PO Box 9021, Wilmington, DE 19809, USA
E-mail: font@focusonnature.com
Phone: Toll-free in USA 1-8
88-721-3555
 or 302/529-1876

 

Part 3 of a List
with some Photos
of 


South America
Butterflies
and Moths

Hairstreaks, Blues, Metalmarks



Noting those during
Focus On Nature Tours

in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela



Third Part of a List of South America Butterflies in 5 Parts,
compiled by Armas Hill


Here, in Part #3: 
Lycaenidae, the Hairstreaks and Blues
and Euselasiinae and Riodinidae, the Metalmarks


Among Butterfly Groupings in this list, links to:

Hairstreaks: Subfamily THECLINAE:   with the genera: Allomaitia, Apuecia, Arawasus, Arcas, Atides, Aubergina, Brangus, Breviana, Calycopis, Celmia, Chalys, Chlorostrymon, Contrafacia, Copathecla, Cyanophrys, Dicya, Eiseliana, Electrostrymon, Enos, Erora, Eumaeus, Evenus, Gargina, Heoda, Hypostrymon, Iaspis, Ignata, Ipidecla, Janthecla, Johnsonita, Kisulam, Kolana. Lamasina, Lauthus, Micandra, Michaelus, Ministrymon, Nesiostrymon, Ocaria, Oenomaus, Olynthus, Ostrinotes, Paiwarria, Penthiades, Parrhasius, Porthecla, Pseudolycaena, Rekoa, Semonina, Siderus, Strephonota, Strymon, Symbiopsis, Terenthina, Theclopsis, Theorema, Thepytus, Thereus, Theritas, Thestius, Tmolus  

Blues:
Subfamily POLYOMMATINAE:  
with the genera: Echinargus, Hemiargus, Itylos, Leptotes, Madelinea, Nabokovia, Pseuolucia, Zizula

Metalmarks: Subfamilies Euselasiinae & Riodinidae 

Subfamily EUSELASIINAE:  with the genera: Euselasia, Hades, Methone

Subfamily RIODININAE, Tribe MESOSEMIINI:   with the genera: Hermathena, Hyphilaria, Ithomiola, Leucochimona, Mesosemia, Napaea, Perophtalma, Voltinia 

Subfamily RIODININAE, Tribe EURYBIINI:  with the genus: Eurybia

Subfamily RIODININAE, Tribe RIODININI  with the genera: Ancyluris, Baeotis, Brachyglenis, Calcodeta, Calophelis, Cariomothis, Caria, Chamaelimnas, Charis, Chorinea, Crocozona, Cyrenia, Detritivora, Exoplisia, Ithomeis, Isapis, Lasaia, Lyroteryx, Melanis, Metacharis, Monethe, Necyria, Netheme, Pheles, Paceella, Rhetus, Roeberella, Sysema, Syrmatia

Subfamily RIODININAE, Tribe SYMMACHIINI:
   with the genera: Esthemopsis, Lucillella, Mesene, Mesenopsis, Panaropsis, Pirascca, Symmachia, Xenandra, Xynias   

Subfamily RIODININAE. Tribe NYMPHIDINI  with the genera: Adelotypa, Anteros, Ariconias, Aricoris, Archaeonympha, Audre, Calociasma, Calospila, Catocyclotis, Hypophylla, Juditha, Lemonias, Livendula, Nymphidium, Ourocnemis, Periplacis, Rodinia, Sarota, Setabis, Stichelia, Synargis, Theope, Thisbe
with genera having uncertain taxonomy as to tribe:
Argyrogrammana, Calydna, Comphotis, Echydna, Emesis, Imelda, Machaya, Pachythone, Pseudotinea, Roeberella

Subfamily RIODININAE, Tribe STALACHTINI:   with the genus: Stalachtis



Not a butterfly, but a bright yellow and black moth on stony ground in an Amazonian forest
during a FONT tour in Brazil.
The species is Xanthyris flaveolata, in the family Geometridae.

To see some photos of: 
MORE SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS 


Links to other South America Butterfly groupings in this list:

Part #1 - Swallowtails (Papilionidae)    Part #2 - Whites, Yellows, Sulphurs, Marbles (Pieridae)

Part #4 - Brushfoots (Nymphalidae)     Part #5 - Skippers (Hesperlidae)

In South America, the countries of Colombia, Peru, Brazil, and Ecuador each have a great number of butterfly species.
Ecuador has the greatest concentration of species per kilometer. In that country, there are said to be 2,726 species of butterflies.



Codes relating to illustrations in various books:

Numbers noted as (AZ:xx) refer to pages in "Butterflies of Arizona - A Photographic Guide", by Bob Stewart, Priscilla Brodkin, & Hank Brodkin (with fine photographs).

Numbers noted as (BB:xx) refer to pages in "Butterflies of Buenos Aires (Argentina)", by Gustavo Canals

Numbers noted as (C:xx) refer to pages in "A World of Butterflies", with text by Brian Cassie, and photographs (superb) by Kjell Sandved

Numbers noted as (DV1:xx) refer to plates in "The Butterflies of Costa Rica and their Natural History (Volume 1): Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae", by Philip J. DeVries

Numbers noted as (DV2:xx) refer to plates in "The Butterflies of Costa Rica and their Natural History (Volume 2): Riodinidae", by Philip J. DeVries.    

Numbers noted as (DA:xx) refer to pages in "Butterflies Of South America", by Bernard D'Abrera    

Numbers noted as (EBE:xx) refer to pages in "Ecuador's Butterfly Ecology", by Xavier Silva 

Numbers noted as (F:xx) refer to pages in "The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Butterflies", by Dr. John Feltwell  

Numbers noted as (K:xx) refer to pages in the "Kaufman Focus Guide to Butterflies of North America", by Jim Brock & Kenn Kaufman

Numbers noted as (MCA:xx) refer to pages in "A Swift Guide to the Butterflies of Mexico & Central America", by Jeffrey Glassberg

Numbers noted as (MM:xx) refer to pages in "Mariposas (Butterflies) of Missiones (Argentina)", by Gustavo Canals  

Numbers noted as (PE:xx) refer to plates in the "Peterson Field Guides to Eastern Butterflies", by Paul Opler & Vichai Malikul, 1998 edition. Those noted as (PEp:xx) refer to a page with a photograph.

Numbers noted as (PW:xx) refer to plates in the "Peterson Field Guide to Western Butterflies", by Paul Opler & illustrated by Amy Bartlett Wright, 1999 edition. Those noted as (PWp:xx) refer to a page with a photograph. 

Numbers noted as (RG:xx) refer to pages in "Butterflies of the Lower Rio Grande Valley" by Roland Wauer.

Numbers noted as (S:xx) refer to pages in the "Smithsonian Handbook, Butterflies & Moths", by David Carter.


Country Codes:


AR:  in Argentina
 ba:   province of Buenos Aires
 ne:   northeast Argentina, including Iguazu Falls
BR:  in Brazil
 se:   southeast Brazil 
CH:  in Chile
EC:  in Ecuador
PE:  in Peru
VE:  in Venezuela

BUTTERFLIES OBSERVED DURING FONT TOURS NOTED BY AN (*) AFTER THE 2-LETTER COUNTRY CODE.

(ph): species with a photo in the FONT website


Other Links:

Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours in South America in:
Brazil   Ecuador   Uruguay   Venezuela
     Argentina   Chile 

Lists & Photo Galleries of BIRDS, including those during FONT Tours in South America

Lists & Photo Galleries of MAMMALS, relating to FONT Tours in South America

Lists of Photo Galleries of AMPHIBIANS & REPTILES, including those during FONT Tours in South America

Alphabetical Directory of Butterflies by Genus of those with Photos in the FONT Website

Directory of Photos in this Website  




          Family LYCAENIDAE  (GOSSAMER WINGS): including: HAIRSTREAKS, BLUES
 
         
Throughout the world but mostly in tropical and subtropical regions. 
          The sexes often differ in coloration, and the undersides usually differ from the upper surfaces.

           Among several distinct groups are the HAIRSTREAKS
           with tails and bright eyespot markings on the hindwings, creating a "false head" at the rear, to divert attackers.
 
           Thus far, worldwide, about 5,000 species in this family have been discovered and named. 
           Caterpillars of many of these species are closely associated with ants.


          Subfamily THECLINAE:  HAIRSTREAKS


         
Genus EUMAEUS

  1. Eumaeus godarti  ______  EC
    WHITE-TIPPED CYCADIAN
    (Range: Costa Rica to western Ecuador)

  2. Eumaeus toxana  ______  EC


    Genus THEOREMA

  3. Theorema eumenia  ______  (MCA:36)
    TAILED CYCADIAN 
    (or Pale-tipped Cycadian)
    (Range: southeast Mexico to Ecuador)

  4. Theorema sapho  ______
    BANDED CYCADIAN
    (Range: Panama to Ecuador)


    Genus PAIWARRIA

  5. Paiwarria antinous  ______  (MCA:37)
    FELDER'S HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: southern Mexico to Colombia)

  6. Paiwarria telemus  ______  EC

  7. There is a Paiwarria sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.


    Genus BRANGUS

  8. Brangus neora  ______  (MCA:39)
    WIDESPREAD BRANGAS 
    (or Common Brangas)
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)

  9. Brangus coccineifrons  ______  (MCA:39)
    BLACK-VEINED BRANGAS
    (Range: southeast Mexico to Colombia)

  10. Brangus carthaea  ______  (MCA:39)
    GREEN-SPOTTED BRANGAS
    (Range: eastern Mexico to Colombia)

  11. Brangus getus  ______  EC  (MCA:39)
    BRIGHT BRANGAS
    (Range: southeast Mexico to the Guianas, also Trinidad)

  12. Brangus felderi  ______  EC

  13. There is a Brangus sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.


    Genus THAEIDES: 
    genus created in 1997

  14. Thaeides theia  ______  EC  (MCA:36)
    BROWN-BARRED HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: southeast Mexico to Bolivia & southeast Brazil)

  15. Thaeides xavier  ______  EC  (species described in 1997)


    Genus ENOS: 
    genus created in 1997

  16. Enos thara  ______  EC  (MCA:36)
    THARA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: southeast Mexico to Paraguay)

  17. Enos falerina  ______  EC


    Genus LAMASINA: 
    genus created in 2002

  18. Lamasina draudti (or godmani ______  (MCA:37)
    DRAUDT'S HAIRSTREAK 
    (another name is Shimmering Greatstreak)
    (Range: Guatemala to Colombia)

  19. Lamasina ganimedes  _______
    GANIMEDES HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to Amazonas, & the Guianas)

  20. Lamasina rhaptissima  ______  EC  (species described in 1991)


    Genus ATLIDES: 
    Found mainly in South America

  21. Atides polybe  ______  EC  (MCA:39)  (species described by Linnaeus in 1763)
    BLACK-VEINED HAIRSTREAK  (or Black-veined Greatstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to northern Argentina)

  22. Atides inachus (or carpophora ______  EC  (MCA:39)
    SPYING HAIRSTREAK  (or Alert Greatstreak)
    (Range: southeast Mexico to central Brazil)

  23. Atides atys (or scamander ______
    ATYS HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to Amazonas)

  24. Atides bacis  ______  EC  (MCA:39)
    BACIS HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Pale-rayed Greatstreak)
    (Range: Belize, Panama to Peru) 

  25. Atides (was Oenomous) rustan  ______  EC  (F:260) (MCA:39)
    RUSTAN HAIRSTREAK  (or Rusty Greatstreak)
    (Range: southeast Mexico to central Brazil)  

  26. Atlides halljasoni  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 2006)

  27. There is an Atlides sp. in Ecuador soon to be described. 


    Genus PSEUDOLYCAENA

  28. Pseudolycaena marsyas  ______  EC  (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
    MARSYAS HAIRSTREAK  (or Giant Hairstreak)
    (Range: Panama to Argentina, including Trinidad & Tobago)  

  29. Pseudolycaena damo  ______  (MCA:38)
    SKY-BLUE HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Sky-blue Greatstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia)


    Genus THERITAS

  30. Theritas mavors  (ph)  ______  EC  (MCA:38)
    DEEP-GREEN HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Sleepy Greatstreak)
    (Range: southeast Mexico to the Guianas)



    Deep-green Hairstreak, Theritas mayors,
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  31. Theritas theocritus  ______  (MCA:38)
    PEARLY HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Pearly Greatstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia)

  32. Theritas hemon  (ph)  ______  EC  (MCA:38)
    PALE-CLUBBED HAIRSTREAK 
    (other names are the Pale-clubbed Greatstreak or the Hemon Blue Hairstreak
    (Range: southeastern Mexico to southern Brazil)



    Pale-clubbed Hairstreaks, or Hemon Blue Hairstreaks,
    female and male
    (photo by Jorge Bizarro)

  33. Theritas lisus (or hisbon) (ph)  ______  EC  (MCA:38)
    LISUS HAIRSTREAK  (or Common Greatstreak) 
    (Range: southeast Mexico to southern Brazil)



    Lisus Hairstreak
    (photo by Jorge Bizarro)


  34. Theritas crines  ______
    CRINES HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama & Colombia)

  35. Theritas danaus  ______  EC

  36. Theritas drucei  ______  EC

  37. Theritas gozmanyi  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 2007)

  38. Theritas monica  ______  EC

  39. Theritas paupera  ______  EC

  40. Theritas triquetra  ______  EC


    Genus JOHNSONITA

  41. Johnsonita auda  ______
    AUDA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to Venezuela)


    Genus BREVIANTA

  42. Brevianta tolmides  ______
    WHITE-FROSTED HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama & Colombia)


    Genus MICANDRA

  43. Micandra platyptera  ______
    PLATYPTERA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Costa Rica, Venezuela to Bolivia)


    Genus IPIDECLA

  44. Ipidecla schausi  ______  (MCA:37)
    SCHAUS' IPIDECLA 
    (another name is Schaus' Streaklet)
    (Range: eastern Mexico to Paraguay)

  45. Ipidecla crepundia  ______
    WHITENEED IPIDECLA
    (Range; Trinidad to Peru)


    Genus THEREUS

  46. Thereus cithonius  ______  EC   (MCA:40)
    PALE-LOBED HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Double-barred Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina)

  47. Thereus enenia  ______
    ENENIA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: El Salvador to Colombia)

  48. Thereus pedusa  ______
    PEDUSA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to Amazonas)

  49. Thereus timoclea  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
    TIMOCLEA HAIRSTREAK

  50. Thereus ortalus  ______  EC  (MCA:40)
    ORTALUS HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Kissing Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)

  51. Thereus praxis  ______
    PRAXIS HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Costa Rica to northern Brazil)

  52. Thereus lausus  ______  EC  (MCA:40)
    LAUSUS HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Cafe-au-lait Hairstreak)
    (Range; Mexico to the Guianas & Amazonas)   

  53. Thereus ismarus ______  EC  

  54. There are 2 Thereus sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.


    Genus REKOA:
    A small genus of blue butterflies in Central & South America. 

  55. Rekoa meton  ______  EC  (MCA:38)
    METON HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Tiger-eye Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Bolivia, Paraguay, & southern Brazil, also Venezuela, the Guianas, Trinidad) 

  56. Rekoa marius  ______  (MCA:40) (PE:text)
    MARIUS HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Paraguay & southeastern Brazil, also Trinidad)

  57. Rekoa palegon ______ ARne  EC   (MCA:40) (MM:191) (PE:text)
    GOLD-BORDERED HAIRSTREAK
      (or Palegon Hairstreak
    AR common name: Azul Banda Curva  (translates to "Curve-banded Blue"
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina)

  58. Rekoa malina ______ ARne  (MM:192)
    AR common name: Azul Banda Recta  (translates to "Straight-banded Blue")

  59. Rekoa stagira ______ ARne  EC  (MCA:40) (MM:193)
    SMUDGED HAIRSTREAK
    AR common name:  Aristolteles  ("Aristotle")
    (regarding the scientific name, Stagira is the city where Aristotle was born.)  
    (Range: Mexico to northern Argentina & southeastern Brazil, also the Guianas & Trinidad)


    Genus ARAWACUS:  STRIPE-STREAKS


  60. Arawacus togarna  ______  EC  (MCA:42)
    TOGARNA HAIRSTREAK 
    (another name, in Mexico, is Chiapas Stripe-streak)
    (Range: southeast Mexico to Argentina)

  61. Arawacus leucogyna  ______  EC  (MCA:42)
    LEUCOGYNA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Interrupted Stripe-streak)
    (Range: Belize to Venezuela & Peru)

  62. Arawacus dolylas  ______  EC
    DOLYLAS HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to southern Brazil)

  63. Arawacus dumenilii  ______
    DUMENIL'S HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Honduras, Panama to the Guianas, also Trinidad)

  64. Arawacus (formerly Thecla) lincoides  ______ 
    (Range: Colombia)

  65. Arawacus aetolus  ______  EC
    (Range: Ecuador & Colombia to the Guianas, also Trinidad, Bolivia)

  66. Arawacus (formerly Thecla) separata  (ph)  ______  PE
    ZEBRA HAIRSTREAK 
    (other names are Separata Stripe-streak, or Zebra Teaser)
    (Range: Peru, Paraguay)



    The Zebra Hairstreak, Arawacus separata
    (photo by Marie Grenouillet)

  67. Arawacus (formerly Thecla) aethesa  ______
    (Range: Brazil, in Bahia)

  68. Arawacus (formerly Thecla) meliboeus  ______
    (Range: Brazil) 

  69. Arawacus (formerly Thecla) euptychia  ______
    (Range; Brazil) 

  70. Arawacus (formerly Thecla, and Rekoa) ellida  ______  EC
    (Range: Venezuela to Peru, and Argentina & southern Brazil)

  71. Arawacus (formerly Thecla) tadita  ______
    (Range: southern Brazil, in Parana)

  72. Arawacus (formerly Thecla) binangula  ______
    (Range: southern Brazil, in Parana)

  73. Arawacus (formerly Thecla) tarania  ______
    (Range: Brazil, in Minas Gerais, Parana)   


    Genus CONTRAFACIA

  74. Contrafacia bassania  ______  (MCA:41)
    WHITE-ETCHED HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Chained Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia)

  75. Contrafacia ahola  ______  EC  (MCA:41)
    HALF-BLUE HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Hash-mark Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)

  76. Contrafacia imma  ______  EC  (MCA:41)
    IMMA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Pritwitz's Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)

  77. Contrafacia marmoris  ______  EC


    Genus KOLANA

  78. Kolana ligurina  ______  (MCA:41)
    LIGURINA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Parenthetical Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)

    This and the following species, K. lyde, may be inseparable.

  79. Kolana lyde  ______  (MCA:41)
    LYDE HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)   


    Genus CHLOROSTRYMON: 
    genus created in 1961

  80. Chlorostrymon telea  (ph)  ______  EC  (MCA:52) (PE:text)
    TELEA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)



    Telea Hairstreak
    (photo courtesy of Michiel Koomen)

  81. Chlorostrymon simaethis  (ph)  ______  EC  (K:117) (MCA:52) (PE:13)
    Chlorostrymon simaethis simaethis  ______  ARne  (MM:202) 
    (subspecies in northeast Argentina)
    SILVER-BANDED HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Simaethis Hairstreak)
    AR common name: Banda de Plata  (translates to "Silver Band", referring to the silver band on the ventral surface) 
    (Range: southern US to Argentina, also West Indies)  



    Silver-banded Hairstreak
    (photo courtesy of Michiel Koomen)


    Genus OCARIA:  genus created in 1970

  82. Ocaria aholiba  ______  EC

  83. Ocaria arpoxais  ______  EC

  84. Ocaria calesia  ______  EC

  85. Ocaria elongata  ______  EC  

  86. Ocaria sadiei  ______  EC

  87. Ocaria thales  ______  EC

  88. Ocaria ocrisia  ______  ARne  EC  (MCA:43) (MM:199)  (PE:text)
    BLACK HAIRSTREAK

    AR common name: Ocrisia
      (the name of a noble Roman, Servio Tulio's mother, the 6th Roman emperor) 
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina)


    Genus CYANOPHRYS: TROPICAL GREEN HAIRSTREAKS:  genus created in 1961

  89. Cyanophrys amyntor  ______  EC  (MCA:52)
    AMYNTOR GREENSTREAK 
    (or Cramer's Greenstreak)
    (Range: southern Mexico to southern Brazil)

  90. Cyanophrys fusius  ______  (MCA:52)
    BROWN GREENSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia) 

  91. Cyanophrys longula  ______  EC  (MCA:52)
    MOUNTAIN GREENSTREAK 
    (or Brown-spotted Greenstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)

  92. Cyanophrys pseudolongula  (ph)  ______  EC



    Cyanophrys pseudolongula
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  93. Cyanophrys banosensis  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  94. Cyanophrys acaste ______  ARne  (MM:194)
    AR common name: Acasto 
    (in Greek mythology, Acasto was the son of Pelias) 

  95. Cyanophrys herodotus ______ ARne  EC  (K:117) (MCA:52) (MM:195) (PE:13)
    TROPICAL GREENSTREAK 
    (or Tropical Green Hairstreak
    AR common name: Herodoto  (the name referring to Herodoto, a Greek historian in the 5th Century BC)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil  & northeast Argentina)

  96. Cyanophrys remus ______ ARne  (MM:196)
    Double-lined Emerald  
    AR common name: Remo


    Genus ARCAS

  97. Arcas imperialis  ______  EC  (C:343) (MCA:37)
    IMPERIAL ARCAS 
    (other names are Imperial Hairstreak, and Imperial Sunstreak)
    (Range: southern Mexico to Bolivia & southern Brazil) 

  98. Arcas delphia  ______
    NICOLAY'S ARCAS
    (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

  99. Arcas splendor  ______
    SPLENDID ARCAS
    (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

  100. Arcas gozmanyi  ______
    GOZMANY'S ARCAS
    (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

  101. Arcas cypria  ______  (MCA:37)
    MEXICAN ARCAS 
    (another name is Wavy-lined Sunstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia)

  102. Arcas jivaro  ______  EC  (species described in 1971)

  103. Arcas nicolayi  ______  EC  (species described in 1995)


    Genus THECLA:
    Traditionally, a large genus of hairstreaks in Central & South America. Relatively small, some with tails and bright coloration. Usually live in lightly wooded and sunny habitats.

     
  104. Thecla conchylium ______ ARne  (MM:200)
    Little Snail

  105. Thecla sophocles ______ ARne  (MM:205)
    Sofocles
    (re the name: Sofocles was 1 of the 3 most important Greek playwrights, 496-406 BC) 


    Genus CALLOPHRYS
    (including what was XAMIA)Mostly South American tailed butterflies with muted orange colors. Breed on succulents.  


    Genus EVENUS

  106. Evenus (formerly incorrectly in Thecla) coronata  ______  EC  (S:88) (MCA:37)
    CROWNED HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Magnificent Greatstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)

  107. Evenus batesii  ______  EC  (MCA:37)
    BATES' HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Bates' Greatstreak)
    (Range: southeast Mexico to Brazil)

  108. Evenus candidus  ______  EC
    CANDID HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to Amazonas)

  109. Evenus temathea  ______
    TIMID HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to the Guianas)  

  110. Evenus gabriela  ______  EC

  111. Evenus regalis  ______  EC


    Genus CUPATHECLA

  112. Cupathecla cupentus  ______
    CUPENTUS HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to northern Brazil)


    Genus THESTIUS

  113. Thestius epopea  ______  EC
    EPOPEA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Peru)

  114. Thestius lycabas  ______  EC

  115. Thestius meridionalis  ______  EC

  116. Thestius pholeus  ______  EC

  117. Thestius selina  ______  EC

  118. There are 2 Thestius sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.


    Genus ALLOMAITIA: 
    genus created in 1964

  119. Allomaitia strophius  (formerly A. pion)  ______  EC  (MCA:40) (PE:text)
    STROPHIUS HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)

  120. Allomaitia mytusa  ______  EC
    MYTUSA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to Bolivia)


    Genus LAOTHUS:
      genus created in 1997

  121. Laothus erybathis  ______  (MCA:42)
    ERYBATHIS HAIRSTREAK 
    (another name, further north in its range, is the Mexican Elstreak
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia)

  122. Laothus oceia (or laothose______
    OCEIA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: southeast Mexico to Colombia)

  123. Laothus gibberosa  ______  EC


    Genus JANTHECLA: 
    genus created in 1991

  124. Janthecla cydonia  ______  EC
    CYDONIA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)  

  125. Janthecla janthina  ______  EC

  126. Janthecla leea  ______  EC  (species described in 1991)

  127. Janthecla rocena  ______  EC

  128. There is a Janthecla sp. in Ecuador soon to be described. 


    Genus PARRHASIUS

  129. Parrhasius polibetes  ______
    BLACK-SPOT HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina & Uruguay) 

  130. Parrhasius orgia  ______
    Parrhasius orgia orgia ______ ARne  (MM:197)
    (subspecies in northeast Argentina) 
    VARIABLE HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Turquoise-M Hairstreak)
    AR common name: Orgia
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina & Brazil) 

  131. Parrhasius selika  ______
    BRAZILIAN M-HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Colombia to Brazil)

    Parrhasius selika is similar to Parrhasius m-album of North America. There are other closely related butterflies to Parrhasius m-album in the mountains of Central America. 


    Genus PANTHIADES

  132. Panthiades bitias  ______  EC  (MCA:42)
    BITIAS HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Eclipsed Cross-streak)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)

  133. Panthiades ochus  ______  (MCA:42)
    OCHUS HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Hatched Cross-streak)
    (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)

  134. Panthiades bathildis  ______  (MCA:42)
    ZEBRA-STRIPED HAIRSTREAK
      (or Zebra Cross-streak)
    (Range: Mexico to northern Brazil)

  135. Panthiades phaleros  ______  EC  (MCA:42)  (species described by Linnaeus in 1767)
    PHALEROS HAIRSTREAK  (or Black-barred Cross-streak)
    (Range: southeastern Mexico to southern Brazil)

  136. Panthiades aeolus  ______  EC

  137. Panthiades paphlagon  ______  EC


    Genus PORTHECLA

  138. Porthecla porthura  ______
    PORTHURA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama & Colombia)

  139. Porthecla ravus  ______
    RAVUS HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to Amazonas)


    Genus THEPYTUS

  140. Thepytus epytus  ______
    EPYTUS HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to Ecuador)

  141. Thepytus echelta  ______  (MCA:43)
    VELVET HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: southern Mexico to Brazil)   


    Genus OENOMAUS:
    Hairstreaks of North & South America, relatively large and with iridescent colors. Live in lightly wooded areas.

     
  142. Oenomaus ortygnus ______ (MCA:38,44) (PE:text)
    AQUAMARINE HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)

  143. Oenomaus cyanovenata  ______
    VEINED HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to the Guianas)

  144. Oenomaus atesa  ______
    ATESA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: southern Mexico to Brazil)

  145. Oenomaus atena  ______
    ATENA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Guatemala to Amazonas)


    Genus TMOLUS: Dimorphic tailed hairstreaks with dark uppers and light undersides. 

  146. Tmolus echion ______  ARne  EC  (F:278) (K: 119) (MCA:46) (MM:206) (PE:13)  (species described by Linnaeus in 1767)
    RED-SPOTTED HAIRSTREAK 
    (other names: Echion Hairstreak, Four-spotted Hairstreak, Larger Lantana Butterfly)
    AR common name: Tmolos  (in mythology, Tmolos was the father of Tantalo) 
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil & northeast Argentina)

    Tmolus echion is introduced into some places, such as Mexico & Hawaii, to control lantana, its caterpillar food plant.

  147. Tmolus mutina  ______
    MUTINA MIDISTREAK
    (Range: Costa Rica to the Guianas & northern Brazil)

  148. Tmolus cydrara  ______  EC

  149. There are 2 Tmolus sp. in Ecuador soon to be described. 


    Genus MINISTRYMON
    : HAIRSTREAKS of North & South America that have adaptations for living in deserts. Breed on mesquites, spiny trees, and shrubs of the Proposis genus, which grow in deserts, especially by watercourses. The colors of the butterflies are blue, gray, and black.  

  150. Ministrymon azia ______  CH  EC  (K:119) (MCA:46) (PE:13)
    GRAY MINISTREAK 
    (or Azia Hairstreak)
    CH common name: Licena Invasora
    (Range: south Texas to southern Brazil & Argentina, also West Indies. In Chile, from Arica to Atacama)

    Ministrymon azia lives in arid places. It favors thorn scrub and matorral.

  151. Ministrymon cleon  ______  EC

  152. Ministrymon zilda  ______  EC

  153. Ministrymon una ______ ARne  EC  (MCA:46) (MM:204)
    PALE MINISTREAK
    AR common name: Frotadora Palida 
    (translates to "Pale Rubber")

  154. Ministrymon quebradivaga  ______  CH
    CH common name: Licena de la Quebrada
    (Range: in Chile, in the valleys of Arica and Tarapaca)

    Ministrymon quebradivaga
    flies above treetops. 


    Genus GARGINA: 
    genus created in 2004

  155. Gargina thyesta  ______
    THYESTA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)

  156. Gargina emessa  ______  EC

  157. Gargina gnosia  ______  EC


    Genus EISELIANA

  158. Eiseliana bicolor  ______  CH
    BICOLORED HAIRSTREAK
    CH common name: Licena de Dos Colores
    (Range: in Chile, from Atacama to Biobio, where it is common near flowers and flowering shrubs)


    Genus HEODA

  159. Heoda wagenknecti  ______  CH
    CH common name: Licena de Wagenknect
    (Range: in Chile, from Atacama to Coquimbo, in a variety of habitats)

    Heoda wagenkncecti is gray with a large spot of orange on the wings. 

  160. Heoda nivea  ______  CH
    CH common name: Licena Nevada
    (Range: in Chile, from Coquimbo to Aisen, in Andean foothills)   

    Heoda nivea is brown. 


    Genus SIDERUS

  161. Siderus leucophaeus  ______  EC
    WHITE-SPOTTED HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Guatemala to Brazil)

  162. Siderus bouvieri  ______  EC

  163. Siderus philinna  ______  EC

  164. There are 3 Siderus sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.


    Genus STREPHONOTA: 
    genus created in 1997 

  165. Strephonota (was Siderus) tephraeus  ______  EC  (MCA:49) (PE:text)
    PEARLY-GRAY HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Tephraeus Hairstreak
    (Range: south Texas, USA & Mexico to Brazil)

  166. Strephonota sphinx  ______  EC
    SPHINX HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to Brazil)

  167. Strephonota syedra  ______  EC  (MCA:49)
    SYEDRA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or White-banded Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)

  168. Strephonota ambrax  ______  EC  (MCA:49)
    AMBRAX HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)

  169. Strephonota ericeta  ______  (MCA:49)
    ERICETA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Flying-W Hairstreak
    (Range: Guatemala to Colombia)

  170. Strephonota agrippa  ______  EC

  171. Strephonota carteia  ______  EC

  172. Strephonota cyllarissus  ______  EC

  173. Strephonota parvipuncta  ______  EC

  174. Strephonota trebonia  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  175. Strephonota tyriam  ______  EC

  176. There are 6 Strephonota sp. in Ecuador soon to be described. 


    Genus THECLOPSIS

  177. Theclopsis mycon  ______  EC  (MCA:48)
    MYCON HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Burnt-chocolate Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela & Ecuador)

  178. Theclopsis demea  ______
    DEMEA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Nicaragua to Ecuador)

  179. Theclopsis epidius  ______
    EPIDIUS HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to Colombia)

  180. Theclopsis gargara  ______
    GARGARA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Colombia to southern Brazil)

  181. Theoclopsis lydus  ______  EC

  182. There is a Theclopsis sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.


    Genus OSTRINOTES: 
    genus created in 1997

  183. Ostrinotes haliciones  ______  EC  (MCA:48)
    HALCIONES HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Halcyon Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)

  184. Ostrinotes keila  ______  (MCA:48)
    KEILA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Pungent Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia)

  185. Ostrinotes purpuriticus  ______  (MCA:48)
    CRYTIC HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Druce's Hairstreak)
    (Range: southeast Mexico to Colombia)

  186. Ostrinotes empusa  ______
    EMPUSA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to Argentina)

  187. There is a Ostrinotes sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.


    Genus MICHAELUS

  188. Michaelus phoenissa  ______  (MCA:41)
    TWO-BANDED HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to northern Brazil & Peru)

  189. Michaelus jebus  ______  (MCA:41)
    VARIEGATED HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina & southern Brazil)

  190. Michaelus thordesa  ______  (MCA:41)
    THORDESA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Milky Way Hairstreak
    (Range: Mexico to Bolivia & southeastern Brazil) 

  191. Michaelus ira  ______  (MCA:41)
    IRA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Shadowed Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina & southeastern Brazil)

  192. Michaelus joseph  ______  (species described in 2010)
    JOSEPH HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Costa Rica to the western Amazon, Brazil & Peru)


    Genus IGNATA

  193. Ignata caldas  ______  (species described in 2010)
    CALDAS HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to southeast Peru)

  194. Ignata norax  ______  (MCA:49)
    NORAX HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: southern Mexico to Brazil)


    Genus OLYNTHUS

  195. Olynthus narbal  ______
    NARBAL HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to the Guianas & Peru)

  196. Olynthus hypsea  ______
    HYPSEA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to Venezuela)

  197. Olynthus punctum (or stigmatos______
    PUNCTUM HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to the Guianas & central Brazil)


    Genus HYPOSTRYMON

  198. Hypostrymon asa  ______  EC  (MCA:45)
    ASA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Garnet-spotted Hairstreak)
    (Range: Guatemala to Brazil)

  199. There is a Hypostrymon sp. in Ecuador soon to be described. 


    Genus APUECIA

  200. Apuecia upupa  ______  
    UPUPA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: southeast Mexico to Venezuela & Ecuador)


    Genus NESIOSTRYMON

  201. Nesiostrymon calachinia  ______  EC  (MCA:45)
    CALACHINA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Tied Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina)

  202. Nesiostrymon celona  ______  EC  (MCA:45)
    CELONA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Village Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)

  203. Nesiostrymon dodava  ______  (MCA:44)
    DODAVA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Brown-and-blue Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)


    Genus AUBERGINA

  204. Aubergina vanessoides  ______
    VANESSOIDES HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Colombia to Brazil)

  205. Aubergina paetus  ______
    PAETUS HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia)

  206. Aubergina hicetas  ______
    HICETAS HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia)

  207. Aubergina hesychia  ______
    HESYCHIA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)


    Genus TERENTHINA

  208. Terenthina terentia  ______
    TERENTIA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)


    Genus IASPIS

  209. Iaspis temesa  ______  (MCA:49)
    TEMESA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Yellow-spotted Hairstreak)
    (Range: southeastern Mexico to southern Brazil)

  210. Iaspis beera  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  211. Iaspis talayra  ______  EC

  212. Iaspis thabena  ______  EC

  213. Iaspis verania  ______  EC


    Genus CELMIA: 
    genus created in 1991

  214. Celmia celmus  ______  EC  (MCA:45)
    CELMUS HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Chutes-and-ladders Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Paraguay & Brazil)

  215. Celmia conoveria  ______  (MCA:45)
    CONOVERIA HAIRSTREAK 
    (another name is Base-line Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)

  216. There is a Celmia sp. in Ecuador soon to be described. 


    Genus DICYA

  217. Dicya dicaea  ______  (MCA:45)
    DICAEA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Wine-spotted Hairstreak
    (Range; Mexico to Brazil)

  218. Dicya carnica  ______  EC  (MCA:45)
    CARNICA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Tear-spotted Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina)

  219. Dicya iambe  ______  EC
    IAMBE HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Peru)


    Genus ERORA

  220. Erora subflorens  ______  (MCA:53)
    EMERALD HAIRSTREAK
      (or Sweet Dreamstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)

  221. Erora aura  ______  (MCA:53)
    AURA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Shimmering Dreamstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to western Colombia)

  222. Erora caria  ______  EC  (MCA:53)
    CARIA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Black-edged Dreamstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)

  223. Erora gabina  ______  EC  (MCA:53)
    GABINA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Salvin's Dreamstreak
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)

  224. Erora opisena  ______  (MCA:53)
    OPISENA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Druce's Dreamstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)

  225. Erora badeta  ______
    BADETA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)

  226. Erora lampetia  ______
    LAMPETIA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)

  227. There are 2 Erora sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.


    Genus SEMONINA: 
    genus created in 2004

  228. Semonina ares  ______  EC
    ARES HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to western Ecuador)

  229. Semonina semones  ______
    SEMONES HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)


    Genus CHALYS

  230. Chalys janias  ______  (MCA:53)
    JANIAS GREENSTREAK 
    (or Cramer's Emeraldstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)

  231. Chalys hassan  ______  EC  (MCA:53)
    HASSAN GREENSTREAK 
    (or Red-spotted Emeraldstreak) 
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)

  232. Chalys lineata  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)


    Genus SYMBIOPSIS

  233. Symbiopsis tanais  ______
    TANAIS HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

  234. Symbiopsis rickmani  ______
    RICKMAN'S HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Nicaragua to Colombia) 

  235. Symbiopsis morpho  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1971)

  236. There is a Symbiopsis sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.


    Genus CALYCOPIS:
    Small, tailed LYCAENIDS, mostly in South America. 

  237. Calycopis isobeon ______ (MCA:51) (PE:13)
    DUSKY-BLUE GROUNDSTREAK
     
    (or Dusky-blue Hairstreak)
    (Range: Texas to Venezuela)


  238. Calycopis caesaries  ______
    CAESARIES GROUNDSTREAK
    (Range: Belize to northern Brazil)

  239. Calycopis bellera  ______
    BELLERA GROUNDSTREAK
    (Range: Panama, Surinam, Brazil)  

  240. Calycopis atnius  ______  EC

  241. Calycopis buphonia  ______  EC

  242. Calycopis cerata  ______  EC

  243. Calycopis cicera  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, described in 2005)

  244. Calycopis demonassa  ______  EC

  245. Calycopis mimas  ______  EC

  246. Calycopis orcilla  ______  EC

  247. Calycopis pisis  ______  EC

  248. Calycopis spadectis  ______ EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, described in 1993)

  249. Calycopis trebula  ______  EC  

  250. Calycopis vidulus  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  251. There is a Calycopis sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.


    Genus KISULAM

  252. Kisulam syllis  ______
    SKY-BLUE GROUNDSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)


    Genus ELECTROSTRYMON: 
    genus created in 1961 

  253. Electrostrymon hugon (or sangala, or cyphara)  ______  EC  (K:103) (MCA:51) (PE:13)
    RUDDY HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: south Texas to Venezuela)

  254. Electrostrymon canus ______ (K:103) (MCA:51) (PE:text) 
    MUTED HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: south Texas to Peru)

  255. Electrostrymon endymion ______  ARne  EC  (MM:201)
    ENDYMION HAIRSTREAK 
     
    (re the name:
    Endymion in Greek mythology was a shepherd who lulled in perpetual sleep.)  

  256. Electrostrymon joya  ______  EC

  257. Electrostrymon mathewi  ______  EC


    Genus STRYMON: SCRUB HAIRSTREAKS: In both North & South America. Butterflies exhibit seasonal variation. 

  258. Strymon melinus ______ (C:181) (F:274) (K: 93) (MCA:47) (PE:15) (S:90)  
    GRAY HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: southern Canada to South America)

    Strymon melinus is widely distributed in North & Central America, living in many different types of open habitat. It has been recorded breeding on over 50 species of plants.

  259. Strymon rufofusca  ______  EC  (K:123) (PE:15)
    RED-CRESCENT SCRUB-HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Reddish Hairstreak)
    (Range: south Texas to Argentina, also Grenada)

  260. Strymon yojoa  ______  EC  (K:123) (MCA:47) (PE:15)
    YOJOA SCRUB-HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)

  261. Strymon albata ______ (F:273) (K:123) (MCA:47) (PE:15)
    WHITE SCRUB-HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)

    Strymon albata is a migrant, with some flights from Central America reaching the southern US. 

  262. Strymon istapa (or columella)  (ph)  ______  EC  (K:121) (MCA:47) (PE:14)
    Strymon istapa istapa  ______ 
    (subspecies from Texas, USA & Mexico to Argentina)
    MALLOW SCRUB-HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: southern US to Argentina, & in the West Indies)



    A Mallow Scrub-Hairstreak photographed during a FONT tour
    (photo by Marie Gardner)


  263. Strymon ahrenholzi  ______  EC  (species described in 2005)

  264. Strymon bubastus  ______  EC

  265. Strymon cestri  ______  EC

  266. Strymon daraba  ______  EC

  267. Strymon gabatha  ______  EC

  268. Strymon lucena  ______  EC

  269. Stymon michelle  ______  EC  (species described in 2005)

  270. Stymon serapio  ______  EC

  271. Stymon ziba  ______  EC

  272. Strymon bazochii ______ ARne  EC  (K:123) (MCA:47) (MM:207) (PE:15)
    LANTANA SCRUB-HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Bazochii Hairstreak
    AR common name: Azul del Camara  ("Smaller Lantana Butterfly") (refers to one of the host plants, Lantana camara)
    (Range: south Texas to Paraguay & northeast Argentina, also Greater Antilles)

  273. Strymon mulucha ______ ARne  EC  (MCA:47) (MM:208)
    MOTTLED SCRUB-HAIRSTREAK
    AR common name: Frotadora Linea Blanca 
    (translates to "White Line Rubber", refers to the white hyphen on the forewings below)

  274. Strymon astiocha ______ ARne  (MCA:47) (MM:209)
    GRAY-SPOTTED SCRUB-HAIRSTREAK
    AR: common name: Astiocha

  275. Strymon eurytulus ______ ARne  CH  (MM:210)
    AR common name: Frotadora 
    (translates to "Rubber", referring to a peculiar behavior as this butterfly drinks) 
    CH common name: Licena Tornasol Comun 
    (Range: in Chile, from Atacama to Chiloe, in woodlands, fields, and gardens)

  276. Strymon crambusa  ______  CH
    CH common name: Licena de Atacama
    (Range: in Chile, along the Atacama coast near Caldera, where it is rare)

  277. Strymon megarus ______ ARne  EC  (MM:211)
    AR common name: Taladro de la Pina 
    ("Pineapple Drill", refers to the host plant) 



    Subfamily POLYOMMATINAE: BLUES

    Very small butterflies, mostly blue above. Females of many are browner.


    Genus ITYLOS

  278. Itylos titicaca  ______  CH
    DWARF BLUE
    CH common name:  Licena enana
    (Range: in Chile, from Arica to Antofagasta; also in Peru & Bolivia)

    Itylos titicaca is found in Astagalus milk vetch on the puna steppe, and in bofedales and Polylepis groves above 10,000 feet.


    Genus LEPTOTES

    In Ecuador, butterflies in the genera LEPTOTES and HEMIARGUS (below) can be common in open areas by the Coast (especially), and in the Amazon, cloud forests, and some Andean valleys.
    They are found pollinizing flowers or on wet soils.
    Host plants and in the legume families in Mimosaceae (Acacia spp., Prosopis spp.) and Fabaceae (Astralagus  spp., Medicago spp.)   

     
  279. Leptotes andicola  ______  EC

  280. Leptotes cassius  (ph)  ______  ARne  EC  (K:127) (MCA:55) (MM:215) (PE:16) (S:99) 
    CASSIUS BLUE
    AR common name: Azul Litacea  
    (Range: southern US to South America, also West Indies)

    Males of Leptotes cassius are a light lilac-blue, females are mainly white.






    Two photos of a Cassius Blue photographed during a FONT tour
    (photos by Marie Gardner)

  281. Leptotes delalande  ______  EC  (species described in 1995)

  282. Leptotes marina  _____  EC  (EBE:140)

  283. Leptotes parrhasioides  ______  EC  (endemic to the Galapagos Islands)

  284. Leptotes trigemmatus  ______  CH
    TAMARUGO BLUE
    CH common name: Licena del Tamarugo
    (Range: in Chile, from Arica to Santiago)

    The larvae of Leptotes trigemmatus live in association with ants. The larvae feed on buds, flowers, and leaves, of Prosopis tamarugo, a tree cultivated for fodder in the Atacama Desert. These larvae are a major food source for the bird known as the Tamarugo Conebill.     


    Genus ZIZULA:
     

  285. Zizula cyna ______ ARne  EC  (F:279) (K:127) (MCA:55) (MM:213) (PE:15)
    CYNA BLUE
    AR common name: Miri 
    (a Guarani word meaning "small")
    (Range: south Texas to Argentina)

    Zizula cyna occurs in deserts and scrubby areas. It is one of the smallest butterflies. They sway from side to side when perched.


    Genus PSEUOLUCIA:  There are 21 species in this genus in Chile. They come in a broad range of colors, ranging from blue to brown to silver, often with orange, white, or brown patterns and an overlay of blue to silver iridescence. 
    Females and males differ in color or markings in most species.

  286. Pseuolucia chilensis  ______  CH
    CH common name: Licena Morena
    (Range: in Chile, from Atacama to Santiago)

  287. Pseuolucia collina  ______  CH
    CH common name: Licena Celeste
    (Range: in Chile, from Coquimbo to Nuble)

    Pseudolucia collina butterflies are often seen resting on the ground, or flying around flowers and shrubs in open areas in the foothills.  

  288. Pseudolucia lyrnessa  ______  CH
    CH common name: Licena Confusa
    (Range: in Chile, from Coquimbo to Biobio)

  289. Pseudolucia aureliana  ______  CH
    AURELIAN BLUE
    (Range: in Chile, in the Atacama Mountains)

    Both males and females of the Aurelian Blue are a deep lustrous blue with checkered fringes. 
    The species is named for "the Aurelian", a short story in which Pilgrim, an ardent butterfly collector, is unable to fulfill his dream of journeying to the tropics.

  290. Pseudolucia charlotte  ______  CH
    CHARLOTTE'S BLUE
    (Range: in Patagonian areas of Argentina & Chile)

    Pseudolucia charlotte
    is named for Lolita's mother, Charlotte.

  291. Pseudolucia hazeorum  ______  CH
    CH common name: Licena de los Haze
    (Range: in Chile, in the Andes above 6,500 feet above sea level)

  292. Pseudolucia whitakeri  ______  CH
    WHITIKER'S BLUE
    (Range: in Chile and Argentina in Patagonia) 

  293. Pseudolucia zembla  ______  CH
    ZEMBLA BLUE
    (Range: in Chile, in the Andes)     



    Genus HEMIARGUS:
    Commonly called "eyed blues", these butterflies occur in both North & South America. 
    The common name is from 2 or 3 eye-spots on the undersides of the hindwings. 
    They breed on a wide variety of members of the pea family, Leguminosae (Mimosaceae and Fabaceae).

    Regarding these butterflies in Ecuador, see notes above under LEPTOTES.  

       
  294. Hemiargus ceraunus  ______ (EBE:140) (K:129) (MCA:55) (PE:15)
    CERAUNUS BLUE
    (Range: southern US to South America, also West Indies)

    Hemiargus ceraunus and the following species, Hemiargus hanno, may be conspecific.

  295. Hemiargus hanno ______ ARne  EC  (EBE:7,140) (MM:214)
    HANNO BLUE
    AR common name: Miri Manchada  ("Spotted Miri") 
    (the spots are on the hind wings below) 
    (Range: mainly South America, but exact range uncertain)

  296. Hemiargus ramon  ______  EC  (occurs in the Galapagos Islands) 


    Genus ECHINARGUS 
    (created in 1945)

  297. Echinargus martha  ______  EC  (species either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)


    Genus NABOKOVIA 
    (created in 1960)

  298. Nabokovia faga  ______  EC


    Genus MADELINEA 
    (created in 1993)

  299. Madelinea koa  ______  EC

  300. Madelinea nodo  ______  EC  (species described in 1995)

  301. Madelinea vokoban  ______  EC  (species either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, described in 1995)



    Subfamilies EUSELASIINAE & RIODINIDAE: METALMARKS  
    named for the gold, silver, or copper-colored metallic scales on the wings of
    many of the species 

    About 1,300 species are known, found mainly in the American tropics. A few in North America extend south into Mexico.
    Habitually, these butterflies land on the undersides of foliage, with their wings spread wide open. 


    Subfamily EUSELASIINAE


    Genus HADES: mostly South American metalmarks with rounded wings

       
  302. Hades noctula ______ (DV2:1) (F:237) (MCA:59)
    WHITE-RAYED METALMARK
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)

  303. Hades hecamede  ______  EC


    Genus METHONE

  304. Methone cecilia ______  EC  (DV2:1)
    CECILIA METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to the Amazon basin) 


    Genus EUSELASIA: 
    A large group of over 100 species of metalmarks in Central and South America. They often sexually dimorphic, and often have a pattern of lines and waves on their undersides.

  305. Euselasia pellonia  ______
    Euselasia pellonia pellonia  ______ 
    (subspecies in Costa Rica, Peru)
    RED-RIMMED EUSELASIA 

  306. Euselasia bettina  ______  EC  (DV2:1)
    BLACK-TOPPED EUSELASIA
    (Range: Nicaragua to Ecuador)

  307. Euselasia eusepus  ______  EC  (MCA:56)
    EUSEPUS EUSELASIA 
    (or Tea-banded Sombermark)
    (Range: Panama to southern Brazil)

  308. Euselasia chrysippe  ______  EC  (MCA:56)
    GOLDEN EUSELASIA 
    (or Golden Sombermark)
    (Range: southeastern Mexico to Colombia)

  309. Euselasia regipennis  ______  EC  (MCA:57)
    Euselasia regipennis eupepla  ______ 
    (subspecies in Panama & Colombia)
    PURPLE-TOPPED EUSELASIA 
    (or Purple-topped Sombermark)

  310. Euselasia corduena  (ph)  ______  EC
    Euselasia corduena anadema  ______  (DV2:1) 
    (subspecies from Costa Rica to Colombia)
    STRIPED EUSELASIA
    (Range: Costa Rica to Peru) 



    Striped Euselasia
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)


  311. Euselasia labdacus ______  EC
    Euselasia labdacus reducta  ______  (DV2:2) 
    (subspecies from Costa Rica to Colombia)
    RED-BANDED EUSELASIA
    (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia) 

  312. Euselasia eucrates  ______  EC  (MCA:56)
    Euselasia eucrates leucorrhoa  ______ (DV2:2) 
    (subspecies from Costa Rica to Venezuela)
    GODMAN'S EUSELASIA 
    (or Mousy Sombermark)
    (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia) 

  313. Euselasia gyda  ______  EC  (DV2:2)
    PEARLY-VENTERED EUSELASIA    
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil) 

  314. Euselasia mys  ______  EC  (MCA:57)
    Euselasia mys mys  ______ 
    (subspecies from Belize to the Guianas & Amazonas)
    VARIABLE EUSELASIA 
    (or Confused Sombermark)

  315. Euselasia procula  ______  (MCA:57)
    ORANGE-COSTA EUSELASIA 
    (or Orange-costa Sombermark)
    (Range: southeastern Mexico to Colombia)

  316. Euselasia hieronymi  ______  EC  (MCA:57)
    Euselasia hieronymi bianala  ______ 
    (subspecies from Costa Rica to western Ecuador)
    RED-RAYED EUSELASIA 
      (or Red-rayed Sombermark)

  317. Euselasia midas  ______  EC  (DV2:3)
    MIDAS EUSELASIA  
    (Range: Costa Rica to Peru & Brazil) 

  318. Euselasia euoras  ______  EC  (DV2: text)
    PURPLE-WASHED EUSELASIA
    (Range: Costa Rica to Peru & Brazil)

  319. Euselasia aurantiaca ______ (DV2:3) (MCA:56)
    FIERY EUSELASIA 
    (or Fiery Sombermark)
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela) 

  320. Euselasia eurypus (or angulata)  ______  (DV2:3)
    STUB-TAILED EUSELASIA 
    (Range: southeast Mexico to Brazil)

  321. Euselasia onorata  ______  EC  (DV2:3)
    WHITEWASHED EUSELASIA
    (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)

  322. Euselasia subargentea  ______  (MCA:57)
    GREAT EUSELASIA 
    (or Orange-spotted Sombermark)
    (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

  323. Euselasia alcmena  ______  EC

  324. Euselasia andreae  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1998)

  325. Euselasia angulata  ______  EC

  326. Euselasia archelaus  ______  EC

  327. Euselasia argentea  ______  EC

  328. Euselasia athena  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  329. Euselasia cafusa  ______  EC

  330. Euselasia chinguala  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1995)

  331. Eurselasia cyanofusa  ______  EC  (species described in 1998)

  332. Euselasia effima  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  333. Euselasia ella  ______  EC

  334. Euselasia erythraea  ______  EC

  335. Eureslasia eulione  ______  EC

  336. Euselasia eumedia  ______  EC

  337. Euselasia eumenes  ______  EC

  338. Euselasia euphaes  ______  EC

  339. Euselasia eurymachus  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  340. Euselasia euryone  ______  EC

  341. Euselasia eutychus  ______  EC

  342. Euselasia fabia  ______  EC 

  343. Euselasia fervida  ______  EC

  344. Euselasia illarina  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1998) 

  345. Euselasia issoria  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)  

  346. Euselasia jigginsi  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1998)

  347. Euselasia kartopus  ______  EC

  348. Euselasia mapatayana  ______  EC  (species described in 1998)

  349. Euselasia opalescens  ______  EC

  350. Euselasia orba  ______  EC

  351. Euselasia orfita  ______  EC

  352. Euselasia nauca  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1998)  

  353. Euselasia palla  ______  EC  (species described in 1998) 

  354. Euselasia perisama  ______  EC  (species described in 2001)

  355. Euselasia pillaca  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1998) 

  356. Euselasia praeclara  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  357. Euselasia rhodogyne  ______  EC

  358. Euselasia teleclus  ______  EC

  359. Euselasia zena  ______  EC

  360. Euselasia hygenius  ______
    Euselasia hygenius occulta ______ ARne  (MM:216) 
    (subspecies in northeast Argentina)
    AR common name: Simuladora 
    (translates to "Pretender", referring to the similarity with some SATYRINAE)

  361. Euselasia utica ______ ARne  (MM:217)
    AR common name: Nemi Naranja 
    (translates to "Orange Nemi", Nemi is a Guarani word meaning hidden. The butterfly rests on the underside of leaves, with wings folded.) 

  362. Euselasia eugeon ______ ARne  (MM:218)
    AR common name: Patas Amarillas  (translates to "Yellow Legs")


    Subfamily RIODININAE:  TRUE METALMARKS

    Subfamily RIODININAE, Tribe MESOSEMIINI


    Genus PEROPHTHALMA

  363. Perophthalma tullius  ______  EC  (DV2:3)
    TULLIUS METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)

  364. Perophthalma lasciva  ______
    (Range: Colombia)


    Genus LEUCOCHIMONA

  365. Leucochimona vestalis  ______  EC  (DV2:4) (MCA:58)
    VESTALIS METALAMRK 
    (or White Eyemark)
    (Range: Guatemala to Ecuador) 

  366. Leucochimona lagora  ______  EC  (DV2:4)
    LAGORA METALMARK
    (Range: Nicaragua to Ecuador & the Guianas)

  367. Leucochimona aequatorialis  ______  EC

  368. Leucochimona icare  ______  EC


    Genus MESOSEMIA:
    More than 60 species in mostly South America, characterized by quite prominent eye-spots on the forewing, giving a face-like appearance. Unusual for butterflies, they tend to hop through vegetation rather than fly.
    40 species occur in Ecuador.



    A butterfly in the Mesosemia genus in northern South America
    (photo by Sherry C. Nelson)

  369. Mesosemia coelestis  ______
    PALE-BLUE EYED-METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia) 

  370. Mesosemia hesperina  ______  EC  (DV2:4)
    HESPERINA EYED METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela)

  371. Mesosemia zonalis  ______
    WHITENED EYED-METALMARK 
    (Range: Honduras to Colombia)

  372. Mesosemia cecropia  ______
    SPYING EYED-METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

  373. Mesosemia hypermegala  ______
    HIDING EYED-METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

  374. Mesosemia telegone  ______  EC  (DV2:5)
    VIOLET-WASHED EYED-METALMARK
    (Range: Mexico to Peru)   

  375. Mesosemia lamachus (or tertica)  ______  EC  (MCA:58)
    PURPLE-WASHED EYED-METALMARK 
    (or Purple-washed Eyemark)
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia)

  376. Mesosemia asa  ______
    Mesosemia asa asopis  ______ 
    (subspecies in Panama & Colombia)
    DEEP-BLUE EYED-METALMARK


  377. Mesosemia adida  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  378. Mesosemia ahava  ______  EC

  379. Mesosemia anceps  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador) 

  380. Mesosemia antaerice  ______  EC

  381. Mesosemia asa  ______  EC

  382. Mesosemia cyanira  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  383. Mesosemia epidius  ______  EC

  384. Mesosemia erinnya  ______  EC

  385. Mesosemia eumene  ______  EC

  386. Mesosemia gneris  ______  EC

  387. Mesosemia ibycus  ______  EC

  388. Mesosemia latizonata  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  389. Mesosemia judicialis  ______  EC

  390. Mesosemia loruhama  ______  EC

  391. Mesosemia macella  ______  EC

  392. Mesosemia machaera  ______  EC

  393. Mesosemia macrina  ______  EC

  394. Mesosemia mamilia  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  395. Mesosemia mancia  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  396. Mesosemia mehida  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  397. Mesosemia melpia  ______  EC

  398. Mesosemia mesoba  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  399. Mesosemia messeis  ______  EC

  400. Mesosemia metope  ______  EC

  401. Mesosemia metuana  (ph)  ______  EC



    Mesosemia metuana
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  402. Mesosemia mevania  ______  EC

  403. Mesosemia naiadella  ______  EC

  404. Mesosemia ozora  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador) 

  405. Mesosemia philocles  ______  EC  (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)

  406. Mesosemia reba  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador) 

  407. Mesosemia sibyllina  ______  EC

  408. Mesosemia sifia  ______  EC

  409. Mesosemia tenebricosa  ______  EC

  410. Mesosemia ulrica  ______  EC

  411. Mesosemia zanoa  ______  EC

  412. Mesosemia zikla  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  413. Mesosemia zorea  ______  EC

  414. Mesosemia odice ______ ARne  (MM:219)
    AR common name: Ojitos  (translates to "Little Eyes")


    Genus HYPHILARIA

  415. Hyphilaria thasus (or subrutila ______
    THASUS METALMARK
    (Range: Mexico to the Guianas, Paraguay, & southern Brazil)

  416. Hyphilaria parthenis  ______  EC
    FIRE-BANDED METALMARK
    (Range: Panama to the Guianas, Bolivia, & southern Brazil) 

  417. Hyphilaria anthias  ______  EC   

  418. Hyphilaria anophthalma  ______  EC


    Genus NAPAEA

  419. Napaea heteroea  ______
    BLUE-WASHED METALMARK
    (Range: Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, to Amazonas & southern Peru)

  420. Napaea actoris  ______
    ACTORIS METALMARK
    (Range: central & southern Amazonas, far southeastern Peru, Bolivia)

  421. Napaea beltiana (or malis, or aza ______  EC  (MCA:60)
    CLOUDED METALMARK
      (or Belted Metalmark
    (Range: southern Mexico to Amazonas & Bolivia)

  422. Napaea rufolimba  ______
    RED-MARGINED METALMARK
    (Range: southern Mexico to Ecuador)

  423. Napaea eucharila  ______  EC  (DV2:5) (MCA:60)
    WHITE-STITCHED METALMARK
    (Range: Mexico to Paraguay & southern Brazil)

  424. Napaea theages  ______  EC  (DV2:5)
    (Range; Nicaragua to Ecuador) 

  425. Napaea merula  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  426. Napaea neildi  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1998) 

  427. Napaea nepos  ______  EC

  428. Napaea umbra  ______  EC


    Genus VOLTINIA

  429. Voltinia theata  ______  EC  (DV2:6)
    BLUE-BANDED METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to western Ecuador)

  430. Voltinia radiata  ______  
    WHITE-RAYED METALMARK

  431. Voltinia (formerly Napaea) umbra  ______  (DV2:5) (MCA:60)
    QUILTED METALMARK
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil) 


    Genus HERMATHENA

  432. Hermathena ebuma (or oweni)  ______  (MCA:75)  
    WHITE METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to northern South America)

  433. Hermathena candidata  ______  EC  (DV2:6)
    (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia)


    Genus ITHOMIOLA

  434. Ithomiola floralis  ______  EC
    Ithomiola floralis celtilla  ______ 
    (subspecies from eastern Panama to Bolivia)
    CLEARWING METALMARK

  435. Ithomiola theages  ______  (MCA:60)
    Ithomiola theages theages  ______ 
    (subspecies from Costa Rica to northwest Ecuador)
    WHITE-SPOTTED METALMARK

  436. Ithomiola cribralis  ______  
    CLOUD-SPOTTED METALMARK
    (Range: central Panama to western Ecuador) 

  437. Ithomiola cascella  ______  EC

  438. Ithomiola celtilla  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  439. Ithomiola callixena  ______  EC

  440. Ithomiola buckleyi  ______  EC  (species described in 1998) 


    Genus CREMNA

  441. Cremna thasus  ______  EC  (DV2:7)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)

  442. Cremna actoris  ______  EC

  443. Cremna calitra  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  444. Cremna heteroea  ______  EC


    Subfamily RIODININAE, Tribe EURYBIINI


    Genus EURYBIA: dark-colored Neotropical metalmarks with a conspicuous eye-spot on the forewing.

  445. Eurybia cyclopia  ______  EC
    Eurybia cyclopia cyclopia  ______ 
    (subspecies from Costa Rica to Ecuador)
    FIRE-BORDERED EURYBIA  

  446. Eurybia caerulescens ______  EC  (DV2:6)
    (Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela & Ecuador) 

  447. Eurybia lycisia ______  EC  (DV2:6) (F:234) (MCA:59)
    BLUE-WINGED EURYBIA 
    (or Blue-winged Sheenmark)
    (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)

    The distinctive feature of Eurybia lycisia is the iridescent blue hindwing edged in black.

  448. Eurybia unxia ______ (DV2:6)
    AZURE-WINGED EURYBIA
    (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia & Brazil)  

  449. Eurybia elvina  ______  EC  (DV2:6) (MCA:59)
    BLIND EURYBIA 
    (or Blind Sheenmark)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil) 

  450. Eurybia dardus  ______  EC

  451. Eurybia donna  ______  EC

  452. Eurybia franciscana  ______  EC

  453. Eurybia halimede  ______  EC

  454. Eurybia jemima  ______  EC

  455. Eurybia juturna  ______  EC

  456. Eurybia latifasciata  ______  EC

  457. Eurybia molochina  ______  EC

  458. Eurybia nicaeus  ______  EC

  459. Eurybia patrona  ______  EC

  460. Eurybia tephrias ______ ARne  (MM:221)
    AR common name: Goteada 
    (translates to "Dripped", referring to the butterfly's white spots) 


    Subfamily RIODININAE, Tribe RIODININI


    Genus NECYRIA

  461. Necyria bellona  (ph)  ______  EC
    Necyria bellona juturna  ______ 
    (subspecies in Colombia)
    Necyria bellona manco  ______ 
    (subspecies in Colombia)
    Necyria bellona saundersii  ______ 
    (subspecies in Colombia)
    Necyria bellona zaneta  ______  EC 
    (subspecies in Ecuador)
    Necyria bellona westwoodii  ______ 
    (subspecies in Peru)
    Necyria bellona whitelyiana  ______
      (subspecies in Peru)
    Necyria bellona bellona  ______ 
    (subspecies in Bolivia)



    Necyria bellona
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  462. Necyria duellona  ______  EC
    Necyria duellona diva  ______ 
    (subspecies in Colombia)
    Necyria duellona duellona  ______ 
    (subspecies in Ecuador)   


    Genus CYRENIA

  463. Cyrenia martia  ______  EC  (DV2:6)
    Cyrenia martia martia  ______ 
    (subspecies in Amazonas)
    RED-SPOTTED METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil) 


    Genus LYPOTERYX:
    Some 23 species of metalmarks in Central & South America.

  464. Lyroteryx lyra  ______  EC  (DV2:7) (F:252) (MCA:59)
    LYRA METALMARK 
    (or Cherry-bordered Metalmark)
    (Range: Mexico to Ecuador & Brazil) 

    Lyroteryx lyra is one of the larger metalmarks. 

  465. Lyroteryx apollonia  ______  EC


    Genus CHORINEA

  466. Chorinea bogota  ______  (MCA:61)
    NORTHERN CHORINEA 
    (or Northern Clearmark)
    (Range: Guatemala to Colombia)

  467. Chorinea octauius  ______  EC  (DV2:7)
    (Range: Guatemala to Brazil)  

  468. Chorinea amazon  ______  EC

  469. Chorinea batesii  ______  EC

  470. Chorinea gratiosa  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  471. Chorinea sylphina  (ph)  ______  EC
    SYLPHINA ANGEL



    Sulphina Angel
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  472. Chorinea heliconides  ______  ARne  EC  (MM:224)
    AR common name: Puntilla Negra 
    (translates to "Black Lace")


    Genus ITHOMEIS

  473. Ithomeis eulema  ______  (DV2:7)
    NORTHERN MIMIC-METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela)

  474. Ithomeis aurantiaca  ______  EC 


    Genus MONETHE

  475. Monethe albertus  ______  EC
    Monethe albertus rudolphus  ______  (DV2:7) 
    (subspecies from Honduras to Colombia) 
    YELLOW-PATCHED METALMARK
    (Range: Honduras to Guyana)  


    Genus NOTHEME

  476. Notheme erota  (ph)  ______  EC
    Notheme erota diadema ______ (DV2:7) (MCA:61)
    (subspecies from Mexico to Bolivia)
    Notheme erota angelius ______ ARne  (MM:225)
    (subspecies in northeast Argentina)
    EROTA METALMARK 
    (or Two-oranges Metalmark
    AR common name: Redondita (translates to "Small Round")
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina) 



    Erota Metalmark
    (photo by Jorge Bizarro)


    Genus ANCYLURIS:
    Mostly South American, up to 20 species.

    Many are black with contrasting red or white bands on the upperwings.  

  477. Ancyluris aulestes  ______  EC

  478. Ancyluris colubra  ______  EC

  479. Ancyluris formosissima  ______  EC

  480. Ancyluris inca  ______  EC

  481. Ancyluris jurgensenii  ______  EC

  482. Ancyluris meliboeus  ______  EC

  483. Ancyluris mira  ______  EC

  484. Ancyluris paramba  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1994)   

  485. Ancyluris tedea ______ ARne  EC  (MM:222)
    AR common name: Cinta Roja 
    (translates to "Red Ribbon"

    In the book "Butterflies of Misiones", published in 2003: it was the first mention of the species in Argentina. 


    Genus RHETUS:
    4 mostly South American species with long hindwings. 

  486. Rhetus dysonii  (ph)  ______  EC
    Rhetus dysonii caligosus  ______  (DV2:8) 
    (subspecies from Costa Rica to Colombia) 
    Rhetus dysonii dysonii  ______    
    (subspecies in Venezuela)
    Rhetus dysonii psecas  ______ 
    (subspecies in Bolivia)  
    DYSON'S METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil) 



    Dyson's Metalmark
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  487. Rhetus arcius  ______  EC  (DV2:8) (F:268) (MCA:61)  (species described by Linnaeus in 1763)
    Rhetus arctus pacificus  ______  (subspecies in Colombia)
    Rhetus arctus angustifascia  ______  (subspecies in Ecuador)
    Rhetus arctus amycus  ______  (subspecies in Brazil)   
    LONG-TAILED METALMARK  (or Sword-tailed Beautymark)
    (Range: Mexico to Bolivia & Brazil) 

  488. Rhetus periander  (ph)  ______  EC  (DV2:8) (MCA:61)
    Rhetus periander laonome  ______ 
    (subspecies in Colombia)
    Rhetus periander periander  ______ 
    (subspecies in Suriname)
    Rhetus periander arthuriana  ______ 
    (subspecies in Brazil)
    Rhetus periander eleusinus ______ ARne  (MM:223) 
    (subspecies in Brazil & northeast Argentina) 
    PERIANDER METALMARK  (or Periander Swordtail, or Variable Beautymark)   
    AR common name: Eleusinian 
    (re the name: Eleusinian inhabited Eleusis, an Attica port northwest of Athens) 
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina)  

     

    Periander Metalmark, or Swordtail


    Genus PHELES

  489. Pheles (formerly Lepricornis) strigosa  ______  EC  (MCA:70)
    Pheles strigosa strigosa  ______  (DV2:8)
      (subspecies from Mexico to Colombia)
    STRIGOSA METALMARK 
    (or Four-spotted Mimicmark)
    (Range: Costa Rica to Peru) 

  490. Pheles incerta  ______  EC
    INCERTA METALMARK
    (Range: Panama to Peru)

  491. Pheles ochracea  ______
    OCHRACEA METALMARK
    (Range: Panama to Venezuela) 

  492. Pheles heliconides  ______  EC


    Genus SYRMATIA:
    Mostly South American metalmarks, having an unmistakable shape with incredibly long, drawn-out hindwings.

      
  493. Syrmatia nyx  ______  EC  (DV2:9)
    SPOTTED TAILWING
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil, also Trinidad)

  494. Syrmatia aethiops  ______  EC  (DV2:9)
    WHITE-TIPPED TAILWING
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)


    Genus CHAMAELIMNAS 

  495. Chamaelimnas villagomes  ______  (DV2:9)
    (Range: Costa Rica to northern South America) 

  496. Chamelimna briola  ______  EC


    Genus EXOPLISIA 

  497. Exoplisia cadmeis  ______  EC  (DV2:9) (MCA:70)
    CADMEIS METALMARK 
    (or Semi-checked Metalmark)
    (Range: Honduras to Peru)

  498. Exoplisia hypochalbe  ______  EC
    Exoplisia hypochalbe hypochalbe  ______  (DV2:9) 
    (subspecies from Mexico to Colombia)
    MANY-BANDED METALMARK 
    (Range: Mexico to Peru & Bolivia)


    Genus ISAPIS

  499. Isapis agyrtus  ______  EC  (DV2:9) (MCA:62)
    YELLOW-BASED METALMARK
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)


    Genus BRACHYGLENIS

  500. Brachyglenis esthema  ______  EC
    Brachyglenis esthema esthema  ______  (DV2:25) 
    (subspecies from Costa Rica to Colombia)
    WHITE-RAYED METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)

  501. Brachyglenis dinora  ______
    DINORA METALMARK
    (Range: Nicaragua to Colombia)


    Genus MELANIS : 
    called "Mulattos" in Argentina

  502. Melanis pixe  ______  EC  (C:327) (K:151) (MCA:59) (PE:17)
    Melanis pixe sanguinea  ______  (DV2:9) 
    (subspecies from Honduras to Colombia)
    Melanis pixe corvina  ______ 
    (subspecies in Colombia)
    RED-BORDERED PIXIE 
    (or PIXIE)
    (Range: Texas in the lower Rio Grande valley to Brazil) 


  503. Melanis electron  ______  EC  (DV2:9) (MCA:59) 
    Melanis electron electron  ______ 
    (subspecies in French Guiana)
    Melanis electron herellus  ______ 
    (subspecies in Curacao)
    Melanis electron pronostriga  ______ 
    (subspecies in Colombia, Brazil)
    Melanis electron rabuscula  ______ 
    (subspecies in Peru, Brazil)
    Melanis electron auriferax  ______ 
    (subspecies in Brazil)
    Melanis electron epijarbas  ______ 
    (subspecies in Brazil)
    ORANGE-BARRED PIXIE
    (Range: Guatemala to Venezuela, also Trinidad)  

  504. Melanis marathon  ______  EC
    Melanis marathon marathon  ______ 
    (subspecies in Colombia)
    Melanis marathon assimulata  ______ 
    (subspecies in Colombia)
    Melanis marathon stenotaenia  ______ 
    (subspecies in Peru)
    Melanis marathon charon  ______ 
    (subspecies in Brazil) 

  505. Melanis melandra  ______
    (Range: in Surinam)

  506. Melanis hodia  ______
    (Range: in Venezuela)

  507. Melanis cinaron  ______  EC
    (Range: in Colombia & Ecuador)

  508. Melanis passiena  ______  EC
    (Range: in Colombia)

  509. Melanis vidali  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  510. Melanis leucophlegma  (ph)  ______
    (Range: in Peru)



    Melanis leucophlegma
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  511. Melanis hillapana  ______
    Melanis hillapana hillipana  ______ 
    (subspecies in Peru)
    Melanis hillapana cratippa  ______ 
    (subspecies in Brazil)
    Melanis hillapana corinna  ______ 
    (subspecies in Brazil, described in 1952)

  512. Melanis cercopes  ______
    (Range: in Bolivia)

  513. Melanis alena  ______
    (Range: in Brazil) 

  514. Melanis boyi  ______
    (Range: in Brazil)

  515. Melanis herminae  ______
    (Range: in Brazil)

  516. Melanis lycea  ______
    (Range: in Brazil)

  517. Melanis lioba  ______
    (Range: in Brazil) 

  518. Melanis melaniae  ______
    (Range: in Brazil)

  519. Melanis opites  ______
    (Range: in Brazil)

  520. Melanis seleukia  ______
    (Range: in Brazil)

  521. Melanis unxia  ______
    Melanis unxia unxia  ______ 
    (subspecies in Brazil)
    Melanis unixia ludmila  ______ 
    (subspecies in Brazil, described in 1952) 
    (Range: Brazil)

  522. Melanis volusia  ______
    (Range; in Brazil)

  523. Melanis yeda  ______  (species described in 1952)
    (Range: Brazil)

  524. Melanis xenia  ______ 
    Melanis xenia ambryllis  ______ 
    (subspecies in Bolivia)
    Melanis xenia xenia  ______  ARne  (MM:234) 
    (subspecies in Brazil & northeast Argentina) 
    AR common name: Mulata Dentada 
    (translates to "Toothed Mulatto", with "toothed" refers to the irregular bands on the dorsal surface)  

  525. Melanis smithiae  ______  EC
    Melanis smithiae xarifa  ______ 
    (subspecies in Venezuela)
    Melanis smithiae smithiae  ______  ARne  (MM:235) 
    (subspecies in Brazil & northeast Argentina)
    AR common name: Mulata Puntas Naranja 
    (translates to "Orange-tipped Mulatto")

  526. Melanis aegates  ______
    Melanis aegates melliplaga  ______ 
    (subspecies in the Guianas)
    Melanis aegates aegates  ______ 
    (subspecies in Bolivia)
    Melanis aegates araguaya  ______ 
    (subspecies in Brazil)
    Melanis aegates lilybaeus  ______ 
    (subspecies in Brazil)
    Melanis aegates limbrata  ______ 
    (subspecies in Brazil)
    Melanis aegates albugo  ______ 
    (subspecies in Paraguay)
    Melanis aegates cretiplaga ______ ARne  (MM:236) 
    (subspecies in Argentina)
    AR common name: Mulata Mancha Blanca 
    (translates to "White-spotted Mulatto")


    Genus SISEME

  527. Siseme neurodes  (ph)  ______  EC
    Siseme neurodes neurodes  ______ 
    (subspecies in Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru)
    Siseme neurodes caudalis  ______ 
    (subspecies in Peru)



    Siseme neurodes
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  528. Siseme alectryo  ______  EC
    Siseme alectryo alecttryo  ______ 
    (subspecies in Colombia) 
    Siseme alectryo lucilius  ______ 
    (subspecies in Peru & Bolivia)
    Siseme alectryo spectanda  ______ 
    (subspecies in Ecuador)
    Siseme alectryo tantilla  ______ 
    (subspecies in Colombia)

  529. Siseme aristoteles  ______  EC
    Siseme aristoteles aristoteles  ______ 
    (subspecies in Colombia)
    Siseme aristoteles leucodesma  ______
      (subspecies in Colombia)
    Siseme aristoteles minerva  ______ 
    (subspecies in Colombia)
    Siseme aristoteles ochrotaenia  ______ 
    (subspecies in Ecuador)
    Siseme aristoteles sprucei  ______ 
    (subspecies in Ecuador) 

  530. Siseme pallas  ______  EC
    Siseme pallas pallas  ______ 
    (subspecies in Colombia)
    Siseme pallas defasciata  ______ 
    (subspecies in Peru)
    Siseme pallas xanthogramma  ______ 
    (subspecies in Peru)

  531. Siseme pedias  ______  
    (Range: Colombia)

  532. Siseme peculiaris  ______
    (Range: Peru)

  533. Siseme militaris  ______
    (Range: Peru)

  534. Siseme pseudopallas  ______   
    Siseme pseudopallas pseudopallas  ______
      (subspecies in Peru)
    Siseme pseudopallas hellotis  ______ 
    (subspecies in Peru)

  535. Siseme atrytone  ______
    (Range: Bolivia)


    Genus CHALODETA

  536. Chalodeta chaonitis  (ph)  ______  EC  (CV2:15) (MCA:65)
    ORANGE-STITCHED METALMARK  (or Stained Scintillant)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil, including Trinidad)  



    Orange-stitched Metalmark
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  537. Chalodeta lypera  ______  EC  (DV2:15)
    GREEN-STITCHED METALMARK
    (Range: Guatemala to Brazil) 

  538. Chalodeta theodora  (ph)  ______  EC
    Chalodeta theodora theodora ______ ARne  (MM:231) 
    (subspecies in northeast Argentina)
    THEODORA METALMARK
    AR common name: Lineas Brilliantes 
    (translates to "Shiny Lines")
    (translates to "Shiny Lines")



    Theodora Metalmark
    (photo by Sherry Nelson) 


  539. Chalodeta pescada  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1998) 
    (Range: Ecuador)

  540. Chalodeta chelonis  ______
    (Range: Brazil)

  541. Chalodeta chlosine  ______  EC  (species described in 2002)

  542. Chalodeta chitinosa  ______  EC  (species described in 2002)


    Genus METACHARIS

  543. Metacharis victrix  ______  EC  (DV2:10)
    VICTRIX METALMARK
    (Range: Nicaragua to western Ecuador)

  544. Metacharis umbrata  ______  (DV2:25)
    SHADOWED METALMARK
    (Range: Nicaragua to western Ecuador) 

  545. Metacharis syloes  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
    CONFUSED METALMARK

  546. Metacharis cuparina  ______  EC

  547. Metacharis lucius  ______  EC

  548. Metacharis nigrella  ______  EC

  549. Metacharis regalis  ______  EC


    Genus CARIOMOTHIS

  550. Cariomothis poeciloptera  ______
    FIERY METALMARK
    (Range: Panama & Colombia) 

  551. Cariomothis erythromelas  ______  EC


    Genus ESTHEMOPSIS:
    About 15 species of metalmark butterflies, mostly in South America.

  552. Esthemopsis clonia  ______  (MCA:70)
    CLONIA METALMARK 
    (another name is Common Redhead)
    (Range: southern Mexico to Colombia)

  553. Esthemopsis colaxes  ______
    Esthemopsis colaxes colaxes  ______ (DV2:10) 
    (subspecies from Costa Rica to western Ecuador)
    CLOAXES METALMARK 



    Genus CARIA

  554. Caria rhacotis  ______  EC  (DV2:10) (MCA:66)
    HONDURAN METALMARK 
    (or Hackberry Greenmark)
    (Range: southern Mexico to Peru)

  555. Caria mantinea  ______  EC
    Caria mantinea lampeto ______ (DV2:10) (MCA:66) 
    (subspecies from Mexico to Bolivia)
    Caria mantinea mantinea  ______ 
    (subspecies in Peru)
    LAMPETO METALMARK 
    (or Brilliant Greenmark)


  556. Caria domitianus ______ (DV2:10) (MCA:66)
    SMALL-PATCHED METALMARK 
    (or Small-patched Greenmark)
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela, also Trinidad) 

  557. Caria trochilus  ______
    Caria trochilus trochilus  ______ 
    (subspecies in Guyana) 
    Caria trochilus arete  ______ 
    (subspecies in Peru)

  558. Caria chrysame  (ph)  ______
    Caria chrysame chrysame  ______ 
    (subspecies in Bolivia)
    Caria chrysame psittacus  ______
      (subspecies in Peru)



    Caria chrysame
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  559. There is a Caria sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.   

  560. Caria sponsa  ______
    (Range: in Peru) 

  561. Caria tabrenthia  ______
    (Range: in Peru)

  562. Caria castalia  ______ 
    (Range: in Brazil)

  563. Caria marsyas (formerly castalia marsyas) ______ ARne  (MM:232)   
    AR common name: Brillantina 
    (translates to Brilliant, referring to its brilliant green coloration) 
    (Range: Brazil, Paraguay, & northeast Argentina) 

  564. Caria plutargus  ______  
    Caria plutargus amazonica  ______ 
    (subspecies in Amazonian Brazil)
    Caria plutargus plutargus  ______ ARne  (MM:233)
    AR common name: Brillantina y Naranja 
    (translates to Brilliant and Orange
    , with its orange spots)


    Genus CROCOZONA

  565. Crocozona coecias  (ph)  ______  EC
    Crocozona coecias arcuata  ______ 
    (subspecies in Colombia)
    Crocozona coecias coecias  ______ 
    (subspecies in Brazil) 



    Crocozona coecias
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  566. Crocozona fasciata  ______
    Crocozona fasciata faciata  ______ 
    (subspecies in Peru)
    Crocozona fasciata clusia  ______ 
    (subspecies in Bolivia) 

  567. Crocozona pheretima  ______
    (Range: Colombia)

  568. Crocozona croceifasciata  ______  (species described in 1952)
    (Range: Brazil)


    Genus BAEOTIS

  569. Baeotis nesaea  ______  EC  (DV2:10)
    NESAEA METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Peru)

  570. Baeotis zonata  ______  EC
    Baeotis zonata zonata ______ (DV2:10) (MCA:63) 
    (subspecies from Mexico to Venezuela)
    Baeotis zonata dryades  ______  (subspecies in Ecuador)
    BUMBLEBEE METALMARK  (or Square-spotted Yellowmark)


  571. Baeotis macularia (or sulphurea ______  (DV2:10) (MCA:63)
    SULPHUR METALMARK 
    (or Polka-dotted Yellowmark)
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia) 

  572. Baeotis barce  ______
    Baeotis barce barce  ______ 
    (subspecies from Mexico to Honduras)
    Baeotis barce corentyna  ______ 
    (subspecies in Guyana, described in 1998)
    BARCE METALMARK  

  573. Baeotis bacaenis  (ph)  ______  EC
    (Range: in Ecuador & Peru)



    Baeotis bacaenis
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  574. Baeotis felix  ______  EC
    Baeotis felix felicissima  ______ 
    (subspecies in Ecuador)
    Baeotis felix felix  ______ 
    (subspecies in Bolivia) 

  575. Baeotis attali  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1998)
    (Range: in Ecuador) 

  576. Baeotis sulphurea  ______  EC

  577. Baeotis elegantula  ______
    (Range: in Peru)

  578. Baeotis bacaenita  ______
    (Range: in Peru)

  579. Baeotis staudingeri  ______  (species described in 1994)
    (Range: in Peru)

  580. Baeotis creusis  ______
    (Range: in Bolivia)

  581. Baeotis melanis  ______
    (Range: in Brazil)

  582. Baeotis euprepes  ______
    Baeotis euprepes euprepes  ______ 
    (subspecies in Brazil)
    Baeotis euprepes obscurior  ______ 
    (subspecies in French Guiana, described in 1998)
    Baeotis euprepes orthotaenia  ______ 
    (subspecies in Bolivia)

  583. Baeotis prima  ______
    Baeotis prima prima  ______ 
    (subspecies in Brazil)
    Baeotis prima nigricans  ______ 
    (subspecies in French Guiana, described in 1998)

  584. Baeotis choroniensis  ______  (species described in 1946)
    (Range: in Venezuela)

  585. Baeotis kadenii  ______
    (Range: in Venezuela)

  586. Baeotis capreolus  ______
    Baeotis capreolus capreolus  ______ 
    (subspecies in Colombia)
    Baeotis capreolus robini  ______ 
    (subspecies in French Guiana, described in 1995)

  587. Baeotis johannae  ______
    Baeotis johannae johannae  ______ 
    (subspecies in Brazil)
    Baeotis johannae cearaica  ______ 
    (subspecies in Brazil)

  588. Baeotis cephissa  ______  EC
    (Range: in Brazil & Ecuador)  


    Genus LASAIA

  589. Lasaia meris  ______  EC  (MCA:68,69)
    VARIEGATED LASAIA 
    (or Variegated Bluemark)
    (Range: southern Mexico to Brazil)

  590. Lasaia pseudomeris  ______  EC  (DV2:16)  (species described in 1972)
    CLENCH'S LASAIA
    (Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela & Peru)

  591. Lasaia oileus  ______  EC  (DV2:16) (MCA:68,69)
    OILY LASAIA 
    (or Dark Bluemark)
    (Range: Belize to the Guianas, Brazil, & Paraguay, also Trinidad)

  592. Lasaia agesilas  ______  EC  (MCA:68,69)
    Lasaia agesilas agesilas
    (including former esmeralda)   ______  ARne  (MM:229)  (subspecies from southern Costa Rica to Bolivia, Brazil & Argentina)
    SHINING-BLUE LASAIA 
    (or Black-patched Bluemark)
    AR common name: Hovy  (the name is a Guarani word referring to the males coloring)

  593. Lasaia cutisca  ______  EC  (species described in 1998)
    (Range: Ecuador)

  594. Lasaia moeros  (ph)  ______  EC
    (Range: in Ecuador & Peru)



    Lasaia moeros
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  595. Lasaia incoides  ______
    (Range: in Peru)

  596. Lasaia aerugo  ______  (species described in 1972)
    (Range: Peru)

  597. Lasaia maritima  ______  (species described in 2001)
    (Range: Peru) 

  598. Lasaia kennethi  ______
    (Range: in Bolivia)

  599. Lasaia arsis  ______  ARne  EC  (MM:230)  
    AR common name: Hovy Salpicada  (translates to "Splashy Hovy"; "Hovy" being a Guarani word meaning "blue". and "splashy" referring to the white spot on the dorsal hind wing) 
    (Range: in Brazil & Argentina)


    Genus PARCELLA

  600. Parcella amarynthina  ______  EC  (DV2:10) 
    ORANGE-BANDED METALMARK

    (Range: Panama to Argentina) 


    Genus DETRITIVORA:  genus created in 2002

  601. Detritivora smalli  ______  EC  (species described in 2001)
    SMALL'S METALMARK
    (Range: eastern Panama to western Ecuador)

  602. Detritivora (formerly Charis) hermodora  ______  (DV2:11)
    HERMODORA METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela, also Trinidad)

  603. Detritivora (formerly Charis) gynaea  ______  (DV2:11)
    GYNAEA METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)

  604. Detritivora barnesi  ______  EC  (MCA:65)  (species described in 2001)
    BARNES' METALMARK  (or Cloaked Scintillant
    (Range: southeastern Mexico to western Ecuador)  

  605. Detritivora iquitos  ______  EC  (species described in 2002)

  606. Detritivora major  ______  EC

  607. Detritivora ma  ______  EC  (species described in 2002)

  608. Detritivora matic  ______  EC  (species described in 2002)

  609. Detritivora zama  ______  EC


    Genus CHARIS

  610. Charis anius  ______  EC  (DV2:11)
    ANIUS METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)


    Genus ADELOTYPA:
    About 30 small butterflies mostly in South America

  611. Adelotypa glauca ______ (DV2:11)
    GLAUCA METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela)

  612. Adelotypa densemaculata  ______ (DV2:11)
    TAN METALMARK
    (Range: Nicaragua to Peru)


    Genus PARNES

  613. Parnes nycteis ______ (DV2:11)
    (Costa Rica to the Amazon basin)


    Genus PIXUS

  614. Pixus corculum  ______
    PIXUS METALMARK
    (Range: Guatemala to Colombia)


    Genus ROEBERELLA  - 
    misc

  615. Roeberella lencates ______ (DV2:11)
    LENCATES METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to the Amazon Basin in Brazil, also Trinidad)


    Genus CALEPHELIS: SCINTILLANT METALMARKS:  only in the Americas, mostly in the tropics, many species bewilderingly similar 

  616. Calephelis laverna  ______  EC  (DV2:12)
    Calephelis laverna laverna  ______ 
    (subspecies from Mexico to Brazil)
    LAVERNA CELEPHELIS
    (Range: Costa Rica to northern Brazil, also Trinidad) 

  617. Calephelis inca  ______  EC  (DV2:12)
    INCA CALEPHELIS
    (Range: Costa Rica to northern Brazil)

  618. Calephelis candiope  ______
    CANDIOPE CALEPHELIS
    (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

  619. Calephelis iris  ______  EC
    IRIS CALEPHELIS
    (Range: Guatemala to Colombia)

  620. Calephelis velutina  ______  (MCA:65)
    DARK CALEPHELIS 
    (or Temple Scintillant
    (Range: southern Mexico to Colombia)

  621. Calephelis nilius  ______ ARne  (MM:227)
    AR common name: Lineas Celestes  (translates to "Sky-blue Lines")


    Genus ARGYROGRAMMANA   misc

  622. Argyrogrammana stilbe  ______
    Argyrogrammana stilbe holosticta  ______  (DV2:text) (MCA:63) 
    (subspecies from Mexico to Peru)
    DOTTED METALMARK

  623. Argyrogrammana leptographia  ______
    BLUE-STAINED METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

  624. Argyrogrammana barine  ______
    BLUE-STUDDED METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

  625. Argyrogrammana venilia ______ (DV2:13)
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil) 


    Subfamily RIODINIDAE, Tribe SYMMACHIINI


    Genus ESTHEMOPSIS

  626. Esthemopsis alicia  ______  EC

  627. Esthemopsis jesse  ______  EC

  628. Esthemopsis colaxes  ______  EC

  629. Esthemopsis pherephatte  ______  EC


    Genus LUCILLELLA

  630. Lucillella camissa  ______  EC

  631. Lucillella suberra  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)  


    Genus MESENE:
    mostly South American, about 20 species.

     
  632. Mesene silaris  ______  EC  (DV2:13) (MCA:62)
    YELLOW METALMARK
    (or Yellow Geomark)
    (Range: southern Mexico to the Guianas & Peru)

  633. Mesene phareus  ______  EC  (F:255) (MCA:63) (S:102)
    Mesene phareus rubella ______
    (DV2:13) 
    (subspecies from Guatemala to Colombia)
    CELL-BARRED METALMARK
    (or Cell-barred Geomark)
    (Range: southern Mexico to Peru & Brazil) 

    Mesene phareus is strikingly beautiful, the male a deep red with black borders, the female a lighter color and larger.

  634. Mesene mygdon  ______
    RED METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil

  635. Mesene margaretta  ______
    ZEBRA-TIPPED METALMARK
    (Range: eastern Mexico to Colombia)

  636. Mesene leucophrys  ______  EC

  637. Mesene cyneas  ______  EC

  638. Mesene citrinella  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1995) 

  639. Mesene babosa  ______  EC  (either endemic to nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1995)

  640. Mesene nepticula  ______  EC

  641. Mesene nola  ______  EC

  642. Mesene margaretta  ______  EC

  643. Mesene monostigma ______ ARne  (MM:250)
    AR common name: Diminuta Manchada 
    (translates to "Spotted Tiny")

  644. Mesene pyrippe  ______
    Mesene pyrippe sanguilenta ______ ARne  (MM:251) 
    (subspecies in northeast Argentina)
    AR common name: Diminuta Narnja y Parda 
    (translates to "Orange and Brown Tiny")

  645. Mesene epaphus  ______  ARne  EC  (MM:252)
    AR common name: Diminuta Naranja  (translates to "Orange Tiny")

  646. Mesene simplex  ______
    Mesenes simplex celetes  ______  ARne  (MM:253) 
    (subspecies in northeast Argentina)
    AR common name: Diminuta Amarilla 
    (translates to "Yellow Tiny")


    Genus MESENOPSIS

  647. Mesenopsis bryaxis  ______
    YELLOW-CENTERED METALMARK
    (Range: Nicaragua to Colombia)

  648. Mesenopsis melanochlora  ______  EC  (DV2:13)
    ORANGE-STRIPED METALMARK
    (Range: Nicaragua to Bolivia)


    Genus PANAROPSIS 
    (genus created in 2002)

  649. Panaropsis elegans  ______  EC

  650. Panaropsis thrytira  ______  EC


    Genus XENANDRA  


  651. Xenandra helius  ______  EC
    Xenandra helius helius  ______  (DV2:9)
    RED-STRIPED METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to the Amazon basin)


    Genus XYNIAS

  652. Xynias lithosina  ______  EC
    Xynias lithosina lithosina  ______ 
    (subspecies in Brazil)
    Xynias lithosina christalia  ______
      (subspecies in Ecuador)
    Xynias lithosina cynosema  ______ 
    (subspecies in Bolivia)
    Xynias lithosina potaronus  ______ 
    (subspecies in Guyana)

  653. Xynias lilacina  (ph)  ______
    (Range: Peru)



    Xynias lilacina
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)



    Genus SYMMACHIA  

  654. Symmachia rubina ______  EC
    Symmachia rubina rubina  ______  (DV2:13) (MCA:63) 
    (subspecies from eastern Mexico to Colombia)
    RUBINA METALMARK 
    (or Square-tipped Fiestamark)
    (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)  

  655. Symmachia accusatrix ______  EC  (DV2:14) (MCA:63)
    ACCUSED METALMARK 
    (or Feathered Fiestamark)
    (Range: Mexico to Ecuador & Brazil)

  656. Symmachia probetor  ______  EC  (MCA:63)
    Symmachia probetor probetor  ______ (DV2:14) 
    (subspecies from Nicaragua to Colombia)
    RED-COSTA METALMARK 
    (or Red-lead Fiestamark)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil) 

  657. Symmachia threissa  ______
    Symmachia threissa threissa  ______ 
    (subspecies from Nicaragua to Colombia)
    WHITE-NOTCHED METALMARK

  658. Symmachia virgatula  ______
    GOLDEN-RED METALMARK
    (Range: southern Mexico to western Ecuador)

  659. Symmachia tricolor (or hademanni ______  EC  (MCA:62)
    TRICOLORED METALMARK 
    (or Tricolored Fiestamark)
    (Range: southern Mexico to Colombia)  

  660. Symmachia maeonius  ______  EC

  661. Symmachia falcistriga  ______  EC

  662. Symmachia suevia  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  663. Symmachia leena  ______  EC

  664. Symmachia calliste  ______  EC  

  665. Symmachia jugurtha  ______  EC

  666. Symmachia miron  ______  EC

  667. Symmachia arion  ______  EC

  668. Symmachia titiana  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  669. Symmachia phaedra  ______  EC

  670. Symmachia fassili  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so Ecuador, species described in 1995)  

  671. Symmachia triangularis  ______  EC

  672. Symmachia rubrica  ______  EC

  673. Symmachia hazelana  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1996)  

  674. Symmachia sepyra  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)  

  675. Symmachia menetas  ______ 
    Symmachia menetas menetas  ______  ARne  (MM:249) 
    (subspecies in northeast Argentina)
    AR common name: Simaquia Meridional 
    (this Spanish name from the scientific name, with reference to it being the southernmost species in its genus, translates to "Southern Simaquia"

    The book, "Butterflies of Missiones", published in 2003 indicates Symmachia menetas as being a first sighting of the species in Argentina.


    Genus PIRASCCA  (genus created in 1996)

  676. Pirascca arbuscula  ______
    Pirascca arbuscula arbuscula  ______ 
    (subspecies from Panama to the Guianas)
    ARBUSCULA METALMARK

  677. Pirascca phoenicura  ______
    DINGY METALMARK
    (Range: Nicaragua to Colombia)

  678. Pirascca tyriotes  ______  (MCA:62)
    GOLDEN-BANDED METALMARK
    (Range: southern Mexico to Brazil, including Trinidad)

  679. Pirascca iasas  ______  EC

  680. Pirascca polemistes  ______  EC  (species described in 1996)

  681. Pirascca sagaris  ______  EC

  682. Pirascca sticheli  ______  EC   


    Subfamily RIODINIDAE, Tribe NYMPHIDIINI

    and some miscellaneous, with uncertain taxonomy


    Genus STICHELIA

  683. Stichelia sagaris ______ (DV2:14)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil, also Trinidad) 


    Genus ANTEROS

    ANTEROS
    butterflies usually land with their wings closed.  

  684. Anteros allectus (or cumulatus) ______ (DV2:14)
    ROUNDED ANTEROS
    (Range: Costa Rica to western Ecuador)

  685. Anteros chrysoprastus ______ (DV2:14) (MCA:67)
    ELEGANT ANTEROS 
    (or Elegant Jewelmark
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil) 

  686. Anteros renaldus  ______ (DV2:14)  
    REGAL ANTEROS 
    (Range: Nicaragua to Brazil) 

  687. Anteros carausius ______ (C:333) 
    Anteros carausius carausius  ______  (DV2:14) (MCA:67) 
    (subspecies from Mexico to Colombia)
    CAROUSING ANTEROS 
    (or Carousing Metalmark or Carousing Jewelmark)
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)  

  688. Anteros formosus  ______  (DV2:14) (MCA:67)
    BLACK-BELLIED ANTEROS 
    (or Black-bellied Jewelmark)
    (Range: southern Mexico to Peru) 

  689. Anteros kupris  ______
    Anteros kupris kupris  ______  (DV2:15)
    (subspecies from Costa Rica to Ecuador) 
    GIANT ANTEROS
    (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia) 

  690. Anteros kupris  ______  EC

  691. Anteros cruentatus  (ph)  ______



    Anteros cruentatus
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)



    Genus SAROTA

    SAROTA
    butterflies usually land with their wings closed.

  692. Sarota subtessellata  ______
    REGAL SAROTA
    (Range: Costa Rica to western Colombia)  

  693. Sarota chrysus ______ (DV2:15) (MCA:67)
    STOLL'S SAROTA 
    (or Common Jewelmark)
    (Range: Mexico to the Guianas, and Bolivia & brazil, including Trinidadf)

  694. Sarota neglecta  ______  
    NEGLECTED SAROTA
    (Range: Costa Rica to northwestern Venezuela & western Ecuador)

  695. Sarota chocoensis  ______  (species described in 1998) 
    CHOCO SAROTA
    (Range: central Panama to western Ecuador)

  696. Sarota myrtea ______ (DV2:15) (MCA:67)
    GODMAN'S SAROTA 
    (or White-cheeked Jewelmark)
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina, including western Ecuador & Venezuela)

  697. Sarota spicata ______ (DV2:15)
    (Costa Rica to western Brazil)

  698. Sarota psaros  ______
    Sarota psaros psaros  ______ (DV2:15) (MCA:67) 
    (subspecies from southern Mexico to the Guianas) 
    GUATEMALAN SAROTA 
    (or Pearly Jewelmark)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil) 

  699. Sarota gyas ______ (DV2:15)
    GUYANAN SAROTA
    (Range: Colombia to Peru, Brazil, & the Guianas)

  700. Sarota acantus ______ (DV2:15)
    SIMPLE SAROTA
    (Range: Honduras to the  Guianas, and western Ecuador & Peru, including Trinidad) 


    Genus OUROCNEMIS

  701. Ourocnemis archytas  ______
    FALSE ANTEROS
    (Range: Panama to Surinam, eastern Ecuador, central Brazil, Paraguay) 


    Genus EMESIS  (taxonomy of tribe uncertain)

  702. Emesis tenedia  ______  EC  (DV2:17) (K:151) (MCA:71) (PE:text)
    FALCATE EMESIA 
    (or Falcate Metalmark)
    (Range: south Texas, USA to Brazil) 

  703. Emesis aurimna  ______  (MCA:71)
    WHITE-SPOTTED EMESIS 
    (or White-spotted Tanmark)
    (Range: southern Mexico to Colombia)

  704. Emesis glaucescens  ______
    WHITE-FROSTED EMESIS
    (Range: Colombia) 

  705. Emesis ocypore  ______  EC
    Emesis ocypore aethalis  ______  (DV2:16) (MCA:71) 
    (subspecies from Mexico to Colombia)
    Emesis ocypore zelotes ______  ARne  (MM:239) 
    (subspecies in northeast Argentina)
    DARK EMESIS 
    (or Dark Tanmark
    AR common name: Acrobata Morena  (translates to "Dark Acrobat")
    (Range: Mexico to northern Argentina)  

  706. Emesis lupina  ______  EC
    Emesis lupina lupina ______ (DV2:16) (MCA:73) 
    (subspecies from Mexico to Venezuela)
    LUPINA EMESIS 
    (or Little Tanmark)


  707. Emesis lucinda  ______  EC  (DV2:17)
    WHITE-PATCHED EMESIS
    (Range: Costa Rica to the Guianas & northern Brazil) 

  708. Emesis mandana  (ph)  ______  (MCA:72)
    Emesis mandana mandana  ______  (DV2:17) 
    (subspecies from Costa Rica to Brazil)
    GREAT EMESIS 
    (or Great Tanmark
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil) 



    Great Emesis
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  709. Emesis tegula  ______  (MCA:72)
    TEGULA EMESIS 
    (or Bow-winged Tanmark)
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia)

  710. Emesis fatimella  ______  EC
    Emesis fatiimella nobilata  ______  (DV2:17) (MCA:72) 
    (subspecies from Mexico to the Guianas, including Trinidad) 
    FATIMELLA EMESIS 
    (or Sharp Tanmark)
    (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia) 

  711. Emesis brimo  ______  EC
    Emesis brimo brimo  ______ 
    (subspecies in Panama & Colombia)
    BRIMO EMESIS

  712. Emesis cypria  ______  EC
    Emesis cypria paphia  ______ (DV2:17) (MCA:73) 
    (subspecies from Mexico to Colombia)
    ORANGE-STRIPED EMESIS 
    (or Orange-striped Tanmark)
    (Range: Mexico to Bolivia) 

  713. Emesis fastidiosa  (ph)  ______



    Emesis fastidiosa
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  714. Emesis eurydica  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  715. Emesis angularis  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  716. Emesis cerea  ______  EC

  717. Emesis sinuata  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  718. Emesis temesa  ______  EC

  719. Emesis heteroclita  ______  EC

  720. Emesis diogenia ______  ARne  (MM:237)
    AR common name: Diogenia 
    (re the name: Diogenia, in mythology, was Celeo's daughter.)  

  721. Emesis russula ______  ARne  (MM:238)
    AR common name: Acrobata Rojiza 
    (translates to "Reddish Acrobat")

  722. Emesis neemias ______  ARne  (MM:240)
    AR common name: Acrobata Brillantina 
    (translates to "Brilliant Acrobat")


    Genus ARICORIS

  723. Aricoris erostratus  ______  
    EROSTRATUS METALMARK
    (Range: Panama to Venezuela)

  724. Aricoris propitia  ______  EC


    Genus ARICONIAS

  725. Ariconias albinus  ______
    ALBINUS METALMARK
    (Range: Panama to Venezuela)


    Genus THISBE

  726. Thisbe irenea  (ph)  ______  EC  (DV2:18)
    IRENEA METALMARK
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)



    Irenea Metalmark
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)


  727. Thisbe lycorias  ______  EC  (DV2:18)
    BANNER METALMARK
    (Range: Mexico to the western Amazon basin in Peru)  

  728. Thisbe ucubis  ______
    UCUBIS METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

  729. Thisbe incubus  ______  EC  (species described in 2001)

  730. Thisbe hyalina  ______  EC


    Genus JUDITHA

  731. Juditha odites  ______  EC
    Juditha odites praeclarum  ______ 
    (subspecies from Costa Rica to western Ecuador)
    ODITES METALMARK 

  732. Juditha dorilis  ______  EC
    DORILIS METALMARK
    (Range: Nicaragua to western Ecuador) 

  733. Juditha caucana (or molpe ______  EC  (DV2:18) (MCA:75)
    MOLPE METALMARK 
    (another name is Common Lenmark)
    (Range: Mexico to western Ecuador)

  734. Juditha pulcherrima  ______  EC

  735. Juditha naza  ______  EC  (species described in 2001)

  736. Juditha azan  ______  EC


    Genus LEMONIAS

  737. Lemonias zygia  ______  EC


    Genus CATOCYCLOTIS

  738. Catocyclotis adelina  ______
    ADELINA METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to western Ecuador)

  739. Catocyclotis aemulius  ______  EC
    Catocyclotis aemulius adelina  ______  (DV2:18) 
    (subspecies from Costa Rica to Ecuador) 
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil) 

  740. Catocyclotis elpinice  ______  EC


    Genus SYNARGIS:
    Tailless mostly South American LYCAENIDS, often with an interesting black and white coloration.
     


    A butterfly in the Synargis genus in northern South America
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  741. Synargis ochra  ______  EC  (DV2:18)
    OCHRA METALMARK
    (Range: Guatemala to Peru) 

  742. Synargis phliasus  ______  EC
    Synargis phliasus velabrum  ______ 
    (subspecies from Honduras to Colombia)
    SISTER METALMARK

  743. Synargis phylleus ______ (DV2:19)
    (Range: Costa Rica to Peru) 

  744. Synargis palaeste ______ (DV2:19)
    PALAESTE METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia) 

  745. Synargis gela  ______  EC  (DV2:21)
    (Range: Costa Rica possibly, Ecuador to Brazil)

  746. Synargis tytia  ______  EC

  747. Synargis orestessa  ______  EC

  748. Synargis abaris  ______  EC

  749. Synargis mycone  ______  EC

  750. Synargis agle  ______  EC

  751. Synargis fenestrella  ______  EC

  752. Synargis chaonia  ______  EC

  753. Synargis calyce  ______  EC
    Synargis calyce brennus  ______ ARne  (MM:241) 
    (subspecies in northeast Argentina) 
    AR common name: Nemi 
    (this name is a Guarani word meaning "hidden")

  754. Synargis victrix  ______ ARne  (MM:242)
    AR common name: Demarcated Nemi


    Genus RODINIA

  755. Rodinia calpharnia  ______  EC  (DV2:20)
    FLAG-TAILED METALMARK
    (Range: Panama to Colombia) 


    Genus AUDRE

  756. Audre albina ______ (DV2:20)
    (Range: Costa Rica possibly, Panama to Venezuela)

  757. Audre gauchoana  ______ ARne  (MM:244)
    AR name: Colage Parda  (translates to "Brown Patchwork")

  758. Audre notialis  ______ ARne  (MM:245)
    AR name: Colage Irregular  (translates to "Irregular Patchwork"

  759. Audre chilensis  ______ ARne  (MM:246)
    AR name: Colage Meridional  (translates to "Southern Patchwork")


    Genus MENANDER

  760. Menander menander  ______  EC
    Menander menander purpurata  ______  (DV2:20) (MCA:74) 
    (subspecies from Mexico to Colombia)
    MENANDER METALMARK 
    (another name is Shining-blue Grayler)
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)  

  761. Menander pretus  ______  EC
    Menander pretus picta ______  (DV2:20) (MCA:74) 
    (subspecies from southern Mexico to Ecuador)
    CRAMER'S METALMARK 
    (another name is Greenish Grayler)
    (Range: Guatemala to Brazil) 

  762. Menander laobotas  ______  EC  (DV2:20)
    THREE-SPOTTED METALMARK
    (Range: Nicaragua to Ecuador)

  763. Menander hebrus  ______  EC

  764. Menander aldasi  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1995)  


    Genus PERIPLACIS: 
    Mostly South American LYCAENIDS with strongly angled wings, and with brown and blue coloration.

  765. Periplacis glaucoma  ______  EC  (DV2:20) (F:262)
    GLAUCOMA METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)


    Genus ADELOTYPA

  766. Adelotypa densemaculata  ______  EC

  767. Adelotypa curullis  ______  EC

  768. Adelotypa penthea  ______  EC

  769. Adelotypa trinitatis  ______  EC


    Genus CALOSPILA

  770. Calospila lucianus  ______  EC
    Calospila lucianus lucianus  ______ (DV2:21) 
    (subspecies from Costa Rica to the Guianas, and Trinidad)
    LUCIANUS METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil, also Trinidad) 

  771. Calospila asteria  ______
    ASTERIA METALMARK
    (Range: Panama to Colombia)

  772. Calospila cilissa  ______
    CILISSA METALMARK
    (Range: Honduras to Colombia) 

  773. Calospila pelarge  ______  (MCA:74)
    PELARGE METALMARK 
    (another name is Orange-inposted Grayler)
    (Range: southern Mexico to western Ecuador)

  774. Calospila hemileuca  ______  EC
    HEMILEUCA METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to western Ecuador) 

  775. Calospila trotschi  ______  (DV2:11)
    (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador) 

  776. Calospila parthaon  ______ (DV2:21)
    (Range: Mexico to Ecuador, also Trinidad) 

  777. Calospila emylius  ______  EC

  778. Calospila rhodope  ______  EC

  779. Calospila gyges  ______  EC

  780. Calospila thara  ______  EC


    Genus HYPOPHYLLA

  781. Hypophylla martia  ______  
    MARTIA METALMARK
    (Range: southeastern Mexico to Colombia)

  782. Hypophylla argenissa  ______
    DEEP-BLUE METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

  783. Hypophylla florus  ______  EC


    Genus LIVENDULA

  784. Livendula amasis  ______  EC


    Genus ARCHAEONYMPHA

  785. Archaeonympha urichi  ______  (species described in 1994)
    VAN WRIGHT'S METALMARK
    (Range: Panama, Trinidad) 


    Genus CALOCIASMA

  786. Calociasma lilina ______ (DV2:21)
    WHITE-POSTED METALMARK
    (Range: Mexico to Panama, also Trinidad)


    Genus SETABIS

  787. Setabis lagus ______  EC  (DV2:22) (MCA:62,74)
    LAGUS METALMARK 
    (another name is Common Setabis)
    (Range: Honduras to Brazil) 

  788. Setabis alcmaeon  ______  EC
    Setabis alcmaeon alcmaeon ______ (DV2:22) 
    (subspecies from Costa Rica to western Ecuador)
    BLUE-RAYED METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)

  789. Setabis epitus  ______EC

  790. Setabis myrtis  ______  EC

  791. Setabis pythia  ______  EC

  792. Setabis disparillis  ______  EC

  793. Setabis buckleyi  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  794. Setabis plagiaria  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  795. Setabis pythioides  ______  EC

  796. Setabis rhodinosa  ______  EC  (either endemic or near so to Ecuador)

  797. Setabis luceres  ______  EC


    Genus NYMPHIDIUM

  798. Nymphidium mantus  ______  EC  (C:357) (DV2:22)
    MANTUS METALMARK
      (also called Blue Nymphidium)
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil, also Trinidad)

  799. Nymphidium olinda ______ (DV2:22)
    OLINDA METALMARK
    (Range: Panama to Venezuela & Brazil)

  800. Nymphidium lenocinium  ______
    LENOCINIUM METALMARK
    (Range: southeastern Mexico to Colombia)

  801. Nymphidium azanoides  ______  EC
    Nymphidium azanoides occidentalis  ______  (DV2:22) 
    (subspecies from Costa Rica to western Ecuador)
    AZANOIDES METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)  

  802. Nymphidium ascolia  ______  EC
    Nymphidium ascolia ascolia  ______ (DV2:22) (MCA:75) 
    (subspecies from southern Mexico to Brazil)
    CREAMY METALMARK 
      (another name is Creamy Henmark)
    (Range: Mexico to Bolivia & Brazil)

  803. Nymphidium fulminans  ______
    Nymphidium fulminaus sardinata  ______ 
    (subspecies in Colombia)
    DUSKY METALMARK

  804. Nymphidium trinidadi  ______
    TRINIDAD METALMARK
    (Range: Trinidad)

  805. Nymphidium baeotia  ______  EC

  806. Nymphidium latibrunis  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1985)  

  807. Nymphidium cachrus  ______  EC

  808. Nymphidium balbinus  ______  EC

  809. Nymphidium chimborazium  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  810. Nymphidium leucosia  ______  EC

  811. Nymphidium acherois  ______  EC

  812. Nymphidium plinthobaphis  ______  EC

  813. Nymphidium caricae  ______  EC

  814. Nymphidium carmentis  ______  EC

  815. Nymphidium lisimon  ______  EC


    Genus THEOPE

  816. Theope nycteis  ______  EC
    EYED THEOPE
    (Range: Costa Rica to Argentina, also Trinidad(

  817. Theope archimedes  ______  EC  (species described in 1994)
    Theope archimedes zyzyxoxyx  ______ 
    (subspecies from Costa Rica to Venezuela)
    STRIATED THEOPE 

  818. Theope devriesi  ______  EC  (MCA:77)  (species described in 1996)
    DEVRIES' THEOPE
    (Range: southern Mexico to western Ecuador)

  819. Theope excelsa  ______  EC
    ELEGANT THEOPE
    (Range: Panama to the Guianas & Amazonas)

  820. Theope barea  ______  (MCA:77)
    PANAMANIAN THEOPE 
    (another name is Brown-posted Theope)
    (Range: southern Mexico, Nicaragua to Brazil)

  821. Theope mundula  ______
    STICHEL'S THEOPE
    (Range: Honduras to Brazil) 

  822. Theope speciosa  ______
    GLAZED THEOPE
    (Range: Costa Rica to western Ecuador)

  823. Theope pieridoides  ______  EC  (MCA:77)
    WHITE THEOPE
    (Range: southern Mexico to Brazil, also Trinidad)

  824. Theope cratylus  ______  (MCA:77)
    SCALLOP-PATCHED THEOPE
    (Range; southern Mexico to Colombia)

  825. Theope virgilius  ______  EC  (MCA:77)
    BLUE-BASED THEOPE 
    (another name is Common Theope)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil, also Trinidad & Netherlands Antilles) 

  826. Theope publius  ______   (MCA:77)
    Theope publius publius  ______ (DV2:23) 
    (subspecies from Nicaragua to Venezuela & Peru)
    BELL-BANDED THEOPE
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela & Peru)

  827. Theope bacenis (or mania ______  (MCA:77)
    CURVE-LINED THEOPE
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia)

  828. Theope basilea  ______  EC
    STRAIGHT-LINED THEOPE
    (Range: Costa Rica to western Ecuador) 

  829. Theope thebais  ______  (DV2:24)
    (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador & Brazil)

  830. Theope matuta  ______  (DV2:24)
    GIANT THEOPE
    (Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela)

  831. Theope phaeo  ______  EC  (DV2:24) (MCA:77)
    FALCATE THEOPE
    (Range: Mexico to the Amazon basin)  

  832. Theope pedias  ______  EC  (DV2:24) (MCA:77)
    YELLOW-BOTTOMED THEOPE 
    (another name is Extroverted Theope)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil, also Trinidad) 

  833. Theope thestias  ______  EC  (DV2:24)
    (Range: Nicaragua to Bolivia) 

  834. Theope lycaenina  ______  EC  (DV2:25)
    GRAY THEOPE
    (Range: Costa Rica to eastern Brazil, also Trinidad)

  835. Theope acosma  ______  
    TAWNY THEOPE
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)

  836. Theope eudocia  ______  EC  (DV2:24) (S:102)
    ORANGE THEOPE 
    (Range: Honduras to Brazil, also Trinidad) 

    Theope eudocia has a darting flight and settles on the undersides of leaves. The green caterpillar feeds on foliage of cacao.

  837. Theope decorata  ______
    PAINTED THEOPE
    (Range: Nicaragua to Brazil)

  838. Theope leucanthe  ______  EC
    FADED THEOPE
    (Range; Panama to Peru & Brazil, also Trinidad)

  839. Theope foliorum  ______  EC
    PLAIN THEOPE
    (Range: Panama to Paraguay & Brazil, also Trinidad)

  840. Theope wallacei  ______  EC  (species described in 1998)
    WALLACE'S THEOPE
    (Range: Panama to the Guianas & Peru)

  841. Theope pepo  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1994)

  842. Theope aureonitens  ______  EC

  843. Theope dabrerae  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1996)

  844. Theope eupolis  ______  EC

  845. Theope sisemina  ______  EC

  846. Theope iani  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1994)

  847. Theope nodosus  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1999) 

  848. Theope theritas  ______  EC

  849. Theope thootes  ______  EC

  850. Theope sticheli  ______  EC  (species described in 1998)

  851. Theope busbyi  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1998)

  852. Theope batesi  ______  EC  (species described in1998) 


    The taxonomy of the following genera is uncertain as to tribe (through ROEBERELLA).


    Genus ARGYROGRAMMANA

  853. Argyrogrammana barine  ______  EC

  854. Argyrogrammana physis  ______  EC

  855. Argyrogrammana venilia  ______  EC

  856. Argyrogrammana natalita  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1995)

  857. Argyrogrammana pacsa  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1998)

  858. Argyrogrammana caelestina  ______  EC  (species described in 1995)

  859. Argyrogrammana aparamilla  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1995)

  860. Argyrogrammana celata  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1995)

  861. Argyrogrammana bonita  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1995)

  862. Argyrogrammana saphirina  ______  EC

  863. Argyrogrammana trochilia  ______  EC

  864. Argyrogrammana rameli  ______  EC

  865. Argyrogrammana johannismarci  ______  EC  (species described in 1995)

  866. Argyrogrammana pastaza  ______  EC  (species described in 1996)

  867. Argyrogrammana leptographia  ______  EC

  868. Argyrogrammana glaucopis  ______  EC

  869. Argyrogrammana subota  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  870. Argyrogrammana stilbe  ______  EC

  871. Argyrogrammana sublimis  ______  EC  (species described in 1995)

  872. Argyrogrammana crocea  ______  EC


    Genus ECHYDNA 
    (genus created in 2002)

  873. Echydna punctata  ______  EC


    Genus CALYDNA

  874. Calydna venusta  ______  EC

  875. Calydna lusca  ______  EC 

  876. Calydna cea  ______  EC

  877. Calydna sturnula  ______  EC

  878. Calydna carnela  ______  EC

  879. Calydna hiria  ______  EC

  880. Calydna catana  ______  EC

  881. Calydna cabira  ______  EC


    Genus COMPHOTIS

  882. Comphotis apachita  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)


    Genus IMELDA

  883. Imelda mycea  ______  EC


    Genus PACHYTHONE

  884. Pachythone analuciae  ______  EC  (species described in 1999)


    Genus MACHAYA 
    (genus created in 1995)

  885. Machaya obstinata  ______  EC  (species described in 1995)


    Genus PSEUDOTINEA 
    (genus created in 2003)

  886. Pseudotinea volcanicus  ______  EC  (species described in 1997)


    Genus ROEBERELLA

  887. Robeberella lencates  ______  EC    


    Subfamily RIODININAE, Tribe STALACHTINI 


    Genus STALACHTIS

  888. Stalachtis calliope  ______  EC

  889. Stalachtis euterpe  ______  EC

  890. Stalachtis phaedusa  ______  EC

  891. Stalachtis magdalena  ______
    TIGER METALMARK
    (Range: Panama & Colombia)    


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