Costa Rica Birds 
during FONT Birding 
& Nature Tours 

1991 thru 2008

(during the months of January, 
 February, March, April, July, December)

A Costa Rica bird list compiled by Armas Hill
with photos

681 species of birds have cumulatively been found 
during 27 FONT birding & nature tours in Costa Rica..

The number, in the right-most column, indicates the 
number of tours during which the bird has been found 
(out of 27). Not all tours have been to the same areas, so individual tour-lists have varied.

In the following list, the latest taxonomy is incorporated noting subspecies in Costa Rica. 

Codes:

(t): a globally threatened or rare species, designated by Birdlife International
 (t1): critical
 (t2): endangered
 (t3): vulnerable
(nt): a near-threatened species globally

(i): introduced species

(CRe): endemic in Costa Rica
(CRr): rare in Costa Rica 

N: Northern CR Birding Tours  (in February, March, April, July, December-January)
S: Southern CR Birding Tours  (in January, February, March, July)
H: Holiday Birding Tours  (in late-December & early-January)

P: in Panama (adjacent to southern Costa Rica)

 Birds:

1. Great Tinamou ______ N S H 23
   Tinamus major fuscipennis
   
   
2. Highland Tinamou ______ N 3
   Nothocercus bonapartei frantzii
   
   
3. Slaty-breasted Tinamou ______ N 2  (another name has been "Boucard's Tinamou")
   Crypturellus boucardi costaricensis
   
   
4. Little Tinamou ______ N S H 12
   Crypturellus soui modestus
   
   
5. Thicket Tinamou ______ N H 5  (another name has been "Rufescent Tinamou")
   Crypturellus cinnamomeus praepes
   
   
6. Gray-headed Chachalaca ______ N S H 15
   Ortalis cinereiceps  (monotypic)
   
   
7. Crested Guan ______ N S H 16
   Penelope purpurascens aequatorialis
   
   
8. Black Guan (nt) ______ N S H 11  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
   Chamaepetes unicolor  (monotypic)
   
   
9. Great Curassow (nt) ______ N S 7
   Crax r. rubra
   
   
10. Buffy-crowned Wood Partridge ______ N 1  (another name has been Buff-fronted Wood Partridge)
    Dendrotyx leucophrys hypospodius
    
    
11. Spot-bellied Bobwhite ______ N H 13  (was conspecific with Crested Bobwhite, Colinus cristatus, of northern South America & southern Central America)
    Colinus leucopogon dickeyi 
    
    
12. Spotted Wood Quail ______ S 3
    Odontophorus guttatus
    
    
13. Marbled Wood Quail ______ S 6
    Odontophorus gujanensis
    
    
14. Black-eared Wood Quail ______ N 3  (was conspecific with the Rufous-fronted Wood-Quail of South America)
    Odontophorus m. melanotis  
    
    
15. Black-breasted Wood Quail (nt) ______ N 3  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
    Odontophorus leucolaemus  (monotypic)
    
    
16. Black-bellied Whistling Duck ______ N S H 15
    Dendrocygna a. autumnalis
    
    
17. Fulvous Whistling Duck ______ N 2
    Dendrocygna bicolor  (monotypic)
    
    
18. Muscovy Duck ______ N H 13
    Cairina moschata  (monotypic, and single member of its genus)
    
    
19. Blue-winged Teal ______ N S H 18
    Anas discors  (monotypic)
    
    
20. Ring-necked Duck ______ S 1
    Aythya collaris  (monotypic)
    
    
21. Masked Duck ______ S 5
    Nomoyx dominicus  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus) 
    
    
22. Sooty Shearwater ______ N 1
    Puffinus griseus  (monotypic)
    
    
23. Pied-billed Grebe ______ N H P 8
    Podilymbus p. podiceps
    
    
24. Least Grebe ______ N S H 12
    Tachybaptus (formerly Podiceps) dominicus brachypterus
    
    
25. Wood Stork ______ N S H 18
    Myceteria americana  (monotypic)
    
    
26. Jabiru (CRr) ______ N H 5
    Jabiru mycteria  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
    
    
    A Jabiru photographed during a FONT tour
    
    
27. Green Ibis ______ N H 10
    Mesembrinibis cayennensis  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
28. White Ibis ______ N S H 21
    Eudocimus albus  (monotypic)
    
    
29. Glossy Ibis ______ N H 3
    Plegadis falcinellus  (has been called monotypic)
    
    
30. Roseate Spoonbill ______ N H 18
    Platalea (formerly Ajaia)  ajaja  (monotypic)
    
    
31. Cattle Egret ______ N S H P 27
    Bublcus i. ibis
    
    
32. Green Heron ______ N S H 27  (was at one time considered conspecific with the nearly cosmopolitan Striated Heron, and was then called Green-backed Heron)  
    Butorides v. virescens
    
    
33. Little Blue Heron ______ N S H 27
    Egretta caerulea  (monotypic)
    
    
34. Tricolored Heron ______ N S H 21  (a former name was Louisiana Heron)
    Egretta tricolor ruficollis
    
    
35. Reddish Egret ______ N H 1
    Egretta r. rufescens
    
    
36. Snowy Egret ______ N S H 26
    Egretta t. thula
    
    
37. Great Egret ______ N S H P 27
    Ardea (formerly Casmerodius or Egretta) alba egretta
    
    
38. Great Blue Heron ______ N S H 22
    Ardea h. herodias
    
    
39. Agami Heron (nt) (CRr) ______ N 3  (another name has been Chestnut-bellied Heron)
    Agamia agami  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
40. Rufescent Tiger Heron ______ N H 1
    Tigrisoma l. lineatum
    
    
41. Fasciated Tiger Heron (nt) ______ N 3
    Tigrisoma fasiatum salmoni
    
    
42. Bare-throated Tiger-Heron ______ N S H 16
    Tigrisoma mexicanum  (monotypic)
    
    
43. Black-crowned Night-Heron ______ N S H 12
    Nycticorax nycticorax hoactli
    
    
44. Yellow-crowned Night-Heron ______ N H 14
    Nyctanassa v. violacea  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
45. Boat-billed Heron ______ N S H 18
    Cochlearius cochlearius  (the single member of its genus)  (2 subspecies in Costa Rica) 
    Cochlearius cochlearius phillipsi  (north CR)
    Cochlearius cochlearius panamensis  (south CR)
    
    
46. Magnificent Frigatebird ______ N S H 25
    Fregata magnificens  (now said to be monotypic)
    
    
47. Brown Pelican ______ N S H 25
    Pelecanus occidentalis carolinensis
    
    
48. Brown Booby ______ N S 6
    Sula l. leucogaster
    
    
49. Neotropic Cormorant ______ N S H 23  (was called Olivaceous Cormorant)
    Phalacrocorax brasilianus  (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Phalacrocorax brasilianus mexicanus  (north CR)
    Phalacrocorax b. brasilianus  (south CR) 
    
    
50. Anhinga ______ N H 14
    Anhinga anhinga leucogaster
    
    
51. Turkey Vulture ______ N S H P 27
    Cathartes a. aura  (another subspecies, C. a. meridionalis, from central North America, migrates thru Costa Rica, sometimes in large flocks)
    
    
52. Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture ______ N 2
    Cathartes burrovianus  (monotypic)
    
    
53. Black Vulture ______ N S H P 27
    Coragyps atratus  (now said to be monotypic) (the only member of its genus)
    
    
54. King Vulture ______ N S H 20
    Sarcoramphus papa  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
55. Northern Crested Caracara ______ N S H 22
    Caracara cheriway  (monotypic)
    
    
56. Yellow-headed Caracara ______ N S 13
    Milvago chimachima cordata
    
    
57. Laughing Falcon ______ N S H 24
    Herpetotheres c. cachinnans  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
58. Barred Forest Falcon ______ N H 4
    Micrastur ruficollis interstes
    
    
59. Collared Forest Falcon ______ N H 10
    Micrastur semitorquatus naso
    
    
60. American Kestrel ______ N S H 13
    Falco s. sparverius  (subspecies from further north in North America that winters in Costa Rica)  
    
    
61. Merlin ______ S 1
    Falco c. columbarius
    
    
62. Bat Falcon ______ N S H 17
    Falco rufigularis petoensis
    
    
63. Aplomado Falcon (CRr) ______ N H 1  (known only from a very few reports during recent decades, all in the Palo Verde area of northwest Costa Rica - that's where we saw ours)  
    Falco f. femoralis
    
    
64. Peregrine Falcon ______ N S H 12
    Falco peregrinus anatum (subspecies from further north in North America that winters in Costa Rica)
    
    
65. Osprey ______ N S H 22
    Pandion haliaetus carolinensis  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
66. Gray-headed Kite ______ N S H 8  (another name has been "Cayenne Kite")
    Leptodon c. cayanensis  
    
    
67. Hook-billed Kite ______ N H 2
    Chondrohierax u. uncinatus  
    
    
68. Swallow-tailed Kite ______ N S 20
    Elanoides forficatus  (the single member of its genus) (2 subspecies in Costa Rica, E. f. forficatus, & E. f. yetapa)  
    
    
69. Pearl Kite ______ S 2  (first reported in Costa Rica in the mid-1990's; has since occurred along the entire Pacific slope) 
    Gampsonyx swainsonii leonae
    
    
70. White-tailed Kite ______ N S H 27
    Elanus leucurus majusculus
    
    
71. Double-toothed Kite ______ N S H 11
    Harpagus bidentatus fasciatus
    
    
72. Plumbeous Kite ______ N 8
    Ictinia plumbea  (monotypic)
    
    
73. Snail Kite ______ N H 4
    Rostrhamus s. sociabilis
    
    

74. Crane Hawk ______ N S H 5
    Geranospiza caerulesens nigra  (the single member of its genus)
    
    

75. Northern Harrier ______ S 1  (in Eurasia this species called Hen Harrier)
    Circus cyaneus hudsonius
    
    
76. Sharp-shinned Hawk ______ N S H 10
    Accipiter striatus velox  (subspecies from further north in North America that winters in Costa Rica) 
      
    
77. Bicolored Hawk ______ N S H 5
    Accipiter b. bicolor
    
    
78. Barred Hawk ______ N 9  (other names have been "Black-chested Hawk" & "Prince Hawk")
    Leucopternis princeps  (monotypic)
    
    
79. Semiplumbeous Hawk (nt) ______ N H 5
    Leucopternis semiplumbeus  (monotypic)
    
    
80. White Hawk ______ N S H 14
    Leucopternis albicollis costaricensis
    
    
    
    
    A White Hawk photographed in Costa Rica
    (photo by Alan Brady)
    
    
81. Common Black Hawk ______ N S H 16
    Buteogallus a. anthracinus 
    Buteogallus anthracinus bangsi  ("Mangrove Black Hawk") 
    
    
82. Great Black Hawk ______ N S 10
    Buteogallus urubitinga ridgwayi
    
    
83. Savanna Hawk (CRr) ______ S 1
    Buteogallus meridionalis  (monotypic)
    
    
    
    
    A Savanna Hawk photographed during a FONT tour.
    In Costa Rica, the species occurs only sparingly 
    in the far-southern part of the country. 
    
    
84. Montane Solitary Eagle (nt) ______ N S 2
    Harpyhaliaetus solitarius sheffleri
    
    
85. Black-collared Hawk ______ N 2
    Busarellus n. nigricollis  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
86. Bay-winged Hawk ______ N H 5  (in North America called Harris's Hawk)
    Parabuteo unicinctus harrisis  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
87. Gray-lined Hawk ______ N H S 21 (includes the more-northerly Gray Hawk)
    Buteo nitida plagiata  (northern CR)
    Buteo nitida costaricensis  (southern CR)  
    
    
88. Roadside Hawk ______ N S H 26
    Buteo magnirostris  (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Buteo magnirostris griseocauda  (most of CR)
    Buteo magnirostris petulans  (southwest CR)
    
    
89. Broad-winged Hawk ______ N S H 22
    Buteo p. platypterus  (migrant that breeds further north in North America) 
    
    
90. Swainson's Hawk ______ N S H 9
    Buteo swainsoni  (monotypic)  (migrant that breeds further north in North America, some occasionally winter in Costa Rica)
    
    
91. Short-tailed Hawk ______ N S H P 7
    Buteo brachyurus fuliginosus
    
    
92. White-tailed Hawk ______ N S H 7
    Buteo albicaudatus hypospodius
    
    
93. Zone-tailed Hawk ______ N S H 6
    Buteo albonotatus  (monotypic)
    
    
94. Red-tailed Hawk ______ N S H 17
    Buteo jamaicensis costaricensis
    
    
95. Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle (nt) ______ N 2
    Spizastur melanoleucus  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
96. Black Hawk-Eagle ______ N S 5  (another name has been Tyrant Hawk-Eagle)
    Spizaetus tyrannus serus
    
    
97. Uniform Crake ______ N S 2
    Amaurolimnas concolor
    
    
98. Gray-necked Wood-Rail ______ N S H 17
    Aramides cajanea  (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Aramides c. cajanea  (most of CR)
    Aramides cajanea plumbeicollis  (northeast CR)
    
    
99. Rufous-necked Wood-Rail ______ N H 2
    Aramides axillaris  (monotypic)
    
    
100. White-throated Crake ______ N S H 21
     Laterallus albigularis  (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
     Laterallus albigularis cinereiceps  (most of CR)
     Laterallus a. albigularis  (southwest CR)
     
     
101. Gray-breasted Crake ______ N 1
     Laterallus exilis  (monotypic)
     
     
102. Black Rail (nt) ______ N 1  (would be more properly called Black Crake)
     Laterallus j. jamaicensis
     
     
103. Common Moorhen ______ N S H 11  (has been called Common Gallinule)
     Gallinula chloropus cachinnans
     
     
104. Purple Gallinule ______ N S H 21 
     Porphyrio (formerly Porphyrula) martinica  (monotypic)
     
     
105. Sungrebe ______ N H 12  (an alternate name could be "American Finfoot")
     Heliornis fulica  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
     
     
106. Sunbittern ______ N S 4
     Eurypyga helias major  (a single member of its genus & family) 
     
     
107. Limpkin ______ N H 12
     Aramus guarauna dolosus (the single member of its genus & family)
     
     
     
     
     A Limpkin photographed during a FONT tour
     
     
108. Northern Jacana ______ N S H 26
     Jacana s. spinosa
     
     
109. Gray Plover ______ N H 15  (has been called Black-bellied Plover)
     Pluvialis squatarola cynosurae
     
     
110. Semipalmated Plover ______ N S H 19
     Charadrius semipalmatus  (monotypic)
     
     
111. Wilson's Plover ______ N S H 11
     Charadrius wilsonia beldingi
     
     
112. Killdeer ______ N H 3
     Charadrius v. vociferus
     
     
113. Collared Plover ______ N 6
     Charadrius collaris  (monotypic)
     
     
114. Southern Lapwing  (CRr) ______  S 1  (first recorded in Costa Rica in 1997; has since occurred in lowlands of both Caribbean & Pacific slopes)
     Venellus chilensis cayennensis
     
     
115. Marbled Godwit ______ N H 2
     Limosa f. fedoa
     
     
116. Whimbrel ______ N S H 21
     Numenius phaeopus hudsonicus
     
     
117. Greater Yellowlegs ______ N H 11
     Tringa melanoleuca  (monotypic)
     
     
118. Lesser Yellowlegs ______ N S H 14
     Tringa flavipes  (monotypic)
     
     
119. Solitary Sandpiper ______ N S H 18
     Tringa solitaria  (2 subspecies in Costa Rica, T. s. solitaria & T. s. cinnamomea)
     
     
120. "Western" Willet ______ N S H 20
     Tringa (formerly Catoptrophorus) semipalmatus inornatus  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
121. Spotted Sandpiper ______ N S H 26
     Actitis macularia  (monotypic)
     
     
122. Ruddy Turnstone ______ N S H 18
     Arenaria i. interpres
     
     
123. Short-billed Dowitcher ______ N H 12
     Limnodromus griseus
     
     
124. Red Knot ______ N 1
     Calidris canutus rufa
     
     
125. Sanderling ______ N H 2
     Calidris alba rubida
     
     
126. Semipalmated Sandpiper ______ N S H 9
     Calidris pusilla  (monotypic)
     
     
127. Western Sandpiper ______ N H 12
     Calidris mauri  (monotypic)
     
     
128. Least Sandpiper ______ N S H 12
     Calidris minutilla  (monotypic)
     
     
129. Pectoral Sandpiper ______ N 1
     Calidris melanotos  (monotypic)
     
     
130. Stilt Sandpiper ______ N 3
     Calidris (formerly Micropalama) himantopus
     
     
131. Black-necked Stilt ______ N H 15  (was said by some to be conspecific with the Black-winged Stilt, Himantopus himantopus, of the Old World)
     Himantopus mexicanus
     
     
132. Double-striped Thick-knee ______ N H 16
     Burbinus b. bistriatus
     
     
133. Parasitic Jaeger ______ N 1
     Stercorarius parasiticus  (monotypic)
     
     
134. Laughing Gull ______ N S H 24
     Larus atricilla megalopterus
     
     
135. Franklin's Gull ______ N H 1
     Larus pipixcan  (monotypic)
     
     
136. Ring-billed Gull ______ N 1
     Larus delawarensis  (monotypic)
     
     
137. "American" Herring Gull ______ N 1
     Larus argentatus smithsonianus
     
     
138. Gull-billed Tern ______ N H 3
     Gelochelidon (formerly Sterna) nilotica vanrossemi  (occurs on the Pacific side of Costa Rica) 
     
     
139. Caspian Tern ______ N 5
     Hydroprogne (formerly Sterna) caspia  (monotypic)
     
     
140. Royal Tern ______ N S H 21
     Thalasseus (formerly Sterna) m. maxima
     
     
141. Sandwich Tern ______ N S H 13
     Thalasseus (formerly Sterna) sandvicensis acuflavida
     
     
142. Elegant Tern (nt) ______ N 2
     Thalasseus (formerly Sterna) elegans  (monotypic)
     
     
143. Forster's Tern ______ N 2
     Sterna forsteri  (monotypic)
     
     
144. Least Tern ______ N 1
     Sternula (formerly Sterna) antillarum browni
     
     
145. Brown Noddy ______ N 1
     Anous stolidus ridgwayi  
     
     
146. Black Skimmer ______ N 1
     Rynchops n. niger
     
     
147. Common (or Feral) Pigeon (i) ______ N S H P 27
     Columba livia
     
     
148. Scaled Pigeon ______ N S 7
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) speciosa
     
     
149. Band-tailed Pigeon ______ N S H 18
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) fasciata crissalis
     
     
150. Pale-vented Pigeon ______ N S H 21
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) cayennensis pallidicrissa
     
     
151. Red-billed Pigeon ______ N S H 24
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) flavirostris
     
     
152. Ruddy Pigeon ______ N S 9
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba)subvinacea minima
     
     
153. Short-billed Pigeon ______ N S H 25
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) nigrirostris  (monotypic)
     
     
154. Mourning Dove ______ N S H 12
     Zenaida macroura turturilla
     
     
155. White-winged Dove ______ N H 20
     Zenaida asiatica australis
     
     
156. Common Ground Dove ______ N S H 18
     Columbina passerina neglecta
     
     
157. Plain-breasted Ground Dove ______ N S 5
     Columbina minuta elaeodes
     
     
158. Ruddy Ground Dove ______ N S H 26
     Columbina taipacoti rufipennis
     
     
159. Blue Ground Dove ______ N S H 10
     Claravis pretiosa  (monotypic)
     
     
160. Inca Dove ______ N S H 22
     Columbina (formerly Scardafella) inca  (monotypic)
     
     
161. White-tipped Dove ______ N S H 26  (a former name was White-fronted Dove)
     Leptotila v, verreauxi
     
     
162. Gray-headed Dove ______ S 2  (was said by some to be conspecific with the Gray-fronted Dove, Leptotila rufaxilla of South America)
     Leptotila p. plumbeiceps
     
     
163. Gray-chested Dove ______ N S H 12
     Leptotila cassinii cerviniventris
     
     
164. Purplish-backed Quail-Dove ______ N H 2
     Geotrygon lawrencii  (monotypic)
     
     
165. Buff-fronted Quail-Dove ______ S 2  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
     Geotrygon costaricensis  (monotypic)
     
     
166. Chiriqui Quail-Dove ______ S 2  (has also been called Rufous-breasted Quail-Dove; range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
     Geotrygon chiriquensis  (monotypic)
     
     
167. Ruddy Quail-Dove ______ N S 6
     Geotrygon m. montana
             
     
168. Great Green Macaw (t3) ______ N H 6  (closely related to the Military Macaw of Mexico & northern South America, and by some has been considered conspecific)
     Ara a. ambigua  (the other subspecies is an isolated population in western Ecuador)
     
     
     
     
     Great Green Macaw
     
     
169. Scarlet Macaw ______ N S H 14
     Ara macao  (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
     Ara macao cyanopterus  (northern subspecies, s. to Nicaragua, extending into northeast CR)
     Ara m. macao  (most populations in CR)  
     
     
     
     
     Scarlet Macaw
     
     
170. Finch's Parakeet (or Conure) ______ N S H 20  (has also been called Crimson-fronted Parakeet, or Conure) (total range only from southeastern Nicaragua to western Panama)
     Aratinga finschi  (monotypic)
     
     
171. Aztec Parakeet (or Conure) ______ N H 15  (was considered by some as part of Olive-throated Parakeet/Conure when it included Jamaican population)
     Aratinga a. astec  
     
     
172. Orange-fronted Parakeet (or Conure) ______ N S H 18
     Aratinga c. canicularis
     
     
173. Brown-throated Parakeet (or Conure) ______ S 1  (a recent arrival in Costa Rica from Panama; now fairly common in southern Pacific lowlands)
     Aratinga pertinax
     
      
174. Sulphur-winged Parakeet ______ S 7  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
     Pyrrhura h. hoffmanni
     
     
175. Barred Parakeet ______ N S 4
     Bolborhynchus l. lineola
     
     
176. Orange-chinned Parakeet ______ N S H 27  (another name has been "Tovi Parakeet")
     Brotogeris j. jugularis
     
     
177. Red-fronted Parrotlet (t3) ______ S 1  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama; was at one time considered a race of the Blue-fronted Parrotlet of eastern Panama & northern South America)
     Touit costaricensis  (monotypic)
     
     
178. Brown-hooded Parrot ______ N S H 18
     Pionopsitta h. haematotis
     
     
179. Blue-headed Parrot ______ N S 10
     Pionus menstuus rubigularis
     
     
180. White-crowned Parrot ______ N S H 26
     Pionus senilis  (monotypic)
     
     
181. White-fronted Amazon (or Parrot) ______ N H 16
     Amazona albifrons nana
     
     
182. Red-lored Amazon (or Parrot) ______ N S H 22
     Amazona autumnalis salvini
     
     
183. Yellow-naped Amazon (or Parrot) (t2) ______ N H 13
     Amazona a. auropalliata 
     
     
184. Mealy Amazon (or Parrot)  ______ N S H 24
     Amazona farinosa virenticeps
     
     
185. Black-billed Cuckoo ______ S 1
     Coccyzus erythropthalmus  (monotypic)
     
     
186. Yellow-billed Cuckoo ______ N 1
     Coccyzus americanus  (now monotypic)
     
     
187. Mangrove Cuckoo ______ N S H 7
     Coccyzus minor  (now monotypic)
     
     
188. Squirrel Cuckoo ______ N S H 25
     Piaya cayana thermophila
     
     
189. Groove-billed Ani ______ N S H 22
     Crotophaga sulciroxtris  (now monotypic, as a "second form" in Mexico now extinct)
     
     
190. Smooth-billed Ani ______ S 10
     Crotophaga ani  (monotypic)
     
     
191. Striped Cuckoo ______ N S H 14
     Tapera naevia excellens
     
     
192. Lesser Ground-Cuckoo ______ N H 12
     Morococcyx e. erythropygus
     
     
193. Barn Owl ______ N S H 11
     Tyto alba guatemalae
     
     
194. Vermiculated Screech Owl ______ N H 10  (has been considered a part of the "Guatemalan Screech Owl" of northern Central America, or even a more-expanded "Variable Screech Owl" of Central America & South America)
     Megascops (formerly Otus) vermiculatus  (monotypic)
     
     
195. Bare-shanked Screech Owl ______ N S H 10  (total range from Costa Rica to northwestern Colombia)
     Megascops (formerly Otus) clarkii  (monotypic)
     
     
196. Tropical Screech Owl ______ N 2
     Megascops (formerly Otus) choliba luctisonus
     
     
197. Pacific Screech Owl ______ N H 16  (was said to be part of Western Screech-Owl of North America)
     Megascops (formerly Otus) c. cooperi
     
     
198. Crested Owl ______ N H 3
     Lophostrix cristata stricklandi  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
199. Great Horned Owl  (r/CR) ______ N 3
     Bubo virginianus mesembrinus
     
     
200. Spectacled Owl ______ N S H 11
     Pulsatrix perspicillata saturata
     
     
201. Central American Pygmy Owl ______ N 5  (was part of the former Least Pygmy Owl; another split from that is current East Brazilian Pygmy Owl of eastern Brazil in South America) (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
     Glaucidium griseiceps rarum
     
     
202. Costa Rican Pygmy Owl ______ N S H 6  (was considered part of the Andean Pygmy-Owl of South America)
     Glaucidium costaricanum  (monotypic)
     
     
203. "Ridgway's" Ferruginous Pygmy Owl ______ N H 10  
     Glaucidium brasilianum ridgwayi
     
     
     
     
     Ferruginous Pygmy Owl
     (photo by Alan Brady)
     
     
204. Mottled Owl ______ N S H 6
     Strix virgata centralis
     
     
205. Black-and-white Owl ______ N H 5
     Strix (formerly Ciccaba) nigrolineata
     
     
206. Striped Owl ______ N S 3
     Pseudoscops (formerly Asio) clamator forbesi
     
     
207. Great Potoo ______ N H 8
     Nyctibius g. grandis
     
     
208. Common Potoo  ______ N S 2
     Nyctibius griseus panamensis
     
     
209. Short-tailed Nighthawk ______ N S 7  (another name has been Semicollared Nighthawk)
     Lurocalis semitorquatus noctivagus
     
     
210. Common Nighthawk ______ S 1
     Chordeiles minor panamensis  (other subspecies occur in Costa Rica as migrants)
     
     
211. Lesser Nighthawk ______ N S H 16
     Chordeiles acutipennis littoralis  (other subspecies occur in Costa Rica as migrants)
     
     
212. Pauraque ______ N S H 27
     Nyctidromus albicollis intercedens  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
213. Dusky Nightjar ______ S 1  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
     Caprimulgus saturatus  (monotypic)
     
     
214. White-tailed Nightjar ______ S 2
     Caprimulgus cayennensis albicauda
     
     
215. American Black Swift ______ N S 4
     Cypseloides niger costaricensis
     
     
216. White-chinned Swift ______ N S 3
     Cypseloides cryptus  (monotypic)
     
     
217. Chestnut-collared Swift ______ N S 5
     Streptoprocne (formerly Cypseloides) rutilus  (monotypic)
     
     
218. White-collared Swift ______ N S H 26
     Streptoprocne zonaris bouchelli
     
     
219. Gray-rumped Swift ______ N H 10
     Chaetura cinereiventris phaeopygos
     
     
220. Costa Rican Swift ______ S 9 (has been considered conspecific with more-southerly Band-rumped Swift, Chaetura spinicaudus; the range of the Costa Rican Swift is southern Costa Rica & adjacent Chiriqui province in Panama) 
     Chaetura fumosa  (monotypic)
     
     
221. "Dusky-backed" Vaux's Swift ______ N S H 21
     Chaetura vauxi richmondi
     
     
222. Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift ______ N S H 13
     Panyptila c. cayennensis
     
     
223. Band-tailed Barbthroat ______ N S 8
     Threnetes ruckeri ventosus
     
     
224. Bronzy Hermit ______ N S 7
     Glaucis aenea  (monotypic)
     
     
225. Green Hermit ______ N S H 15
     Phaethornis guy coruscus
     
     
226. Long-billed Hermit ______ N S H 17  (was, at one time, part of the Long-tailed Hermit, a species now restricted to South America)
     Phaethornis longirostris cephalus
     
     
227. Stripe-throated Hermit ______ N S H 21  (formerly conspecific with Little Hermit of northeast South America, another name has been "Boucard's Hermit", Phaethornis adolphi)
     Phaethornis striigularis saturatus (genus formerly said to be Pygmornis)
     
     
     
     
     A Stripe-throated Hermit at its nest on a large blade of grass
     (photographed in Costa Rica by Alan Brady)
       
     
228. White-tipped Sicklebill ______ S 2
     Eutoxeres aquila salvini
     
     
     
     
     White-tipped Sicklebill
     
     
229. Green-fronted Lancebill ______ N H 3
     Doryfera ludovicae veraguensis
     
     
230. Scaly-breasted Hummingbird ______ N S 8  (another name has been "Cuvier's Hummingbird")
     Campylopterus (has been Phaeochroa) cuvierii  (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
     Campylopterus cuvierii roberti  (east CR)
     Campylopterus cuvierii maculicauda  (west CR)
     
     
231. Violet Sabrewing ______ N S H 19
     Campylopterus hemileucurus mellitus
     
     
232. White-necked Jacobin ______ N S H 13
     Florisuga m. mellivora
     
     
233. Brown Violetear ______ N S H 8
     Colibri delphinae  (now monotypic)
     
     
234. Green Violetear ______ N S H 18  
     Colibri thalassinus cabanidis
     
     
     
     
     A Green Violetear photographed during a FONT Costa Rica tour
     (photo by Rosemary Lloyd)
     
     
235. Green-breasted Mango ______ N S H 14  (another name has been "Prevost's Mango")
     Anthracothorax prevostii gracilirostris
     
     
236. Violet-headed Hummingbird ______ N S H 11
     Klais guimeti merrittii  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
237. Black-crested Coquette ______ N 1
     Lophornis helenae  (monotypic)
     
     
238. White-crested Coquette ______ S 2  (another name has been "Adorable Coquette") (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
     Lophornis adorabilis
     
     
239. Green Thorntail ______ N S H 10
     Discosura (formerly Popelairia) conversii  (monotypic)
     
     
240. Salvin's Emerald ______ N S H 10  (this, and the more-northerly Canivet's Hummingbird and the more-southerly Garden Emerald have split from what was the Fork-tailed Emerald)
     Chlorostilbon salvini
     
     
241. Garden Emerald ______ S 4  (this, and the Canivet's & the Salvin's Emeralds have been split from what was the Fork-tailed Emerald) (total range limited to Costa Rica & Panama)
     Chlorostilbon assimilis  (monotypic)
     
     
242. Violet-crowned Woodnymph ______ N S H 19
     Thalurania colombica venusta
     
     
243. Fiery-throated Hummingbird ______ S 13  (total range restricted to Costa Rica & western Panama)
     Panterpe i. insignis  (1 of 2 subspecies in Costa Rica) (the single member of its genus)
     
     
244. Blue-throated Sapphire ______ N S H 10  (has also been called Blue-throated Goldentail)
     Hylocharis e. eliciae
     
     
245. Charming Hummingbird ______ S 7  (another name has been Beryl-crowned Hummingbird; formerly considered conspecific with the Blue-chested Hummingbird) (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
     Amazilia decora
     
     
246. Blue-chested Hummingbird ______ N 1
     Amazilia amabilis  (monotypic) 
     
     
247. Snowy-bellied Hummingbird ______ S P 6  (total range is Costa Rica & Panama)
     Amazilia edward niveoventer
     
     
248. Mangrove Hummingbird (t2) (CRe) ______ N S H 4  (total range limited to the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, where it occurs only in mangroves) 
     Amazilia boucardi  (monotypic)
     
     
249. Steely-vented Hummingbird ______ N H 15
     Amazilia saucerrottei hoffmanni
     
     
250. Cinnamon Hummingbird ______ N S H 18
     Amazilia rutila corallirostris
     
     
251. Rufous-tailed Hummingbird ______ N S H 26
     Amazilia t. tzacatl
     
     
     
     
     Rufous-tailed Hummingbird
     
     
252. Stripe-tailed Hummingbird ______ N S H 5
     Eupherusa eximia
     
     
253. Black-bellied Hummingbird ______ N S H 7  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
     Eupherusa nigriventris
     
     
254. Snowcap ______ N 2  (total range from southern Honduras to western Panama)
     Microchera albocoronata parvirostris  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
255. White-tailed Emerald ______ S 3  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
     Elvira chionura
     
     
256. Coppery-headed Emerald (CRe) ______ N S H 13  (total range limited to Costa Rica) 
     Elvira cupreiceps
     
     
     
     
     Coppery-headed Emerald
     This hummingbird is one of just a few birds endemic to Costa Rica.
        
     
257. Bronze-tailed Plumeleteer ______ N H 5  (was previously called Red-footed Plumeleteer)
     Chalybura urochrysia melanorrhoa
     
     
258. White-bellied Mountaingem ______ N 6  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
     Lampornis hemileucus  (monotypic)
     
     
259. Gray-tailed Mountaingem (CRe) ______ S 10  (this, and the White-throated and Purple-throated Mountaingems were considered conspecific; when so, the name was Variable Mountaingem)  (total range limited to southern Costa Rica)
     Lampornis cincereicauda 
     
     
260. Purple-throated Mountaingem ______ N S H 17  (was considered conspecific with the Gray-tailed and White-throated Mountaingems, the latter in Panama) (total range limited to Nicaragua & Costa Rica) 
     Lampornis calolaema  (3 subspecies in Costa Rica)
     
     
261. Green-crowned Brilliant ______ N S H 20
     Heliodoxa jacula henryi
     
     
     
     
     A Green-crowned Brilliant in Costa Rica
       
     
262. Magnificent Hummingbird ______ N S H 19  (another species to the north, in northern Central America, Mexico, & the southwest US, has been called the "Rivoli's Hummingbird")
     Eugenes fulgens spectabilis
     
     
263. Purple-crowned Fairy ______ N S H 16
     Heliothryx barroti  (monotypic)
     
     
264. Plain-capped Starthroat ______ N H 12
     Heliomaster c. constantii
     
     
265. Long-billed Starthroat ______ S 2
     Heliomaster l. longirostris
     
     
266. Magenta-throated Woodstar (nt) ______ N S H 13  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
     Calliphlox bryantae  (monotypic)
     
     
267. Ruby-throated Hummingbird ______ N H 9
     Archilochus colubris  (monotypic)
     
     
268. Scintillant Hummingbird ______ N S H 18   (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
     Selasphorus scintilla  (monotypic)
     
     
269. Volcano Hummingbird ______ N S 19  (red-gorgeted form in Costa Rica formerly considered a species: the "Cerise-throated Hummingbird", Selasphorus simoni) (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama) 
     Selasphorus flammula  (3 subspecies in Costa Rica)
     Selasphorus f. flammula  (Irazu & Turrialba volcanoes)
     Selasphorus flammula simoni  (Poas & Barva volcanoes)
     Selasphorus flammula torridus  (Talamanca range)
     
     
     
     
     A male Volcano Hummingbird 
     photographed during a FONT tour
     
     
270. Resplendent Quetzal (nt) ______ N S H 19
     Pharomachrus mocinno costaricensis
     
     
     
     
     Resplendent Quetzal
     
     
271. Slaty-tailed Trogon ______ N S H 21  (another name has been "Massena Trogon")
     Trogon massena hoffmanni
     
     
272. Baird's Trogon (nt) ______ S 8  (closely related to, and has been said by some to be conspecific with the Western White-tailed Trogon of Panama & northern South America; another name has been "Vermilion-breasted Trogon'") (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
     Trogon bairdii  (monotypic)
     
     
273. Black-headed Trogon ______ N H 17  (has been considered conspecific with Citreoline Trogon of Mexico)
     Trogon melanocephalus
     
     
     
     
     Black-headed Trogon
     
     
274. Elegant Trogon ______ N H 4  (northernmost race, in Mexico & southwest US, has been called Coppery-tailed Trogon)
     Trogon elegans lubricus
     
     
275. Collared Trogon ______ N S H 19
     Trogon collaris puella
     Trogon collaris underwoodi  ("Orange-bellied Trogon": range in Costa Rica & western Panama) 
     
     
276. Black-throated Trogon ______ N S H 10