PO Box 9021, Wilmington, DE 19809, USA
E-mail: font@focusonnature.com
Phone: Toll-free in USA 1-800-721-9986
 or 302/529-1876

 

Part 3 of a List of selected 

South America
Butterflies
and Moths

Noting those during
Focus On Nature Tours

in Argentina
Brazil
Chile 
Ecuador
Venezuela
A List of South America Butterflies in 5 Parts compiled by Armas Hill


In the following Part #3: Hairstreaks & Blues (Lycaenidae), Metalmarks (Riodinidae)  

Links to other Butterfly groupings:

Part #1 - Swallowtails (Papilionidae)

Part #2 - Whites, Yellows, Sulphurs, Marbles (Pieridae)

Part #4 - Brushfoots (Nymphalidae)

Part #5 - Skippers (Hesperlidae)



Codes relating to illustrations in various books:

Numbers noted as (AZ:xx) refer to pages in "Butterflies of Arizona - A Photographic Guide", by Bob Stewart, Priscilla Brodkin, & Hank Brodkin (with fine photographs).

Numbers noted as (BB:xx) refer to pages in "Butterflies of Buenos Aires (Argentina)", by Gustavo Canals

Numbers noted as (C:xx) refer to pages in "A World of Butterflies", with text by Brian Cassie, and photographs (superb) by Kjell Sandved

Numbers noted as (DV1:xx) refer to plates in "The Butterflies of Costa Rica and their Natural History (Volume 1): Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae", by Philip J. DeVries

Numbers noted as (DV2:xx) refer to plates in "The Butterflies of Costa Rica and their Natural History (Volume 2): Riodinidae", by Philip J. DeVries.    

Numbers noted as (DA:xx) refer to pages in "Butterflies Of South America", by Bernard D'Abrera    

Numbers noted as (F:xx) refer to pages in "The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Butterflies", by Dr. John Feltwell  

Numbers noted as (K:xx) refer to pages in the "Kaufman Focus Guide to Butterflies of North America", by Jim Brock & Kenn Kaufman

Numbers noted as (MM:xx) refer to pages in "Mariposas (Butterflies) of Missiones (Argentina)", by Gustavo Canals  

Numbers noted as (PE:xx) refer to plates in the "Peterson Field Guides to Eastern Butterflies", by Paul Opler & Vichai Malikul, 1998 edition. Those noted as (PEp:xx) refer to a page with a photograph.

Numbers noted as (PW:xx) refer to plates in the "Peterson Field Guide to Western Butterflies", by Paul Opler & illustrated by Amy Bartlett Wright, 1999 edition. Those noted as (PWp:xx) refer to a page with a photograph. 

Numbers noted as (RG:xx) refer to pages in "Butterflies of the Lower Rio Grande Valley" by Roland Wauer.

Numbers noted as (S:xx) refer to pages in the "Smithsonian Handbook, Butterflies & Moths", by David Carter.


Additional Codes:

AR:  in Argentina
BR:  in Brazil
CH:  in Chile
EC:  in Ecuador
VE:  in Venezuela

BUTTERFLIES OBSERVED DURING FONT TOURS NOTED BY AN (*) AFTER THE 2-LETTER COUNTRY CODE.


Other Links:

Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours in South America in Brazil

Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours in South America in Argentina & Chile

Lists & Photo Galleries of Birds, including those during FONT Tours in South America

Lists & Photo Galleries of Mammals & Other Wildlife, relating to FONT Tours in South America

Lists of Photo Galleries of Amphibians & Reptiles, including those during FONT Tours in South America


Directory of Photos in this Website, in this list & others



          Family LYCAENIDAE  (GOSSAMER WINGS): including: HAIRSTREAKS, BLUES
 
          Throughout the world but mostly in tropical and subtropical regions. 
          The sexes often differ in coloration, and the undersides usually differ from the upper surfaces.

           Among several distinct groups are the HAIRSTREAKS, 
           with tails and bright eyespot markings on the hindwings, creating a "false head" at the rear, to divert attackers.
 
           Thus far, worldwide, about 5,000 species in this family have been discovered and named. 
           Caterpillars of many of these species are closely associated with ants.


          Genus ALLOMAITIA

  1. Allomaitia strophius (formerly A. pion) ______ (PE:text)
    Strophius Hairstreak
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)


     Genus ATLIDES: Found mainly in South America


    Genus REKOA:     A small genus of blue butterflies in Central & South America. 

  2. Rekoa marius ______ (PE:text)
    Marius Hairstreak
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)

  3. Rekoa palegon ______ ARne   (MM:191) (PE:text)
    Gold-bordered Hairstreak      (another name has been Palegon Hairstreak) 
     AR common name: Azul Banda Curva  (translates to "Curve-banded Blue") 
         (Range: Mexico to Argentina)

  4. Rekoa malina ______ ARne  (MM:192)
    AR common name: Azul Banda Recta  (translates to "Straight-banded Blue")
  5. Rekoa stagira ______ ARne  (MM:193)
    AR common name:  Aristolteles  ("Aristotle")     (regarding the scientific name, Stagira is the city where Aristotle was born.)  

    Genus CHLOROSTRYMON

  6. Chlorostrymon telea ______ (PE:text)
    Telea Hairstreak
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)

  7. Chlorostrymon simaethis  ______  (K:117) (PE:13)
    Chlorostrymon simaethis sarita  ______  ARne  (MM:202)      (subspecies in northeast Argentina)
    Silver-banded Hairstreak      (or Simaethis Hairstreak)
    AR common name: Banda de Plata  (translates to "Silver Band", referring to the silver band on the ventral surface) 
    (Range: southern US to Argentina, also West Indies) 


     Genus OCARIA

  8. Ocaria ocrisia ______ ARne  (MM:199)  (PE:text)
    Black Hairstreak
    AR common name: Ocrisia      (the name of a noble Roman, Servio Tulio's mother, the 6th Roman emperor) 
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina)


    Genus CYANOPHRYS: TROPICAL GREEN HAIRSTREAKS

  9. Cyanophrys acaste ______  ARne  (MM:194)
    AR common name: Acasto      (in Greek mythology, Acasto was the son of Pelias) 

  10. Cyanophrys herodotus ______ ARne  (K:117) (MM:195) (PE:13)
    Tropical Greenstreak     (or Tropical Green Hairstreak) 
    AR common name: Herodoto  (the name referring to Herodoto, a Greek historian in the 5th Century BC)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil  & northeast Argentina)

  11. Cyanophrys remus ______ ARne  (MM:196)
    Double-lined Emerald  
         AR common name: Remo

    Genus ARCAS
  12. Arcas imperialis ______ (C:343)
    Imperial Hairstreak
    (Range: southernmost Mexico to northern South America) 


    Genus THECLA:     Traditionally, a large genus of hairstreaks in Central & South America. Relatively small, some with tails and bright coloration. Usually live in lightly wooded and sunny habitats.

          
  13. Thecla conchylium ______ ARne  (MM:200)
    Little Snail
  14. Thecla sophocles ______ ARne  (MM:205)
    Sofocles     (re the name: Sofocles was 1 of the 3 most important Greek playwrights, 496-406 BC) 


    Genus XAMIA:     Mostly South American tailed butterflies with muted orange colors. Breed on succulents.  


    Genus EVENUS
  15. Evenus (formerly incorrectly in Thecla) coronata ______ (S:88)
    Hewitson's Blue Hairstreak


    Genus PARRHASIUS

  16. Parrhasius orgia 
    Parrhasius orgia orgia ______ ARne  (MM:197)     (subspecies in northeast Argentina) 
    Turquoise-M Hairstreak
    AR common name: Orgia

  17. Parrhasius m-album ______ (K:93) (PE:15) (S:92)
    White M Hairstreak

    There are closely related butterflies to Parrhasius m-album in the mountains of Central & South America. 


     Genus OENOMAUS: Hairstreaks of North & South America, relatively large and with iridescent colors. Live in lightly wooded areas.

     
  18. Oenomaus ortygnus ______ (PE:text)
    Aquamarine Hairstreak
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)

  19. Oenomaus rustan ______ (F:260)
    (Range: Honduras to Brazil)


     Genus TMOLUS: Dimorphic tailed hairstreaks with dark uppers and light undersides. 

  20. Tmolus echion ______  ARne  (F:278) (K: 119) (MM:206) (PE:13)
    Red-spotted Hairstreak     (other names: Echion Hairstreak, Four-spotted Hairstreak, Larger Lantana Butterfly)
    AR common name: Tmolos  (in mythology, Tmolos was the father of Tantalo) 
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil & northeast Argentina)

    Tmolus echion is introduced into some places, such as Mexico & Hawaii, to control lantana, its caterpillar food plant.


    Genus MINISTRYMON: HAIRSTREAKS of North & South America that have adaptations for living in deserts. Breed on mesquites, spiny trees, and shrubs of the Proposis genus, which grow in deserts, especially by watercourses. The colors of the butterflies are blue, gray, and black.  

  21. Ministrymon azia ______  CH  (K:119) (PE:13)
    Gray Ministreak     (or Azia Hairstreak)
    CH common name: Licena Invasora
    (Range: south Texas to southern Brazil, also West Indies. In Chile, from Arica to Atacama)

    Ministrymon azia lives in arid places. It favors thorn scrub and matorral.

  22. Ministrymon una ______ ARne  (MM:204)
    Pale Ministreak
     AR common name: Frotadora Palida      (translates to "Pale Rubber")

  23. Ministrymon quebradivaga  ______  CH
     CH common name: Licena de la Quebrada
    (Range: in Chile, in the valleys of Arica and Tarapaca)
    Ministrymon quebradivaga     flies above treetops.


    Genus EISELIANA
  24. Eiseliana bicolor  ______  CH
     Bicolored Hairstreak
     CH common name: Licena de Dos Colores
         (Range: in Chile, from Atacama to Biobio, where it is common near flowers and flowering shrubs)

    Genus HEODA

  25. Heoda wagenknecti  ______  CH
     CH common name: Licena de Wagenknect
         (Range: in Chile, from Atacama to Coquimbo, in a variety of habitats)
    Heoda wagenkncecti is gray with a large spot of orange on the wings. 
  26. Heoda nivea  ______  CH
     CH common name: Licena Nevada
     (Range: in Chile, from Coquimbo to Aisen, in Andean foothills)   
    Heoda nivea is brown. 


    Genus SIDERUS
  27. Siderus tephraeus ______ (PE:text)
    Pearly-gray Hairstreak      (has also been called Tephraeus Hairstreak) 
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)


     Genus CALYCOPIS: Small, tailed LYCAENIDS, mostly in South America. 
  28. Calycopis isobeon ______ (PE:13)
    Dusky Blue Groundstreak         (or Dusky-blue Hairstreak)
    (Range: Texas to Venezuela)


     Genus ELECTROSTRYMON

  29. Electrostrymon sangala (or cyphara) ______ (K:103) (PE:13)
    Ruddy Hairstreak
    (Range: south Texas to Venezuela)

  30. Electrostrymon canus ______ (K:103) (PE:text) 
    Muted Hairstreak
    (Range: south Texas to Peru)

  31. Electrostrymon endymion ______  ARne  (MM:201)
    Endymion Hairstreak      
    (re the name:     Endymion in Greek mythology was a shepherd who lulled in perpetual sleep.)  


    Genus STRYMON: SCRUB HAIRSTREAKS: In both North & South America. Butterflies exhibit seasonal variation. 

  32. Strymon melinus ______ (C:181) (F:274) (K: 93) (PE:15) (S:90)  
    Gray Hairstreak
    (Range: southern Canada to South America)

    Strymon melinus is widely distributed in North & Central America, living in many different types of open habitat. It has been recorded breeding on over 50 species of plants.
  33. Strymon rufofusca ______ (K:123) (PE:15)
    Red-crescent Scrub-Hairstreak     (or Reddish Hairstreak)
    (Range: south Texas to Argentina, also Grenada)

  34. Strymon yojoa ______ (K:123) (PE:15)
    Yojoa (Scrub-)Hairstreak
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)

  35. Strymon albata ______ (F:273) (K:123) (PE:15)
    White (Scrub-)Hairstreak
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)

    Strymon albata is a migrant, with some flights from Central America reaching the southern US. 
  36. Strymon istapa (or columella) ______ (K:121) (PE:14)
    Mallow (Scrub-)Hairstreak
    (Range: southern US to South America)

  37. Strymon bazochii ______ ARne  (K:123) (MM:207) (PE:15)
    Lantana Scrub-Hairstreak     (or Bazochii Hairstreak) 
    AR common name: Azul del Camara  ("Smaller Lantana Butterfly") (refers to one of the host plants, Lantana camara)
    (Range: south Texas to Paraguay & northeast Argentina, also Greater Antilles)
  38. Strymon mulucha ______ ARne  (MM:208)
    AR common name: Frotadora Linea Blanca      (translates to "White Line Rubber", refers to the white hyphen on the forewings below)
  39. Strymon astiocha ______ ARne  (MM:209)
    AR: common name: Astiocha
  40. Strymon eurytulus ______ ARne  CH  (MM:210)
    Scrub Hairstreak
     AR common name: Frotadora      (translates to "Rubber", referring to a peculiar behavior as this butterfly drinks) 
    CH common name: Licena Tornasol Comun 
    (Range: in Chile, from Atacama to Chiloe, in woodlands, fields, and gardens)
  41. Strymon crambusa  ______  CH
    CH common name: Licena de Atacama
         (Range: in Chile, along the Atacama coast near Caldera, where it is rare)

  42. Strymon megarus ______ ARne  (MM:211)
    AR common name: Taladro de la Pina      ("Pineapple Drill", refers to the host plant) 


    Subfamily POLYOMMATINAE: BLUES

    Very small butterflies, mostly blue above. Females of many are browner.


    Genus ITYLOS

  43. Itylos titicaca  ______  CH
    Dwarf Blue
    CH common name:  Licena enana
    (Range: in Chile, from Arica to Antofagasta; also in Peru & Bolivia)

    Itylos titicaca is found in Astagalus milk vetch on the puna steppe, and in bofedales and Polylepis groves above 10,000 feet.


    Genus LEPTOTES

     
  44. Leptotes cassius ______ ARne  (K:127) (MM:215) (PE:16) (S:99) 
    Cassius Blue
    AR common name: Azul Litacea  
    (Range: southern US to South America, also West Indies)

    Males of Leptotes cassius are a light lilac-blue, females are mainly white.

  45. Leptotes trigemmatus  ______  CH
    Tamarugo Blue
    CH common name: Licena del Tamarugo
    (Range: in Chile, from Arica to Santiago)

    The larvae of Leptotes trigemmatus live in association with ants. The larvae feed on buds, flowers, and leaves, of Prosopis tamarugo, a tree cultivated for fodder in the Atacama Desert. These larvae are a major food source for the bird known as the Tamarugo Conebill.
         

    Genus ZIZULA: A genus of Blues 

  46. Zizula cyna ______ ARne  (F:279) (K:127) (MM:213) (PE:15)
    Cyna Blue
    AR common name: Miri      (a Guarani word meaning "small")
    (Range: south Texas to Argentina)

     Zizula cyna occurs in deserts and scrubby areas. It is one of the smallest butterflies. They sway from side to side when perched.


     Genus PSEUOLUCIA:  There are 21 species in this genus in Chile. They come in a broad range of colors, ranging from blue to brown to silver, often with orange, white, or brown patterns and an overlay of blue to silver iridescence. 
    Females and males differ in color or markings in most species.
  47. Pseuolucia chilensis  ______  CH
    CH common name: Licena Morena
    (Range: in Chile, from Atacama to Santiago)

  48. Pseuolucia collina  ______  CH
    CH common name: Licena Celeste
    (Range: in Chile, from Coquimbo to Nuble)

    Pseudolucia collina butterflies are often seen resting on the ground, or flying around flowers and shrubs in open areas in the foothills.  

  49. Pseudolucia lyrnessa  ______  CH
    CH common name: Licena Confusa
    (Range: in Chile, from Coquimbo to Biobio)

  50. Pseudolucia aureliana  ______  CH
    Aurelian Blue
    (Range: in Chile, in the Atacama Mountains)

    Both males and females of the Aurelian Blue are a deep lustrous blue with checkered fringes. 
    The species is named for "the Aurelian", a short story in which Pilgrim, an ardent butterfly collector, is unable to fulfill his dream of journeying to the tropics.

  51. Pseudolucia charlotte  ______  CH
    Charlotte's Blue
    (Range: in Patagonian areas of Argentina & Chile)

    Pseudolucia charlotte     is named for Lolita's mother, Charlotte.

  52. Pseudolucia hazeorum  ______  CH
    CH common name: Licena de los Haze
    (Range: in Chile, in the Andes above 6,500 feet above sea level)

  53. Pseudolucia whitakeri  ______  CH
    Whitaker's Blue
    (Range: in Chile and Argentina in Patagonia) 

  54. Pseudolucia zembla  ______  CH
    Zembla Blue
    (Range: in Chile, in the Andes)     


    Genus HEMIARGUS:     Commonly called "eyed blues", these butterflies occur in both North & South America. The common name is from 2 or 3 eye-spots on the undersides of the hindwings. 
    They breed on a wide variety of members of the pea family, Leguminosae.

       
  55. Hemiargus ceraunus ______ (K:129) (PE:15)
    Ceraunus Blue
    (Range: southern US to South America, also West Indies)

  56. Hemiargus hanno ______ ARne  (MM:214)
    AR common name: Miri Manchada  ("Spotted Miri")      (the spots are on the hind wings below) 


     Genus CELASTRINA: AZURES


    Subfamily RIODINIDAE: METALMARKS (named for the gold, silver, or copper-colored metallic scales on the wings of many of the species) 

    About 1,300 species are known, found mainly in the American tropics. A few in North America extend south into Mexico.
    Habitually, these butterflies land on the undersides of foliage, with their wings spread wide open. 


    Genus HADES:     mostly South American metalmarks with rounded wings

            
  57. Hades noctula ______ (DV2:1) (F:237)
    White-rayed Metalmark
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)


     Genus METHONE

  58. Methone cecilia ______ (DV2:1)
    (Range: Costa Rica to the Amazon basin) 


    Genus EUSELASIA:      A large group of over 100 species of metalmarks in Central and South America. They often sexually dimorphic, and often have a pattern of lines and waves on their undersides.
  59. Euselasia bettina ______ (DV2:1)
    (Range: Nicaragua to Ecuador)

  60. Euselasia corduena ______ (DV2:1)
    (Range: Costa Rica to Peru) 

  61. Euselasia labdacus ______ (DV2:2)
    (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia) 

  62. Euselasia eucrates leucorrhoa ______ (DV2:2)  (subspecies from Costa Rica to Venezuela)
    (subspecies from Costa Rica to Venezuela)
    Mousy Metalmark
    (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia) 

  63. Euselasia gyda ______ (DV2:2)
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil) 

  64. Euselasia midas ______ (DV2:3)
    (Range: Costa Rica to Peru & Brazil) 

  65. Euselasia euoras ______ (DV2: text)
    (Range: Costa Rica & Colombia, Ecuador, Peru)

  66. Euselasia aurantiaca ______ (DV2:3)
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela) 

  67. Euselasia angulata ______ (DV2:3)
    (Range: Mexico & Costa Rica, Colombia to Brazil)

  68. Euselasia onorata ______ (DV2:3)
    (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)

  69. Euselasia hygenius occulta ______ ARne  (MM:216)  (subspecies in northeast Argentina)
    AR common name: Simuladora      (translates to "Pretender", referring to the similarity with some SATYRINAE)

  70. Euselasia utica ______ ARne  (MM:217)
    Orange Nemi  (Nemi     is a Guarani word meaning hidden. The butterfly rests on the underside of leaves, with wings folded.) 

  71. Euselasia eugeon ______ ARne  (MM:218)
    Yellow Legs
    AR common name: Patas Amarillas  ("Yellow Legs")

    Genus PEROPTHALMA

  72. Peropthalma tullius ______ (DV2:3)
    (Mexico to Brazil)


     Genus LEUCOCHIMONA

  73. Leucochimona vestalis ______ (DV2:4)
    (Guatemala to Ecuador) 

  74. Leucochimona lagora ______ (DV2:4)
    (Nicaragua to Ecuador & the Guianas)


    Genus MESOSEMIA:     More than 60 species in mostly South America, characterized by quite prominent eye-spots on the forewing, giving a face-like appearance. Unusual for butterflies, they tend to hop through vegetation rather than fly.
  75. Mesosemia hesperina ______ (DV2:4)
    (Costa Rica to Venezuela)

  76. Mesosemia telegone ______ (DV2:5)
    (Mexico to Peru)   

  77. Mesosemia odice ______ ARne  (MM:219)
    Little Eyes
    AR common name: Ojitos  ("Little Eyes")


    Genus NAPAEA

  78. Napaea eucharila ______ (DV2:5)
    (Mexico to Brazil)

  79. Napaea theages ______ (DV2:5)
    (Nicaragua to Ecuador) 

  80. Napaea umbra ______ (DV2:5)
    (Mexico to Brazil)


    Genus EURYBIA:     dark-colored Neotropical metalmarks with a conspicuous eye-spot on the forewing.

  81. Eurybia caerulescens ______ (DV2:6)
    (Costa Rica to Venezuela) 

  82. Eurybia lycisia ______ (DV2:6) (F:234)
    (Mexico to Ecuador)

    The distinctive feature of Eurybia lycisia is the iridescent blue hindwing edged in black.

  83. Eurybia unxia ______ (DV2:6)
    (Costa Rica to Bolivia & Brazil)  

  84. Eurybia elvina ______ (DV2:6)
    (Mexico to Brazil) 

  85. Eurybia tephrias ______ ARne  (MM:221)
    AR common name: Goteada      ("Dripped", referring to the butterfly's white spots) 


    Genus VOLTINIA

  86. Voltinia theata ______ (DV2:6)
    (Costa Rica to Ecuador)


     Genus HERMATHENA

  87. Hermathena candidata ______ (DV2:6)
    (Costa Rica to Bolivia)


     Genus CYRENIA

  88. Cyrenia martia ______ (DV2:6)
    (Costa Rica to Brazil) 


    Genus LYPOTERYX:     Some 23 species of metalmarks in Central & South America.
  89. Lyroteryx lyra ______ (DV2:7) (F:252)
    (Mexico to Ecuador & Brazil) 

    Lyroteryx lyra is one of the larger metalmarks. 


    Genus CHORINEA

  90. Chorinea octauius ______ (DV2:7)
    (Guatemala to Brazil)  

  91. Chorinea heliconides ______ ARne  (MM:224)
    AR common name: Puntilla Negra  ("Black Lace")


    Genus ITHOMEIS

  92. Ithomeis eulema ______ (DV2:7)
    (Costa Rica to Venezuela) 


     Genus MONETHE
  93. Monethe rudolphus ______ (DV2:7)
    (Nicaragua to Guyana) 


     Genus CREMNA

  94. Cremna thasus ______ (DV2:7)
    (Mexico to Brazil) 


     Genus NOTHEME

  95. Notheme erota  ______
    Notheme erota diadema ______ (DV2:7)     (subspecies from Mexico to Peru)
    Notheme erota angelius ______ ARne  (MM:225)     (subspecies in northeast Argentina)
    Small Round
    (Mexico to Argentina) 


    Genus ANCYLURIS:     Mostly South American, up to 20 species.

     Many are black with contrasting red or white bands on the upperwings.  

  96. Ancyluris tedea ______ ARne  (MM:222)
    Red Ribbon 
    (in the book "Butterflies of Misiones", 2003: the first mention of the species in Argentina) 


    Genus RHETUS:     4 mostly South American species with long hindwings. 

  97. Rhetus dysonii ______ (DV2:8)
    (Costa Rica to Brazil) 

  98. Rhetus arcius ______ (DV2:8) (F:268)
    (Mexico to Bolivia & Brazil) 

  99. Rhetus periander ______  (DV2:8)
    Rhetus periander eleusinus ______ ARne      (MM:223)     (subspecies in northeast Argentina) 
    Eleusinian      (re the name: Eleusinian inhabited Eleusis, an Attica port nw of Athens) 
    (Mexico to Argentina)   


     Genus LEPRICORNIS

  100. Lepricornis strigosa ______ (DV2:8)
    (Costa Rica to Peru) 


    Genus SYRMATIA:     Mostly South American metalmarks, having an unmistakable shape with incredibly long, drawn-out hindwings.

      
  101. Syrmatia nyx ______ (DV2:9)
    (Costa Rica to Brazil, also Trinidad)

  102. Syrmatia aethiops ______ (DV2:9)
    (Costa Rica to Brazil)


     Genus CHAMAELIMNAS 
  103. Chamaelimnas villagomes ______ (DV2:9)
    (Costa Rica possibly to Ecuador) 


     Genus EXOPLISIA 

  104. Exoplisia cadmeis ______ (DV2:9)
    (Honduras to Peru)

  105. Exoplisia hypochalbe ______ (DV2:9)
    (Nicaragua possibly, and Peru & Bolivia)


     Genus ISAPIS

  106. Isapis agyrtus ______ (DV2:9)
    (Mexico to Brazil)


    Genus MELANIS :  called "Mulattos" in Argentina
  107. Melanis pixe ______ (C:327) (DV2:9) (K:151) (PE:17)
    Red-bordered Pixie     (or Pixie)
    (Texas (lower Rio Grande valley) to Brazil) 

  108. Melanis electron ______ (DV2:9)
    (Guatemala to Venezuela, also Trinidad)  

  109. Melanis xenia ______ ARne  (MM:234)
    Toothed Mulatto      ("toothed" refers to the irregular bands on the dorsal surface)  

  110. Melanis smithiae ______ ARne  (MM:235)
    Orange-tipped Mulatto

  111. Melanis aegates cretiplaga ______ ARne  (MM:236)
    White-spotted Mulatto


    Genus XENANDRA

  112. Xenandra helius ______ (DV2:9)
    (Costa Rica to the Amazon basin)


     Genus METACHARIS

  113. Metacharis victrix ______ (DV2:10)
    (Nicaragua to Ecuador)


    Genus ESTHEMOPSIS:     About 15 species of metalmark butterflies, mostly in South America.
  114. Esthemopsis colaxes ______ (DV2:10)
    (Costa Rica to Ecuador)


     Genus CARIA
  115. Caria rhacotis ______ (DV2:10)
    (Guatemala to Peru)

  116. Caria lampeto ______ (DV2:10)
    (Mexico to Bolivia)

  117. Caria domitianus ______ (DV2:10)
    (Mexico to Venezuela, also Trinidad) 

  118. Caria castalia marsyas ______ ARne  (MM:232)
    Brilliantine     (referring to its brilliant green coloration)
    (subspecies marsyas: northeast Argentina) 

  119. Caria plutargus ______ ARne  (MM:233)
    Brilliantine and Orange      (with orange spots)


    Genus BAEOTIS

  120. Baeotis nesaea ______ (DV2:10)
    (Costa Rica to Peru)

  121. Baeotis zonata zonata ______ (DV2:10) (subspecies from Mexico to Venezuela)
    (Mexico to Venezuela, also Trinidad) 

  122. Baeotis sulphurea ______ (DV2:10)
    (Mexico to Ecuador) 


     Genus PARCELLA
  123. Parcella amarynthina amarynthina ______ (DV2:10) (subspecies from Costa Rica possibly & Panama to eastern Brazil)
    (Costa Rica possibly to Argentina) 


     Genus CHARIS

  124. Charis auius ______ (DV2:11)
    (Costa Rica to Brazil)

  125. Charis gynaea ______ (DV2:11)
    (Costa Rica to Brazil)

  126. Charis hermodora ______ (DV2:11)
    (Costa Rica to Venezuela, also Trinidad)


    Genus ADELOTYPA:     About 30 small butterflies mostly in South America

  127. Adelotypa glauca ______ (DV2:11)
    (Costa Rica to Venezuela)

  128. Adelotypa densemaculata ______ (DV2:11)
    (Nicaragua to Peru)


     Genus PARNES
  129. Parnes nycteis ______ (DV2:11)
    (Costa Rica to the Amazon basin)


     Genus ROBERELLA
  130. Roberella lencates ______ (DV2:11)
    (Costa Rica to the Amazon basin, also Trinidad)


     Genus CALOSPILA
  131. Calospila trotschi ______ (DV2:11)
    (Costa Rica to Ecuador)


    Genus CALEPHELIS: SCINTILLANT METALMARKS:      only in the Americas, mostly in the tropics, many species bewilderingly similar 

  132. Calephelis laverna parva ______ (DV2:12)
    (Costa Rica to northern Brazil, also Trinidad) (subspecies: Costa Rica)

  133. Calephelis inca ______ (DV2:12)
    (Costa Rica to northern Brazil)

  134. Calephelis nilius ______ ARne  (MM:227)
    Sky-blue Lines 
    AR name: Lineas Celestes


    Genus ARGYROGRAMMANA

  135. Argyrogrammana holosticta ______ (DV2: text)
    (Mexico to Peru)

  136. Argyrogrammana venilia ______ (DV2:13)
    (Costa Rica to Brazil) 


    Genus MESENE:     mostly South American, about 20 species.

     
  137. Mesene silaris ______ (DV2:13)
    (Nicaragua to the Guianas & Peru)

  138. Mesene phareus rubella ______ (DV2:13) (F:255) (S:102) (subspecies from Guatemala to Colombia)
    Cramer's Mesene
    (Mexico to Peru & Brazil) 

    Mesene phareus is strikingly beautiful, the male a deep red with black borders, the female a lighter color and larger.
  139. Mesene monostigma ______ ARne  (MM:250)
    Spotted Tiny
    AR name: Diminuta Manchada

  140. Mesene pyrippe sanguilenta ______ ARne  (MM:251)
    Orange and Brown Tiny 
    (subspecies sanguilenta: northeast Argentina)

  141. Mesene epaphus ______ ARne  (MM:252)
    Orange Tiny
    AR name: Diminuta Naranja

  142. Mesene simplex celetes ______ ARne  (MM:253)
    Yellow Tiny
    AR name: Diminuta Amarilla
    (subspecies     celestes: northeast Argentina)


     Genus MESENOPSIS

  143. Mesenopsis melanochlora ______ (DV2:13)
    (Nicaragua to Bolivia)


     Genus SYMMACHIA  
  144. Symmachia rubina ______ (DV2:13)
    (Mexico to Ecuador)  

  145. Symmachia accusatrix ______ (DV2:14)
    (Mexico to Brazil)

  146. Symmachia probetor  ______ (DV2:14)
    (Mexico to Brazil) 

  147. Symmachia menetas menetas ______ ARne  (MM:249)
    Southern Simaquia 
    (subspecies menetas: northeast  AR) (in the book, "Butterflies of Missiones", 2003: the first sighting of the species in Argentina)


     Genus STICHELIA

  148. Stichelia sagaris ______ (DV2:14)
    (Mexico to Brazil, also Trinidad) 


     Genus ANTEROS
  149. Anteros allectus ______ (DV2:14)
    (Costa Rica to Ecuador)

  150. Anteros chrysoprastus ______ (DV2:14)
    (Guatemala to Brazil) 

  151. Anteros cumulatus ______ (DV2: text)
    (Costa Rica to Ecuador)

  152. Anteros renaldus ______ (DV2:14)
    (Nicaragua to Brazil) 

  153. Anteros carausius ______ (C:333) (DV2:14)
    Carousing Metalmark
    (Mexico to Venezuela)  

  154. Anteros formosus ______ (DV2:14)
    (Honduras to Peru) 

  155. Anteros kupris ______ (DV2:15)
    (Costa Rica to Bolivia) 


     Genus SAROTA
  156. Sarota chrysus ______ (DV2:15)
    (Mexico to Bolivia)

  157. Sarota myrtea ______ (DV2:15)
    (Mexico to Brazil)

  158. Sarota spicata ______ (DV2:15)
    (Costa Rica to western Brazil)

  159. Sarota psaros ______ (DV2:15)
    (Guatemala to Brazil) 

  160. Sarota gyas ______ (DV2:15)
    (Honduras to Brazil)

  161. Sarota acantus ______ (DV2:15)
    (Costa Rica to the western Amazon basin)


     Genus CHALODETA
  162. Chalodeta lypera ______ (DV2:15)
    (Guatemala to Brazil)

  163. Chalodeta chaonitis ______ (DV2:15)
    (Mexico to Brazil, also Trinidad)

  164. Chalodeta theodora theodora ______ ARne  (MM:231)
    Shiny Lines
    AR name: Lineas Brilliantes
    (subspecies theodora: northeast Argentina)


     Genus LASAIA

  165. Lasaia pseudomeris ______ (DV2:16)
    (Costa Rica to Peru)

  166. Lasaia oileus ______ (DV2:16)
    (Honduras to Peru & Brazil)

  167. Lasaia agesilas esmeralda ______ ARne  (MM:229)
    Hovy      (the name is a Guarani word referring to the males coloring)
    (subspecies esmeralda: northeast Argentina)

  168. Lasaia arsis ______ ARne  (MM:230)
    Splashy Hovy
    AR name: Hovy Salpicada


    Genus CALYDNA

  169. Calydna sturnula ______ (DV2:16)
    (Mexico to Brazil)  


     Genus EMESIS

  170. Emesis tenedia tenedia ______ (DV2:17) (K:151) (PE:text)
    Falcate Metalmark     (or Falcate Emesia)
    (south Texas to Brazil) (subspecies tenedia: Mexico to Ecuador)

  171. Emesis ocypore zelotes ______ (DV2:16)  (MM:239)
    Dark Acrobat
    (Mexico to northern Argentina) (subspecies zelotes: northeast Argentina) 

  172. Emesis lupina ______ (DV2:16)
    (Mexico to Venezuela)

  173. Emesis lucinda ______ (DV2:17)
    (Mexico to Brazil) 

  174. Emesis mandana ______ (DV2:17)
    (Mexico to Brazil) 

  175. Emesis fatimella ______ (DV2:17)
    (Costa Rica to Bolivia) 

  176. Emesis cypria ______ (DV2:17)
    (Mexico to Bolivia) 

  177. Emesis diogenia ______ ARne  (MM:237)
    Diogenia      (re the name: Diogenia, in mythology, was Celeo's daughter.)  

  178. Emesis russula ______ ARne  (MM:238)
    Reddish Acrobat

  179. Emesis neemias ______ ARne  (MM:240)
    Brilliantine Acrobat


    Genus THISBE

  180. Thisbe irenea ______ (DV2:18)
    (Mexico to Brazil)

  181. Thisbe lycorias ______ (DV2:18)
    (Mexico to the western Amazon basin)  


     Genus JUDITHA
  182. Juditha molpe ______ (DV2:18)
    (Mexico to Brazil)


     Genus CATOCYCLOTIS
  183. Catocyclotis aemulius adelina ______ (DV2:18)
    (Costa Rica to Brazil) (subspecies: Costa Rica to Ecuador)


    Genus SYNARGIS:     Tailless mostly South American LYCAENIDS, often with an interesting black and white coloration.

     
  184. Synargis ochra ______ (DV2:18)
    (Guatemala to Peru) 

  185. Synargis phylleus ______ (DV2:19)
    (Costa Rica to Peru) 

  186. Synargis palaeste ______ (DV2:19)
    (Costa Rica to Colombia) 

  187. Synargis gela ______ (DV2:21)
    (Costa Rica possibly, Ecuador to Brazil)

  188. Synargis calyce brennus ______ ARne  (MM:241)
    Nemi      (this name is a Guarani word meaning "hidden")
    (subspecies brennus: northeast Argentina)

  189. Synargis victrix ______ ARne  (MM:242)
    Demarcated Nemi


    Genus RODINIA

  190. Rodinia calpharnia ______ (DV2:20)
    (Costa Rica possibly, Panama to Brazil) 


     Genus AUDRE
  191. Audre albina ______ (DV2:20)
    (Costa Rica possibly, Panama to Venezuela)

  192. Audre gauchoana ______ ARne  (MM:244)
    Brown Patchwork
    AR name: Colage Parda

  193. Audre notialis ______ ARne  (MM:245)
    Irregular Patchwork
    AR name: Colage Irregular

  194. Audre chilensis ______ ARne  (MM:246)
    Southern Patchwork
    AR name: Colage Meridional


    Genus MENANDER

  195. Menander menander ______ (DV2:20)
    (Costa Rica to Brazil)  

  196. Menander pretus ______ (DV2:20)
    (Guatemala to Brazil) 

  197. Menander laobotas ______ (DV2:20)
    (Nicaragua to Ecuador)


    Genus PERIPLACIS:      Mostly South American LYCAENIDS with strongly angled wings, and with brown and blue coloration.

  198. Periplacis glaucoma splendida ______ (DV2:20) (F:262)
    (Costa Rica to Brazil)


     Genus CALOSPILA
  199. Calospila lucianus lucianus ______ (DV2:21)
    (Costa Rica to Brazil, also Trinidad) (subspecies: Costa Rica to Venezuela)

  200. Calospila parthaon ______ (DV2:21)
    (Mexico to Ecuador, also Trinidad) 


    Genus CALOCIASMA

  201. Calociasma lilina ______ (DV2:21)
    (Mexico to Panama, also Trinidad)


     Genus SETABIS
  202. Setabis lagus ______ (DV2:22)
    (Honduras to Brazil) 

  203. Setabis alcmaeon ______ (DV2:22)
    (Costa Rica to Ecuador)


     Genus NYMPHIDIUM
  204. Nymphidium mantus ______ (C:357) (DV2:22)
    Blue Nymphidium
    (Costa Rica to Brazil, also Trinidad)

  205. Nymphidium olinda ______ (DV2:22)
    (Costa Rica possibly, Panama to Venezuela)

  206. Nymphidium azanoides occidentalis ______ (DV2:22)
    (Costa Rica & Panama, Ecuador & Brazil) (subspecies: Costa Rica to Ecuador) 

  207. Nymphidium ascolia ______ (DV2:22)
    (Guatemala to Bolivia & Brazil)


     Genus THEOPE
  208. Theope publius ______ (DV2:23)
    (Costa Rica to Venezuela)

  209. Theope thebais ______ (DV2:24)
    (Costa Rica to Ecuador & Brazil)

  210. Theope matuta ______ (DV2:24)
    (Costa Rica to Venezuela)

  211. Theope phaeo ______ (DV2:24)
    (Nicaragua to the Amazon basin)  

  212. Theope pedias ______ (DV2:24)
    (Mexico to Brazil) 

  213. Theope thestias ______ (DV2:24)
    (Nicaragua to Bolivia) 

  214. Theope lycaenina ______ (DV2:25)
    (Costa Rica to eastern Brazil)

  215. Theope eudocia ______ (DV2:24) (S:102)
    Orange Theope Butterfly
    (Nicaragua to Peru) 

    Theope eudocia has a darting flight and settles on the undersides of leaves. The green caterpillar feeds on foliage of cacao.  


     Genus METACHARIS
  216. Metacharis umbrata  ______ (DV2:25)
    (Costa Rica to Ecuador)


     Genus BRACHYGLENIS
  217. Brachyglenis esthema ______ (DV2:25)
    (Costa Rica to Ecuador) 


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