PO Box 9021, Wilmington, DE 19809, USA
E-mail: font@focusonnature.com
Phone: Toll-free in USA 1-800-721-9986
 or 302/529-1876

 


Caribbean Birds  
in the West Indies

Guineafowl to 
Hummingbirds

Noting those found during
Focus On Nature Tours
with an (*)

1990 thru 2011

In Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, the Cayman Islands, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, & Saint Vincent.   

During the months of January, February, March, April, May, July, December.

Also noted during this two-part list are birds in the Bahamas and Cuba.   


Photo at upper right: a GREEN-THROATED CARIB, photographed during a FONT tour
 

PART 1 of a Caribbean Bird List, with some Photos 
 compiled by Armas Hill, the leader of most of the FONT tours on those islands

Link to Part #2 of this List of West Indies Birds, Trogons to Buntings

In this list (parts 1 & 2), there are 537 species of birds. 357 have been found during FONT tours in the Caribbean, with 2 notable subspecies also noted here.

In the CAYMAN ISLANDS, there have been 6 FONT birding & nature tours since 1999, during which 97 species of birds have cumulatively been found.   
     
In the DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, during 17 FONT birding & nature tours, 189 species of birds have cumulatively been found.

In JAMAICA, during 10 FONT birding & nature tours, 155 species of birds have cumulatively been found.

In the LESSER ANTILLES, 140 species of birds have cumulatively been found. 3 subspecies brings that list to 143. The Lesser Antillean tours have included 15 in SAINT LUCIA, 10 in SAINT VINCENT, 7 in DOMINICA, 2 in ANTIGUA, 2 in BARBADOS, 1 in BARBUDA, 1 in GRENADA, & 1 in GUADELOUPE.    
 
In PUERTO RICO, during 27 FONT birding & nature tours, 186 species of birds have cumulatively been found.
Codes:

(i):    introduced in the Caribbean, or on the particular island (or in the particular country) 

(t):    a globally threatened or rare species, designated by Birdlife International
          (t1): critical 
          (t2): endangered
          (t3): vulnerable
(nt):  a near-threatened species globally

(e):       endemic to the particular island (or the particular county)
(qe):     quasi (or near) endemic 
(r):        rare on the particular island (or in the particular country)  
(p):       seen pelagically (but not exclusively so)
(mi):     on Mona Island, off Puerto Rico

(HIe):          endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic & Haiti) 
(LAe):         endemic to the Lesser Antilles
(LAe):         quasi (or nearly) endemic to the Lesser Antilles
(PR&VIe):   endemic to Puerto Rico & the Virgin Islands
(WIr):         rare in the West Indies 

(ph):  species with a photo in the FONT website 


In the list that follows, relating to sightings during FONT tours, the Caribbean island, or country & the months are noted.
AT:           Antigua          
BD:           Barbados
BH:           Bahama Islands
BU:           Barbuda
CU:           Cuba
CY:           the Cayman Islands
DM:          Dominica
DR:           Dominican Republic (on Hispaniola)
GD:           Guadeloupe
GR:           Granada
HA:           Haiti  (on Hispaniola)
JM:           Jamaica
PR:           Puerto Rico   
SL:           Saint Lucia
SV:           Saint Vincent

 Other island codes:
HI:            Hispaniola
VI:            the Virgin Islands
Links within this List to Bird Groupings:

Waterfowl    Pelagic Birds    Grebes    Flamingo, Ibises, Spoonbill    Herons & Egrets

Tropicbirds, Frigatebird, Pelicans, Boobies    Cormorants & Anhinga,    Raptors (including Vultures)

Rails, Crakes, Gallinules, Coots    Shorebirds    Gulls, Terns, Skimmer, Jaegers    Pigeons & Doves

Parakeets & Parrots    Cuckoos    Owls    Potoo, Nightjars, Nighthawks    Swifts    Hummingbirds

Other Links:

Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours:   in the Caribbean

in 2012    in 2013    by geographic location worldwide

FONT Past Tour Highlights

Birds-Lists for:   Cayman Islands   Dominican Republic   Jamaica  

Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Dominica, & Guadeloupe)      Puerto Rico  

Rare Birds of the Caribbean today & those that have gone extinct 

Butterflies of the Caribbean  (with some photos)

Mammals of the Caribbean  (Land & Marine)

Fish of the Caribbean    Other Marine Life  (including corals, jellyfish, mollusks, arthropods)

Amphibians & Reptiles of the Caribbean

Directory of Photos in this Website
Bird-List:

  1. Rufous-vented Chachalaca  ______
    Ortalis ruficauda 
  2. Helmeted (or Common) Guinea-Fowl  (i) (*) ______  BU:feb  CU  DR:feb,mar,apr,jul  PR:feb
    Numida meleagris
  3. Northern Bobwhite (i) (*) ______  BH  CU  DR:mar
    Colinus virginianus
  4. (Feral) Red Junglefowl (i) (*)  ______  CY:feb,jun,dec  DR:mar,apr
    Gallus gallus


    WATERFOWL
  5. West Indian Whistling Duck  (t3) (*) (ph)  ______  BH  BU:feb  CU  CY:feb(125 during 1 tour),jun,dec  DR:mar,apr  JM:mar  PR:feb,mar  (has also been called West Indian Tree Duck)
    Dendrocygna arborea      (monotypic)



    West Indian Whistling Ducks seen during a FONT tour on Grand Cayman Island
      
  6. Fulvous Whistling Duck  (*)   ______  BH  CU  PR:feb(rare)
    Dendrocygna bicolor

  7. Black-bellied Whistling Duck  (ph)  ______  BH  CU
    Dendrocygna autumnalis
  8. Orinoco Goose  ______
    Neochen jubata
  9. Canada Goose  ______  BH(rare)  CU(rare)
    Branta canadensis
  10. Snow Goose  (ph)  ______  BH  CU
    Chen caerulescens
  11. Greater White-fronted Goose  ______  CU(rare)
    Anser albifrons
  12. Wood Duck  (ph)  ______  BH  CU
    Aix sponsa
  13. White-cheeked Pintail  (*)  ______  BH  BU:feb  CU  DR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  HA  PR:feb,mar,apr
    Anas b. bahamensis (t3)

  14. Blue-winged Teal  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  CY:feb,dec  DM  DR:feb,mar,apr,dec  HA  JM:mar,apr  PR:mar,apr  SL
    Anas discors      (monotypic)
  15. Baikal Teal  (*) (ph)  ______ CY  (see note following list)
    Anas formosa      (monotypic)
  16. American Wigeon  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  DR:feb,mar,apr,dec  HA  JM:feb  PR
    Anas americana      (monotypic)

  17. Northern Shoveler  (*)  ______  BH  CU  DR:feb,apr  HA  JM:feb
    Anas clypeata      (monotypic)
  18. Northern Pintail  (ph)  ______  BH  CU  PR
    Anas acuta
  19. Mallard  (ph)  ______  BH(rare)  CU(rare)
    Anas platyrhynchos
  20. American Black Duck  (ph)  ______  BH(rare)
    Anas rubripes

  21. Gadwall  (ph)  ______  BH  CU(rare)
    Anas strepera
  22. Green-winged Teal  (ph)  ______  BH  CU
    Anas carolinensis
  23. Cinnamon Teal  ______  BH(rare)  CU(rare)
    Anas cyanoptera
  24. Ring-necked Duck  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  JM:mar
    Aythya collaris      (monotypic)
     
  25. Lesser Scaup  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  CY:dec  DR:mar  HA  JM:mar  PR
    Aythya affinis      (monotypic)
  26. Canvasback  ______  BH(rare)  CU(rare)
    Aythya valisineria
  27. Redhead  (ph)  ______  BH(rare)  CU(rare)
    Aythya americana
  28. Greater Scaup  ______  BH(rare)
    Aythya marila
  29. Bufflehead  (ph)  ______  BH(rare)  CU(rare)
    Bucephala albeola
  30. Hooded Merganser  (ph)  ______  BH(rare)  CU(rare)
    Lophodytes cucullatus
  31. Red-breasted Merganser  (ph)  ______  BH(rare)  CU(rare)
    Mergus serrator  
  32. Ruddy Duck  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  DR:mar,apr  HA  PR:feb,apr
    Oxyura j. jamaicensis



    A female Ruddy Duck, Oxyura jamaicensis 
    (photo by Kim Steininger)

  33. Masked Duck  (*)   ______  BH(rare)  CU  DR:feb  JM:feb  PR(r)  SL
    Nomonyx     (formerly Oxyura) dominicus  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
  34. Common Loon  ______  CU(rare)
    Gavia immer


    PELAGIC BIRDS
  35. Black-capped Petrel (p) (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU(rare)  PR(rare)
    Pterodroma h. hasitata



    Black-capped Petrel
  36. Jamaican Petrel  ______  (presumed extinct)
    Pterodroma caribbaea
  37. Audubon's Shearwater (p) (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  PR
    Puffinus l. lherminieri



    Audubon's Shearwaters
         (a black-and-white photo by Alan Brady)
     
  38. Great Shearwater  (ph)  ______  BH
    Puffinus gravis
  39. Sooty Shearwater  (ph)  ______  BH  CU(rare)
    Puffinus griseus
  40. Cory's Shearwater  (ph)  ______  BH  CU(rare)
    Calonectris diomedea
  41. Leach's Storm Petrel (p) (*)  ______  BH  CU  PR
     Oceanodroma l. leucorhoa
  42. Band-rumped Storm Petrel  ______  CU(rare)
    Oceanodroma castro
  43. Wilson's Storm Petrel  (ph)  ______  BH  CU
    Oceanites oceanicus


    GREBES
  44. Least Grebe  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  DR:mar,apr,dec  JM:mar,apr
    Tachybaptus     (formerly Podiceps) d. dominicus
  45. Pied-billed Grebe  (*)  ______  BH  BU:feb  CU  CY:feb,jun,dec  DM  DR:feb,mar,apr,dec  HA:apr  JM:mar,apr  PR:feb,mar,apr  SL
    Podilymbus podiceps antillarum


    FLAMINGO, STORK, IBISES, SPOONBILL
  46. American Flamingo  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  DR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  HA,PR(r) (was considered conspecific with the Greater Flamingo, Phoenicopterus roseus, of Europe & Africa)
    Phoenicopterus ruber



    American Flamingo
  47. Wood Stork  (ph)  ______  BH(rare)  CU
    Mycteria americana
  48. Glossy Ibis  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  DR:jan,feb,mar,apr,dec  HA  JM:mar,apr  PR:feb(rare)
    Plegadis falcinellus      (now said to be monotypic)
      
  49. American White Ibis  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  CY:jun  DR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  JM:apr
    Eudocimus albus      (monotypic)



    American White Ibis
         (photo by Howard Eskin)
  50. Scarlet Ibis  ______
    Eudocimus ruber
  51. Roseate Spoonbill  (*) (ph)   ______  BH  CU  DR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec
    Platalea ajaja      (monotypic) 






    Two photographs of Roseate Spoonbills, as seen in the
    Dominican Republic
    (upper photo of adults in breeding plumage, 
     lower photo of a bird in non-breeding plumage by Howard Eskin)


    HERONS & EGRETS 
  52. Great Blue Heron  (*)  ______  BH  CU  CY:feb,jun,dec  DM  DR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GD:feb  HA:feb,apr  JM:mar,apr  PR:feb,mar,apr  SL:mar  SV
    Ardea h. herodias  
  53. Grey Heron  ______
    Ardea cinere 
  54. Great Egret  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  BU:feb  CU  CY:feb,jun,dec  DM:jan,mar  DR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GD:feb  HA:feb,apr  JM:mar,apr  PR:feb,mar,apr  SL:mar,dec  SV:mar,dec
    Casmerodius (has been Ardea) alba egretta



    Great Egret
     (photo by Howard Eskin)

  55. Green Heron  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  BD:jul  BU:feb  CU  CY:feb,jun,dec  DM:jan,feb,mar  DR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GD:feb  HA:apr  JM:mar,apr  PR:feb,mar,apr  SL:mar,dec  SV:mar,dec  (was for a time considered conspecific with the nearly-cosmopolitan Striated Heron, and was then called Green-backed Heron) 
     Butorides virescens maculata
  56. Western Cattle Egret  (*) (ph)  ______  AT:feb  BH  BD:jul  BU:feb  CU  CY:feb,dec  DM:jan,mar  DR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GD:feb  JM:mar,apr  PR:feb,mar,apr  SL:mar,dec  SV:mar,jul,dec
    Bubulcus ibis  



    Cattle Egret
    (photo by Howard Eskin)

  57. Snowy Egret  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  BD:jul  CU  CY:feb,jun,dec  DM:jan,mar  DR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GD:feb  HA  JM:mar,apr  PR:feb,mar,apr  SL:mar,dec
    Egretta     (formerly Leucophoyx) thula brewsteri



    Snowy Egret, with red lores in breeding plumage
         (photo by Howard Eskin)

  58. Little Egret  (*) (ph)   ______  BD:jul  DM:mar(rare)  SL:dec(rare)  SV:jul(rare)
    Egretta g. garzetta



    Little Egret
         (photo by Howard Eskin)

  59. Little Blue Heron  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  CY:feb,jun,dec  DM:jan,mar  DR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GD:feb  HA:apr  JM:mar,apr  PR:feb,mar,apr  SL:mar,dec  SV:mar,jul,dec
    Egretta     (formerly Florida) caerulea  (monotypic) 



    An adult Little Blue Heron photographed during a FONT tour
  60. Tricolored Heron  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  CY:feb,jun,dec  DR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  HA:apr  JM:mar,apr  PR:feb,mar,apr  SL:mar  (was called Louisiana Heron)
     Egretta     (formerly Hydranassa) tricolor ruficollis
  61. Reddish Egret  (*) (ph)   ______  BH  CU  DR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  HA  PR:feb(rare)
    Egretta     (formerly Dichromanassa) r. rufescens
  62. Western Reef Heron  ______
    Egretta gularis
  63. Black-crowned Night Heron  (*)  ______  BH  CU  CY  DR:mar,apr,jul  JM:mar,apr  PR:mar,apr  SL:mar
    Nycticorax nycticorax hoactii
  64. Yellow-crowned Night Heron  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  CY:feb,jun,dec  DM:mar  DR:apr,jul,dec  JM:apr  PR:feb,mar  SL:mar  SV
    Nyctanassa violacea bancrofti      (the single member of its genus)
  65. Least Bittern  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  CY:jun,dec  DR:mar,apr  JM:mar,apr  PR:feb,mar
    Ixobrychus e. exilis
  66. American Bittern  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  PR(rare)
    Botaurus lentiginosus


    TROPICBIRDS, FRIGATEBIRD, PELICANS, BOOBIES  
  67. Red-billed Tropicbird  (*) (ph)   ______  BU:feb  CU(rare)  SL:mar,dec
    Phaethon aethereus mesonauta



    Red-billed Tropicbird
     (a black-and-white photo by Alan Brady)
  68. White-tailed Tropicbird (p) (*) (ph)  ______ BH  CU  CY:feb  DM:mar  DR:mar  JM:apr  PR:feb,apr
    Phaethon lepturus catesbyi



    White-tailed Tropicbird
         (a black-and-white photo by Alan Brady)

  69. Magnificent Frigatebird (p) (*) (ph)  ______  AT:feb  BH  BU:feb  CU  CY:feb(nesting colony at Little Cayman Is.),jun,dec  DM:jan,feb,mar  DR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GR  JM:mar,apr  PR:feb,mar,apr  SL:mar,dec  SV:mar,jul,dec
    Fregata magificens      (now said to be monotypic)

  70. Brown Pelican (p) (*) (ph)  ______  AT:feb  BH  BU:feb  CU  CY:feb,dec  DM:jan,feb,mar  DR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  JM:mar,apr  PR:feb,mar,apr  SL
    Pelecanus o. occidentalis
  71. American White Pelican  (ph)  ______  BH(rare)  CU(rare)
    Pelecanus erythrorhynchos
  72. Masked Booby  (mi) (*)  ______  BH(rare)  CU(rare)  PR
    Sula d. dactylatra
  73. Brown Booby  (p) (*)  ______  BH  BU:feb  CU  DM:mar  DR:mar,apr  PR:feb,mar,apr  SL:mar,dec  SV:jul,dec
    Sula l. leucogaster
  74. Red-footed Booby  (p) (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU(rare)  CY:feb  (nesting colony at Little Cayman Is.)  DM:mar(at sea)   PR  SV:jul
    Sula s. sula



    A Red-footed Booby photographed during a FONT pelagic trip off Puerto Rico
  75. Northern Gannet  (ph)  ______  BH(rare)  CU(rare)
    Morus bassanus


    CORMORANTS & AHHINGA
  76. Neotropic Cormorant  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  JM:jun(rare)  (was called Olivaceous Cormorant)
    Phalacrocorax brasilianus mexicanus
  77. Double-crested Cormorant  ______  BH  CU
    Phalacrocorax auritus
  78. Anhinga  (ph)  ______  BH(rare)  CU
    Anhinga anhinga


    RAPTORS  (including VULTURES)
  79. Turkey Vulture  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  DR:feb,mar,apr  JM:mar,apr  PR:feb,mar,apr
    Cathartes a. aura
  80. Black Vulture  (ph)  ______  BH(rare)  CU(rare)
    Coragyps atratus 
  81. Northern Crested Caracara  (ph)  ______  CU
    Caracara cheriway
  82. Merlin  (*) (ph)  ______  AT:feb  BH  BU:feb  CU  CY:dec  DM:jan,mar  DR:feb,mr,apr,dec  JM:mar  PR:mar  SL:mar  SV:mar,dec
    Falco c. columbarius



    A Merlin in flight
  83. American Kestrel  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  BU:feb  CU  CY:dec  DM:mar  DR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GD:feb  JM:mar,apr  PR:feb,mar,apr  SL:mar,dec  SV:mar
    Falco sparverius dominicensis      (subspecies endemic to Hispaniola) 
     Falco sparverius sparveroides      (subspecies in Jamaica, the Caymans, Cuba, & the southern Bahamas)
    Falco sparverius caribaearum      (subspecies in Puerto Rico & in the Lesser Antilles)
    (These Caribbean subspecies are resident.)
  84. Peregrine Falcon  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  CY:dcec  DM  DR:mar,apr  PR:mar  SL  SV:mar
    Falco peregrinus anatum     (from North America)
     Falco peregrinus tundrius     (from North America, north of  F.p.anatum)



    Peregrine Falcon
     (photo by Kim Steininger)

  85. Osprey  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  BU:feb  CU  CY:feb,dec  DM:feb,mar  DR:jan,feb,mar,apr,dec  GD:feb  HA:apr  JM:mar  PR:feb,mar,apr  SL:mar,dec
    Pandion haliaetus      (2 subspecies occur in the Caribbean)  (the single member of its genus)
     Pandion haliaetus carolinensis      (migrant North American breeder)
    Pandion haliaetus ridgwayi  (breeder in Caribbean area) 



    Osprey
    (photo by Kim Steininger)
  86. Hook-billed Kite  ______
    Chondrohlerax uncinatus
  87. Cuban Kite  (t1)  ______  CU(rare)
    Chondrohlerax wilsonii
  88. Swallow-tailed Kite  (ph)  ______  BH(rare)  CU
    Elanoides forficatus
  89. Snail Kite  (ph)  ______  CU
    Rostrhamus sociabilis
  90. Sharp-shinned Hawk  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  DR:feb,mar,apr,jul  PR:feb
    Accipiter s. striatus  (t3)      (this subspecies, the nominate, endemic to Hispaniola) 
    Accipiter striatus venator     (t2)      (this subspecies endemic to Puerto Rico)



    A male Sharp-shinned Hawk of the endemic subspecies in Puerto Rico
     
  91. Gundlach's Hawk  (t2)  ______  CU
    Accipiter gundlachi
  92. Northern Harrier  (ph)  ______  BH  CU  CY:dec
    Circus hudsonius
  93. Red-tailed Hawk  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  DR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  JM:mar  PR:feb,mar,apr
    Buteo j. jamaicensis      (this subspecies, the nominate, in Hispaniola, Jamaica, & Puerto Rico)



    A Red-tailed Hawk in flight, Buteo jamaicensis
    (photo by Doris Potter)
  94. Ridgway's Hawk  (t1) (*)   ______  DR:mar
    Buteo ridgwayi      (monotypic)
  95. Broad-winged Hawk  (*)  ______  AT:feb  CU  DM:jan,feb,mar  GR  PR:feb  SL:mar,dec  SV:mar,dec 
    Buteo platypterus antillarum      (subspecies on Barbados, Grenada, St. Vincent, & Tobago) 
     Buteo platypterus rivierei      (subspecies on Dominica, St. Lucia, & Martinique)
     Buteo platypterus brunnescens (t3)      (subspecies endemic to Puerto Rico)
    (There are 5 subspecies in the Caribbean, all resident.)
  96. Common Black Hawk  (*) (ph)   ______  CU  SL(rare)  SV:mar,jul,dec  (in the Caribbean also known as the  "Black Crab Hawk")
    Buteogallus a. anthracinus


    RAILS, CRAKES, GALLINULES, COOTS 
     
  97. Black Rail  (nt)  ______  BH(rare)  CU
    Laterallus jamaicensis
  98. "Antillean" Clapper Rail  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  DR:apr,jul  JM  PR:mar,apr
    Rallus longirostris caribaeus


    Clapper Rail
         (photo by Howard Eskin)
  99. King Rail  ______  CU  CY:dec
    Rallus elegans
  100. Virginia Rail  (ph)  ______  BH  CU(rare)
    Rallus limicola
  101. Yellow-breasted Crake  (*)  ______  CU  DR:apr  JM,PR
    Porzana flaviventer hendersoni      (subspecies in Hispaniola & Puerto Rico) 
    Porzana flaviventor gossi   (subspecies in Jamaica & Cuba)
  102. Sora  (*)   ______  BH  CU  DR  PR:apr
    Porzana carolina      (monotypic)
  103. Zapata Rail  (t2)  ______  CU
    Cyanolimnas cerverai
  104. Spotted Rail  (*)  _____  CU  DR:apr
    Pardirallus m. maculatus
  105. Uniform Crake  ______  (occurred formerly in Jamaica)
    Amaurolimnas concolor
  106. Purple Gallinule  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  CY:jun  DR:mar,apr,dec  JM:mar,apr  PR:apr
    Porphyrula martinica      (monotypic)  



    Purple Gallinule
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
  107. Common Gallinule (*) (ph) ______  BD:jul  BH  BU:feb  CU  CY:feb,jun,dec  DM:mar  DR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GD:feb  HA:feb,apr  JM:mar,apr  PR:feb,mar,apr  SL:mar,dec  SV
    Gallinula galeata cerceris
  108. American Coot  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  CY:feb,jun,dec  DR:feb,apr  HA:feb  JM:mar,apr  PR:apr
    Fulica a. americana
  109. "Caribbean Coot" (nt) (*)  ______  CU(rare)  DR:feb,mar,apr,dec  HA:feb,apr  JM:mar,apr  PR:feb,mar,apr  SL(r)  (has been considered by some to be conspecific with American Coot)
     Fulica caribaea
  110. Limpkin  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  DR:mar,apr  JM:mar,apr
    Aramus guarauna elucus (t3)      (this subspecies now endemic to Hispaniola, as it has been extirpated in Puerto Rico)
    Aramus guarauna pictus      (this subspecies in Jamaica, Cuba, & Florida USA)
    (the single member of its genus & family)  
  111. Sandhill Crane  (ph)  ______  CU
    Grus canadensis nesiotes      (resident subspecies endemic to Isla de la Juventud)


    SHOREBIRDS
  112. Double-striped Thick-knee  (ph)  ______
    Burhinus bistriatus
  113. Northern Jacana  (*) (ph)  ______  CU  DR:mar,apr,dec  JM:mar,apr
    Jacana spinosa violacea      (this subspecies in the Caribbean: in Hispaniola, Jamaica, & Cuba)
  114. American Oystercatcher  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  PR:mar
    Haematopus p. palliatus
  115. Grey (or Black-bellied) Plover  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  CY:feb,jun,dec  DR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  JM:mar  PR:feb,mar,apr  SL:mar,dec 
    Pluvialis squatarola cynosurae
  116. American Golden Plover  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  SL:dec
    Pluvialis dominica      (monotypic)



    American Golden Plover
         (photo by Howard Eskin)
      
  117. Semipalmated Plover  (*) (ph)  ______  BD:jul  BH  CU  CY:feb,jun  DR:feb,mar,apr,dec  JM:mar  PR:feb,mar,apr  SL:dec
    Charadrius semipalmatus      (monotypic)
  118. Snowy Plover  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU(rare)  DR:feb,mar,apr,dec  PR(r)  (was conspecific with the Kentish Plover of Eurasia)
    Charadrius n. nivosus  (t3)


    SnowyPlover2.jpg

    Snowy Plover
         (photo by Howard Eskin)
  119. Wilson's Plover  (*) (ph)  ______  BD:jul  BH  CU  CY(rare)  DR:mar,apr,jul,dec  HA:apr  JM:mar  PR:feb,apr
    Charadrius wilsonia rufinucha      (resident subspecies in the Caribbean)



    Wilson's Plover
    (photo by Marie Gardner)

  120. Piping Plover  (t3) (ph)  ______  BH  CU
    Charadrius melodus
  121. Collared Plover  ______
    Charadrius collaris
  122. Killdeer  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  CY:feb  DR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  HA:apr  JM:mar,apr  PR:feb,mar,apr
    Charadrius vociferus ternominatus      (resident subspecies in the Caribbean)   
    Charadrius v. vociferus  (North American breeder that occurs in the Caribbean outside the breeding season)
  123. Northern Lapwing  (ph)  ______  BH(rare)
    Vanellus vanellus
  124. Black-necked Stilt  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  BU:feb  CU  CY:feb,jun,dec  DR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  HA:apr  JM:mar,apr  PR:mar,apr  (has been said by some to be conspecific with the Black-winged Stilt of the Old World, Himantopus himantopus)  
     Himantopus mexicanus
      
    Black-necked Stilt
    (photo by Howard Eskin)

  125. American Avocet  (ph)  ______  BH(rare)  CU(rare)
    Recurvirostra americana 
  126. Hudsonian Godwit  (*) (ph)  ______  BH(rare)  CU(rare)  DR:apr  (a sighting in April, rare in the Caribbean in the spring)
    Limosa haemastica      (monotypic) 
  127. Marbled Godwit  (ph)  ______  CU(rare) 
    Limosa fedoa
  128. American" Whimbrel  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU(rare)  DR:apr  PR:feb  (has historically been called "Hudsonian Curlew") 
     Numenius phaeopus hudsonicus
     
  129. Long-billed Curlew  (nt)  ______ CU(rare)
    Numenius americanus
  130. Eskimo Curlew  (t1)  ______  (now presumed extinct)
    Numenius borealis
  131. Upland Sandpiper  ______  BH  CU(rare)
    Bartramia longicauda
  132. Spotted Sandpiper  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  CY:feb,dec  DM:jan,mar  DR:jan,feb,mar,apr,dec  GD:feb  HA:apr  JM:mar,apr  PR:feb,mar,apr  SL:mar,dec  SV:dec
    Actitis macularia      (monotypic)

  133. Solitary Sandpiper  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  CY:feb  DR:jan,feb,mar,apr,dec  HA:apr  JM:mar  PR:apr  SL:mar,dec  SV
    Tringa s. solitaria



    Solitary Sandpiper
         (photo by Kim Steininger)

  134. Greater Yellowlegs  (*)  ______  BH  BU;feb  CU  CY:feb,dec  DR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  HA  JM:mar,apr  PR:feb,mar,apr  SL:mar,dec
    Tringa melanoleuca      (monotypic)

  135. Lesser Yellowlegs  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  BD:jul  CU  CY:feb,dec  DM:feb  DR:feb,mar,apr,dec  HA  JM:mar  PR:feb,mar,apr  SL:dec
    Tringa flavipes      (monotypic)
  136. Wood Sandpiper  (WIr) (*) (ph)   ______ BD:jul(rare)
    Tringa glareola
  137. Willet  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  CY:feb  DR:feb,mar,apr,dec  GD:feb  JM:mar  PR:apr  SL
     Tringa     (formerly Catoptrophorus) s. semipalmata



    Willet
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
  138. Ruddy Turnstone  (*) (ph)  ______  BD:jul  BH  CU  CY:feb,dec  DM:mar  DR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  JM:mar  PR:apr  SL:mar,dec
    Arenaria interpres morinella



    A Ruddy Turnstone in non-breeding plumage
     (photo by Howard Eskin)

  139. Semipalmated Sandpiper  (*) ______ BD:jul  BH  CU  CY  DR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  HA  JM:mar,apr  PR:feb,apr
    Calidris pusilia      (monotypic)
  140. Western Sandpiper  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  DR:feb,mar,apr  JM:mar  PR  SL:mar
    Calidris mauri      (monotypic) 
  141. Least Sandpiper  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  CY  DR:feb,mar,apr,dec  HA  JM:mar  PR:feb,apr  SL
    Calidris minutilla      (monotypic) 
  142. White-rumped Sandpiper  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  DR:feb,apr  PR(r)
    Calidris fuscicollis      (monotypic) 
  143. Sanderling  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  DR:feb,mar,apr,dec  JM:mar  PR:apr  SL
    Calidris alba rubida
  144. Dunlin  (*) (ph) ______  BH  CU(rare)  DR:dec(rare)  (see note following list)
    Calidris alpina hudsonia
  145. Red Knot  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  PR
    Calidris canutus rufa
  146. Pectoral Sandpiper  (ph)  ______  BH  CU
    Calidris melanotos
  147. Baird's Sandpiper  (ph)  ______
    Calidris bairdii
  148. Curlew Sandpiper  (ph)  ______
    Calidris ferruginea
  149. Short-billed Dowitcher  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  DR:feb,mar,apr,dec  JM:mar  PR:mar
    Limnodromus griseus      (2 subspecies in the West Indies: L. g. grieus & L. g. hendersoni)



    Short-billed Dowitcher
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
  150. Long-billed Dowitcher  (*)  ______  CU(rare)  HA
    Limnodromus scolopaceus      (monotypic)
  151. Ruff / Reeve  (WIr) (*) (ph)   ______  BD:jul(rare)
    Philomachus pugnax      (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
  152. Stilt Sandpiper  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  DR:feb,mar,apr,dec  PR
    Calidris (has been Micropalama) himantopus  (monotypic)

  153. Buff-breasted Sandpiper (nt) (ph) ______  BH(rare)  CU(rare)
    Tryngites subruficollis
  154. Wilson's Snipe  (*) (ph)   ______  BH  CU  CY  DM  JM:mar  SL  (until recently considered conspecific with the Common Snipe of the Palearctic, Gallinago gallinago)
    Gallinago delicata  (monotypic) 
  155. Wilson's Phalarope  (*)  ______  BH(rare)  DR:feb
    Phalaropus      (formerly Steganopus) tricolor  (monotypic)
  156. Red-necked Phalarope  (ph)  ______  BH(rare)  CU(rare)
    Phalaropus lobatus 
  157. Red Phalarope  (ph)  ______  CU(rare)
    Phalaropus fulicarius

    GULLS, TERNS, SKIMMER, JAEGERS
  158. "American" Herring Gull  (*)  ______  BH  CU  DR:feb,apr  PR
    Larus argentatus smithsonianus
  159. Great Black-backed Gull  (*) (ph)  ______  BH(rare)  CU(rare)  PR(rare)
    Larus marinus      (monotypic)
  160. Ring-billed Gull  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  DM:jan  DR:mar,apr  PR
    Larus delawarensis      (monotypic)
  161. Lesser Black-backed Gull  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  DM:mar(2 consecutive years)  DR:apr,jul  PR
    Larus     fuscus 
  162. Bonaparte's Gull  (*) (ph)  _____  DR:mar
    Chroicocephalus     (formerly Larus) philadelphia
  163. Laughing Gull  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  CY:jun  DM:feb,mar  DR:feb,mar,apr,jul  JM:apr  PR:apr  SL:mar  SV:jul
    Leucophaeus     (formerly Larus) a. atricilla



    Laughing Gulls
     (photo by Howard Eskin)

  164. Black-headed Gull  (ph)  ______  BH(rare)  CU(rare)  PR
    Larus ridibundus
  165. Bonaparte's Gull  (ph)  ______  BH  CU
    Larus philadelphia
  166. Black-legged Kittiwake  (ph)  ______  BH(rare)  CU(rare)
    Rissa tridactyla
  167. Gull-billed Tern  (*)  ______  BH  CU  CY:dec  DR:mar,apr,dec  JM:apr(rare)
    Gelochelidon     (formerly Sterna) nilotica aranea
  168. Common Tern (p) (*)  ______  BH  CU  DR:apr,dec  PR
    Sterna h. hirundo
  169. Roseate Tern (p) (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  DR:mar,apr  PR  SL
    Sterna d. dougallii  (t3)




    Roseate Tern
    (photo by Alan Brady)

  170. Forster's Tern  (ph)  ______  BH  CU
    Sterna forsteri
  171. Arctic Tern  ______
    Sterna paradisaea

  172. Bridled Tern (p) (*) (ph)   ______  BH  CU  PR  SL
    Onychoprion     (formerly Sterna) anaethetus melanoptera



    Bridled Tern
     (photo by Alan Brady)
  173. Sooty Tern (p) (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  DM  PR  SL
    Onychoprion     (formerly Sterna) f. fuscata



    Sooty Tern
     (photo by Alan Brady)

  174. Least Tern  (*)  ______  BH  CU  CY:jun  DR:mar,apr,jul  PR
    Sternula     (formerly Sterna) a. antillarum
  175. Royal Tern  (*) (ph)  ______  AT:feb  BH  CU  CY:feb,jun,dec  DM:jan,feb,mar  DR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GD:feb  JM:mar,apr  PR:feb,mar,apr  SL:mar,dec  SV:dec
    Thalasseus     (formerly Sterna) m. maxima



    A juvenile Royal Tern 
     (photo by Howard Eskin)

  176. Cayenne Tern  (*)   ______ PR(rare)  (was conspecific with the Sandwich Tern)
    Thalasseus (formerly Sterna) eurygnatha
  177. Sandwich Tern  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  DR:mar,apr,dec  JM:mar  PR:mar,apr  SL
    Thalasseus     (formerly Sterna) sandvicensis acuflavida



    Sandwich Tern
     (a black-and-white photo by Alan Brady)

  178. Caspian Tern  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  DR:feb,mar,apr,dec  HA:apr  PR
    Hydroprogne     (formerly Sterna) caspia      (monotypic)
  179. Black Tern  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  DR:dec
    Chlidonias niger surinamensis
  180. White-winged Tern  (ph)  ______  BH(rare)
    Chilidonias leucopterus
  181. Whiskered Tern  ______
    Chilidonias hybrida
  182. Brown Noddy (p) (*)  ______  BH  CU  PR  SL
    Anous s. stolidus
  183. Black Noddy  ______
    Anous minutus
  184. Black Skimmer  (ph)  ______  BH(rare)  CU(rare)
    Rynchops niger
  185. Pomarine Skua (p) (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU(rare)  DM:mar(seen at sea & from shore)  (In North America, has been called Pomarine Jaeger)
    Stercorarius pomarinus      (monotypic)




    Pomarine Jaegers     (or Pomarine Skuas) have commonly been seen in the winter
    during FONT pelagic trips off Dominica
         (a black-and-white photo by Alan Brady)
      
  186. Parasitic Jaeger  (ph)  ______  BH  CU(rare)
    Stercorarius parasiticus
  187. Long-tailed Jaeger  ______  BH(rare)  CU(rare)
    Stercorarius longicaudus
  188. Great Skua (p) (*) (ph)  ______  DM:mar(at sea)
    Stercorarius      (formerly Catharacta) skua  (monotypic)
      
  189. South Polar Skua  (ph)  ______
    Stercorarius maccormicki
  190. Dovekie  (WIr)  ______  BH(rare)  CU(rare)  
    Alle alle

    PIGEONS
  191. White-crowned Pigeon  (*)  ______  AT:feb  BH  CU  CY:feb,jun  DR:mar,apr,jul  JM:mar,apr  PR
    Patagioenas      (formerly Columba) leucocephala      (monotypic)
  192. Scaly-naped (or Red-necked) Pigeon  (*)  ______ BD:jul  CU  DM:jan,feb,mar  DR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GR  PR:feb,mar,apr  SL:mar,dec  SV:mar,jul,dec
    Patagioenas      (formerly Columba) squamosa  (monotypic)

  193. Plain Pigeon (t3) (*)  ______  CU  DR:feb,mar,apr,dec  PR:feb
    Patagioenas     (formerly Columba) i. inornata  (subspecies on Hispaniola & Cuba) 
    Patagioenas     (formerly Columba) inornata wetmorei      (subspecies endemic to Puerto Rico)

  194. Ring-tailed Pigeon  (t1) (*)   ______ JM:mar,apr  (endemic to Jamaica)
    Patagioenas     (formerly Columba) caribaea  (monotypic)
  195. Common (or Feral) Pigeon (i) (*)  ______  BH  CU  CY:feb,jun,dec  DM:jan,mar  DR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GD:feb  HA:apr  JM:mar,apr  PR:feb,mar,apr  SL:mar,dec  SV:mar,dec
    Columba livia
  196. Passenger Pigeon  ______  (extinct; occurred formerly in Cuba)
    Ectopistes migratorius      (was the single member of its genus)

  197. African Collared Dove (i) (*)  ______ PR:feb,mar,apr  (What's been called the Ringed Turtle Dove, or the Barbary Dove, historically native to North Africa, is said to be a domesticated form, or recessive mutant of this species that continues in the wild in Africa.)
    Streptopelia roseorisea 
  198. Eurasian Collared Dove (i) (*)  ______  AT:feb  BH  BU:feb  CU  CY:dec  DM:jan,mar  GD:feb
    Streptopelia decaocto
  199. Mourning Dove  (*)  ______  BH  CU  DR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  HA:feb,apr  JM:mar,apr  PR:mar,apr
    Zenaida m. macroura     (this subspecies, the nominate, endemic to the West Indies) 
  200. Zenaida Dove  (*) (ph)  ______  AT:feb  BD:jul  BH  BU:feb  CU  CY:feb,jun,dec  DM:jan,feb,mar  DR:feb,mar,apr,jul  GD:feb  JM:mar,apr  PR:feb,mar,apr  SL:mar,dec  SV
    Zenaida a. aurita      (resident subspecies of the Lesser Antilles)
     Zenaida aurita zenaida      (resident subspecies of the northern Caribbean)

     

     Zenaida Dove
         (photographed by Marie Gardner in Saint Lucia
     during the Dec 2007 FONT Lesser Antilles Tour)
  201. Eared Dove  (*) (ph)  ______  GR  SL:mar,dec  SV:mar,jul,dec
    Zenaida auriculata rubripes      (subspecies of the Lesser Antilles & northern South America) 


     

     Eared Dove
     (photographed by Marie Gardner in Saint Vincent
     during the Dec 2007 FONT Lesser Antilles Tour)

  202. White-winged Dove  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  CY:feb,jun,dec  DR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  JM:mar,apr  PR:feb,mar,apr
    Zenaida a. asiatica
  203. Caribbean Dove  (*)  ______  BH  CY:feb  JM:mar
    Leptotila jamaicensis collaris      (subspecies endemic to the Cayman Islands)
    Leptotila j. jamaicensis      (subspecies endemic to Jamaica)
  204. Grenada Dove  (t1) (LAe) (*)   ______ GR  (endemic to Grenada)  (closely related to the Gray-fronted Dove of central & South America, Leptotila rufaxilla, and has been said by some to be conspecific)
    Leptotila wellsi      (monotypic)  
  205. Common Ground Dove  (*) (ph)  ______  AT:feb  BD:jul  BH  CU  BU:feb  CY:feb,jun,dec  DM:jan,feb,mar  DR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GD:feb  GR  HA:feb,apr  JM:mar,apr  PR:feb,mar,apr  SL:mar,dec  SV:mar,jul,dec
    Columbina passerina antillarum      (subspecies on Barbados, Grenada, St. Lucia, & St. Vincent)
     Columbina passerina nigrirostris      (subspecies endemic to Dominica)
     Columbina passerina insularis      (subspecies in Hispaniola, Cuba, the Cayman Is., & some other small islands)
     Columbina passerina jamaicensis      (subspecies endemic to Jamaica)
     Columbina passerina portoricensis      (subspecies in Puerto Rico & the Virgin Islands)


     
    A Common Ground Dove, not on the ground
    (photographed by Marie Gardner in Saint Lucia
     during the Dec 2007 FONT Lesser Antilles Tour)

  206. Ruddy Quail-Dove  (*)  ______  CU  DM:feb,mar  DR;apr  JM:apr  PR:apr  SL  SV:dec
    Geotrygon m. montana      (the same subspecies as in Central & South America)
  207. Bridled Quail-Dove (nt) (*)   ______  PR  SL  SV:mar
    Geotrygon mystacea      (monotypic)
  208. Key West Quail-Dove  (*)  ______  BH  CU  DR:feb,mar,apr,jul  PR:apr
    Geotrygon chrysia      (monotypic)
  209. White-fronted Quail-Dove (t3) (*)  ______ DR:mar,apr  (endemic to Hispaniola)  (was conspecific with the Gray-fronted Quail-Dove of Cuba, Geotrygon caniceps; when combined, was called the Gray-headed Quail-Dove)  
    Geotrygon leucometopia
  210. Gray-fronted Quail-Dove  (t3)  ______  CU  (endemic to Cuba)  (see noted with previous species)
    Geotrygon caniceps
  211. Blue-headed Quail-Dove  (t2)  ______  CU (endemic to Cuba)
    Starnoenas cyanocephala
  212. Crested Quail-Dove (nt) (*)   ______  JM:apr  (endemic to Jamaica)
    Geotrygon versicolor      (monotypic)


    PARAKEETS & PARROTS
  213. Cuban Macaw  ______  (extinct)
    Ara tricolor
  214. Monk Parakeet (i) (*)  ______ CY:feb  PR:feb,mar  (native to south-central South America)
     Myiopsitta monachus
  215. White-winged Parakeet (i) (*)  ______ PR  (native to north-central South America) (previously considered conspecific with the Canary-winged Parakeet, also of South America)
     Brotogeris (v.) versicolurus 
  216. Jamaican Parakeet (or Conure)  (*)  ______  DR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  JM:mar,apr  (was endemic to Jamaica)  (was conspecific with what's now the Aztec Parakeet (or Conure) in Central America, Aratinga astec; when merged was known collectively as the Olive-throated Parakeet (or Conure)
    Aratinga nana
  217. Hispaniolan Parakeet (or Conure) (t3) (*)  ______  DR:jan,feb,mar,apr,dec  (endemic to Hispaniola)
    Aratinga c. chloroptera      (another subspecies on Mona Island, off western Puerto Rico, now extinct)
  218. Cuban Parakeet  (t3)  ______  CU (endemic to Cuba)
    Aratinga euops
  219. Orange-fronted Parakeet (or Conure) (i) (*)  ______  PR:feb  (native to Central America)
     Aratinga canicularis
  220. Mitred Parakeet (or Conure) (i) (*)  ______ PR (native to south-central South America)
     Aratinga mitrata
  221. Green-rumped (or Guiana) Parrotlet (i) (*)  ______ JM:mar
    Forpus passerinus
  222. Puerto Rican Amazon (or Parrot)  (t1) (*)  ______  PR:feb.mar  (a rare endemic to Puerto Rico)  (see note following list)
     Amazona v. vittata     (a second subspecies on Culebra Island, A. V. gracilipes, now extinct)

  223. Rose-throated Amazon (or Parrot) (nt) (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  CY:feb,jun,dec  (with various names on different islands in it range: "Cayman Amazon, or Parrot", "Cuban Amazon or Parrot", & "Bahama Amazon, or Parrot")
    Amazona leucocephala caymanensis      (an endemic subspecies on Grand Cayman island)
    (Another subspecies occurs in the Caymans, A. l. hesterna,     endemic to Cayman Brac Island.)


      
    The Cayman, or Rose-throated, Amazon
    In the Caribbean, there are 4 subspecies. 2 of them are in the Cayman Islands.
    The other 2 subspecies are in the Bahama Islands & Cuba.  
       
      
  224. Imperial Amazon (or Parrot) (t2) (LAe) (*)   ______  DM:jan,feb,mar  (endemic to Dominica)  (in Dominica known as the "Sisserou")
    Amazona imperialis      (monotypic)
  225. Red-necked Amazon (or Parrot) (t3) (LAe) (*)  ______ DM:jan,feb,mar  (endemic to Dominica)  (also called "Bouquet's Amazon") (in Dominica known as the "Jaco" or "Perroquet") 
    Amazona arausiaca      (monotypic)
     
  226. Hispaniolan Amazon (or Parrot) (t3) (*)  ______ DR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  (endemic to Hispaniola)
    Amazona ventralis      (monotypic)
  227. Yellow-billed Amazon (or Parrot) (nt) (*)  ______ JM:mar,apr  (endemic to Jamaica)
    Amazona collaria      (monotypic)
     
  228. Black-billed Amazon (or Parrot) (t3) (*)  ______  JM:mar,apr  (endemic to Jamaica)
    Amazona agilis      (monotypic)
  229. Saint Lucia Amazon (or Parrot) (t3) (LAe) (*)  ______  SL:mar,dec  (endemic to St. Lucia)  (also called the Versicolored Amazon)  (in St. Lucia known as the "Jacquot")
    Amazona versicolor      (monotypic)
      
  230. Saint Vincent Amazon (or Parrot) (t3) (LAe) (*) (ph)  ______  SV:mar,jul,dec  (endemic to St, Vincent)  (also called "Guilding's Amazon")
    Amazona guildingii






    The colorful Saint Vincent Amazon,
    photographed during the FONT tour in December 2007.
    Above: a captive bird in the botanical garden.
    Below: in the wild, in the forest.
         (photos by tour participant, Marie Z. Gardner)
     
  231. Orange-winged Amazon (or Parrot) (i) (*)  ______ PR (native to north-central South America)
     Amazona amazonica
  232. Yellow-headed Amazon (or Parrot) (*)  ______ PR (native to Mexico & Belize)
    Amazona oratrix 


    CUCKOOS
  233. Mangrove Cuckoo  (*) (ph)  ______  BU:feb  BH  CU  CY:feb,jun  DM:jan,mar  DR:feb,mar,apr,dec  GD:feb  GR  JM:apr   PR:mar,apr  SL:mar,dec  SV:mar
    Coccyzus minor     (now said to be monotypic, formerly subspecies in the West Indies: Coccyzus minor nesiotes)



    A Mangrove Cuckoo photographed during a FONT tour in the Caribbean
     
  234. Yellow-billed Cuckoo  (*)  ______  BH  CU  PR:apr  SL
    Coccyzus americanus      (monotypic)
  235. Black-billed Cuckoo  ______  BH(rare)  CU
    Coccyzus erythropthalmus
  236. Hispaniolan Lizard Cuckoo  (*)  ______ DR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  (endemic to Hispaniola)
         Coccyzus (formerly Saurothera) l. longirostris  (the other subspecies on the small islands La Mohotiere & Gonave off the Dominican Republic)
  237. Jamaican Lizard Cuckoo  (*) (ph)  ______  JM:mar,apr  (endemic to Jamaica)
    Coccyzus     (formerly Saurothera) vetula  (monotypic)




    A Jamaican Lizard Cuckoo photographed during a FONT tour
  238. Puerto Rican Lizard Cuckoo  (*)  ______  PR:feb,mar,apr  (endemic to Puerto Rico)
    Coccyzus     (formerly Saurothera) vieilloti      (monotypic)  
      
  239. Great Lizard Cuckoo  ______  BH  CU  
    Coccyzus     (formerly Saurothera) merlini
  240. Bay-breasted Cuckoo (t2) (*)  ______  DR:feb,mar,apr,jul  (endemic to Hispaniola)
    Coccyzus     (formerly Hyetornis) rufigularis  (monotypic)
     
  241. Chestnut-bellied Cuckoo  (*)   ______  JM:mar,apr  (endemic to Jamaica)
    Coccyzus     (formerly Hyetornis) pluvialis  (monotypic)
  242. Smooth-billed Ani  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  CY:feb,jun,dec  DM:mar  DR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GR  JM:mar,apr  PR:feb,mar,apr  SL  SV:mar,dec
    Crotophaga ani      (monotypic)



    A Smooth-billed Ani photographed during a FONT tour


    OWLS
  243. Barn Owl  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  CY:dec  DM:mar  DR:mar,apr  JM:mar,apr  PR  SL  SV:mar
    Tyto alba nigrescens      (subspecies endemic to Dominica) 
    Tyto alba insularis      (subspecies on St. Lucia & St. Vincent)
     Tyto alba pratincola     (subspecies in Hispaniola & Puerto Rico, also in North & Central America)
    Tyto alba furcata  (subspecies in Jamaica, Cuba, and the Caymans)



    Barn Owl, photographed during a FONT tour
     (photo by Andy Smith)
  244. Ashy-faced Owl  (*)   ______  DR:feb,mar,apr,dec  (endemic to Hispaniola)
    Tyto glaucops      (monotypic)
  245. Puerto Rican Screech Owl  (*) (ph)  ______  PR:feb,mar,apr  (endemic to Puerto Rico & the Virgin Islands) 
    Megascops     (formerly Otus) n. nudipes  (another subspecies in the Virgin Islands)



    A Puerto Rican Screech Owl photographed during a FONT tour
     
  246. Cuban Screech Owl  ______  CU  (formerly Bare-legged Owl, Gymnoglaux lawrencii)  (endemic to Cuba)
    Megascops     (formerly Otus) lawrencii
  247. Cuban Pygmy Owl  ______  CU  (endemic to Cuba)
    Glaucidium siju
  248. Burrowing Owl  (*) (ph)  ______  BH  CU  DR:mar,apr,jul,dec
    Athene cunicularia troglodytes      (this subspecies endemic to Hispaniola; 2 other West Indian subspecies have been extirpated, in Antigua and Guadeloupe)


     
    Burrowing Owl, in a burrow in the Dominican Republic 
  249. Stygian Owl  ______  CU
    Asio stygius
  250. Short-eared Owl  ______  BH(rare)  CU
    Asio flammeus
  251. Jamaican Owl  (*)   ______ JM:mar  (endemic to Jamaica)
    Pseudoscops grammicus      (monotypic)


    POTOO & NIGHTJARS, NIGHTHAWKS
  252. Northern Potoo  (*) (ph)   ______  DR:mar,apr  JM:mar,apr
    Nyctibius jamaicensis abbotti      (subspecies endemic to Hispaniola)
    Nyctibius j. jamaicensis      (subspecies endemic to Jamaica)


     
    A Northern Potoo photographed during a FONT tour in Jamaica
         (photo by Howard Lebo)

  253. Chuck-will's-Widow  (*)  ______  BH  CU  DR;feb,apr,dec  PR:feb
    Caprimulgus carolinensis      (monotypic)
  254. Eastern Whip-poor-will  ______  CU  CY:dec
    Caprimulgus vociferus
  255. "Saint Lucia Nightjar"  (*) (ph)  ______  SL  (part of the Rufous Nightjar of South America)
    Caprimulgus rufus otiosus (t2)      (an endemic subspecies on St. Lucia)



    Rufous Nightjar, photographed during a FONT tour
         (photo by Marie Gardner) 
  256. "Hispaniolan Nightjar"  (*)  ______ DR:mar,apr,jul,dec  (endemic subspecies to Hispaniola)  (considered conspecific with the Cuban Nightjar, C. c. cubanensis, and thus properly called the Greater Antillean Nightjar)
    Caprimulgus cubanensis ekmani
  257. "Cuban Nightjar"  ______  CU  (endemic subspecies in Cuba)
    Caprimulgus c. cubanensis
  258. Puerto Rican Nightjar  (t1) (*)  ______ PR:feb,mar,apr  (a rare endemic to Puerto Rico)  (during some tours heard only)
     Caprimulgus noctitherus      (monotypic)




    Puerto Rican Nightjar
  259. Least Poorwill  (t3) (*)  ______  DR:mar,apr,jul,dec  (endemic to Hispaniola)  (has been called Least Pauraque)
    Siphonorhis brewsteri      (monotypic)  (The only other member of this genus, the Jamaican Pauraque, may be extinct.)
  260. Antillean Nighthawk  (*)  ______  BH  CU  CY:jun  DR:mar,apr,jul  JM:apr  PR
    Chordeiles g. gundlachii      (this subspecies of the Greater Antilles, the other of Florida & the Bahamas)
  261. Common Nighthawk  (*)  ______  BH  CU  DR:apr
    Chordeiles minor      (6 subspecies migrate thru the Caribbean between North & South America)
      

    SWIFTS
  262. White-collared Swift  (*)  ______  CU  DR:feb,mar,apr,dec  JM:mar
    Streptoprocne zonaris pallidifrons      (the subspecies of the Caribbean)
  263. American Black Swift  (*)  ______  CU  DR:feb,mar,apr,jul  JM:apr  PR  SL  SV:mar
    Cypseloides n. niger      (the subspecies of the Caribbean & Trinidad; present there during its breeding season) 
  264. Chimney Swift  (*)   ______  BH  CU(rare)  CY
    Chaetura pelagica      (monotypic)
  265. Short-tailed Swift  (*)  ______  SV
    Chaetura brachyura praevelox      (this subspecies on St. Vincent, Grenada, & Tobago)
  266. Lesser Antillean Swift  (LAe) (*)   ______  DM:jan,feb,mar  SL:mar,dec  SV
    Chaetura martinica      (monotypic)
  267. Gray-rumped Swift  ______
    Chaetura cinereiventris
  268. Antillean Palm Swift  (*)  ______  CU  DR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  JM:mar,apr
    Tachornis p. phoenicobia      (the subspecies of Hispaniola & Jamaica; the other is of Cuba)

    HUMMINGBIRDS
  269. Rufous-breasted Hermit  ______
    Glaucis hirsuta

  270. Hispaniolan Emerald  (*)  ______  DR;feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  (endemic to Hispaniola)
    Chlorostilbon swainsonii      (monotypic)
  271. Puerto Rican Emerald  (*)  ______  PR:feb,mar,apr  (endemic to Puerto Rico)
    Chlorostilbon maugaeus      (monotypic)
  272. Cuban Emerald  ______  BH  CU
    Chlorostilbon ricordii
  273. Antillean Mango  (*)  ______  DR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  HA:apr  PR:feb,mar,apr
    Anthracothorax d. dominicus      (subspecies endemic to Hispaniola)
    Anthracothorax dominicus aurulentus      (subspecies endemic to Puerto Rico)
  274. Jamaican Mango  (*)  ______ JM:mar,apr  (endemic to Jamaica)
    Anthracothorax mango      (monotypic)
  275. Green Mango  (*)  ______  PR:feb,mar,apr  (endemic to Puerto Rico) 
    Anthracothorax viridis      (monotypic)
  276. Green-breasted Mango  ______
    Anthracothorax prevostii
  277. Blue-headed Hummingbird  (LAe) (*)  ______ DM:jan,feb,mar  (restricted to the 2 islands of Dominica & Martinique)
    Cyanophaia bicolor      (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
       
  278. Purple-throated Carib  (LAe) (*) (ph)  ______  DM:jan,feb,mar  SL:mar,dec  SV:mar,jul,dec
    Eulampis jugularis      (monotypic)



    A Purple-throated Carib photographed during a FONT tour
  279. Green-throated Carib  (*) (ph)  ______  AT:feb  DM:jan,mar  PR:feb,mar,apr  SL:mar,dec  SV:mar,jul,dec
    Eulampis h. holosericeus      (subspecies in east Puerto Rico & in most of the Lesser Antilles) 

     

    A Green-throated Carib photographed during a FONT tour in St. Lucia in Dec 2007
     (photo by Marie Gardner)

  280. Antillean Crested Hummingbird  (*) (ph)  ______  AT:feb  BU:feb  BD:jul  DM:jan,feb,mar  GD:feb  GR  PR:feb,mar,apr  SL:mar,dec  SV:mar,jul,dec
    Orthorhyncus cristatus exilis     (subspecies in Puerto Rico & in most of the Lesser Antilles, including Dominica & St. Lucia)
    Orthorhyncus c. cristatus      (subspecies endemic to Barbados)
    Orthorhyncus cristatus emigrans      (subspecies endemic to Grenada) 
    Orthorhyncus cristatus ornatus      (subspecies endemic to St. Vincent)
    (on Grenada blue-crested, on other islands green-crested)


    A female Antillean Crested Hummingbird 
    photographed during a FONT tour in St. Lucia in Dec 2007
    (photo by Marie Gardner)
  281. Red-billed Streamertail  (*) (ph)  ______  JM:mar,apr  (endemic to Jamaica)  (the two streamertails have been considered conspecific) 
    Trochilus polytmus      (monotypic)



    A Red-billed Streamertail photographed during a FONT tour
     
      
  282. Black-billed Streamertail  (*)  ______ JM:mar,apr  (endemic to Jamaica)  (the two streamertails have been considered conspecific)
    Trochilus scitulus

  283. Vervain Hummingbird  (*)  ______  DR:feb,mar,apr,jul  JM:mar,apr
    Mellisuga minima vieillota      (subspecies endemic to Hispaniola & nearby small islands)
    Mellisuga m. minima      (subspecies endemic to Jamaica)

  284. Bee Hummingbird  (nt)  ______  CU  (endemic to Cuba) (This species is reputed to be the smallest bird in the world.) 
    Mellisuga helenae
  285. Bahama Woodstar  ______  BH
    Calliphlox evelynae
  286. Ruby-throated Hummingbird  (ph)  ______  BH  CU
    Archilochus colubris

Notes:

The tour in February '90 included a trip (by air) to uninhabited Mona Island, off the west coast of Puerto Rico, about mid-way between Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic. Birds found only there noted by an (mi).

A few tours included a trip by ferry to Culebra Island, off northeastern Puerto Rico, about mid-way between Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

During our Feb 6-11, '96 tour, we conducted our first Caribbean pelagic trip off the west coast of Puerto Rico. A Black-capped Petrel was seen. (Only 3 records in Raffaele's book: "Birds of Puerto Rico".) Also whales and dolphins. During the pelagic trip with our Feb 15-19 tour, about 300 boobies. Over 200 of them, Red-footed (both brown & white morphs). Also a 60-foot Whale Shark by the boat. This 4-day tour, one day shorter than our norm. With the pelagic trip during the March '96 tour, 6 species of terns were seen.

Inexplicably, a male Baikal Teal was in a large flock of Blue-winged Teal on Feb 24, 2001 on a pond on Little Cayman Islandm a small, remote place with few people. The behavior of the Baikal Teal was the same as that of the Blue-winged Teal (as a wary, wild bird). The Feb 2001 Baikal Teal was not banded. It was photographed. As far as we know, there was no previous record of this species in the West Indies. The species in Asia has been known to wander on occasion to the south beyond its normal range. It has occurred in North America, particularly Alaska, casually. The Feb 2001 Little Cayman bird may have joined with Blue-winged Teal in western North America and migrated south with them. Also it should be noted that Baikal Teals have occurred in North America as escapes.     

12 of the very rare Puerto Rican Parrots were seen during FONT Puerto Rican tour #12, in March 1996. Subsequently, the species has become more difficult to see in the wild. 3 were seen during tour #18, in March 1998. The species was seen again during tour #22, in March 2000. One wild bird was seen during tour #26, in March 2004.

The Dunlin has probably been observed only rarely in the Dominican Republic. The book "A Guide to the Birds of the West Indies" indicates no sightings, although it notes some records to the west in Cuba and to the east in Puerto Rico. 2 birds were seen during the FONT tour on December 28, 1998 at Salinas, along the southern DR coast, west of Santo Domingo.  

Jamaican (formerly Olive-throated) Conures/Parakeets were first found during our FONT tours in the Dominican Republic in July 1995, with a substantial number (15-20) in a wild, remote area in the western part of the country, at mid-elevation in the Baoruco Mountains. Also during that tour, 1 was found in a flock of Hispaniolan Conures/Parakeets in the city of Santo Domingo.
During all FONT tours since 1995 in the Baoruco Mountains, the Jamaican Conure/Parakeet has been seen.    

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