 |
PO Box 9021,
Wilmington, DE 19809, USA
E-mail: font@focusonnature.com
Phone: Toll-free in USA 1-800-721-9986
or 302/529-1876; Fax: 302/529-1085 |
Birds
of the
West Indies
during FONT Birding
& Nature Tours
in the Caribbean
1990
thru 2009
(in Barbados, the Cayman Islands, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Grenada,
Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, & Saint Vincent)
(during the months of January,
February, March, April, May, July, December)
Photo at upper right: PUERTO RICAN WOODPECKER
The following list compiled by Armas Hill, the
leader of most of the FONT tours in the Caribbean
In the following list, there are 355 species of
birds seen in the Caribbean, with 2 notable subspecies bringing the total in the list to
357.
In the Cayman Islands, there have been 4 FONT birding & nature tours since
1999, during which 90 species of birds have cumulatively been
found.
In the Dominican Republic, during 17 FONT birding & nature tours, 189 species of birds have cumulatively been found.
In Jamaica, during 10 FONT birding & nature tours, 155
species of birds have cumulatively been found.
In the Lesser Antilles, 130 species of birds have cumulatively been found. 3
subspecies brings that list to 133. The Lesser Antillean tours have included 15 in Saint Lucia,
10 in
Saint Vincent, 6 in Dominica, 2 in Barbados, and 1 in
Grenada.
In Puerto Rico, during 27 FONT birding & nature tours, 186 species of birds have cumulatively been found.
Codes:
(i): introduced in the Caribbean, or on the particular island
(or in the particular country)
(t): a globally threatened or rare species, designated by Birdlife International
(t1): critical
(t2): endangered
(t3): vulnerable
(nt): a near-threatened species globally
(e): endemic to the particular island (or
the particular county)
(qe): quasi (or near) endemic
(r): rare on the particular island (or
in the particular country)
(p): seen pelagically (but not exclusively
so)
(mi): on Mona Island, off Puerto Rico
(HIe): endemic to
Hispaniola (Domincan Republic & Haiti)
(LAe): endemic to the Lesser Antilles
(LAe): quasi (or nearly) endemic to the Lesser Antilles
(PR&VIe): endemic to Puerto Rico & the Virgin Islands
(WIr): rare in the West Indies
Found during tours in:
BD: Barbados
CY: the Cayman
Islands
DM: Dominica
DR: Dominican
Republic (on Hispaniola)
GR: Granada
HA: Haiti (on
Hispaniola)
JM: Jamaica
PR: Puerto
Rico
SL: Saint Lucia
SV: Saint Vincent
Other island codes:
HI: Hispaniola
VI: the Virgin
Islands
UPPER RIGHT PHOTO: a Puerto Rican Woodpecker
Links:
Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours in the Caribbean
Birds during
previous FONT Tours in: Cayman
Islands Dominican
Republic Jamaica
Lesser
Antilles
(St Lucia, St Vincent, Dominica, & Guadeloupe)
Puerto Rico
Rare
Birds of the Caribbean today & those that have gone extinct

Bird-List:
-
Helmeted (or Common) Guinea-Fowl (i) ______
DR,PR
Numida meleagris
-
Northern Bobwhite (i) ______ DR
Colinus virginianus
-
(Feral) Red Junglefowl (i)
______ CY,DR
Gallus gallus
-
West Indian Whistling-Duck (t3) ______
CY,DR,JM,PR
(has also been called West Indian
Tree Duck)
Dendrocygna arborea
(monotypic)

West Indian Whistling Ducks seen during a FONT tour on Grand Cayman Island
-
White-cheeked Pintail ______ DR,HA,PR
Anas b. bahamensis
(t3)
-
Blue-winged Teal ______ CY,DR,DM,HA,JM,PR,SL
Anas discors (monotypic)
- Baikal Teal ______ CY
(see
note following list)
Anas formosa (monotypic)
- American Wigeon ______ DR,HA,JM,PR
Anas americana (monotypic)
- Northern Shoveler ______ DR,HA,JM
Anas clypeata (monotypic)
- Ring-necked Duck ______ JM
Aythya collaris
(monotypic)
- Lesser Scaup ______ DR,HA,JM,PR
Aythya affinis
(monotypic)
-
Ruddy Duck ______ DR,HA,PR
Oxyura j. jamaicensis

A female Ruddy Duck, Oxyura jamaicensis
(photo by Kim Steininger)
- Masked Duck ______ DR,JM.PR(r),SL
Nomonyx
(formerly Oxyura)
dominicus (monotypic, and the single member
of its genus)
-
Black-capped Petrel (p) ______ PR(r)
Pterodroma h. hasitata

Black-capped Petrel
-
Audubon's Shearwater (p) ______ PR
Puffinus l. lherminieri

Audubon's Shearwaters
(a black-and-white photo by Alan Brady)
-
Leach's Storm-Petrel (p) ______ PR
Oceanodroma l. leucorhoa
- Least Grebe ______ DR,JM
Tachybaptus
(formerly Podiceps) d. dominicus
- Pied-billed Grebe ______ CY,DM,DR,HA,JM,PR,SL
Podilymbus podiceps antillarum
- American Flamingo
______ DR,HA,PR(r)
(was considered conspecific with the Greater
Flamingo, Phoenicopterus roseus, of Europe & Africa)
Phoenicopterus ruber

American Flamingo
-
Glossy Ibis ______ DR,HA,JM,PR(r)
Plegadis falcinellus (now said to be monotypic)
- American White Ibis ______ CY,DR,JM
Eudocimus albus
(monotypic)

American White Ibis
(photo by Howard Eskin)
- Roseate Spoonbill ______ DR
Platalea ajaja
(monotypic)


Two photographs of Roseate Spoonbills, as seen in the
Dominican Republic
(upper photo of adults in breeding plumage,
lower photo of a bird in non-breeding plumage by Howard Eskin)
-
Great Blue Heron ______ CY,DM,DR,HA,JM,PR,SL,SV
Ardea h. herodias
- Great Egret ______
CY,DM,DR,HA,JM,PR,SL,SV
Ardea
(or Casmerodius or Egretta) alba egretta

Great Egret
(photo by Howard Eskin)
-
Green Heron ______ BD,CY,DM,DR,HA,JM,PR,SL,SV
(was for a
time considered conspecific with the nearly-cosmopolitan Striated Heron,
and
was then called Green-backed Heron)
Butorides virescens maculata
- Cattle Egret ______ BD,CY,DM,DR,JM,PR,SL,SV
Bubulcus i. ibis (the single member of its genus)

Cattle Egret
(photo by Howard Eskin)
- Snowy Egret ______ BD,CY,DM,DR,HA,JM,PR,SL
Egretta
(formerly Leucophoyx) thula brewsteri

Snowy Egret, with red lores in breeding plumage
(photo by Howard Eskin)
- Little Egret ______ BD,DM(r),SL(r)
Egretta g. garzetta

Little Egret
(photo by Howard Eskin)
- Little Blue Heron
______ CY,DM,DR,HA,JM,PR,SL,SV
Egretta (formerly Florida)
caerulea (monotypic)

An adult Little Blue Heron photographed during a FONT tour
- Tricolored Heron ______ CY,DR,HA,JM,PR,SL
(was called Louisiana Heron)
Egretta (formerly Hydranassa) tricolor ruficollis
-
Reddish Egret ______ DR,HA,PR(r)
Egretta
(formerly Dichromanassa) r. rufescens
-
Black-crowned Night-Heron ______ CY,DR,JM,PR,SL
Nycticorax nycticorax hoactii
-
Yellow-crowned Night-Heron ______ CY,DM,DR,JM,PR,SL,SV
Nyctanassa violacea bancrofti
(the single member of its genus)
-
Least Bittern ______ CY,DR,JM,PR
Ixobrychus e. exilis
-
American Bittern ______ PR(r)
Botaurus lentiginosus
- Red-billed Tropicbird
______ SL
Phaethon aethereus mesonauta

Red-billed Tropicbird
(a black-and-white photo by Alan Brady)
- White-tailed Tropicbird
(p) ______ CY,DM,DR,JM,PR
Phaethon lepturus catesbyi

White-tailed Tropicbird
(a black-and-white photo by Alan Brady)
- Magnificent Frigatebird
(p) ______ CY,DM,DR,GR,JM,PR,SL,SV
Fregata magificens
(now said to be monotypic)
-
Brown Pelican (p) ______ CY,DM,DR,JM,PR,SL
Pelecanus o. occidentalis
-
Masked Booby (mi) ______ PR
Sula d. dactylatra
-
Brown Booby (p) ______ DM,DR,PR,SL,SV
Sula l. leucogaster
-
Red-footed Booby (p) ______ CY,DM,PR
Sula s. sula

A Red-footed Booby photographed during a FONT
pelagic trip off Puerto Rico
- Neotropic Cormorant ______ JM(r)
(was called Olivaceous Cormorant)
Phalacrocorax brasilianus mexicanus
-
Turkey Vulture ______ DR,JM,PR
Cathartes a. aura
-
Merlin ______ CY,DM,DR,JM,PR,SL,SV
Falco c. columbarius
A Merlin in flight
-
American Kestrel ______ CY,DR,DM,JM,PR,SL,SV
Falco sparverius dominicensis (this subspecies endemic to Hispaniola)
Falco sparverius sparveroides (this subspecies
in Jamaica, the Caymans, Cuba, & the southern Bahamas)
Falco sparverius caribaearum (this subspecies in
Puerto Rico & in the Lesser Antilles)
(These Caribbean subspecies are resident.)
-
Peregrine Falcon ______ DR,DM,PR,SL,SV
Falco peregrinus anatum
(from North America)
Falco peregrinus tundrius
(from North America, north of F.p.anatum)

Peregrine Falcon
(photo by Kim Steininger)
- Osprey ______ CY,DM,DR,JM,PR,SL
Pandion haliaetus (2 subspecies occur in the Caribbean) (the
single member of its genus)
Pandion
haliaetus carolinensis (migrant
North American breeder)
Pandion haliaetus ridgwayi
(breeder in Caribbean area)

Osprey
(photo by Kim Steininger)
-
Sharp-shinned Hawk ______ DR,PR
Accipiter s. striatus (t3) (this subspecies,
the nominate, endemic to Hispaniola)
Accipiter striatus venator
(t2) (this subspecies endemic to Puerto
Rico)

A male Sharp-shinned Hawk of the endemic subspecies
in Puerto Rico
-
Red-tailed Hawk ______ DR,JM,PR
Buteo j. jamaicensis (this
subspecies, the nominate, in Hispaniola, Jamaica, & Puerto Rico)

A Red-tailed Hawk in flight, Buteo jamaicensis
(photo by Doris Potter)
- Ridgway's Hawk
(t1) ______ DR
Buteo ridgwayi (monotypic)
- Broad-winged Hawk ______ DM,GR,PR,SL,SV
Buteo platypterus antillarum (subspecies on Barbados, Grenada, St.
Vincent, & Tobago)
Buteo platypterus rivierei (subspecies on Dominica, St. Lucia, &
Martinique)
Buteo platypterus brunnescens (t3) (subspecies
endemic to Puerto Rico)
(There are 5 subspecies in the Caribbean, all resident.)
- Common Black Hawk ______
SL(r),SV (in the Caribbean also known as
the "Black Crab Hawk")
Buteogallus a. anthracinus
-
"Antillean" Clapper Rail ______ DR,JM,PR
Rallus longirostris caribaeus

Clapper Rail
(photo by Howard Eskin)
-
Yellow-breasted Crake ______ DR,JM,PR
Porzana flaviventer hendersoni (this subspecies in Hispaniola & Puerto Rico)
Porzana flaviventor gossi (this subspecies in Jamaica & Cuba)
-
Sora ______ DR,PR
Porzana carolina
(monotypic)
- Spotted Rail _____ DR
Pardirallus m. maculatus
- Purple Gallinule ______ CY,DR,JM,PR
Porphyrula martinica (monotypic)

Purple Gallinule
(photo by Marie Gardner)
- Common Moorhen (or Gallinule) ______
BD,CY,DR,DM,HA,JM,PR,SL,SV
Gallinula chloropus cerceris
-
American Coot ______ CY,DR,JM,PR
Fulica a. americana
-
"Caribbean Coot" (nt) ______ DR,HA,JM,PR,SL(r)
(has been considered by some to be conspecific with American Coot)
Fulica caribaea
- Limpkin ______ DR,JM
Aramus guarauna elucus (t3) (this subspecies now endemic to Hispaniola,
as it has been extirpated in Puerto Rico)
Aramus guarauna pictus (this
subspecies in Jamaica, Cuba, & Florida USA)
(the single member of its genus & family)
- Northern Jacana ______ DR,JM
Jacana spinosa violacea (this subspecies in the Caribbean: in Hispaniola,
Jamaica, & Cuba)
- American Oystercatcher ______ PR
Haematopus p. palliatus
- Grey (or Black-bellied) Plover ______ CY,DR,JM,PR,SL
Pluvialis squatarola cynosurae
- American Golden Plover ______ SL
Pluvialis dominica (monotypic)

American Golden Plover
(photo by Howard Eskin)
- Semipalmated Plover
______ BD,CY,DR,JM,PR,SL
Charadrius semipalmatus
(monotypic)
-
Snowy Plover ______ DR,PR(r) (was
conspecific with the Kentish Plover of Eurasia)
Charadrius n. nivosus
(t3)
Snowy Plover
(photo by Howard Eskin)
- Wilson's Plover ______ BD,CY(r),DR,HA,JM,PR
Charadrius wilsonia rufinucha (resident subspecies in the Caribbean)

Wilson's Plover
(photo by Marie Gardner)
- Killdeer ______ DR,HA,JM,PR
Charadrius vociferus ternominatus (resident subspecies in the
Caribbean)
Charadrius v. vociferus (North American breeder that occurs in the
Caribbean outside the breeding season)
- Black-necked Stilt ______ CY,DR,HA,JM,PR
(has been said by some to be conspecific with the Black-winged Stilt of the Old
World, Himantopus himantopus)
Himantopus mexicanus

Black-necked Stilt
(photo by Howard Eskin)
- Hudsonian Godwit ______ DR
(seen in April, rare in the Caribbean in the spring)
Limosa haemastica (monotypic)
- "American" Whimbrel ______ DR,PR
(has historically been called "Hudsonian Curlew")
Numenius phaeopus hudsonicus
-
Spotted Sandpiper ______ CY,DR,DM,JM,PR,SL,SV
Actitis macularia (monotypic)
- Solitary Sandpiper ______ CY,DR,HA,JM,PR,SL,SV
Tringa s. solitaria

Solitary Sandpiper
(photo by Kim Steininger)
-
Greater Yellowlegs ______ CY,DR,HA,JM,PR,SL
Tringa melanoleuca (monotypic)
-
Lesser Yellowlegs ______ BD,CY,DR,HA,JM,PR,SL
Tringa flavipes
(monotypic)
- Wood Sandpiper (WIr) ______
BD(r)
Tringa glareola
- Willet ______ CY,DR,JM,PR,SL
Tringa
(formerly Catoptrophorus) s. semipalmata

Willet
(photo by Howard Eskin)
- Ruddy Turnstone ______ BD,CY,DM,DR,JM,PR,SL
Arenaria interpres morinella

A Ruddy Turnstone in non-breeding plumage
(photo by Howard Eskin)
-
Semipalmated Sandpiper ______ BD,CY,DR,HA,JM,PR
Calidris pusilia
(monotypic)
- Western Sandpiper ______ DR,JM,PR,SL
Calidris mauri
(monotypic)
- Least Sandpiper ______ CY,DR,HA,JM,PR,SL
Calidris minutilla
(monotypic)
- White-rumped Sandpiper ______ DR,PR(r)
Calidris fuscicollis
(monotypic)
- Sanderling ______ DR,JM,PR,SL
Calidris alba rubida
- Dunlin ______ DR(r)
(see note following list)
Calidris alpina hudsonia
- Red Knot ______ PR
Calidris canutus rufa
-
Short-billed Dowitcher ______ DR,JM,PR
Limnodromus griseus (2 subspecies in the West Indies: L. g. grieus &
L. g. hendersoni)

Short-billed Dowitcher
(photo by Howard Eskin)
- Long-billed Dowitcher ______ HA
Limnodromus scolopaceus (monotypic)
(monotypic)
- Ruff / Reeve (WIr) ______
BD(r)
Philomachus pugnax
(monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
- Stilt Sandpiper ______ DR,PR
Calidris (has been Micropalama)
himantopus (monotypic)
- Wilson's Snipe ______
CY,DM,JM,SL (until recently considered conspecific with the Common
Snipe of the Palearctic, Gallinago
gallinago)
Gallinago delicata (monotypic)
- Wilson's Phalarope ______ DR
Phalaropus (formerly Steganopus) tricolor
(monotypic)
- "American" Herring Gull ______ DR,PR
Larus (argentatus) smithsonianus
-
Great Black-backed Gull ______ PR(r)
Larus marinus
(monotypic)
- Ring-billed Gull ______ DM,DR,PR
Larus delawarensis (monotypic)
- Lesser Black-backed Gull ______ DM,DR.PR
Larus fuscus
- Bonaparte's Gull _____ DR
Larus philadelphia
- Laughing Gull ______ CY,DM,DR,JM,PR,SL,SV
Larus a. atricilla

Laughing Gulls
(photo by Howard Eskin)
- Gull-billed Tern ______ DR
Gelochelidon (formerly Sterna) nilotica aranea
- Common Tern
(p) ______ DR,PR
Sterna h. hirundo
-
Roseate Tern (p) ______ DR,PR,SL
Sterna d. dougallii (t3)

Roseate Tern
(photo by Alan Brady)
-
Bridled Tern (p) ______ PR,SL
Onychoprion
(formerly Sterna) anaethetus melanoptera

Bridled Tern
(photo by Alan Brady)
-
Sooty Tern (p) ______ DM,PR,SL
Onychoprion
(formerly Sterna) f. fuscata

Sooty Tern
(photo by Alan Brady)
-
Least Tern ______ CY,DR,PR
Sternula (formerly Sterna) a. antillarum
-
Royal Tern ______ CY,DM,DR,JM,PR,SL,SV
Thalasseus (formerly Sterna) m. maxima

A juvenile Royal Tern
(photo by Howard Eskin)
-
Cayenne Tern ______ PR(r) (was
conspecific with the Sandwich Tern)
Thalasseus
(formerly Sterna) eurygnatha
-
Sandwich Tern ______ DR,JM,PR,SL
Thalasseus
(formerly Sterna) sandvicensis acuflavida

Sandwich Tern
(a black-and-white photo by Alan Brady)
-
Caspian Tern ______ DR,PR
Hydroprogne (formerly Sterna) caspia (monotypic)
-
Black Tern ______ DR
Chlidonias niger surinamensis
- Brown Noddy (p) ______ PR,SL
Anous s. stolidus
- Pomarine Skua (p) ______
DM (In North America, has been called Pomarine Jaeger)
Stercorarius pomarinus
(monotypic)

Pomarine Skuas
(or
Pomarine Jaegers)
have commonly
been seen in the winter
during FONT pelagic trips off Dominica
(a black-and-white photo by Alan Brady)
- Great Skua (p) ______ DM
Stercorarius (formerly
Catharacta) skua
(monotypic)
- White-crowned Pigeon ______ CY,DR,JM,PR
Patagioenas
(formerly Columba) leucocephala
(monotypic)
- Scaly-naped (or
Red-necked) Pigeon ______ BD,DM,DR,GR,PR,SL,SV
Patagioenas
(formerly Columba) squamosa (monotypic)
-
Plain Pigeon (t3) ______ DR,PR
Patagioenas
(formerly
Columba)
i. inornata (this subspecies on
Hispaniola & Cuba)
Patagioenas
(formerly
Columba)
inornata wetmorei (this subspecies endemic to
Puerto Rico)
- Ring-tailed Pigeon (t1)
______ JM(e)
Patagioenas
(formerly Columba) caribaea
(monotypic)
- Common (or Feral) Pigeon (i) ______
CY,DM,DR,HA,JM,PR,SL,SV
Columba livia
- African Collared Dove (i) ______ PR (What's
been called the
Ringed Turtle Dove, or the
Barbary Dove, historically native to North
Africa, is said to be a domesticated form, or recessive mutant of this species
that continues in the wild in Africa.)
Streptopelia roseorisea
- Eurasian Collared Dove (i)
______ DM
Streptopelia decaocto
- Mourning Dove ______ DR,HA,JM,PR
Zenaida m. macroura
(this subspecies, the nominate, endemic to the West Indies)
-
Zenaida Dove ______ BD,CY,DM,DR,JM,PR,SL,SV
Zenaida a. aurita (resident subspecies of the Lesser Antilles)
Zenaida aurita zenaida (resident subspecies of the northern
Caribbean)
Zenaida Dove
(photographed by Marie Gardner in Saint Lucia
during the Dec 2007 FONT Lesser Antilles Tour)
- Eared Dove ______ GR,SL,SV
Zenaida auriculata rubripes (subspecies of the Lesser Antilles &
northern South America)
(subspecies of the Lesser Antilles &
northern South America)
Eared Dove
(photographed by Marie Gardner in Saint Vincent
during the Dec 2007 FONT Lesser Antilles Tour)
- White-winged Dove ______ CY,DR,JM,PR
Zenaida a. asiatica
-
Caribbean Dove ______ CY,JM
Leptotila jamaicensis collaris (subspecies
endemic to the Cayman Islands)
Leptotila j. jamaicensis (subspecies
endemic to Jamaica)
- Grenada Dove (t1) (LAe) ______
GR(e) (closely related to the Gray-fronted Dove
of central & South
America, Leptotila rufaxilla, and has been said by some to be
conspecific)
Leptotila wellsi (monotypic)
- Common Ground-Dove ______ BD,CY,DM,DR,GR,JM,PR,SL,SV
Columbina passerina antillarum (subspecies on Barbados, Grenada, St.
Lucia, & St. Vincent)
Columbina passerina nigrirostris (subspecies endemic to Dominica)
Columbina passerina insularis (subspecies in Hispaniola, Cuba, the
Cayman Is., & some other small islands)
Columbina passerina jamaicensis (subspecies endemic to Jamaica)
Columbina passerina portoricensis (subspecies in Puerto Rico & the Virgin Islands)

A Common Ground Dove, not on the ground
(photographed by Marie Gardner in Saint Lucia
during the Dec 2007 FONT Lesser Antilles Tour)
-
Ruddy Quail-Dove ______ DM,DR,JM,PR,SL,SV
Geotrygon m. montana (the same subspecies as in Central & South America)
-
Bridled Quail-Dove (nt) ______ PR,SL
Geotrygon mystacea (monotypic)
- Key West Quail-Dove ______ DR,PR
Geotrygon chrysia (monotypic)
- Hispaniolan
(has been part of Gray-headed) Quail-Dove (t3) ______
DR (HIe)
Geotrygon (caniceps) leucometopia
- Crested Quail-Dove (nt) ______
JM(e)
Geotrygon versicolor (monotypic)
-
Monk Parakeet (i) ______ CY,PR (native to
south-central South America)
Myiopsitta monachus
- White-winged
Parakeet (i) ______ PR
(native to north-central South America) (previously considered
conspecific with the Canary-winged Parakeet, also of South America)
Brotogeris (v.) versicolurus
- Jamaican Parakeet (or Conure) ______
DR,JM(was e)
(was conspecific with what's now the Aztec
Parakeet (or Conure)
in Central America, Aratinga astec;
when merged
was known collectively as the
Olive-throated Parakeet (or
Conure)
Aratinga nana
- Hispaniolan Parakeet (or Conure) (t3) ______ DR
(HIe)
Aratinga c. chloroptera (another subspecies on Mona
Island, off western
Puerto Rico, now extinct)
- Orange-fronted Parakeet (or Conure) (i) ______
PR
(native to Central America)
Aratinga canicularis
-
Mitred Parakeet (or Conure) (i) ______ PR
(native to south-central South America)
Aratinga mitrata
- Green-rumped
(or Guiana)
Parrotlet (i) ______ JM
Forpus passerinus
- Puerto Rican Amazon (or Parrot) (t1) ______
PR(e,r)
(see note following list)
Amazona v. vittata
(a second subspecies on Culebra Island, A. V.
gracilipes,
now extinct)
- Rose-throated Amazon (or Parrot) (nt)
______ CY (with various names
on different islands: "Cayman Amazon, or Parrot", "Cuban
Amazon or Parrot", & "Bahama Amazon, or
Parrot")
Amazona leucocephala caymanensis (an
endemic subspecies on Grand Cayman island)
(Another subspecies occurs in the Caymans, A.
l. hesterna, endemic to Cayman Brac Island.)

The Cayman, or Rose-throated, Amazon
In the Caribbean, there are 4 subspecies. 2 of them are in the Cayman Islands.
The other 2 subspecies are in the Bahama Islands & Cuba.
- Imperial Amazon (or Parrot) (t2) (LAe)
______ DM(e) (known in Dominica as the "Sisserou")
Amazona imperialis (monotypic)
- Red-necked Amazon (or Parrot) (t3) (LAe)
______ DM(e) (also called "Bouquet's Amazon") (known in
Dominica as the "Jaco" or "Perroquet")
Amazona arausiaca (monotypic)
- Hispaniolan Amazon (or Parrot) (t3) ______
DR (HIe)
Amazona ventralis (monotypic)
- Yellow-billed Amazon (or Parrot) (nt) ______
JM(e)
Amazona collaria (monotypic)
- Black-billed Amazon (or Parrot) (t3)
______ JM(e)
Amazona agilis (monotypic)
- Saint Lucia
Amazon (or Parrot) (t3) (LAe) ______ SL(e) (also
called the Versicolored Amazon) (known in St. Lucia as
the "Jacquot")
Amazona versicolor (monotypic)
- Saint Vincent Amazon (or Parrot) (t3) (LAe)
______ SV(e) (also called "Guilding's Amazon")
Amazona guildingii
The colorful Saint Vincent Amazon,
photographed during the FONT tour in December 2007.
Above: a captive bird in the botanical garden.
Below: in the wild, in the forest.
(photos by tour participant, Marie
Z. Gardner)
- Orange-winged Amazon (or Parrot) (i) ______ PR
(native to north-central South America)
Amazona amazonica
- Yellow-headed Amazon (or Parrot) ______
PR
(native to Mexico & Belize)
Amazona oratrix
-
Mangrove Cuckoo ______ CY,DM,DR,GR,JM,PR,SL,SV
Coccyzus minor (now said to be monotypic, formerly subspecies in the West
Indies: Coccyzus minor nesiotes)

A Mangrove Cuckoo photographed during a FONT tour in
the Caribbean
-
Yellow-billed Cuckoo ______ PR,SL
Coccyzus americanus (monotypic)
- Hispaniolan Lizard Cuckoo ______ DR
(HIe)
Coccyzus (formerly
Saurothera) l. longirostris (the other subspecies on the small islands La
Mohotiere & Gonave off DR)
- Jamaican Lizard Cuckoo ______ JM(e)
Coccyzus (formerly Saurothera) vetula (monotypic)

A Jamaican Lizard Cuckoo photographed during a FONT tour
- Puerto Rican Lizard Cuckoo ______ PR(e)
Coccyzus (formerly Saurothera) vieilloti (monotypic)
- Bay-breasted Cuckoo (t2) ______ DR (HIe)
Coccyzus (formerly
Hyetornis)
rufigularis (monotypic)
- Chestnut-bellied Cuckoo ______ JM(e)
Coccyzus (formerly Hyetornis) pluvialis
(monotypic)
- Smooth-billed Ani ______ CY,DM,DR,GR,JM,PR,SL,SV
Crotophaga ani (monotypic)

A Smooth-billed Ani photographed during a FONT tour
-
Barn Owl ______ CY,DM,DR,JM,PR,SL,SV
Tyto alba nigrescens (subspecies endemic to Dominica)
Tyto alba insularis (subspecies on St. Lucia & St. Vincent)
Tyto alba pratincola (subspecies endemic to Dominica)
Tyto alba insularis (subspecies on St. Lucia & St. Vincent)
Tyto alba pratincola (subspecies in Hispaniola & Puerto Rico, also in North & Central America)
Tyto alba furcata (subspecies in
Jamaica, Cuba, and the Caymans)

Barn Owl, photographed during a FONT tour
- Ashy-faced Owl
______ DR (HIe)
Tyto glaucops (monotypic)
- Puerto Rican Screech Owl ______ PR(PR&VIe)
Megascops
(formerly Otus)
n. nudipes
(another subspecies in the Virgin Islands)

A Puerto Rican Screech Owl photographed during a FONT
tour
- Burrowing Owl ______ DR
Athene cunicularia troglodytes
(this subspecies endemic to Hispaniola; 2
other West Indian subspecies have been extirpated, in Antigua and Guadeloupe)

Burrowing Owl, in a burrow in the Dominican Republic
- Jamaican Owl ______
JM(e)
Pseudoscops grammicus
(monotypic)
- Northern
Potoo ______ DR,JM
Nyctibius jamaicensis abbotti (subspecies
endemic to Hispaniola)
Nyctibius j. jamaicensis (subspecies
endemic to Jamaica)

A Northern Potoo photographed during a FONT tour in
Jamaica
(photo by Howard Lebo)
- Chuck-will's-Widow ______ DR,PR
Caprimulgus carolinensis
(monotypic)
- "Saint Lucia Nightjar" ______ SL
(part of the Rufous Nightjar
of South America)
Caprimulgus rufus otiosus (t2) (an endemic subspecies on St. Lucia)

Rufous Nightjar, photographed during a FONT tour
(photo by Marie Gardner)
- "Hispaniolan Nightjar" ______ DR
(HIe)
(considered conspecific with the Cuban Nightjar, C.
c. cubanensis, and thus properly called the Greater Antillean Nightjar)
Caprimulgus cubanensis ekmani
- Puerto Rican Nightjar (t1) ______ PR(e,r)
(during some tours heard only)
Caprimulgus noctitherus
(monotypic)
- Least Poorwill (t3)
______ DR (HIe) (has been called Least Pauraque)
Siphonorhis brewsteri (monotypic)
(The only other member of this genus, the Jamaican Pauraque,
may be extinct.)
- Antillean Nighthawk ______ CY,DR,JM,PR
Chordeiles g. gundlachii (this subspecies of
the Greater Antilles, the other of Florida & the Bahamas)
- Common Nighthawk ______
DR
Chordeiles minor (6
subspecies migrate thru the Caribbean between North & South America)
- White-collared Swift ______ DR,JM
Streptoprocne zonaris pallidifrons (the
subspecies of the Caribbean)
- American Black Swift ______ DR,JM,PR,SL,SV
Cypseloides n. niger
(the subspecies of the
Caribbean & Trinidad; present there during its breeding season)
- Chimney Swift ______ CY
Chaetura pelagica (monotypic)
- Short-tailed Swift ______ SV
Chaetura brachyura praevelox (this subspecies on St. Vincent, Grenada,
& Tobago)
- Lesser Antillean Swift (LAe)
______ DM,SL,SV
Chaetura martinica (monotypic)
- Antillean Palm Swift ______ DR,JM
Tachornis p. phoenicobia (the
subspecies of Hispaniola & Jamaica; the other is of Cuba)
- Hispaniolan Emerald ______ DR
(HIe)
Chlorostilbon swainsonii (monotypic)
- Puerto Rican Emerald (PRe) ______ PR
Chlorostilbon maugaeus (monotypic)
-
Antillean Mango ______ DR,PR
Anthracothorax d. dominicus (subspecies
endemic to Hispaniola)
Anthracothorax dominicus aurulentus
(subspecies
endemic to Hispaniola)
Anthracothorax dominicus aurulentus
(subspecies endemic to Puerto Rico)
- Jamaican Mango ______
JM(e)
Anthracothorax mango
(monotypic)
- Green Mango ______ PR(e)
Anthracothorax viridis
(monotypic)
- Blue-headed Hummingbird (LAe)
______ DM
(restricted to the 2 islands of Dominica & Martinique)
Cyanophaia bicolor (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
- Purple-throated Carib (LAe)
______ DM,SL,SV
Eulampis jugularis (monotypic)

A Purple-throated Carib photographed during a FONT
tour
- Green-throated Carib ______ DM,PR,SL,SV
Eulampis h. holosericeus (subspecies in
east Puerto Rico & in most of the Lesser
Antilles)
A Green-throated Carib photographed during a FONT tour in St. Lucia in Dec
2007
(photo by Marie Gardner)
-
Antillean Crested Hummingbird ______ BD,DM,GR,PR,SL,SV
Orthorhyncus cristatus exilis
(subspecies in Puerto Rico & in most of the Lesser
Antilles, including Dominica & St. Lucia)
Orthorhyncus c. cristatus (an endemic subspecies in Barbados)
Orthorhyncus cristatus emigrans (an endemic subspecies in Grenada)
Orthorhyncus cristatus ornatus (an endemic subspecies in St. Vincent)
(on Grenada blue-crested, on other islands green-crested)

A female Antillean Crested Hummingbird
photographed during a FONT tour in St. Lucia in Dec 2007
(photo by Marie Gardner)
- Red-billed Streamertail ______ JM(e)
(the two streamertails have been considered conspecific)
Trochilus polytmus
(monotypic)

A Red-billed Streamertail photographed during a FONT
tour
- Black-billed Streamertail ______ JM(e)
(the two streamertails have been considered conspecific)
Trochilus scitulus
- Vervain
Hummingbird ______ DR,JM
Mellisuga minima vieillota (subspecies
endemic to Hispaniola & nearby small islands)
Mellisuga m. minima (subspecies
endemic to Jamaica)
(In this genus, this species & the Bee Hummingbird of
Cuba, reputed to be the smallest bird in the world.)
- Hispaniolan Trogon (nt) ______ DR
(HIe)
Priotelus (was
Temnotrogon) roseigaster (monotypic) (In
this genus, only the 2 trogons of the Caribbean, the other being the
Cuban Trogon)

Hispaniolan Trogon, photographed during a FONT tour
- Belted Kingfisher ______ CY,DM,DR,HA,JM,PR.SV
Megaceryle
(formerly Ceryle)
alcyon (monotypic)
- Ringed Kingfisher ______ DM
Megaceryle
(formerly Ceryle) torquata stictipennis
(subspecies endemic
to the West Indies, only on Dominica & Guadeloupe)
- Narrow-billed Tody (nt)
______ DR (HIe)
Todus angustirostris (monotypic)
(this genus, with 5 species (4 in this list), endemic to the Caribbean)
- Broad-billed Tody ______ DR
(HIe)
Todus subulatus
(monotypic)
- Jamaican Tody ______ JM(e)
Todus todus (monotypic)

Jamaican Tody, photographed during a FONT tour
- Puerto Rican Tody ______ PR(e)
Todus mexicanus
(monotypic)

Puerto Rican Tody
- Hispaniolan
Piculet (nt) ______ DR (HIe)
Nesoctites m. micromegas (another
subspecies on Gonave Island, off DR) (the single member of its genus)
- West Indian Woodpecker ______
CY
Melanerpes superciliaris caymanensis (an endemic
subspecies on Grand Cayman Island)
- Hispaniolan Woodpecker ______ DR
(HIe)
Melanerpes striatus (monotypic)
- Jamaican Woodpecker ______ JM(e)
Melanerpes radiolatus
(monotypic)
- Puerto Rican Woodpecker ______ PR(e)
Melanerpes portoricensis
(monotypic)

Puerto Rican Woodpecker, photographed during a FONT tour
- Yellow-bellied Sapsucker ______ CY,DR
Sphyrapicus varius (monotypic)

Yellow-bellied Sapsucker
(photo by Howard Eskin)
- "Yellow-shafted" Northern
Flicker ______ CY
Colaptes auratus gundlachi (an
endemic subspecies on Grand Cayman Island)
- Jamaican
Becard ______ JM(e)
Pachyramphus niger (monotypic)
(the only becard of the Caribbean)
- Gray Kingbird ______ BD,CY,DM,DR,GR,HA,JM,PR,SL,SV
Tyrannus d. dominicensis
(this subspecies, in
the Greater Antilles, also in parts of North, Central, & South
America)
Tyrannus dominicensis vorax (subspecies in the Lesser Antilles & Trinidad)

Gray Kingbird
(photographed by Marie Gardner in Saint Lucia
during the Dec 2007 FONT Lesser Antilles Tour)
-
Loggerhead Kingbird ______ CY,DR,JM,PR
Tyrannus caudifasciatus caymanensis (subspecies
endemic to the Cayman Islands)
(subspecies
endemic to the Cayman Islands)
Tyrannus
caudifasciatus flavescens (subspecies
endemic to Hispaniola & nearby small islands; another subspecies T.
c. gabbii occurs in Haiti)
Tyrannus caudifasciatus jamaicensis
(subspecies endemic to Jamaica)
Tyrannus caudifasciatus taylori (subspecies endemic to Puerto Rico)

Loggerhead Kingbird
-
Great Crested Flycatcher ______ PR(r)
Myiarchus crinitus
(monotypic)
- LaSagra's Flycatcher ______ CY
Myiarchus s. sagrae
(subspecies of the Caymans & Cuba)
- Stolid Flycatcher ______ DR,JM
Myiarchus stolidus dominicensis
(subspecies endemic to Hispaniola)
Myiarchus s. stolidus (subspecies
endemic to Jamaica)
- Rufous-tailed Flycatcher ______ JM(e)
Myiarchus validus (monotypic)
- Sad Flycatcher ______
JM(e)
Myiarchus barbirostris (monotypic)
- Puerto Rican Flycatcher ______ PR
(PR&VIe)
Myiarchus antillarum
(monotypic)

A Puerto Rican Flycatcher photographed during a
FONT tour
- Lesser Antillean Flycatcher (LAe) ______
DM,SL
Myiarchus o. oberi (subspecies restricted to Dominica & Guadeloupe)
Myiarchus oberi sanctaeluciae (an endemic subspecies in St. Lucia)
- Grenada Flycatcher (LAe) ______
GR,SV
Myiarchus nugator (monotypic)
- Eastern Wood-Pewee ______
CY
Contopus virens (monotypic)
- Hispaniolan
Pewee ______ DR (HIe)
(formerly part of Greater Antillean Pewee)
Contopus h. hispaniolensis (another
subspecies on Gongave Island)
- Jamaican Pewee ______
JM(e)
Contopus pallidus
(monotypic)
- Puerto Rican Pewee ______ PR(e) (has been
considered part of the Lesser Antillean Pewee)
Contopus (latirostris) portoricensis

A Puerto Rican Pewee photographed during a FONT tour
- Saint Lucia Pewee (LAe) ______ SL(e)
Contopus (latirostris) oberi (monotypic)
- Lesser Antillean Pewee (LAe)
______ DM
Contopus latirostris brunneicapillus (this subspecies in Dominica,
Guadeloupe, & Martinique)
- Greater Antillean Elaenia
______ DR,JM
Elaenia fallax cherriei (subspecies
endemic to Hispaniola)
Elaenia f. fallax (subspecies
endemic to Jamaica)
- Caribbean Elaenia ______ BD,CY,DM,GR,PR,SL,SV
Elaenia martinica caymanensis
(subspecies
endemic to the Cayman Islands)
Elaenia m. martinica
(subspecies of Puerto Rico & the Lesser Antilles)
- Yellow-bellied Elaenia ______ GR,SL(r),SV
Elaenia f. flavogaster
Yellow-bellied Elaenia
(photographed by Marie Gardner in Saint Vincent
during the Dec 2007 FONT Lesser Antilles Tour)
- Jamaican Elaenia ______ JM(e)
Myiopagis cotta (monotypic)
- Thick-billed Vireo ______ CY
Vireo crassirostris alleni
(subspecies endemic to the Cayman Islands)
- Flat-billed
Vireo ______ DR (HIe)
Vireo nanus (monotypic)
- Jamaican Vireo ______ JM(e)
Vireo modestus (monotypic)
- Blue Mountain Vireo (nt) ______
JM(e)
Vireo osburni (monotypic)
- Puerto Rican Vireo ______ PR(e)
Vireo latimeri (monotypic)
-
Red-eyed Vireo ______ PR(r)
Vireo o. olivaceus
-
Black-whiskered Vireo ______ BD,CY,DM,DR,JM,PR,SL,SV
Vireo altiloquus barbadensis (subspecies occurring from St. Croix in the
Virgin Islands south to Barbados)
Vireo a. altiloquus (subspecies in the Greater Antilles & the Cayman
Islands; it migrates in its non-breeding season to northern South
America)
- Yucatan Vireo ______ CY
Vireo magister caymanensis (an
endemic subspecies on Grand Cayman Island, the only subspecies on an West
Indian island, although 2 subspecies occur on islands off Belize &
Honduras)
- White-necked Crow (t3) ______
DR (now HIe) (formerly occurred in
Puerto Rico, last recorded there in the 1960s)
Corvus leucognaphalus (monotypic)
- Hispaniolan Palm Crow (nt)
______ DR (HIe) (was conspecific with the
Cuban Palm Crow, C. minutus)
Corvus palmarum
- Jamaican Crow ______
JM(e) (also called "Jabbering Crow")
Corvus jamaicensis
(monotypic)
- Palmchat ______ DR (HIe)
Dulus dominicus (monotypic,
and the single member of its genus & family, endemic to Hispaniola)

A large Palmchat nest
(photo during a FONT tour by Jennie Gaitskill)
- Caribbean Martin ______ BD,DM,DR,JM,PR,SL,SV (has been
considered conspecific with Sinaloa (or Snowy-bellied) Martin of Mexico)
Progne dominicensis
(now monotypic)
- Purple Martin ______ CY,JM(r)
Progne s. subis
(these sightings, of males, probably Purple Martin,
but possibly Cuban Martin, Progne cryptoleuca)
- Golden
Swallow (t3) ______ DR (maybe
now HIe)
Tachycineta euchrysea sclateri (subspecies
endemic to Hispaniola; the only other subspecies, on Jamaica, may now be
extinct)
- Tree Swallow ______
JM,PR
Tachycineta bicolor
(monotypic)
- Bank
Swallow ______ PR
(called Sand Martin in the Old
World)
Riparia r. riparia
-
Northern Rough-winged Swallow ______ PR(r)
Stelgidopteryx s. serripennis
-
Barn Swallow ______ CY,DM,DR,JM,PR,SL,SV
Hirundo rustica erythrogaster
- "Antillean" Cave Swallow ______ DR,JM,PR
Petrochelidon (formerly
Hirundo) f. fulva (subspecies endemic
to Hispaniola)
Petrochelidon (formerly Hirundo) fulva poeciloma (subspecies
endemic to Jamaica)
Petrochelidon (formerly Hirundo) fulva puertoricensis (subspecies endemic to Puerto Rico)
(4 subspecies in the Caribbean; 2 other subspecies in Mexico & the sw
US)
- "Saint Lucia Wren"
______ SL (part of the House
Wren)
Troglodytes aedon mesoleucus (t3) (an endemic subspecies in St. Lucia)
- "Saint Vincent Wren" ______
SV (part of the House Wren)
Troglodytes aedon musicus (t3) (an endemic subspecies in St. Vincent)
- "Lesser Antillean" House Wren
______ DM,GR (part of the House
Wren)
Troglodytes aedon rufescens (an endemic subspecies in Dominica)
Troglodytes aedon grenadensis (an endemic subspecies in Grenada)
- Gray Catbird ______ CY
Dumetella carolinensis (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
- Northern Mockingbird ______ CY,DR,JM,PR
Mimus polyglottos orpheus (resident
subspecies of the Caribbean, mostly the Greater Antilles)

Northern Mockingbird
(photo by Howard Eskin)
- Bahama Mockingbird ______ JM
Mimus gundlachii hillii (subspecies endemic to Jamaica) (the
other subspecies in the Bahamas & on small islands off Cuba)
- Tropical Mockingbird ______ DM,GR,SL,SV
Mimus gilvus antillarum (subspecies endemic to the Lesser Antilles)

A Tropical Mockingbird in Saint Lucia
(photo by Marie Gardner during the Dec 2007 FONT Lesser Antilles Tour)
- Scaly-breasted Thrasher (LAe)
______ DM,SL,SV
Allenia
(has been part of Margarops) fuscus
(the single member of
its genus)
Allenia fuscus hypenema (subspecies in Dominica & other northern
Lesser Antillean islands)
Allenia fuscus schwartzi (an endemic subspecies in St.
Lucia)
Allenia fuscus vincenti (an endemic subspecies in St. Vincent)
- Pearly-eyed Thrasher ______ DM,PR,SL
Margarops fuscatus (now the single member of its genus)
Margarops f. fuscatus (subspecies in Puerto Rico & northern Lesser
Antilles, including Dominica)
Margarops fuscatus klinikowskii (an endemic subspecies in St. Lucia)

A Pearly-eyed Thrasher in Puerto Rico
(photo by Marie Gardner during a FONT Tour)
- White-breasted Thrasher (t2) (LAe)
______ SL (this rare species restricted to St. Lucia & Martinique)
(the single member of its genus)
Ramphocinclus brachyurus sanctaeluciae (an endemic subspecies in St.
Lucia)
- Gray Trembler (LAe) ______
SL (this species restricted to the 2 islands of St. Lucia &
Martinique)
Cinclocerthia gutturalis macrorhyncha (an endemic subspecies in St.
Lucia)
- Brown Trembler (LAe) ______ DM,SV
Cinclocerthia r. ruficauda (an endemic subspecies in Dominica)
Cinclocerthia ruficauda tenebrosa (an endemic subspecies in St. Vincent)

A Brown Trembler photographed during a FONT tour
- Common Starling (i) ______ JM
Sturnis vulgaris
- Hill Myna (i) ______ PR
(native to
southeast Asia)
Gracula religiosa
- American Bare-eyed Thrush ______ DM,SL,SV
Turdus n. nudigenis
- Lesser Antillean Thrush ______ SV
(was part of the Cocoa Thrush of South America)
Turdus personus bondi (an endemic subspecies in St. Vincent; the other
subspecies on Grenada)
- Red-legged Thrush ______ DM,DR,PR
Turdus plumbeous albiventris (an endemic subspecies in Dominica)
Turdus plumbeus ardosiaceus (subspecies in Hispaniola & Puerto Rico)
- LaSelle Thrush (t2) ______ DR
(HIe)
Turdus s. swalesi (1 of 2
subspecies, both on Hispaniola)
- White-eyed Thrush ______ JM(e)
Turdus jamaicensis (monotypic)
- White-chinned Thrush ______ JM(e)
Turdus aurantius
(monotypic)
- Forest Thrush (nt) (LAe) ______ DM
Cichlherminia lherminieri dominicensis (an endemic subspecies in
Dominica; if it still exists in St. Lucia it is very rare there; other
subspecies are in Guadeloupe & Montserrat) (the single member of its
genus)
- Rufous-throated Solitaire ______ DM,DR,SL
Myadestes genibarbis dominicanus (subspecies endemic to Dominica)
Myadestes genibarbis montanus
(subspecies endemic to Hispaniola)
Myadestes genibarbis solitarius
(subspecies endemic to Jamaica)
Myadestes genibarbis sanctaelucinae (subspecies endemic to St. Lucia)
(There are now 5 subspecies in the Caribbean, with the Saint Vincent Solitaire
being split; M. g. genibarbis is endemic
to Martinique.) (This species is 1 of 2
members of a genus that's endemic to the Caribbean; the other being the
Cuban Solitaire.)
- Saint Vincent Solitaire ______ SV(e)
(was part of the Rufous-throated Solitaire)
Myadestes sibilans (monotypic)
-
House Sparrow (i) ______ DR,JM,PR,SV
(native to
Eurasia)
Passer domesticus
- Village Weaver (i) ______ DR
(native to Africa; First found in Haiti in 1796, now widespread
throughout Hispaniola.)
Ploceus cucullatus
Village Weavers (a male & a few females) in
the Dominican Republic
- Yellow-crowned Bishop (has
also been called Napolean Weaver) (i) ______
PR
(native to Africa)
Euplectes afer
- Red (or Orange) Bishop (i) ______
PR
(native to Africa, where now 2 species: Northern Red Bishop &
Southern Red Bishop)
Euplectes franciscanus
-
Orange-cheeked Waxbill (i) ______ PR
(native to central west Africa)
Estrilda melpoda
-
Indian Silverbill
(has also been called Warbling Silverbill or White-throated Munia) (i) ______
PR
(native: Africa thru India)
Lonchura malabarica
- Bronze Mannikin (has
also been called
Hooded Weaver) (i) ______ PR
(native to
Africa)
Lonchura cucullata
-
Scaly-breated Munia (has
also been called Nutmeg Mannikin or Spice Finch) (i) ______
DR,PR (native to India & southeast Asia)
Lonchura punctulata
- Black-headed Munia (has
also been called Tricolored Munia) (i) ______ JM,PR
(native to India & southeast Asia)
Lonchura malacca
-
Java Sparrow (i) ______ PR (native to
Indonesia)
Padda oryzivora
-
Pin-tailed Whydah (i) ______ PR
(native to
Africa)
Vidua macroura
- Antillean Euphonia ______ DM,DR,PR,SL,SV (was
called Blue-hooded Euphonia, when it was conspecific with what's
now the Elegant Euphonia in Central America and
the
Golden-rumped
Euphonia in South America)
Euphonia m. musica (subspecies
endemic to Hispaniola)
Euphonia
musica sclateri (subspecies endemic to Puerto Rico)
Euphonia musica flavifrons (in this subspecies, in the Lesser Antilles,
the plumages of the two sexes are alike, similar to the females of the other 2
subspecies in the Greater Antilles)
- Jamaican Euphonia ______ JM(e)
Euphonia jamaica (monotypic)
- Antillean
Siskin ______ DR (HIe)
Carduelis dominicensis
(monotypic)

A male Antillean Siskin
-
Hispaniolan Crossbill (t2) ______ DR (HIe)
(was considered part of the Two-barred Crossbill, Loxia
leucoptera, which has been called the White-winged Crossbill
in North America)
Loxia megaplaga

Hispaniolan Crossbill
- Black-and-white Warbler ______ CY,DM,DR,JM,PR
Mniotilta varia (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
-
Prothonotary Warbler ______ DM,DR,PR,SL
Protonotaria citrea (monotypic, and the single member of its
genus)
-
Worm-eating Warbler ______ DR,JM,PR
Helmitheros vermivorus (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
- Swainson's Warbler ______ JM
Limnothlypis swainsonii (monotypic,
and the single member of its genus)
- Blue-winged
Warbler ______ DR
Vermivora pinus (monotypic)
- Tennessee Warbler ______ DR.JM
Vermivora peregrina (monotypic)
- Nashville Warbler ______
JM
Vermivora r. ruficapilla
- Northern Parula ______ CY,DR,JM,PR
Parula americana
(monotypic)
-
American Yellow Warbler ______
BD,CY,DM,DR,JM,PR,SL
(some birds are resident in the Caribbean, while others are
migratory birds from North America that spend the winter in the Greater Antilles
& the Caymans) (now considered distinct from the Mangrove Warbler of
Central America, Dendroica erithachorides.)
Dendroica p. petechia (subspecies, the nominate, endemic to
Barbados)
Dendroica petechia melanoptera (subspecies on Dominica)
Dendroica petechia albicollis (subspecies
endemic to Hispaniola)
Dendroica petechia eoa (subspecies
in Jamaica & the Caymans)
Dendroica petechia bebad (subspecies endemic to St. Lucia)

Yellow Warbler
(photo by Howard Eskin)
-
Magnolia Warbler ______ DR,PR
Dendroica magnolia (monotypic)
- Black-throated Blue Warbler ______ CY,DR,JM,PR
Dendroica caerulescens
(2 subspecies winter in the Greater Antilles of the Caribbean: D. c.
caerulescens & D. c. cairnsi)
- Black-throated Green Warbler ______ DR
Dendroica virens (now said to
be monotypic)
- Cape May Warbler ______ DM,DR,JM,PR
Dendroica tigrina
(monotypic)
-
Yellow-throated Warbler ______ CY,DR,JM,PR
Dendroica dominica
(3 subspecies occur in the
Caribbean)

Yellow-throated Warbler
- Chestnut-sided Warbler
______ DR,JM
Dendroica pensylvanica
(monotypic)

Chestnut-sided Warbler
(photo by Andy Smith)
- "Myrtle" Yellow-rumped Warbler ______
DR,JM,PR
Dendroica c. coronata
- Adelaide's Warbler ______ PR(e)
(formerly included populations on other Caribbean islands of Barbuda and Saint
Lucia, each now considered separate species)
Dendroica adelaidae
- Saint Lucia Warbler (LAe) ______ SL(e)
(formerly conspecific with the Adelaide's Warbler
of Puerto Rico & the
Barbuda Warbler
of the small island of Barbuda)
Dendroica delicata (monotypic)

A Saint Lucia Warbler photographed during a FONT tour
- Pine Warbler ______ DR
Dendroica pinus chrysoleuca (resident
subspecies endemic to Hispaniola)
- Prairie Warbler ______ CY,DR,JM,PR,SL
Dendroica discolor (2 subspecies from
North America winter in the Caribbean: D.
d. discolor &
D. d. paludicola)

Prairie Warbler
(photo by Howard Eskin)
- Vitelline Warbler (nt)
______ CY(qe)
Dendroica v. vitellina (an
endemic subspecies on Grand Cayman Island)
Dendroica vitellina crawfordi (an
endemic subspecies on Little Cayman Island)
- Palm Warbler ______ CY,DR,JM,PR
Dendroica p. palmarum
- Arrow-headed Warbler ______
JM(e)
Dendroica pharetra (monotypic)
- Elfin Woods Warbler (t3) ______ PR(e)
Dendroica angelae (monotypic)
- Plumbeous Warbler (LAe) ______ DM
(this species restricted to the 2 islands of Dominica &
Guadeloupe)
Dendroica plumbea (monotypic)
- Whistling Warbler (t3) (LAe) ______ SV(e)
Catharopeza bishopi (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)

Whistling Warbler
- Ovenbird ______ DR,JM,PR
Seiurus aurocapillus
(2 subspecies occur in
the Caribbean: S. a. aurocapillus
& S. a. furvior)

Ovenbird
(photo by Marie Gardner)
-
Northern Waterthrush ______ CY,DM,DR,JM,PR,SL
Seiurus noveboracensis (now said to be monotypic)
- Louisiana Waterthrush ______ DR,JM,PR
Seiurus motacilla (monotypic)
- Common Yellowthroat ______ CY,DR,JM,PR
Geothlypis t. trichas

A male Common Yellowthroat
(photo by Kim Steininger)
-
Hooded Warbler ______ PR
Wilsonia citrina (monotypic)
- American Redstart ______ CY,DM,DR,JM,PR
Setophaga ruticilla (monotypic, and the single member of its
genus)
- Green-tailed Ground Tanager
______ DR (HIe) (has been
called Green-tailed Ground Warbler)
Microligea palustris (2
subspecies: M. p. palustris
& M. p. vasta)
(the single ember of its genus)
- Hispaniolan Highland Tanager (t3) ______
DR (HIe) (has
been called White-winged Warbler)
Xenoligea montana
(monotypic,
and the single member of its genus)
- Shiny Cowbird ______ BD,DM,DR,GR,JM,PR,SL,SV
Molothrus bonariensis minimus (this is the subspecies of the West Indies
& the Guianas & adjacent no. Brazil; it's also recently spread into
North America, starting in Florida)
-
Greater Antillean Grackle ______ CY,DR,JM,PR
Quiscalus niger caymanensis (subspecies
endemic to Grand Cayman Island)
Quiscalus niger bangsi (t3) (subspecies
endemic to Little Cayman island)
Quiscalus n. niger (subspecies, the nominate, endemic to
Hispaniola)
Quiscalus niger crassinostris (subspecies
endemic to Jamaica)
Quiscalus niger brachypterus
(subspecies endemic to Puerto Rico)
- Carib Crackle ______ BD,DM,GR,SL,SV
Quiscalus lugubris (8 subspecies, most of them only on Caribbean
islands)
Quiscalus lugubris fortirostris (subspecies in Barbados & Antigua)
Quiscalus lugubris guadeloupensis (subspecies on Dominica & other
northern islands of the Lesser Antilles)
Quiscalus lugubris luminosus (subspecies endemic to Grenada)
Quiscalus lugubris inflexirostris (subspecies endemic to St. Lucia)
Quiscalus lugubris contrusus (subspecies endemic to St. Vincent)

A young male Carib Grackle on the island of Saint Lucia.
A female would have a dark eye.
(photo during the FONT Lesser Antilles Tour in December 2007
by Marie Gardner)
- Puerto Rican Oriole ______ PRe
(has been known as Greater Antillean Oriole;
prior to that called Black-cowled Oriole, when considered conspecific with the
Central American population that's still called Black-cowled Oriole, Icterus
prosthemelas)
Icterus (dominicensis) portoricensis
- Hispaniolan Oriole ______
DR (HIe) (has been known as Greater
Antillean Oriole; prior to that called Black-cowled Oriole,
when considered conspecific with the Central American population that's still called Black-cowled
Oriole, Icterus prosthemelas)
Icterus (d.) dominicensis
- Jamaican Oriole ______ JM(qe)
Icterus l. leucopteryx
(subspecies endemic to Jamaica; another subspecies now on Isla Andres &
one, now extinct, was on Grand Cayman Is.)
Jamaican Oriole
- Saint Lucia Oriole (nt) (LAe)
______ SL(e)
Icterus laudabilis (monotypic)
- Baltimore Oriole ______ JM,PR
(was called
"Northern Oriole" when it was conspecific with the Bullock's
Oriole)
Icterus galbula (monotypic)
- Venezuelan Troupial (i) ______ PR
(native to northern South America)
Icterus icterus
(monotypic)
- Jamaican Blackbird (nt)
______ JM(e)
Nesopar nigerrimus
(monotypic,
and the single member of its genus)
- Yellow-shouldered Blackbird (t2) ______
PR(e,r)
Agelaius x. xanthomus
(a second PR subspecies on Mona Island)

A rare Yellow-shouldered Blackbird photographed during
a FONT tour in Puerto Rico
- Bananaquit ______ BD,CY,DM,DR,JM,PR,SL,SV(r)
(these the yellow-breasted subspecies)
Coereba flaveola (the single member of its genus)
Coereba flaveola barbadensis (subspecies endemic to Barbados)
Coereba flaveola sharpei (subspecies endemic
to the Caymans)
Coereba flaveola bartholemica (subspecies in Dominica)
Coereba flaveola bananivora (subspecies
endemic to Hispaniola)
Coereba
f. flaveola (subspecies
endemic to Jamaica)
Coereba flaveola portoricensis
(subspecies endemic to Puerto Rico)
Coereba flaveola martinicana (subspecies in St. Lucia & Martinique)
(In all, there are 41
subspecies throughout Latin America & the Caribbean. 24 of those
subspecies are on islands in the Caribbean including some off the coasts of
Mexico & Venezuela, & on Trinidad & Tobago.)

A Bananaquit on the Caribbean island of Saint Lucia
(photographed during the FONT Lesser Antilles Tour in December 2007
by Marie Gardner)
- "Black Bananaquit" ______ GR,SV
(part of Bananaquit)
Coereba flaveola aterrima (subspecies endemic to Grenada)
Coereba flaveola atrata (subspecies endemic to St. Vincent)

The all-black race of the Bananaquit,
on the Caribbean island of Saint Vincent
(photographed during the FONT Lesser Antilles Tour in December 2007
by Marie Gardner)
- Rufous-collared Sparrow ______ DR
Zonotrichia capensis antillarum (this subspecies, endemic to the central
highlands of the Dominican Republic, is the only occurrence in the West
Indies of this species wide-ranging in Central & South America;
there is another subspecies in Caribbean on Curacao & Aruba, oddly at
sea-level)
- Lincoln's Sparrow ______ JM
Melospiza l. lincolnii
-
Saffron Finch (i) ______ JM,PR
(native to southern South America)
Sicalis flaveola
- Yellow-bellied Seedeater ______ GR
(in the Caribbean, only occurs in Grenada, and nearby Carriacou, and
in Trinidad & Tobago)
Sporophila n. nigricollis
- Cuban Bullfinch ______ CY
Melopyrrha nigra taylori (an
endemic subspecies on Grand Cayman Island) (the single member of its genus)
- Yellow-shouldered Grassquit ______ JM(e)
Loxipasser anoxanthus
(monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
- Yellow-faced Grassquit ______ CY,DR,JM,PR
Tiaris o. olivaceus (subspecies on
Hispaniola, Jamaica, Cuba, & the Caymans)
Tiaris olivaceus bryanti (subspecies endemic to Puerto Rico)
-
Black-faced Grassquit ______ BD,DM,DR,GR,JM,PR,SL,SV
Tiaris bicolor marchii (subspecies on
Hispaniola & Jamaica)
Tiaris bicolor omissus (subspecies on
Hispaniola & Jamaica)
Tiaris bicolor omissus (subspecies on
Puerto Rico & in the Lesser Antilles)

A singing Black-faced Grassquit in an old cemetery
in Kingstown, Saint Vincent
(photo by Marie Gardner during the Dec 2007 FONT Lesser Antilles Tour)
- Blue-black Grassquit ______
GR (in the Caribbean, only occurs in Grenada and in Trinidad &
Tobago)
Volatinia jacarina splendens
- Puerto Rican Bullfinch ______ PR(e)
Loxigilla p. portoricensis (another subspecies on St Kitts Is. now extirpated)
-
Lesser Antillean Bullfinch (LAqe) ______ DM,PR(r),SL,SV
Loxigilla noctis dominicana (subspecies in Dominica & Guadeloupe)
Loxigilla noctis sclateri (an endemic subspecies in St. Lucia)
Loxigilla noctis crissalis (an endemic subspecies in St. Vincent)

A Lesser Antillean Bullfinch on the island of Saint
Lucia
during the FONT tour in December 2007
(photo by Marie Gardner)
- Barbados Bullfinch _____ BD
(has been part of the Lesser
Antillean Bullfinch)
Loxigilla barbadensis
- Greater Antillean Bullfinch
______ DR,JM
Loxigilla violacea affinis
(subspecies endemic to Hispaniola & nearby small offshore islands)
Loxigilla violacea ruficollis
(subspecies endemic to Jamaica)
- Orangequit ______ JM(e)
Euneornis campestris (monotypic,
and the single member of its genus)
- Saint Lucia Black Finch (nt) (LAe)
______ SL(e)
Melanospiza richardsoni (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
- Western Spindalis ______ CY
(formerly (Western) Stripe-headed Tanager)
Spindalis zena salvini (an
endemic subspecies on Grand Cayman Island)
(Other subspecies occur in the Bahamas, Cuba, and Cozumel Is. Mexico;
in all, there are 5 subspecies.)
- Hispaniolan
Spindalis ______ DR (HIe) (formerly
(Hispaniolan) Stripe-headed Tanager)
Spindalis dominicensis (monotypic)
- Jamaican Spindalis ______ JM(e)
(formerly (Jamaican) Stripe-headed Tanager)
Spindalis nigricphala (monotypic)

Jamaican Spindalis
- Puerto Rican Spindalis ______ PR(e)
(formerly (Puerto Rican) Stripe-headed Tanager)
Spindalis portoricensis (monotypic)

Puerto Rican Spindalis
-
Puerto Rican Tanager ______ PR(e)
Nesospingus speculiferus (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
- Black-crowned Tanager ______
DR (HIe) (has been called Black-crowned Palm-Tanager)
Phaenicophilus palmarum (monotypic)
- Gray-crowned Tanager (nt) ______
DR (HIe) (has been called Gray-crowned
Palm-Tanager)
Phaenicophilus p. poliocephalus (1 of 2 Hispaniolan subspecies; the
other on the small offshore Gonave Island; this species mostly in Haiti, rare
in mountains of adjacent Dominican Republic)
- Western Chat-Tanager (t3)
______ DR (HIe)
Calyptophilus tertius (the
Eastern Chat-Tanager
is Calyptophilus frugivorus)
- Lesser Antillean Tanager (LAe)
______ SV (this species restricted to 2 islands, St. Vincent &
Grenada)
Tangara cucullata versicolor (an endemic subspecies in St. Vincent)
- Summer Tanager ______ JM
Piranga r. rubra
- Lesser Antillean Saltator (LAe) ______
DM,SL (formerly conspecific with the
Streaked Saltator
of mostly South America)
Saltator albicollis guadelupenis (subspecies in Dominica &
Guadeloupe)
Saltator a. albicollis (subspecies in St. Lucia & Martinique)
- Blue Grosbeak ______ DR
Passerina caerulea
- Indigo Bunting ______ DM(r),DR,PR
Passerina cyanea
(monotypic)
Notes:
The tour in February '90 included a trip (by air) to uninhabited Mona Island,
off the west coast of Puerto Rico, about mid-way between Puerto Rico and the
Dominican Republic. Birds found only there noted by an (mi).
A few tours included a trip by ferry to Culebra Island, off
northeastern Puerto Rico, about mid-way between Puerto Rico and the Virgin
Islands.
During our Feb 6-11, '96 tour, we conducted our first Caribbean pelagic trip
off the west coast of Puerto Rico. A Black-capped Petrel was seen. (Only 3
records in Raffaele's book: "Birds of Puerto Rico".) Also whales and
dolphins. During the pelagic trip with our Feb 15-19 tour, about 300 boobies.
Over 200 of them, Red-footed (both brown & white morphs). Also a 60-foot
Whale Shark by the boat. This 4-day tour, one day shorter than our norm. With
the pelagic trip during the March '96 tour, 6 species of terns were seen.
Inexplicably, a male Baikal Teal was in a large flock of Blue-winged
Teal on Feb 24, 2001 on a pond on Little Cayman Islandm a small, remote
place with few people. The behavior of the Baikal Teal was the same as that of
the Blue-winged Teal (as a wary, wild bird). The Feb 2001 Baikal Teal was
not banded. It was photographed. As far as we know, there was no previous
record of this species in the West Indies. The species in Asia has been known to
wander on occasion to the south beyond its normal range. It has occurred in
North America, particularly Alaska, casually. The Feb 2001 Little Cayman bird
may have joined with Blue-winged Teal in western North America and migrated
south with them. Also it should be noted that Baikal Teals have occurred in
North America as escapes.
12 of the very rare Puerto Rican Parrots were seen during FONT
Puerto Rican tour #12, in March 1996. Subsequently, the species has become more
difficult to see in the wild. 3 were seen during tour #18, in March 1998. The
species was seen again during tour #22, in March 2000. One wild bird was seen
during tour #26, in March 2004.
The Dunlin has probably been observed only rarely in the Dominican
Republic. The book "A Guide to the Birds of the West Indies" indicates
no sightings, although it notes some records to the west in Cuba and to the east
in Puerto Rico. 2 birds were seen during the FONT tour on December 28, 1998 at
Salinas, along the southern DR coast, west of Santo Domingo.
Jamaican (formerly Olive-throated) Conures/Parakeets
were first found during our FONT tours in the Dominican Republic in July
1995, with a substantial number (15-20) in a wild, remote area in the western
part of the country, at mid-elevation in the Baoruco Mountains. Also during that
tour, 1 was found in a flock of Hispaniolan Conures/Parakeets in the city
of Santo Domingo.
During all FONT tours since 1995 in the Baoruco Mountains, the Jamaican Conure/Parakeet
has been seen.
Although "A Guide to the Birds of Puerto Rico and the Virgin
Islands", by Herbert A. Raffaele, indicates that there are no records for
the Northern Rough-winged Swallow in Puerto Rico, the species was seen there
during our March '98 tour in the eastern part of the island. The fore-mentioned
book does say that it has been noted as a rare migrant in the Virgin Islands.
Plumages of Golden Warblers vary throughout the Lesser Antillean islands. The
males of Domincia & St. Lucia have pale chestnut caps. That of Martinique
has a chestnut head.
Most of the Bananaquits in St. Vincent are all-black, Coereba flaveola
atrata.
Also, however, the yellow-bellied race of nearby St. Lucia, Coereba flaveola
martinicana, has also seen during our tours in St. Vincent, along the eastern
coast of the island.