FABACEAE family, 3 genera of spiny desert shrubs (ACACIA, MIMOSA, and PROSOPSIS, the mesquites) resemble each other and can easily be confused.
     
     Genus ACACIA  (Acacias) (T) 
     
      
364. Acacia angustissima  ______
     E: Fern Acacia
     
     Acacia angustissima is a host plant for the butterflies: EUREMA MEXICANA, Mexican Yellow, HEMIARGUS CERANUS, Ceraunus Blue, HEMIARGUS ISOLA, Reakirt's Blue, HEMIARGUS CERAUNUS, Ceraunus Blue. 
     
     
365. Acacia constricta ______  SD
     E: Whitethorn Acacia    
     
     Acacia constricta is a host plant for the butterflies: EUREMA NICE, Mimosa Yellow, HEMIARGUS ISOLA, Reakirt's Blue.
     
     
366. Acacia farnesiana  ______  CD  (native to high deserts in Arizona, Texas, and Mexico; introduced in California) 
     S: Huisache
     
     
367. Acacia greggii   ______  CD  SD
     E: Catclaw Acacia   
     
     Acacia greggi  is a host plant for the butterfly: LEPTOTES MARINA, Marine Blue.
     
     
368. Acacia rigidula ______  CD
     E: Black Brush
     S: Chaparro Brieto
     
     
     Genus ASTRAGALUS
     
     
369. Astragalus amphioxys  ______  (in sand or gravelly soil in deserts)
     (in sand or gravelly soil in deserts)
     E: Crescent Milkvetch
     
     
370. Astragalus argillosus  ______
     E: Clay Locoweed
     
     
371. Astragalus coccineus  ______
     E: Scarlet Milkvetch  (or Scarlet Locoweed)  (also called Crimson Wooly Pod)
     
     Red flowers, a rare color in the genus, makes Astragalus coccineus favorable to hummingbirds.
     
     
372. Astragalus insularis  ______
     E: Sand-flat Locoweed
     
     
373. Astragalus layneae  ______  MD
     E: Layne Locoweed
     
     
374. Astragalus lentiginosus  ______  (in deserts & on salt flats; but also higher on open slopes in mountains)  
     E: Freckled Milkvetch
     
     The Freckled Milkvetch is the most widespread and variable species of Astragalus, with more than 20 recognized varieties. 
     
     Astragalus lentiginosus is a host plant for the butterfly: COLIAS ALEXANDRA, Queen Alexander's Sulphur.
     
     
375. Astragalus mollissimus  ______
     E: Woolly Locoweed
     
     
376. Astragalus praelongus  ______
     E: Stinky Milk Vetch
     
     
377. Astragalus preussii  ______
     E: Desert Milk Vetch
     
     
378. Astragalus purshii  ______
     E: Pursh Locoweed
     
     
     Genus CALLIANDRA
     
     
379. Calliandra eriophylla  ______ SD
     E: Fairy Duster
     
     
     Genus CASSIA  (see SENNA) 
     
     
     Genus CERCIDIUM  (Palo Verdes)  (T)
     
     
380. Cercidium floridum  (or Parkinsonia torreyana, Cercidium peninsulare) ______  SD       
     E: Blue Palo Verde  
     
     "Palo Verde" is Spanish for "green tree'. Even when leafless, CERCIDIUM species are conspicuously green in the brown desert, Photosynthesis occurs mostly in the bark rather than in the leaves, which conserve water through the reduction of surface area. 
     
     
381. Cercidium microphyllum  (or Parkinsonia microphyllum)  ______  SD 
     E: Foothill Palo Verde, Little-leaved Palo Verde, Yellow Palo Verde   
     
     
382. Cercidium texanum ______  CD
     E: Texas Palo Verde
     S: Retoma China
     
     
     Genus CERCIS
     
     
383. Cercis occidentalis  (or Cercis canadensis orbiculata)  ______
     E: Western Redbud
     
     Western Redbud is one of the handsomest shrubs in the foothills of the western US. It is commonly used as an ornamental, enjoyed for its masses of rose-pink flowers and its dense dark-green foliage that turns reddish in the fall. 
     Native Americans made baskets from the shredded bark, and extracts from the bark have been used medicinally.          
     
     
     Genus DALEA
     
     
384. Dalea (formerly Petalostemon) candida  ______
     E: White Prairie Clover
     
     
385. Dalea albiflora  ______
     E: White Dalea
     
     Dalea albiflora is a host plant for the butterfly: COLIAS CESONIA, Southern Dogface.
     
     
386. Dalea flavescens  ______  PD
     E: Navajo Prairie Clover
     
     
387. Dalea formosa  ______
     E: Feather Peabus, Feather Plume 
     
     
388. Dalaea mollis  ______
     E: Silk Dalea
     
     
389. Dalaea purpurea  ______  CD
     E: Purple Prairie Clover
     
     
     Genus ERYTHRINA
     
     
390. Erythrina flabelliformis  ______
     E: Western Coral Bean, Indian Bean
     S: Chilicote
     
     Erythrina flabelliformis is leafless and rather unattractive throughout the winter and into the early spring. It usually flowers on bare stems in early spring, and the leaves emerge in late spring.
     The bright seeds, often used in Mexican necklaces, are deadly poisonous.
     
     
     Genus HOFFMANSEGGIA
     
     
391. Hoffmanseggia glauca  ______
     E: Hog Potato, Pig Nut
     S: Camote de Raton  (means :mouse's sweet potato")
     
     
392. Hoffmanseggia repens  ______
     E: Creeping Rush-Pea
     
     
     Genus LOTUS
     
     
393. Lotus rigidux  ______
     E: Bush Trefoil
     
     
     Genus LUPINUS  (Bluebonnets)
     
     
394. Lupinus argenteus  ______
     E: Silvery Lupine
     
     Lupinus argenteus is a host plant for the butterflies: STRYMON MELINUS, Gray Hairstreak, LYCAEIDES MELISSA, Melissa Blue, GLAUCOPSYCHE LYGDAMUS, Silvery Blue, VANESSA CARDUI, Painted Lady.  
     
     
395. Lupinus arizonicus  ______
     E: Arizona Lupine
     
     
396. Lupinus bicolor  ______
     E: Miniature Lupine
     
     Lupinus bicolor is a host plant for the butterflies: COLIAS EURYTHEME, Orange Sulphur, EVERES COMYNTAS, Eastern Tailed-Blue. 
     
     
397. Lupinus brevicaulis  ______
     E: Short-stem Lupine 
     
     
398. Lupinus havardii  ______  CD  (occurs only in the Big Bend region of west Texas)
     E: Chisos Bluebonnet 
     
     
399. Lupinus hirsutissimus  ______  SD 
     E: Stinging Lupine
     
     In a genus of lovely wildflowers, the Stinging Lupine is an unpleasant exception. Its stiff yellow hairs sting like nettles.
     
     
400. Lupinus pusillus  ______
     E: Dwarf Lupine 
     
     
401. Lupinus sparsiflorus  ______  SD
     E: Mojave Lupine  (or Coulter's Lupine)
     
     In a year with ample fall and winter rains, Coulter's Lupine carpets the floor of the southern Arizona desert, combining with Desert Marigold (Baileya multiradiata) for mile after mile of blue-violet, brick red, and brilliant yellow.    
     
     
     Genus MIMOSA
     
     
402. Mimosa biuncifera  (ph)   ______  CD  SD
     E: Cat's-Claw Mimosa
     
     
     
     
     Cats-claw Mimosa photographed during the FONT tour in Sonora in August 2010 
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
403. Mimosa dysocarpa  ______
     E: Velvet-pod Mimosa
     
     
     Genus OLNEYA
       
     
404. Olneya tesota  _______  SD
     E: Ironwood  (or Desert Ironweed) 
     
     
     Genus PARKINSONIA     
     
     
405. Parkinsonia aculeata  ______  SD
     E: Mexican Palo Verde, Jerusalem Thorn, Retama 
     
     
     Genus PROSOPIS  (Mesquites)  (T)
     
     
     Plants of the PROSOPIS genus are host plants for the butterflies: LEPTOTES MARINA, Marine Blue. APODEMIA PALMERI, Palmer's Metalmark. 
      
     
406. Prosopis glandulosa  (or Prosopis juliflora torreyana)  ______ CD,SD 
     E: Honey Mesquite    
     
     Prosopis glandulosa is a host plant for the butterfly: HEMIARGUS CERAUNUS, Ceraunus Blue.
     
     
407. Prosopis pubescens ______ CD
     E: Screwbean
     S: Tornillo
     
     Prosopis pubescens is a host plant for the butterfly: HEMIARGUS CERAUNUS, Ceraunus Blue.
     
     
408. Prosopis velutina  (or Prosopis juliflora velutina)  ______  SD
     E: Velvet Mesquite
     
     Prosopis velutina is a host plant for the butterfly: MINISTRYMON LEDA, Leda Ministreak.
      
     
     Genus PSOROTHAMNUS
     
     
409. Psorothamnus arborescens  ______
     E: Mohave Indigobush
     
     
410. Psorothamnus emoryi  ______
     E: White Indigobush
     
     
411. Psorothamnus fremontii  ______
     E: Fremont Indigobush
     
     
412. Psorothamnus polydenius  ______
     E: Nevada Indigobush
     
     
413. Psorothamnus schottii  ______
     E: Mesa Indigobush
     
     
414. Psorothamnus scoparius  ______
     E: Broom Indigobush
     
     Psorothamnus scoparius is a host plant for the butterrfy: HEMIARGUS ISOLA, Reakirt's Blue. 
     
     
415. Psorothamnus spinosus  ______
     E: Smoke Tree
     
     From a distance, a Smoke Tree looks gray and fluffy, like a puff of smoke.
     
     
     Genus SENNA  (or CASSIA)
     
     
416. Senna armata  ______
     E: Spiny Senna
     
     
417. Senna bauhinioides  ______
     E: Two-leaved Senna  (or "Twinleaf")
     
     
418. Senna covesii  ______  SD
     E: Desert Senna  (also called Coue's Senna)
     
     Senna covesii is a host plant for the butterflies: PHOEBIS SENNAE, Cloudless Sulphur, EUREMA NICIPPE, Sleepy Orange.
      
     
419. Senna durangensis  ______
     E: Two-leaved Senna
     
     
420. Senna lindheimeriana  ______
     E: Chihuahua Senna
     
     Senna lindheimeriana is a host plant for the butterflies: PHOEBIS SENNAE, Cloudless Sulphur, EUREMA NICIPPE, Sleepy Orange.
       
     
421. Senna roemeriana  ______
     E: Texas Senna
     
     
     Family FONQUIERIACEAE  (Ocotillos)  (S)
     
     
     Genus FOUQUIERIA   
     
     
422. Fouquieria columnaris  (or Idria columnaris)  ______  SD  (grows up to 60 feet tall; endemic to central Baja California, Mexico) 
     E: Boojum 
     
     
423. Fouquieria splendens  (ph) (*)  ______  CD,SD  (the most widespread species in its family)    
     E: Ocotillo, Coachwhip (because it looks like many buggywhips stuck into the ground)
     
     
     
     
     A "forest" of Ocotillo, photographed during a FONT tour in the Sonoran Desert 
     (photo by Doris Potter)
     
     When Ocotillos are in full bloom, they have brilliant red flowers on the top of each stalk. 
     
     
     Family GENTIANACEAE  (Gentians)
     
     
     Genus CENTAURIUM
     
     
424. Centaurium calycosum  ______
     E: Centaury
     S: Rosita
     
     The brilliant pink corolla of Centaurium calycosum resembles that in the PHLOX species.
     
     
     Family GERANIACEAE
     
     
     Genus ERODIUM
     
     
425. Erodium cicutarium  ______
     E: Filaree
     
     
426. Erodium texanum  ______
     E: Texas Storksbill
     
     
     Family HYDROPHYLLACEAE  (Waterleaves)
     
     
     Genus EMMENANTHE
     
     
427. Emmenanthe penduliflora  ______  MD  SD  (in foothills)
     E: Whispering Bells
     
     The dried-up corolla of Emmenanthe penduliflora remains on the plant as a tissue-paper-like bell that rustles in gentle breezes.
     
     
     Genus HESPEROCHIRON
     
     
428. Hesperochiron pumilus  ______
     E: Dwarf Hesperochiron
     
     
     Genus NAMA
     
     
429. Nama arctioides  ______
     E: Great Basin Nama
     
     
430. Nama demissum  ______
     E: Desert Mat  (or Purple Mat)
     
     
431. Nama havardii  ______
     E: Havard Nama
     
     
     Genus  NEMOPHILA
     
     
432. Nemophila menziesii  ______
     E: Baby Blue-eyes
     
     
     Genus PHACELIA  (a large, mostly western American, genus distinguished by bluish or purplish flowers in coils, usually with protruding stamens)   
     
     
433. Phacelia calthifolia  ______
     E: Caltha-leaved Phacelia
     
     
434. Phacelia campanularia  ______
     E: Bluebell Phacelia  (or Desert Bell)
     
     In a spring following a wet winter, thousands of Desert Bells bloom, forming masses of deep rich blue.
     
     
435. Phacelia crenulata  ______    
     E: Notch-leaved Phacelia 
     
     
436. Phacelia distans  ______
     E: Lace-leaved Phacelia  (or Common Phacelia, or Wild Heliotrope)
     
     
437. Phacelia fremontii  ______
     E: Fremont's Phacelia 
     
     
438. Phacelia integrifolia  ______  (rocky & sandy places in deserts and among pinyons & junipers) 
     E; Scalloped Phacelia
     
     
439. Phacelia minor  ______  (occurs in southern California & northern Baja California)
     E: California Bell
     
     
440. Phacelia robusta  ______
     E: Robust Phacelia
     
     
441. Phacelia rotundifolia  ______
     E: Round-leaved Phacelia
     
     
442. Phacelia tanacetifolia  ______
     E: Tansy-leaved Phacelia  
     
     
     Family KRAMERACEAE  (Ratanies) 
     
     
     Genus KRAMERIA  
     
     
443. Krameria grayi  ______  CD  MD  SD
     E: White Ratany
     
     
444. Krameria erecta  ______   SD 
     E: Pima Ratany, Purple Heather
     
     
     Family LAMIACEAE  (Mints)
     
     
     Genus HYPTIS 
     
     
445. Hyptis emoryi  ______
     E: Desert Lavender
     
     
     Genus MONARDELLA
     
     
446. Monardella macrantha  ______  (in southern California & Baja California)
     E: Red Monardella
     
     
     Genus POLIOMINTHA
     
     
447. Poliomintha incana  ______  CD  MD  PD  (common in Painted Desert; isolated populations in Chihuahuan & Mohave Deserts)
     E: Bush Mint
     
     
     Genus SALAZARIA
     
     
448. Salazaria mexicana  ______  GD  (in deserts, commonly in washes)
     E: Bladder Sage
     
     
     Genus SALVIA
     
     
449. Salvia carduacea  ______  SD  (in southern California & Baja California)
     E: Thistle Sage
     
     
450. Salvia columbariae  ______
     E: Chia  (a common name for several SALVIA species)
     
     From Chia, Native Americans made pinole, a meal ground from parched seeds. The seeds were also steeped in water to produce a thick sticky drink.
     
     
451. Salvia dorrii  ______  GD
     E: Purple Sage  (or Gray-ball Sage. or Desert Sage)
     
     It is Gray-ball, or Desert, Sage, not sagebrush, that is referred to in Zane Grey's classic western "Riders of the Purple Sage". It is a handsome plant, attractive in leaf as well as in flower.
     
     
452. Salvia funerea  ______  SD  (in hills & mountains around Death Valley, California & in adjacent Nevada)
     E: Death Valley Sage
     
     
453. Salvia greggi  ______  CD  
     E: Autumn Sage
     
     The bright, vibrant, nearly red flowers of the Autumn Sage make it a favorite in the Big Bend region in western Texas. 
     The species is also popular in the Southwest US in cultivation, as its nectar-laden flowers attract hummingbirds into yards to feed.  
     
     
454. Salvia henryi  ______
     E: Crimson Sage 
     
     
455. Salvia lemmonii  ______
     E: Lemmon's Sage
     
     
     Genus STACHYS
     
     
456. Stachys coccinea  ______
     E: Texas Betony, Scarlet Hedge Nettle 
     
     
     Family LILIACEAE  (Lilies)   (Agaves, Nolinas, and Yuccas have been included in this family.)
     
     
     Genus ALLIUM
     
     
457. Allium macropetalum  ______
     E: Desert Wild Onion
     
     
     Genus ANDROSTEPHIUM
     
     
458. Androstephium breviflorum  ______
     E: Small-flowered Hyacinth 
     
     
     Genus CALOCHORTUS 
     
     
459. Calochortus kennedyi  ______  SD  (in open or brushy areas from Creosote Bush deserts to places with pinyons and junipers)
     E: Desert Mariposa Lily
     
     
     Genus DICHELOSTEMMA (or BRODIAEA) 
     
     
460. Dichelostemma capitatum  ______
     E: Desert Hyacinth
     
     
461. Dichelostemma pauciflorum  ______ 
     E: Few-flowered Hyacinth
     
     
     Genus EREMOCRINUM
     
     
462. Eremocrinum albomarginatum  ______  (found in sandy soil, this plant occurs in some of the most sparsely populated parts of North America) 
     E: Sand Lily  (or Lonely Lily)
     
     
     Genus HESPEROCALLIs  (this genus name means "western beauty")   
      
     
463. Hesperocallis undulata  ______  SD
     E: Desert Lily, Ajo Lily
     
     The Desert Lily resembles a small commercial Easter Lily, and grows in harsh arid environments in the Southwest US. 
     These plants are conspicuous and easily seen as one drives along roads in the desert. the bulbs were once used by native Americans for food.
     The Desert Lily is the only member in its genus.
     
     
     Family LINACEAE  (Flaxes)
     
     
     Genus LINUM
     
     
464. Linum aristatum  ______
     E: Broom Flax
     
     
465. Linum perenne  ______
     E: Blue Flax
     
     
466. Linum puberulum  ______
     E: Orange Flax
     
     
467. Linum vernale  ______  CD  (in rocky, limestone soil in deserts)
     (in rocky, limestone soil in deserts)
     E: Chihuahua Flax  
     
     The Chihuahua Flax is a common species in parts of the Chihuahuan Desert. Only the very bases of the petals are joined, and when the corolla falls from the flower, breezes blow it across the ground like a fragile saucer.
     This species is one of a number of western yellow-flowered species, most slender and wiry, and many without maroon centers in the flowers.
     
     
     Family LOASACEAE  (Stickleaves)
     
     
     Genus CEVALLIA
     
     
468. Cevallia sinuata  ______  
     E: Cevallia
     
     
     Genus EUCNIDE
     
     
469. Eucnide urens  ______  MD
     E: Desert Rock Nettle
     
     
     Genus MENTZELIA
     
     
470. Mentzelia albicaulis  ______
     E: White-stemmed Blazing Star
     
     
471. Mentzelia desertorum  ______
     E: Desert Blazing Star
     
     
472. Mentzelia involucrata  ______
     E: Sand Blazing Star  (has also been called White-bracted Stickleaf) 
     
     
473. Mentzelia nitens  ______  (sometimes included in Mentzelia albicaulis)
     (sometimes included in Mentzelia albicaulis)
     E: Venus Blazing Star
     
     
474. Mentzelia tricuspis  ______
     E: Spiny-haired Blazing Star 
     
     
475. Mentzelia veatchiana  ______
     E: Small-flowered Blazing Star
     
     
     Genus PETALONYX
     
     
476. Petalonyx thurberi  ______
     E: Sandpaper Plant
     
     
     Family KOEBERLINIACEAE
     
     
     Genus KOEBERLINIA
     
     
477. Koeberlinia spinosa  ______  CD  SD
     E: Allthorn
     
     
     Family MALVACEAE  (Mallows)  (W)
     
     
     Genus ERIMALCHE
     
     
478. Erimalche rotundifolium  ______  MD  SD  ("Erimalche" means "lonely mallow", referring to the desert habitat)
     E: Desert Five Spot
      
     
     Genus HIBISCUS  (Rose Mallows)  
      
     
479. Hibiscus coulteri  ______  SD
     E: Desert Rose Mallow
     
     
480. Hibiscus denudatus  ______  SD
     E: Rock Rose Mallow, Rock Hibiscus, Pale Face 
     
     
481. Hibiscus trionum  ______  (a non-native, from central Africa)
     E: Flower-of-an-hour    
     
     
     Genus SPHAERALCEA  (Approximately 60 species of Sphaeralcea globemallows are common on ranges in the western US. As a genus, they are easy to identify with their five commonly bright orange-red petals. But identification of particular species can be another matter.) 
      
     
482. Sphaeralcea ambigua  ______  SD 
     E: Apricot Globemallow  (or Desert Globemallow)
     
     Sphaeralcea ambigua is a host plant for the butterfly: VANESSA CARDUI, Painted Lady. 
     
     
483. Sphaeralcea coccinea  (ph)  ______  GD
     E: Scarlet Globemallow
     
     
     
     
     Scarlet Globemallow
     (photo by Doris Potter)
     
     
484. Sphaeraicea leptophylla  ______
     E: Scaly Globemallow
     
     
485. Sphaeraicea polychroma  ______
     E: Polychrome Globemallow
     
     
486. Sphaeraicea coulteri  ______  (on sandy desert flats)
     E: Coulter's Globemallow
     
     
     Family MARTYNIACEAE  (Unicorn Plants)
     
     
     Genus PROBOSCIDEA  (There are several species in the Southwest US, some with pink or magenta colored flowers) 
     
     
487. Proboscidea althaeifolia  (or altheaiefolia)   ______  CD  SD
     E: Desert Unicorn Plant  (also called "Devil's Claw" and "Elephant Tusks")  
     
     As the plump fruit matures, it divides into halves, and its outer, fleshy layer peels off, revealing the hard inner portion of the fruit, the single horn of which splits into two "devil's claws". 
     
     
488. Proboscidea louisianica  ______  (NOT common west of Texas)
     E: Common Unicorn Plant
     
     
489. Proboscidea parviflora  ______  SD
     E: Devil's Claw, Unicorn Plant
     
     
     Family NYCTAGINACEAE  (Four O'Clocks)  (W)
     
     
     Genus ABRONIA
     
     
490. Abronia carnea  ______
     E: Winged Sand Verbena
     
     
491. Abronia elliptica  ______
     E: Snowball, Sweet Sand Verbena
     
     
492. Abronia villosa  ______
     E: Sticky Sand Verbena  (or Desert Sand Verbena) 
     
     
493. Abronia fragrans  ______
     E: Fragrant Sand Verbena  (pr "Heart's Delight")
     
     
     Genus ACLEISANTHES
     
     
494. Acleisanthes longiflora  ______  (in dry rocky soil, sand, deserts)
     E: Angel Trumpets
     
     
     Genus ALLIONIA
     
     
495. Allionia incarnata  ______  CD
     E: Trailing Four O'Clock, Trailing Windmills, Trailing Allionia, Umbrella-wort
     
     
     Genus ANULOCAULIS
     
     
496. Anulocaulis leiosolenus  ______
     E: Southwestern Ringstem
     
     
     Genus MIRIBILIS
     
     
497. Miribilis bigelovii  ______
     E: Wishbone Four O'Clock
     
     
498. Miribilis coccinea  ______
     E: Red Four O'Clock
     
     
499. Miribilis froebelii  ______  (in desert scrub, dry grasslands, & pinyon woods)
     E: Desert Four O'Clock
     
     
500. Miribilis longiflora  ______
     E: Sweet Four O'Clock
     S: Maravilla  (meaning "marvelous", which the flowers certainly are)
     
     
501. Miribilis melanotricha  ______
     E: Mountain Four O'Clock
     
     
502. Miribilis mulitflora  ______
     E: Large Four O'Clock  (or Desert Four O'Clock, Colorado Four O'Clock)
     S: Maravilla  (meaning "marvelous" as also noted above for Miribilis longiflora)
     
     
     Genus NYCTAGINIA
     
     
503. Nyctaginia capitata  ______
     E: Scarlet Muskflower 
     
     
     Family OLEACEAE  (Olives)
     
     
     Genus MENODORA
     
     
504. Menodora scabra  ______  CD  MD  SD
     E: Broom Menodora  (or Rough Menodora) 
     
     \
505. Mendora spinescens  ______
     E: Ground-Thorn
     
     
     Family ONAGRACEAE  (Evening Primroses)
     
     
     Genus CALYLOPHUS  
     
     
506. Calylophus hartwegii  ______  CD
     E: Calylophus
     
     
     Genus CAMISSONIA
     
     
507. Camissonia brevipes  ______
     E: Desert Primrose  (or Suncup)
     
     
508. Camissonia boothii  ______
     E: Booth Evening Primrose
     
     
509. Camissonia claviformis  ______  GD  MD  PD  SD
     E: Club-fruited Evening Primrose
     
     
510. Camissionia eastwoodiae  ______  PD  (often grows with Mat Saltbush)
     E: Painted Desert Evening Primrose
     
     
511. Camissionia graciliflora  ______  GD  MD  (on upper slopes of hills)
     E: Hill Suncap
     
     
512. Camissionia refracta  ______  MD  (mostly in the northern part of the Mohave Desert)
     E: Narrow-leaved Evening Primrose
     
     
513. Camissionia strigulosa (dentata)  ______  MD  SD
     E: Tooth-leaved Evening Primrose   
     
     
     Genus EPILOBIUM
     
     
514. Epilobium (formerly Zauschneria) canum  ______
     E: California Fuschsia, Hummingbird's Trumpet, California Fire Chalice
     
     
     Genus GAURA
     
     
515. Gaura coccinea  ______
     E: Scarlet Gaura
     
     
516. Gaura lindheimeri  ______  CD
     E: Prairie Gaura
     
     
     Genus OENOTHERA  (Recent studies have shown that many of the species in the once-larger OENOTHERA genus are better placed in smaller closely-related genera. Thus, some are now in CAMISSONIA. Those plants with four style branches forming a cross remain in OENOTHERA.)
     
     Flowers of most OENOTHERA species are fragrant and open in the late afternoon, remaining open through the night. Nocturnal HAWKMOTHS are attracted by the sweet fragrance and hover over the flowers while probing for the abundant nectar concealed at the base of the long floral tube. Only the HAWKMOTH with its long proboscis can reach the nectar.         
     
     
517. Oenothera albicaulis  ______  CD  PD
     E: White-stemmed Evening Primrose 
     
     
518. Oenothera caespitosa  ______
     E: Fragrant Evening Primrose
     
     
519. Oenothera californica  ______  MD(mostly)  SD
     E: California Evening Primrose 
     
     
520. Oenothera deltoides  ______  MD  SD  (in sandy deserts)
     E: Dune Evening Primrose  (or Basket Evening Primrose, Birdcage Evening Primrose, Devil's Lantern, "Lion-in-a-Cage")
     
     
521. Oenothera pallida  ______  GD
     E: Pale Evening Primrose 
     
     
522. Oenothera primiveris  ______
     E: Early Evening Primrose
     
     
     Family OROBANCHACEAE  (Broomrapes)
     
     
     Genus OROBANCHE
     
     
523. Orobanche cooperi  ______
     E: Cooper's Spike Broomrape
     
     
     Family PAPAVERACEAE  (Poppies)  (W)
     
     
     Genus ARCTOMECON 
     
     
524. Arctomecon merriamii  ______  (with 6 white petals; many yellow stamens)
     E: Great Desert Poppy, Great Bear Poppy, White Bear Poppy
     
     
525. Arctomecon humilis  ______  (in southwest Utah & northwest Arizona)  (with 4 white petals)
     E: Little Desert Poppy
     
     
526. Arctomecon californica  ______  (in south Nevada & northwest Arizona)  (with 6 yellow petals)
     E: Yellow Desert Poppy
     
     
     Genus ARGEMONE    
     
     
527. Argemone munita  ______  GD  MD  PD  SD
     E: Prickly Poppy  (or White Prickly Poppy) 
     S: Chiclote
     
     
     
     
     Prickly Poppy photographed during a FONT tour in Arizona in August 2010
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
528. Argemone polyanthemos  ______  
     E: Prickly Poppy
     
     
529. Argemone sanguinea  ______  (blooms Feb-Apr)
     E: Red Prickly Poppy
     
     
530. Argemone squarrosa  ______  CD
     E: Rough Prickly Poppy
     
     
     Genus ESCHSCHOLZIA
     
     
531. Eschscholzia californica mexicana  ______  
     E: California Poppy
     
     
532. Eschscholzia mexicana  ______
     E: Mexican Poppy
     S: Amapola del Campo  (means "poppy of the countryside")
     
     Once considered a subspecies of the California Poppy, the Mexican Poppy is now recognized as a desert-inhabiting species. The two subspecies are exceedingly similar.
     When there are ample winter rains in the desert, the Mexican Poppy grows in profusion, covering gravelly outwash fans and arid flats with a golden carpet.
     
     
     
     
     Mexican Poppy, photographed during the August 2010 FONT tour
     in southern Arizona
     (photo by Risë Hill)
     
     
533. Eschscholzia parishii  ______
     E: Parish Poppy
     
     
     Genus PLATYSTEMON  (only 1 species) 
     
     
534. Platystemon californicus  ______  GD  MD  SD  (in fine, gravelly soils of desert mountains) 
     E: Cream Cup
     
     
     Family PASSIFLORACEAE
     
     
     Genus PASSIFLORA
     
     
     Some members of the PASSIFLORA genus are host plants for the butterfly: AGRAULIS VANILLAE, Gulf Fritillary.
     
     
535. Passiflora tenuiloba  ______   
     E: Green Passionflower
     
     The Green Passionflower is a vine that climbs over shrubs and grasses on hillsides. Its stems reach 7 feet in length.    
     
     
     Family PEDALIACEAE  (Sesames)
     
     
     Family PLANTAGINACEAE  (Plantains)
     
     
     Genus PLANTAGO 
     
     
536. Plantago patagonica (purshii)  ______
     E: Pursh Plantain
     
     
     Family POLEMONIACEAE  (Phloxes)
     
     
     Genus ERIASTRUM
     
     
537. Eriastrum diffusum  ______
     E: Diffuse Eriastrum
     
     
538. Eriastrum eremicum  ______
     E: Desert Eriastrum
     
     
539. Eriastrum pluriflorum  ______
     E: Many-flowered Eriastrum
     
     
     Genus GILIA
     
     
540. Gilia brecciarum  ______
     E: Great Basin Gilia
     
     
541. Gilia cana  ______
     E: Mohave Gilia
     
     
542. Gilia gunnisonii  ______
     E: Gunnison Gilia
     
     
543. Gilia latiflora  ______
     E: Broad-flowered Gilia
     
     
544. Gilia latifolia  ______
     E: Broad-leaved Gilia
     
     
545. Gilia scopulorum  ______
     E: Rock Gilia
     
     
546. Gilia subnuda  ______
     E: Carmine Gilia 
     
     
     Genus IPOMOPSIS (or GILIA)
     
     
547. Ipomopsis longiflora  (ph)  ______  GD   (flowers from March to October)
     E: Pale Trumpets  (or Long-flowered Gilia)
     
     
     
     
     Pale Trumpets
     (photo by Doris Potter)
     
     
     Genus LANGLOISIA
     
     
548. Langloisia punctata  ______  MD
     E: Lilac Sunbonnet
     
     
549. Langloisia setoissima punctata  ______
     E: Spotted Langloisia, Lilac Sunbonnet  (or Bristly Gilia)
     
     
     Genus LEPTODACTYLON 
     
     
550. Leptodactylon californicum  ______  (in southern California)
     E: Prickly Phlox
     
     
     Genus LINANTHUS
     
     
551. Linanthus aurens  ______  CD  GD  MD  SD    (on desert floors & sandy slopes)
     E: Desert Gold  (or Golden Gilia) 
     
     
552. Linanthus demissus  ______
     E: Humble Gilia
     
     
     Genus LOESELIASTRUM (or LANGLOISIA)
     
     
553. Loeseliastrum matthewsii  ______  MD  SD
     E: Desert Calico
     
     
554. Loeseliastrum schottii  ______
     E: Schott's Gilia
     
     
     Genus PHLOX
     
     
555. Phlox longifolia  ______
     E: Long-leaved Phlox
     
     
556. Phlox nana  ______
     E: Dwarf Phlox
     
     
557. Phlox tennifolia  ______
     E: Slender-leaved Phlox
     
     
     Family POLYGALACEAE  (Milkworts)
     
     
     Genus POLYGALA
     
     
558. Polygala alba  ______
     E: White Milkwort 
     
     
559. Polygala macradenia  ______  CD  (on rocky slopes)  
     E: Gland-spotted Milkwort
     
     
560. Polygala subspinosa  ______  GD  PD
     E: Spiny Milkwort 
     
     
     Family POLYGONACEAE  (Buckwheats)
     
     
     Genus CHORIZANTHE  ("Spine-Flowers")
     
     
561. Chorizanthe brevicornu  ______
     E: Brittle Spineflower
     
     
     Genus ERIOGONUM
     
     
562. Eriogonum annum  ______  CD  (the showiest of the Eriogonum species; in the Chihuahuan Desert, replaces the Desert Trumpet)
     E: Annual Buckwheat
     
     
563. Eriogonum bicolor  ______  PD
     E: Bicolored Buckwheat
     
     
564. Eriogonum deflexum  ______  SD
     E: Flat-topped Buckwheat  
     
     
565. Eriogonum fasciculatum  ______  SD
     E: Mohave Buckwheat  (also called California Buckwheat or Flat-top Buckwheat)
     
     Eriogonum fasciculatum is a host plant for the butterflies: EUPHILOTES BATTOIDES CENTRALIS, Square-spotted Blue, LYCAENA HETERONEA, Blue Copper, APODEMIA MORMO MEJICANA, Mormon Metalmark. 
     
     
566. Eriogonum inflatum  ______  GD  MD  PD  SD  (the best known of the Eriogonum species)
     E: Desert Trumpet  (Other names are: Bladder Stem, Indianpipe Weed, Skeleton Weed)
     
     Eriogonum inflatum is a host plant for the butterfly: APODEMIA MORMO MEJICANA, Mormon Metalmark.   
     
     
567. Eriogonum ovalifolium  ______  GD
     E: Cushion Buckwheat 
     
     
     Genus RUMEX
     
     
568. Rumex hymenosepalus  ______ CD  GD  MD  PD  SD  (most abundant in the Painted Desert)
     E: Canaigre  (or "Wild Rhubarb")
     
     Rumex hymenosepalus is a host plant for the butterflies: LYCAENA RUBIDUS, Ruddy Copper, LYCAENA HELLOIDES, PURPLISH COPPER. 
     
     
     Family PORTULACACEAE  (Purslanes)
     
     
     Genus PORTULACA  
     
     
569. Portulaca mundula  ______  CD  (very similar to the Western Sea Purslane, Sesuvium verrucosum, in the Purslane Family, PORTULACACEAE)
     E: Chisme
     
     
     Genus TALINUM
     
     
570. Talinum aurantiacum  ______  
     E: Flame Flower
     
     
571. Talinum brevifolium  ______  
     E: Pygmy Talinum   
     
     
     Family RANUNCULACEAE  (Buttercups)
     
     
     Genus ANEMONE 
     
     
572. Anemone tuberosa  ______
     E: Desert Anemone
     
     
     Genus AQUILEGIA
     
     
573. Aquilegia chrysantha  ______
     E: Golden Columbine
     
     
     Genus CLEMATIS
     
     
574. Clematis hirsutissima  ______
     E: Vase Flower, Sugar Bowls, Leather Flower 
     
     
575. Clematis ligusticifolia  ______
     E: White Virgin's Bower, Pipestems, Traveler's Joy
     
     
     Genus DELPHINIUM
     
     
576. Delphinium a. andersonii  ______  GD
     Delphinium abdersonii scaposum  ______  MD  PD  SD
     E: Anderson Larkspur
     
     
577. Delphinium parishii  ______
     E: Desert Larkspur
     
     
     Family RHAMNACEAE  (Buckthorns)
     
     
     Genus CEANOTHUS
     
     
578. Ceanothus greggi  ______  PD
     E: Desert Mountain Lilac 
     
     Ceanothus greggi is a host plant for the butterfly: SATYRIUM SAEPIUM, Hedgerow Hairstreak.
     
     
579. Ceanothus intergerrimus  ______  (on dry slopes in chaparral and open forests)
     E: Deer Brush 
     
     Ceanothus intergerrimus is a host plant for the butterflies: CELASTRINA LADON, Spring Azure, NYMPHALIS CALIFORNICA, California Tortoiseshell.  
     
     Genus CONDALIA
     
     
580. Condalia warnockii  ______  CD  SD
     E: Mexican Crucillo
     S: Abrojo
     
     
     Genus ZIZIPHUS  (closely related to CONDALIA)
     
     
581. Ziziphus obtusifolia  ______  CD  MD  SD
     E: Graythorn
     
     
     Family ROSACEAE  (Roses)
     
     
     Genus CERCOCARPUS
     
     
582. Cercocarpus intricatus  ______
     E: Dwarf Mountain Mahogony
     
     
     Genus COLEOGYNE
     
     
583. Coleogyne ramosissima  ______  PD
     E: Blackbrush
     
     
     Genus FALLUGIA 
     
     
584. Fallugia paradoxa  ______
     E: Apache Plume
     
     
     Genus PURSHIA  (or Cowania)
     
     
585. Purshia mexicana  ______
     E: Cliff Rose 
     
     
     Family RUBIACEAE  (Madders)
     
     
     Genus BOUVARDIA 
     
     
586. Bouvardia ternifolia  ______
     E: Scarlet Trumpet
     
     
     Genus HEDYOTIS (or HOUSTONIA)
     
     
587. Hedyotis acerosa  ______
     E: Needle-leaf Hedyotis
     
     
     Family RUTACEAE  (Citrus)
     
     
     Genus THAMNOSMA
     
     
588. Thamnosma montana  ______
     E: Turpentine Broom
     
     
     Family SAURURACEAE  (Lizard Tails)
     
     
     Genus ANEMOPSIS
     
     
589. Anemopsis californica  ______  (in low, moist, saline, or alkaline places)
     E: Yerba Mansa  (taken from the Spanish name)
     S: Yerba Mansa
     
     The aromatic Yerba Mansa root has been put to many medicinal uses: treatment of abrasions, cut, and burns; a cure for a variety of gastrointestinal upsets; a poultice for rheumatism; and a tonic for blood purification. 
     
     
     Family SAPINDACEAE  (Soapberries)  
     
     
     Genus DODONAEA
     
     
590. Dodonaea viscosa angustifolia (or Dodonaea angustifolia)  ______  SD
     E: Hopbush
     
     
     Genus SAPINDUS  (T)
     
     
591. Sapindus drummondii  ______  CD  (in canyons, along streambanks, & on dry limestone outcrops)
     E: Western Soapberry   
     
     
     Family SCROPHULARIACEAE  (Snapdragons, or Figworts)
     
     
     Genus ANTIRRHINUM 
     
     
592. Antirrhinum coulterianum  ______  (found on brushy flats and on slopes with loose soil)
     E: White Snapdragon
     
     
593. Antirrhinum filipes  ______ (in sandy deserts)
     E: Yellow Twining Snapdragon
     
     
     Genus CASTILLEJA  (Paintbrushes)
     
     Most Paintbrushes are partial parasites on other plants, their roots connecting with roots of other species. For this reason, they usually cannot be transplanted and are difficult to grow from seeds.
     Most Paintbrushes are bright red, but a few are yellow.  
     
     
594. Castilleja angustifolia (by some combined with Castilleja chromosa)    ______  GD  (in dry, open soil, often in sagebrush)
     E: Narrow-leaf Paintbrush  
     
     
595. Castilleja chromosa  ______  GD  MD  PD  SD
     E: Desert Paintbrush
     
     Castilleja chromosa is a host plant for the butterfly: EUPHYDRYAS CHALCEDRONA, Variable Checkerspot.  
     
     
596. Castilleja exserta  (or Orthocarpus purpurascens)  ______  SD  (in fields, deserts, and open, wooded areas) 
     E: Purple Owl's Clover  (or Common Owl's Clover)
     S: Escobita  (means "little broom", describing the flower cluster)
     
     
597. Castilleja lanata  ______
     E: White-felted Paintbrush  (or Indian Paintbrush)
     
     Castilleja lanata is a host plant for the butterflies: EUPHYDRYAS CHALCEDRONA, Variable Checkerspot, THESSALIA, Theona Checkerspot, THESSALIA FULVIA, Fulvia Checkerspot, THESSALIA LEANIRA, Leanira Checkerspot. 
     
     
598. Castilleja sessiliflora  ______
     E: Great Plains Paintbrush
     
     
     Genus COLLINSIA  (There are about 20 species in this genus.)
     
     
599. Collinsia heterophylla  ______  (occurs in sandy soil on shaded flats or slopes)
     E: Purple Chinese Houses, Innocence
     
     Few of California's spectacular wildflowers are as charming as the Purple Chinese Houses. The flowers grow in perfect rings around the stem, together forming a fairy-tale pagoda, the "Chinese Houses".   
     
     
     Genus CORDYLANTHUS
     
     
600. Cordylanthus wrightii  ______  PD
     E: Wright Bird's -beak
     
     
     Genus KECKIELLA
     
     
601. Keckiella antirrhinoides  ______  SD
     E: Bush Beardtongue  (has been called Bush Penstemon)
     
     Keckiella antirrhinoides is a host plant for the butterfly: EUPHYDRYAS CHALCEDONA, Variable Checkerspot. 
     
     
     Genus LEUCOPHYLLUM
     
     
602. Leucophyllum frutescens  ______  (in rocky, limestone plains, brushlands, and deserts)
     E: Texas Silver Leaf, Purple Sage
     S: Cenizo
     
     As one travels across Texas near the Mexican border, the olive-green of the Creosote Bush gives way to the gray of the Texas Silver Leaf, with its display of bright pink-lavender flowers. They burst into bloom for only a few days at a time, in the summer and fall, depending on rainfall.  
     
     
603. Leucophyllum unius  ______  CD
     E: Big Bend Silver Leaf 
     
     
     Genus MAURANDYA  (a member of this genus, the Little Snapdragon Vine, that occurs in or near desert areas is in the list that follows of Trees, Shrubs, & Plants at Higher Places, "Islands in the Sky")
     
     
604. Maurandya antirrhiniflora  ______
     E: Violet Snapdragon-vine
     
     
605. Maurandya wislizenii  ______  CD  (ranging west into Arizona)  (among shrubs & on dunes)
     E: Dune Snapdragon Vine  (or Net-cup Snapdragon Vine)
     
     
     Genus MIMULUS
     
     
606. Mimulus bigelovii  ______
     E: Bigelow Monkey Flower
     
     
607. Mimulus parryi  ______
     E: Parry Monkey Flower
     
     
     Genus MOHAVEA
     
     
608. Mohavea breviflora  ______  MD
     E: Short-flowered Mohavea
     
     
609. Mohavea confertiflora  ______  MD  (in desert washes & on rocky slopes)
     E: Ghost Flower, Mohave Flower 
     
     
     Genus NUTTALLANTHUS
     
     
610. Nuttallanthus canadensis  ______
     E: Blue Toadflax, Old-field Toadflax 
     
     
611. Nuttallanthus texanus  ______
     E: Texas Toadflax  
     
     The Texas Toadflax is similar to the Blue Toadflax, but it is less common in the Southwest US. 
     Its flowers and seeds are larger.  
     
     
     Genus PENSTEMON
     
     
612. Penstemon accuminatus  ______
     E: Sand-dune Penstemon
     
     
613. Penstemon clevelandii  ______
     E: Cleveland Penstemon
     
     
614. Penstemon confusus  ______
     E: Mistaken Penstemon
     
     
615. Penstemon eatonii  ______
     E: Firecracker Penstemon
     
     
616. Penstemon palmeri  ______
     E: Scented Penstemon
     
     
617. Penstemon parryi  ______   SD  (found on grassy pr brushy slopes and flats)
     E: Parry Penstemon  
     
     The Parry Penstemon, a handsome species, is commonly included in highway seeding mixes. And so, its range has expanded. Along highways, it's possible to see spectacular splashes of color from this species, against grasses still brown from winter.  
     
     
618. Penstemon pseudospectabilis  ______
     E: High-Desert Penstemon
     
     
619. Penstemon speciisus  ______
     E: Showy Penstemon
     
     
620. Penstemon utahensis  ______
     E: Utah Penstemon 
     
     
     Family SIMMONDSIACEAE  (Jojobas)
     
     
     Genus SIMMONDSIA
     
     
621. Simmondsia chinensis  ______  SD
     E: Jojoba
     S: Jojoba  
     
     
     Family SOLANACEAE  (Nightshades)
     
     
     Genus CHAMAESARACHA
     
     
622. Chamaesarachia coronopus  ______
     E: False Nightshade
     
     
623. Chamaesaracha sordida  ______  (This & other species in the genus are common but not conspicuous. The corollas are dull, and the foliage often has an earthen hue.)   
     E: Dingy Chamaesaracha
     
     
     Genus DATURA  (Thornapples)  (W)
     
     
624. Datura wrightii  (or Datura meteloides) (ph)  ______  GD,SD  (unusual in the genus in that it is a perennial)
     E: Southwestern Thornapple 
     
     
     
     
     Two photographs of the Southwestern Thornapple. Below, in bloom.
     (both photos by Doris Potter)
     
     
     
     
625. Datura innoxia  ______  
     E: Thornapple     
     
     Some botanists consider Datura innoxia as part of Datura wrightii. Extracts from both of these plants, and their other relatives, are narcotic and, when improperly prepared, lethal. The narcotic properties have been recorded throughout history. They once figured importantly in religious ceremonies of Native Americans in the Southwest US.
     
     
626. Datura discolor  ______  SD  (an annual)
     E: Desert Thornapple   
     
     
627. Datura stramonium ______  SD  (an annual)    
     E: Jimson Weed  (This common name is a corruption of "Jamestown Weed", so named because the plant grew near the homes of the Jamestown (Virginia) colonists.)
     
     The Jimson Weed is originally from Mexico. The plant was carried throughout much of the world for medicinal use. 
     The fruit has many small spines and does not hang. The corolla is only about 3 inches long. 
     
     
     Genus LYCIUM
     
     
628. Lycium andersonii  ______
     E: Anderson Wolfberry
     
     
629. Lycium fremontii  ______  SD
     E; Fremont Desert-Thorn  (or Wolfberry, Boxthorn)
     
     
630. Lycium p. pallidum  ______  CD  GD  PD  SD
     Lycium pallidum oligospermum  ______  MD
     E: Pale Desert-Thorn
     
     
631. Lycium torreyi  ______
     E: Torrey Wolfberry
     S: Tomatilla
     
     
     Genus NICOTIANA  (All of these "Tobaccos" are poisonous. They are so strong-smelling and distasteful that livestock, and other animals, usually avoid them.)     
     
     
632. Nicotiana glauca  ______    
     E: Tree Tobacco
     
     The Tree Tobacco is a native plant of South America; now widespread in parts of the western US & into Mexico.  
     
     
633. Nicotiana obtusifolia  ______  
     E: Desert Tobacco
     S: Tabaquillo  (meaning "little tobacco"), also called Punche ("a punch")
     
     The Desert Tobacco smoked, still to this day, by Native Americans in traditional ceremonies.
     
     
634. Nicotiana attenuata  ______
     E: Coyote Tobacco       
     
     
     Genus PHYSALIS  (Ground Cherries)  (W)
     
     
635. Physalis crassifolia  ______
     E: Thick-leaf Groundcherry
     
     
636. Physalis hederifolia  ______
     E: Ivyleaf Groundcherry
     
     
637. Physalis lobata  ______
     E: Lobed Groundcherry
     
     
     Genus QUINCULA  (formerly PHYSALIS, but the purple flower and the flat, scale-like hairs on the leaves are considered distinctive) 
     
     
638. Quincula lobata  ______     
     E: Purple Groundcherry
     
     
     The berry of the Purple Groundcherry is edible, but caution is advised, for the flower resembles some of those in the genus that follows here, SOLANIUM with both edible and deadly berries. 
     
     
     Genus SOLANUM  (Potatoes & Eggplants are among the nonpoisonous and economically important plants in this huge genus.)  (W)    
     
     
639. Solanum elaeagnifolium  (ph)  ______  GD  
     E: Silverleaf Nightshade
     
     
     
     
     Silverleaf Nightshade
     (photo by Doris Potter)
     
     
     The Silverleaf Nightshade has also had the common English names of Silver Horsenettle and White Horsenettle. 
     The star-like flowers of the plant are bluish-violet, violet, or lavender in color. Large patches of it, when in full bloom, are striking. 
     However, the. plant is an aggressive poisonous weed, that spreads steadily from deep rootstocks. In some US states, it is classified as a "noxious weed".
     
     
640. Solanum carolinense  (ph)  ______  GD
     E: Horsenettle
     
     
     
     
     Horsenettle
     (photo by Doris Potter)
     
     
641. Solanum rostratum  ______
     E: Buffalo Bar
     
     Abundant prickles help to discourage livestock from grazing on Buffalo Bar, which is a highly toxic plant.
     
     
642. Solanum dulcamara  ______
     E: Bittersweet Nightshade
     
     
643. Solanum americanum  ______
     E: Black Nightshade
     
     
     Family VERBENACEAE  (Vervains, Verbenas)
     
     
     Genus ALOYSIA
     
     
644. Aloysia gratissima  ______
     E: Common Bee Bush
     
     
645. Aloysia wrightii  ______  SD
     S: Oreganillo   
     
     
     Genus GLANDULARIA
     
     
646. Glandularia hipinnatifida  ______  (in open fields & weedy areas)
     E: Western Pink Vervain
     S: Moradilla  (coming from "morado" meaning "purple", this Spanish name means "little purple one") 
     
     
     Genus VERBENA
     
     
647. Verbena gooddingii  ______
     E: Southwestern Verbena
     
     
648. Verbena neomexicana  ______
     E: Hillside Vervain
     
     
649. Verbena perennis  ______
     E: Pinleaf Vervain
     
     
650. Verbena wrightii  ______
     E: Desert Verbena
     
     
     
     Family VISCACEAE (or LORANTHACEAE)  (Mistletoes)
     
     
     Genus PHORADENDRON    
     
       
     Some members of the PHORADENDRON genus are host plants for the butterflies: ATLIDES HALESUS, Great Purple Hairstreak, CALLOPHRYS SPINETORUM, Thicket Hairstreak.  
     
     
651. Phoradendron californicum  ______  SD   (in the desert from Nevada & southern California south to central Baja California & southern Sonora in Mexico) 
     E: Desert Mistletoe 
     
     
652. Phoradendron macrophyllum  (ph) (*)  ______  GD,SD     
     E: Big-leaf Mistletoe  
     
     
     
     
     Big-leaf Mistletoe
     (photo by Doris Potter)
     
     
     Family ZYGOPHYLLACEAE  (Caltrops)
     
     
     Genus FAGONIA
     
     
653. Fagonia laevis ______  MD  SD  (on rocky slopes & in washes in deserts)
     E: Fagonia
     
     
     Genus KALLSTROEMIA
     
     
654. Kallstroemia grandiflora  ______  SD  (open sandy areas in deserts)
     E: Desert Poppy, Summer Poppy, Arizona Poppy
     
     The Desert Poppy, and other species in the same genus, are not true poppies, nor even are they close relatives. But they resemblance is there. Large patches provide a display as brilliant and spectacular as those of the California Poppy (ESCHSCHOLZIA californica).           
     
     
655. Kallstroemia parviflora  ______  SD  (with smaller flowers than K. grandiflora, that are orange)  
     E: Small-flowered Carpetweed
     
     
656. Kallstroemia californica  ______  SD  (with smaller flowers than K. grandiflora, that are yellow)
     E: California Carpetweed
     
     
     Genus LARREA  (S)
     
     
657. Larrea tridentata  (was conspecific with Larrea divaricata of South America)  ______  CD  MD  SD 
     (the most common & widespread shrub in 3 of the 4 North American deserts; cold winters exclude it from the Great Basin Desert; especially common in well-drained soils of "bajadas" or alluvial fans, and on flats.) 
     E: Creosote Bush
     S: Gobernadora
     
     Creosote Bushes are adapted to desert living. Where they are the dominant plants, they often grow in evenly spaced rows - a "self-imposed" method of rationing water. A strong-smelling resin coats the leaves, reducing moisture loss.   
     
     
     ___________________________________________________________________________________
     
     
     
     
     Trees, Flowers, & Other Plants in Higher Country near the Deserts: 
     
     THE FLORA OF "ISLANDS IN THE SKY" 
     
     
     
     Family APIACEAE  (Carrots)
     
     
     Genus ERYNGIUM
     
     
658. Eryngium heterophyllum  ______  (in sandy soil in grasslands, open woods, and along watercourse, usually in mountains)
     E: Mexican Thistle 
     
     
     Family BERBERIDACEAE  (Barberries)
     
     
     Genus BERBERIS
     
     
659. Berberis aquifolium  ______  (in open pine forests)
     E: Oregon Grape
     
     
     Family BRASSICACEAE  (Mustards)
     
     
     Genus DRABA
     
     
660. Draba oligoperma  ______
     E: Comb Draba
     
     
     Family CAMPANULACEAE  (Bellflowers)
     
     
     Genus LOBELIA
     
     
661. Lobelia anatina  ______
     E: Southwestern Blue Lobelia
     
     
662. Lobelia cardinalis  ______  CD
     E: Scarlet Lobelia, Cardinal Flower
     
     The Scarlet Lobelia attracts hummingbirds, that feed on the insects and pollinate the flowers.
     
     
     Family COMMELINACEAE  (Spiderworts)
     
     
     Genus COMMELINA
     
     
663. Commelina dianthifolia  ______  (occurs among pinon, other pines, and junipers)
     E: Western Dayflower
     
     
664. Commelina erecta  ______
     E: Slender Dayflower
     S: Hierba de Pollo  (means "herb of the chicken")
     
     
     Genus TRADESCANTIA
     
     
665. Tradescantia pinetorium  ______
     E: Pine Spiderwort 
     
     
     Family CUPRESSACEAE  (T)
     
     
     Genus CUPRESSUS  (Cypresses)
     
     
666. Cupressus arizonica  ______  CD,SD
     E: Arizona Cypress 
     
     
     Genus JUNIPERUS  (Junipers)
     
     
667. Juniperus flaccida  ______  CD
     E: Drooping Juniper  (also called Weeping Juniper) 
     
     
668. Juniperus deppeana  ______  CD
     E: Alligator Juniper    
     
     
669. Juniperus pinchotii  ______  CD
     E: Redberry Juniper 
     
     
670. Juniperus osteosperma  _____  GD
     E: Utah Juniper, Bigberry Juniper 
     
     
671. Juniperus communis  (ph) (*)   ______  GD
     E: Common Juniper, Dwarf Juniper 
     
     
     
     
     Common Juniper
     (photo by Doris Potter)
     
     
     Family FABACEAE  (Legumes, Peas)
     
     
     Genus LOTUS
     
     
672. Lotus wrightii  ______  GD  (found mainly among Ponderosa Pine and among pinyon and juniper) 
     E: Wright's Deer Vetch
     
     Wright's Deer Vetch is a favored browse for deer and domestic livestock.
     As with many species in the pea family, it has an intricate method of pollination that generally requires the aid of insects.
     
     
     Genus THERMOPSIS
     
     
673. Thermopsis rhombifolia montana  ______  (in meadows and coniferous forest openings) 
     E: Yellow Pea, Golden Pea, Buck Bean
     
     
     Genus TRIFOLIUM
     
     
674. Trifolium wormskioldii  ______
     E: Cow Clover  
     
     
     Family FAGACEAE  (Beeches) (T)
     
     
     Genus QUERCUS  (Oaks)
     
     
675. Quercus grisea  ______  CD
     E: Gray Oak
     
     
676. Quercus emoryi ______  CD 
     E: Emory Oak
     
     
677. Quercus gravesii  ______  CD
     E: Graves Oak 
     
     
678. Quercus intricata ______  CD  (in the US known only in the Eagle & Chisos Mountains of west Texas)   
     E: Coahuila Scrub Oak 
     
     
679. Quercus pungens vaseyana  ______  CD
     E: Vasey Oak 
     
     
680. Quercus graciliformis  ______  CD  (endemic to Chisos Mountains of west Texas) 
     E: Chisos Oak
     
     
681. Quercus tardifolia  ______  CD  (occurs only locally in the Chisos Mountains of west Texas) 
     E: Lateleaf Oak 
     
     
     Family GENTIANACEAE
     
     
682. Gentianella amarella  ______  (in meadows and moist areas in mountains) 
     E: North Gentian
     
     
     Genus SWERTIA  (this genus has been merged with FRASERA)
     
     
683. Swertia radiata (formerly Frasera speciosa)   ______
     E: Monument Plant, Deer's Ears
     
      
     Family IRIDACEAE  (Irises) 
     
     
     Genus SISYRINCHIUM  
     
     
684. Sisyrinchum cernuum  ______
     E: Yellow-eyed (or Golden-eyed) Grass
     
     
685. Sisrinchum longipes  ______
     E: Yellow-eyed (or Golden-eyed) Grass
     
     
686. Sisrinchum arizonicum  ______
     E: Arizona Golden-eyed Grass
     
     
     Family LILIACEAE  (Lilies)
     
     
     Genus ALLIUM
     
     
687. Allium acuminaum  ______  (in open country, often on rocky slopes among brush and pines)
     E: Hooker's Onion
     
     
688. Allium cernuum  ______  (in moist soil in sagebrush and woods)
     E: Nodding Onion
     
     
     Genus CALOCHORTUS
     
     
689. Calochortus nuttallii  ______  (in dry soil in sagebrush and in open pine woods)
     E: Sego Lily
     
     
     Family LINACEAE  (Flaxes)
     
     
     Genus LINUM
     
     
690. Linum perenne  ______  (found in prairies and meadows, and on open mountain slopes)  
     E: Wild Blue Flax, Western Blue Flax
     
     Several Native American tribes used Wild Blue Flax to make rope.
     
     
     Family MALVACEAE  (Mallows)
     
     
     Genus SIDALCEA
     
     
691. Sidalcea neomexicana  ______
     E; Checkermallow
     
     
     Family MONOTROPACEAE
     
     
     Genus MONOTROPA
     
     
692. Monotropa uniflora  ______
     E: Indian Pipe
     
     
     Genus PTEROSPORA
     
     
693. Pterospora andromedea  ______  (especially common in the western US under Ponderosa Pines) 
     E: Pinedrops
     
     
     Family ONAGRACEAE  (Evening Primroses)
     
     
     Genus CHAMERION
     
     
694. Chamerion angustifolium  ______ (in disturbed and cool areas; frequently along highways, and in burned areas)
     E: Fireweed
     
     
     Genus GAUREA
     
     
695. Gaurea coccinea  ______  (in sandy soil among pinyons and junipers)
     E: Scarler Gaura
     
     
     Family ORCHIDACEAE  (Orchids)
     
     
     Genus HEXALECTRIS
     
     
696. Hexalectris warnockii  ______  CD  (the most common Hexalectris in Big Bend National Park; also occurs in southeastern Arizona)
     E: Texas Purple Spike
     
     The Texas Purple Spike is one of 5 Hexalectris orchids in the Southwest US.
     
     
     Genus LISTERA
     
     
697. Listera convallarioides  ______  (in southern Arizona, in addition to other places in much of North America; also in Asia)
     E: Broad-leafed Twayblade
     
     
     Genus SPIRANTHES
     
     
698. Spiranthes romanzoffiana  ______
     E: Hooded Ladies' Tresses
     
     
     Family OXALIDACEAE  (Wood Sorrels)
     
     
     Genus OXALIS
     
     
699. Oxalis violacea  ______  
     E: Violet Wood Sorrel
     
     
700. Oxalis alpina  ______  (from northern New Mexico & central Arizona south to Guatemala) 
     E: Mountain Wood Sorrel 
     
     
701. Oxalis decaphylla  ______  (in the Southwest US & Mexico)
     E: Ten-leaved Wood Sorrel  
     
     
     Family PINACEAE  (T)
     
     
     Genus PINUS   (Pines & Pinyons)
     
     
702. Pinus ponderosa  ______  CD
     E: Ponderosa Pine 
     
     
703. Pinus cembroides  ______  CD  
     E: Mexican Pinyon    
     
     
     Family POLEMONIACEAE  (Phloxes)
     
     
     Genus GILIA
     
     
704. Gilia rigidula  ______
     E: Blue Gilia 
     
     
     Genus LINANTHUS
     
     
705. Linanthus nuttallii  ______
     E: Nuttall's Linanthus
     
     
     Family POLYGONACEAE  (Buckwheats)
     
     
     Genus POLYGONUM
     
     
706. Polygonum bistortoides  ______  (moist mountain meadows & streamsides)
     E: Western Bistort, Smokeweed
     
     
     Family PRIMULACEAE  (Primroses)
     
     
     Genus DODECATHEON 
     
     
707. Dodecatheon alpinum  ______
     E: Alpine Shooting Star
     
     
708. Dodecatheon dentatum  ______
     E: White Shooting Star, Dentate Shooting Star
     
     
709. Dodecatheon pulchellum  ______
     E: Few-flowered Shooting Star 
     
     
     Family ROSACEAE
     
     
     Genus POTENTILLA
     
     
710. Potentilla thurberi  ______  (in rich soil in coniferous forests, damp meadows, and along streams)
     E: Red Cinquefoil 
     
     
     Family RUBIACEAE   (Madders)
     
     
     Genus BOUVARDIA
     
     
711. Bouvarddia ternifolia  ______
     E: Scarlet Bouvardia
     S: Trompetilla  (means "little trumpet", referring to the shape of the corolla)  
     
     The spectacular red corolla of the Scarlet Bouvardia attracts, and provides nectar for, hummingbirds.
     
     
     Family SAXIFRAGACEAE  (Saxifrages)
     
     
     Genus HENCHERA
     
     
712. Henchera sanguinea  ______  (found in moist, shaded, rocky places)
     E: Coral Bells
     
     
     Genus SAXIFRAGA
     
     
713. Saxifraga rhomboidea  ______  (moist places in hills with sagebrush)
     E: Diamondleaf Saxifrage
     
     
     Family SCROPHULARIACEAE  (Snapdragons, or Figworts)
     
     
     Genus CORDYLANTHUS  (Birdbeaks - nearly 40 species occur in the western US) 
     
     
714. Cordylanthus wrightii  ______  (on open sandy areas on plains & in pine forests)
     E: Wright's Birdbeak
     
     
     Genus MAURANDYA
     
     
715. Maurandya antirrhiniflora  ______  (in sandy and gravelly soil in deserts, at times on rock walls and among pinyons & junipers)
     E: Little Snapdragon Vine, Violet Twining
     
     
     Genus PENSTEMON  (a huge genus, with several having beautiful blue-violet flowers and narrow leaves)
     
     
716. Penstemon barbatus  ______  (on dry rocky slopes in open forests)
     E: Goldenbeard Penstemon
     
     
717. Penstemon linarioides  ______  (in open, often rocky soil at moderate elevations)
     E: Narrowleaf Penstemon
     
     The Narrowleaf Penstemon is a common member of the genus in dry open woodlands in the Southwest US.
     
     
718. Penstemon palmeri  ______  (in open, rocky areas among sagebrush, pinyons & junipers, and pinewoods) 
     E: Balloon Flower
     
     
     Family STERCULIACEAE  (Cacaos)
     
     
     Genus FREMONTODENDRON
     
     
719. Fremontodendron californicum  ______  (on dry slopes in brush or pine forests)
     E: Flannel Brush, Fremontia
     
     
720. Fremontodendron mexicanum  ______
     E: Mexican Fremontia
     
     
     Family VERBENACEAE  (Verbenas)
     
     
     Genus VERBENA  
     
     There are several species in the VERBANA genus that are tall and with either thick or slender spikes of flowers. 
     These Vervains are not easy to distinguis from one another. 
     
     
721. Verbena macdougalii  ______
     E: New Mexico Vervain
     
     The New Mexico Vervain resembles members of the Mint Family (LAMIACEAE), but it lacks the aromatic odor.
     It has relatively thick spikes.      
     
     
     Family VIOLACEAE  (Violets)  
     
     In this family totally, there are about 16 genera and 800 species, found nearly throughout the world.
     
     
     Genus VIOLA
     
     
722. Viola adunca  ______  (in meadows & on open slopes from sea level to the timberline)
     E: Blue Violet 
     
     _____________________________________________________________________________________
     
     
     DESERT GRASSES
     (native)
     
     
     Genus MUHLENBERGIA
     
     
723. Muhlenbergia emersleyi  ______  SD
     E: Bull Grass
     
     
     Genus BOTHRIOCHLOA
     
     
724. Bothriochloa (formerly Andropogon) barbinodis    ______  SD
     E: Cane Beardgrass 
     
     
     Genus BOUTELOUA  (HILARIA)
     
     
725. Bouteloua chondrosioides
     Bouteloua eriopoda
     Bouteloua gracilis
     Bouteloua hirsuta
     Hilaria belangeri   ______  SD
     E: Curly Mesquite Grasses, Gramas  
     
     
726. Bouteloua breviseta  ______  CD
     
     
727. Bouteloua eriopoda  ______  CD
     E: Black Grama
     
     
     Genus SETARIA
     
     
728. Setaria macrostachya  ______  SD
     E: Plains Bristlegrass 
     
     
     Genus ERAGROSTIS
     
     
729. Eragrostis intermedia  ______  SD
     E: Plains Lovegrass
     
     
     Genus ELYMUS
     
     
730. Elymus elymoides  (formerly Sitanion hystrix)  ______  SD
     E: Squirrel Tail 
     
     
     Genus DIGITARIA
     
     
731. Digitaria californica  ______  SD
     E: Arizona Cottontop
     
     
     Genus STIPA
     
     
732. Stipa speciosa  ______  SD
     E: Desert Needlegrass 
     
     
     Genus HETEROPOGON
     
     
733. Heteropogon contortus  ______  SD
     E: Tanglehead
     
     
     Genus ARISTIDA  (Threeawns)
     
     
734. Aristida purpurea  ______  SD
     E: Purple Threeawn
     
     
735. Aristida parishii  ______  SD
     E: 
     
     
736. Aristida ternipes  ______  SD
     E: 
     
     
737. Aristida californica  ______  SD
     E:
     
     
     Genus CENCHRUS  (Sandburs)
     
     
738. X  ______
     X
     
     
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