The Birds of 
North America 


Owls to Flycatchers


Part 4 of a List & Photo Gallery
of North American Birds
compiled by Armas Hill






Noting those found during Focus On Nature Tours in Alaska, Arizona, British Columbia, California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Iowa, Kansas, North Carolina, Nebraska, Newfoundland, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, Virginia, Washington State, & Wyoming, including offshore pelagic trips  

Birds found during FONT tours & pelagic trips have an (*).   

PHOTO AT UPPER RIGHT: BURROWING OWL 


Codes:

In the list that follows, pertaining to FONT tours, the US state or Canadian province & the months are noted.

(The codes below relate to the United States unless indicated otherwise) 

AK:    Alaska
AZ:    Arizona
BC:    British Columbia, Canada (until 2001, during our West Coast Tours in September) 
CA:    California  (during our September West Coast Tours)
CO:    Colorado
DE:    Delaware (including offshore pelagic trips from DE & some land-birding tours) 
FL:     Florida
IA:     Iowa  (with our Nebraska Tours in March)
KS:    Kansas  (with our Colorado Tours in April)
NC:    North Carolina  (including offshore pelagic trips and spring & summer land-birding tours)
NE:    Nebraska  (tours in March & with our Colorado tours in April) 
NF:    Newfoundland, Canada
NM:   New Mexico  (with our West Texas Tours in the spring & our Arizona Tours in the late-summer)   
OK:   Oklahoma  (with our Colorado Tours in April)    
TX:    Texas
VA:    Virginia  (in conjunction with a NC Tour in the spring)
WA:   Washington State  (during our September West Coast Tours) 
WY:   Wyoming  (with our Colorado Tours in April)

During FONT pelagic trips:

DEP:    offshore from Delaware
CAP:    offshore from California  
NCP:    offshore from North Carolina 
NJP:    offshore from New Jersey
WAP:   offshore from Washington State 

The months when the birds have been found are with the above codes. 

(ac):        north of the Arctic Circle 
(DT):       in the area of the Dry Tortugas islands in Florida
(PI):        at the Pribilof Islands in Alaska


(USe):          endemic to the USA 
(USqe):        quasi (or nearly) endemic to the USA
(USeb):        endemic-breeder in USA 
(USneb):      near-endemic breeder in the USA
(NAi):           species introduced into North America
(NAri):          re-introduced species
(r/NA):          rare in North America, having occurred in both the United States & Canada 
(r/US):          rare in the United States

(t): a globally threatened or rare species, designated by Birdlife International
(t1): critical   (t2): endangered   (t3): vulnerable
(nt): a near-threatened species globally


(ph):  species with a photo in the FONT web-site  

       
Links to Bird Groupings in this part of this List: 

Owls     Nighthawks & Nightjars    Swifts    Hummingbirds    Trogons

Kingfishers & Hoopoe    Woodpeckers    Tityra & Becards    Flycatchers


Links to Other Parts of this North American Bird List:

Part #1:  Grouse to Anhinga    Part #2:  Condor to Shorebirds    Part #3:  Jaegers to Cuckoos

Part #5: Shrikes to Pipits    Part #6: Olive Warbler to Buntings

Links to Lists of Birds of: 

Alaska    Arizona    California    Colorado    North Carolina    Texas    Washington State

Links to Lists & Photo Galleries of Other Nature, including North American:

Mammals    Butterflies, Dragonflies    Amphibians, Reptiles   Marine Life, inc Fish, Crustaceans

Links to Information about Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours;

in North America    by month in:    2012    2013    or:     by geographic location worldwide

Other Links:

Directory of Photos in this Website 

A Photo Gallery of Birds that in North America would be Rare

List of Birds:


      Owls

471. Barn Owl (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jul,aug  CA:sep  DE:may  NC:aug  TX:apr  WA:sep
     Tyto alba 
     
     Outside North America, the Barn Owl has been seen during FONT tours in the Canary Islands, Hungary, Poland, Spain. During tours in the 1990s it was found to be especially numerous in Spain.
     
     South of the US, the Barn Owl has been found during FONT tours in Argentina, Brazil, the Cayman Islands, Chile, Costa Rica, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent, Venezuela.
        
     
472. Flammulated Owl ______ AZ:jul
     Megascops (formerly Otus) flammeolus
     
     
473. Western Screech Owl (*) (ph) ______ AZ:aug  CA:sep  TX:apr  WA:sep
     Megascops (formerly Otus) kennicottii suttoni
     
     
474. Eastern Screech Owl (*) (ph) ______ DE:may  NC:jun,aug  TX:may
     Megascops (formerly Otus) asio
     
     South of the US, the Eastern Screech Owl has been found during a FONT tour in Mexico.
      
     
     
     
     4 young gray-morph Eastern Screech Owls, with, yes, one facing away 
     (photo by Doris Potter)
     
     
475. Whiskered Screech Owl (*)  ______ AZ:aug
     Megascops (formerly Otus) trichopsis
     
     South of the US, the Whiskered Screech Owl has been seen during a FONT tour in Mexico.
      
     
476. Oriental Scops Owl ______  (r/US)
     Otus sunia
     
     A species of eastern Asia. There are 2 records of rufous morphs (of the race japonicus) from the Aleutian islands, Alaska. A dried wing was found on Buldir Island on June 5, 1977. A bird found alive on Amchitka Island on June 20, 1979 subsequently died. It became a specimen.  
     
     Outside North America, the Oriental Scops Owl has been found during FONT tours in Japan. 
     
     
477. Great Horned Owl (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jan,jul,aug  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  DE:may  KS:apr  NC:may,jun,aug  NE:mar  NM:apr  TX:apr,may  WA:sep
     Bubo virginanus 
     
     South of the US, the Great Horned Owl has been found during FONT tours in Argentina, Brazil, Guatemala, Mexico, Venezuela.
     
     
478. Northern Pygmy Owl (*) ______  AZ:jul  CA:sep  WA:sep
     Glaucidium californicum  (previously Glaucidium gnoma, which is now the Mountain Pygmy Owl of Mexico & Central America, reaching north into southern Arizona & New Mexico)  
     
     
479. Mountain Pygmy Owl  ______  
     Glaucidium gnoma
     
     South of the US, the Mountain Pygmy Owl has been found during FONT tours in Guatemala, Mexico.    
     
     
480. Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl  (ph) ______ (r/US)
     Glaucidium brasilianum
     
     This widespread Neotropical species occurs in the US in southern Texas and southern Arizona. It inhabits saguaro deserts and woodlands. In Texas, it occurs to north to near Kingsville. The subspecies there, G. b. ridgwayi, is brownish. The grayer subspecies in southern Arizona, G. b. cactorum, is rare, and considered endangered. 
     
     South of the US, the Ferruginous Pygmy Owl has been found in Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Venezuela. 
      
     
      
     
     Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl
     (photo by Dick Tipton) 
     
     
481. Elf Owl (*) ______ AZ:jul,aug  TX:apr
     Micrathene w. whitneyi
     
     South of the US, the Elf Owl has been found during FONT tours in Mexico (Sonora).
      
     
482. Burrowing Owl (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jul,aug  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  FL:apr  KS:apr  NE:apr  OK:apr
     Athene cunicularia  
     
     South of the US, the Burrowing Owl has been seen during FONT tours in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Mexico (the Yucatan), Paraguay, Venezuela.
     
     
     
     
     Burrowing Owls 
     
     
483. Spotted Owl  (nt) (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jul
     Strix occidentalis
     
     
484. Barred Owl (*) (ph) ______ DE:may  NC:jun,aug
     Strix varia
     
     
     
     Barred Owl
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
485. Great Gray Owl  (ph) ______
     Strix nebulosa
     
     
     
     
     A Great Gray Owl
     (photo by Armas Hill)
     
     
486. Mottled Owl ______  (r/US)
     Strix (or Cicabba) virgata
     
     A species ranging from northwest & northeast Mexico south through mush of South America. There is a road-killed specimen from near the Bentson-Rio Grande State Park, in southern Texas, from February 23, 1983.     
     
     South of the US, the Mottled Owl has been found during FONT tours Belize, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama.
     
     
487. Stygian Owl ______  (r/US)
     Asio stygius
     
     A species occurring from Mexico south into South America, and locally in the West Indies mostly on Hispaniola. It is a forest-dwelling nocturnal owl, rather secretive.
     Twice, found roosting and photographed at the Bentson-Rio Grande Valley State Park, in southern Texas, on December 9, 1994 & December 26, 1996. The 1994 bird was first thought to be a Northern Long-eared Owl.    
     
     South of the US, the Stygian Owl has been found during a FONT tour in Guatemala.  
     
     
488. Northern Long-eared Owl (*) ______ NE:mar
     Asio otus
     
     Outside North America, the Northern Long-eared Owl has been found during FONT tours in Bulgaria, Hungary, Japan, Poland..
     
     
     
     
     Above & below: Northern Long-eared Owls
     (upper photo by Doris Potter;
      the lower photo, an older picture in black-and-white, by Alan Brady)
     
     
     
     Below: a drawing of a Long-eared Owl by Charles Gambill
     
     
     
     
     
489. Short-eared Owl (*) (ph) ______ AK:may,jun (PI)  FL:apr (DT)  WA:sep
     Asio flammeus
     
     Outside North America, the Short-eared Owl has been seen during FONT tours in Hungary, Iceland, Japan, Sweden, and south of the US in Brazil, Chile, the Galapagos Islands, Venezuela.
     
     
     
     
     Short-eared Owl
     (photo by Kim Steininger)
     
     
490. Snowy Owl (*) (ph) ______ AK:may,jun (PI)
     Bubo (formerly Nyctea) scandiacus
     
     
     
     Snowy Owls
     (above photo by Paul Leverington; below photo by Kim Steininger)
     
     
     
     
     
491. Northern Hawk Owl (*) ______ AK:may,jun
     Surnia ulula
     
     
     
     
     Above & below: Northern Hawk-Owls
     (upper photo by Armas Hill in 1979;
      lower photo, in black-and-white, by Alan Brady in 1991)
     
     
     
     
     
492. Boreal Owl (*) ______ AK:may,jun  (called Tengmalm's Owl in Europe)
     Aegolius funereus
     
     Outside North America, the Tengmalm's, or Boreal, Owl has been found during FONT tours in Poland, Slovakia. 
     
     
     
     
     Above & below: Two Photos of a Boreal Owl
     (photographed by Armas Hill in 1979)
     
     
     
     
     
493. Northern Saw-whet Owl (*) (ph) ______ AK:jun
     Aegolius acadius 
     
     
     
     
     Above & below: Northern Saw-whet Owls
     Above, an adult; below, one juvenile & three juveniles 
     (upper photo by Andy Ednie; lower photos by Alan Brady)
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
494. Brown Hawk Owl ______  (r/US)
     Ninox scutulata
     
     An east Asian species. In Alaska, on Saint Paul Island in the Pribilofs one was found roosting in crab pots in the harbor on August 27, 2007. The following year, also in Alaska, one was found dead on Kiska Island in the western Aleutians on August 1, 2008.
     
     Outside North America, the Brown Hawk Owl has been found during FONT tours in Japan.
     
     
     NIGHTHAWKS & NIGHTJARS
     
     
495. Lesser Nighthawk (*) ______ AZ:jul,aug  NM:apr  TX:apr,may
     Chordeiles acutipennis
     
     South of the US, the Lesser Nighthawk has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Venezuela.
      
     
496. Common Nighthawk (*) ______ AZ:jul,aug  CA:sep  CO:jul  DE:may  FL:apr (DT)  NC:jun,jul,aug  TX:apr,may  WA:sep
     Chordeiles minor
     
     South of the US, the Common Nighthawk has been found during FONT tours in Brazil, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama.
     
     
497. Antillean Nighthawk (*) ______ FL:apr (DT)  NC:aug  (r/NC)
     Chordeiles gundlachii  
     
     A West Indian species that occurs regularly in the summer on the Florida Keys. It is, on occasion, seen at the offshore Dry Tortugas and on the southeast Florida mainland. It has occurred rarely in Louisiana and on the Outer Banks of North Carolina.     
     
     An Antillean Nighthawk was with Common Nighthawks in the area of dunes at Cape Hatteras, North Carolina in August 1994. It was both seen and heard during a FONT tour.
     
     South of the US, the Antillean Nighthawk has been seen during FONT tours in the Cayman Islands, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Puerto Rico.
       
     
498. Pauraque (*) (ph) ______ TX:apr
     Nyctidromus albicollis merrilli
     
     South of the US, the Pauraque has been found during FONT tours in Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Venezuela.
      
     
499. Common Poorwill (*) ______ AZ:jul,aug  CO:jul  NM:apr  TX:apr,may  WA:sep
     Phanaenoptilus n. nuttallii
     
     South of the US, the Common Poorwill has been found during FONT tours in Mexico (Sonora).
     
     
500. Chick-will's-widow (*) ______ DE:may  FL:apr  NC:may,jun 
     Caprimulgus carolinensis
     
     South of the US, the Chuck-will's-widow has been seen during FONT tours in the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico.
     
     
501. Eastern Whip-poor-will  (*) ______  DE:may  NC:jun  TX:may
     Caprimulgus vociferus   
     
     
502. Mexican Whip-poor-will (*) ______ AZ:jul  
     Caprimulgus arizonae
     
     South of the US, the Mexican Whip-poor-will has been found during FONT tours in Guatemala, Mexico.
     
     
503. Buff-collared Nightjar ______
     Caprimulgus ridgwayi
     
     South of the US, the Buff-collared Nightjar has been found during FONT tours in Guatemala.
     
     
504. Gray Nightjar  (ph) ______  (r/US)
     Caprimulgus indicus
     
     The Gray Nightjar is a migratory Asian species that was formerly conspecific with the more-southerly Jungle NIghtjar. A specimen, not in the best condition, of the race jotaka, was found on Buldir Island, Alaska, on May 31, 1977.  
     
     Outside North America, the Gray Nightjar has been seen during FONT tours in Japan, including Hegura Island.
     
     
     SWIFTS
       
     
505. American Black Swift (*) ______  CA:sep  CO:jul
     Cypseloides niger borealis
     
     South of the US, the American Black Swift has been found during FONT tours in the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent.
      
     
506. Chimney Swift (*) ______ DE:may  NC:may,jun,jul,aug  TX:may
     Chaetura pelagica
     
     South of the US, the Chimney Swift has been seen during FONT tours in Brazil (Amazonian), the Cayman Islands (during migration), Chile (far-north), Ecuador, Honduras (during migration), Mexico.
     
     
507. Vaux's Swift (*) ______  CA:sep  WA:sep
     Chaetura vauxi
     
     South of the US, the Vaux's Swift has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Venezuela.
     
     
508. White-throated Swift (*) ______ AZ:jul,aug  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  NM:apr  TX:apr,may
     Aeronautes saxatalis
     
     South of the US, the White-throated Swift has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Mexico.
     
     
509. White-collared Swift ______  (r/NA)
     Streptoprocne zonaris
     
     A widespread species of Central & South America that also is locally found in the West Indies. It has occurred as a vagrant at various places in the US and southern Canada. 
     
     South of the US, the White-collared Swift has been seen during FONT tours in Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Venezuela.
      
     
510. White-throated Needletail ______  (r/US)
     Aeronautes saxatalis
     
     An Asian species. It occurs rarely in the spring in the western Aleutian Islands, Alaska.
     
     Outside North America, the White-throated Needletail has been seen during FONT tours in Japan (on Okinawa).
     . 
     
511. Pacific Swift ______  (r/NA)  (another name is Asian White-rumped Swift)
     Apus pacifiicus
     
     An Asian species. It occurs rarely on western Alaskan islands.
     
     Outside North America, the Pacific Swift has been seen during FONT tours in Japan, including Hegura Island. 
     
     
512. Common Swift ______  (r/NA)
     Apus apus
     
     A species that breeds in Europe and winters in Africa. It has occurred, as a rarity, at Miquelon Island (actually a part of France) in the Atlantic Ocean off the east coast of Canada. Also It has been found in Bermuda.
     Oddly, there are said to have been 2 records at the Pribilof Islands, Alaska. "Oddly" because the species does not occur in east Asia. But birds do fly! And swifts, especially, are fliers.
     
     Outside North America, the Common Swift has been found during FONT tours in Andorra, Bulgaria, France, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey. 
           
     
513. Antillean Palm Swift ______  (r/US)
     Tachornis phoenicobia
     
     A species of the West Indies, particularly Cuba and Hispaniola. 2 were present and photographed at Key West, Florida from July 7 to August 13, 1972. 
     
     South of the US, the Antillean Palm Swift has been seen during FONT tours in the Dominican Republic, Jamaica.
     
     
     HUMMINGBIRDS
     
     
514. Broad-billed Hummingbird (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jul,aug,sep
     Cynanthus latirostris
     
     North of Mexico, this species normally ranges in southern Arizona. Otherwise, there have been fall and winter occurrences in southern California, and along the Gulf Coast. During 1 winter, 4 were banded in Louisiana. The species has also occurred as a rarity, from late-summer through the spring, in southern Nevada, New Mexico (except in the Peloncillo Mountains & the Guadalupe Canyon where it more regular), and Texas. And it has occurred as a vagrant in these US states and Canadian provinces: Illinois, Michigan, New Brunswick, Ontario, Oregon, South Carolina, Utah, Wisconsin.   
     
     South of the US, the Broad-billed Hummingbird has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.
     
     
515. Buff-bellied Hummingbird (*) ______ TX:may
     Amazilia yucatanensis 
     
     This species breeds in the US in south Texas. After nesting, a small number move northward & eastward along the US Gulf Coast. Some winter eastward to Florida, occurring there from October to March. The few winter records away from the coastal plain of the Gulf of Mexico include those in central Texas and more rarely in Arkansas, Mississippi, and Alabama.    
     
     South of the US, the Buff-bellied Hummingbird has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Mexico.
     
     
516. Berylline Hummingbird (*) ______  (r/US)  AZ:jul,aug,sep  
     Amazilia beryllina
     
     A species mostly of northern Central America, occurring in Mexico and south to Honduras. It is a very rare summer visitor to the mountains of southeast Arizona, where it has rarely bred. It is also occurs rarely in southwestern New Mexico (in the Guadalupe Canyon) and in west Texas (in the Big Bend National Park & in the Davis Mountains).
     
     South of the US, the Berylline Hummingbird has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.
           
     
517. Violet-crowned Hummingbird (*) (ph) ______  (r/US)   AZ:jul,aug,sep  
     Amazilia violiceps 
     
     This species is nearly a Mexican endemic, but its northern breeding range does extend into southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico. In southeast Arizona, breeding is in the areas of the Sonoita Creek and the Huachuca & Chiricahua Mountains. A few individuals spend the winter near feeders in southeast Arizona. But mostly the species moves into Arizona and New Mexico in June.
     It occurs as a vagrant in central Arizona (August, October), in California (July to December, and March & May), and in west Texas (March, July, December), southern Texas (May, October), and the upper Texas Gulf Coast (March).
     
     
     
     
     A Violet-crowned Hummingbird photographed during a FONT tour 
     in Arizona in August 2010
      
     
518. Cinnamon Hummingbird  (ph) ______  (r/US)
     Amazilia rutila
     
     A species that ranges in lowlands from Sinaloa and the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico south to Costa Rica. In the United States, it has occurred at Patagonia, Arizona July 21 to 23, 1992, and at Santa Teresa in New Mexico from September 18 to 21, 1993.     
     
     South of the US, the Cinnamon Hummingbird has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.
     
     
519. Blue-throated Mountain-gem (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jul,aug,sep  (has also been called Blue-throated Hummingbird)
     Lampornis clemenciae
     
     North of Mexico, this is primarily a "sky island" mountain species in western Texas, southern New Mexico, and southeastern Arizona. It has occurred as a a vagrant to central Arizona, central New Mexico, Colorado (July to August), and in parts of Texas (mostly in the fall): the Edwards Plateau, the Gulf Coast, the lower Rio Grande Valley, and the Panhandle. Vagrants have also been in: California (in the summer), Louisiana (during fall & spring), North Dakota (in June), South Carolina (in August), and in Utah (in August).     
     
     South of the US, the Blue-throated Mountain-gem has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico. 
     
     
520. White-eared Hummingbird (*) (ph) ______  (r/US)  AZ:jul,aug,sep  
     Hylocharis leucotis
     
     North of Mexico and northern Central America, this species occurs mostly in southeastern Arizona, in the Huachuca and Chiricahua Mountains. It has bred in southern Arizona. Generally it arrives in Arizona in mid-April to May, and departs August to October.
     It also occurs as rarity, from June to October, in southwestern & north-central New Mexico, and in western & central Texas, including in the Davis, Guadeloupe, and Chisos Mountains. Most records north & east of the breeding range are from late-June to August. There is evidence of some post-breeding movement. 
     A female that wintered in coastal Mississippi, from November 1995 to January 1996, was extraordinary.   
     
     South of the US, the White-eared Hummingbird has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.
     
     
521. "Rivoli's" Magnificent Hummingbird (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jul,aug,sep 
     Eugenes fulgens
     
     North of Mexico and Central America, this is primarily a "sky island" mountain species in western Texas, southern New Mexico, and southeastern Arizona. 
     Young males are often highly nomadic, Banded birds have traveled hundreds of miles between mountain ranges during a season. Such migration is through lower elevations, especially foothills, in the spring and fall.
     Away from the US breeding range, there have been occurrences in Colorado (from May to October), and less so in: Alabama (September to February), Arkansas (in July), California (in April), Georgia (in the winter), Minnesota (in July), Nevada (in June), Utah (in July), Wyoming (in June & July), and in southern Texas (in September). 
     
     South of the US, the Magnificent Hummingbird has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama.
     
     
522. Lucifer Sheartail (*) ______ AZ:jul,aug  TX:apr,may  (has been called Lucifer Hummingbird)
     Calothorax lucifer
     
     This species is nearly a Mexican endemic, but its northern breeding range does extend into west Texas, where it can be fairly common in the Big Bend National Park. The species occurs rarely in southeast Arizona & southwest New Mexico, and has been a vagrant at some places, other than at its usual haunts, in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. In Texas, vagrants have been in the Edwards Plateua and Guadeloupe Mountains, and in El Paso, Del Rio, Rockport, and Beeville. Vagrants in New Mexico have in Gila and Silver City; in Arizona in Tucson.     
     
     South of the US, the Lucifer Sheartail has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.
     
     
     
     
     Two photographs of Lucifer Sheartails during the FONT tour in southern Arizona
     in September 2010. Above: a male; below: a female/
     (photos by Marie Gardner)
     
     
     
     
523. Ruby-throated Hummingbird (*) (ph) ______ DE:may  FL:apr (DT)  NC:may,jun,aug  TX:apr,may
     Archilochus colubris 
     
     Out-of-range occurrences in the US have been in: Alaska (in June), California (in August, September), Colorado (in April, May, July), and New Mexico (in October).
     
     South of the US, the Ruby-throated Hummingbird has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama (where rare).
     
     
524. Black-chinned Hummingbird (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jul,aug,sep  CO:apr,jul  NM:apr  TX:apr,may  
     Archilochus alexandri  (monotypic)
     
     This species normally occurs in the western US and in parts of central & western Mexico. East of that range, some individuals winter along the Gulf Coat of the US from Texas east to Georgia and Florida. Some winter in California. 
     Out-of-range occurrences have been in these US states and Canadian provinces:  Alberta (in July), Kentucky (in fall-winter) New Jersey (in the fall), North Carolina (in the fall & spring), Ontario (in May), South Carolina (in the fall & winter), South Dakota (in the fall), Tennessee (in fall-winter).
     
     South of the US, the Black-chinned Hummingbird has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico (Sonora).
       
     
525. Anna's Hummingbird (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jan,jul,aug,sep  CA:sep
     Calypte anna
     
     A species of western North America, but vagrants can occur almost anywhere, most commonly in the fall & winter. 
     Out-of-range occurrences have been in these US states and Canadian provinces: Alabama (in November), interior Alaska (in September), Alberta (from June to October), Arkansas (in fall-winter), Colorado (from May to December), Florida (in fall-winter), Georgia (in fall-winter), Idaho (from September to May), Illinois (in fall-winter), Kansas (in fall-winter), Michigan (December to April), Minnesota (in fall-winter), Missouri (October to February), Mississippi (November to January), Montana (June to November), North Carolina (in fall-winter), New York (October to December), Oklahoma (in winter), Saskatchewan (from July to October),  South Carolina (in winter), Tennessee (in January), in northern & eastern Texas (from July to March), Utah (in the fall), Wisconsin (from August to January).
     
     The migration of the Anna's Hummingbird is not well understood. It does not appear to migrate in the "traditional sense". Year-round presence is some areas may well be due to breeding birds being replaced by migrants from other areas. 
     Large numbers of Anna's in the mountains of Arizona in the non-breeding season (July to October) have long been assumed to come from California, yet of the thousands of hummingbirds that have been banded in California and Arizona, ONLY ONE is has been shown to have traveled between the 2 states! 
     
     
     
     
     A female Anna's Hummingbird
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
526. Costa's Hummingbird (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jul,aug,sep
     Calypte costae
     
     A species of desert scrub normally in the southwestern US and northwestern Mexico. Part of the population that breeds in the resident range migrates south in the winter along the Pacific coast of Mexico. 
     Vagrants have occurred in these US states and Canadian provinces: Alaska (from July to October), Alberta (in August), British Columbia (from April to June), Colorado (in May), Kansas (in November), western Texas (from September to January & in April), in central & southern Texas (from January to March), western Washington State (from August to October).
       
      
527. Calliope Hummingbird (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jul,aug,sep
     Stellula calliope 
     
     A species that breeds in montane coniferous forests in parts of the western US and southwestern Canada. Most winter in southwestern Mexico. Some winter, however, along the Gulf Coast in the US, from Texas to northwestern Florida, mainly in Louisiana. More rarely, some winter in west Texas and in Arizona. 
     Otherwise, vagrants have occurred in these US states and one Canadian province: northern Alabama (in November), Arkansas (in November & December), central Florida (in March & April), northern Georgia (in the winter), Kansas (in July & August), Minnesota (in November & December), North Carolina (from October to March), Nebraska (from June to August), New Jersey (in November), Saskatchewan (in July & August), South Carolina (from December to April), South Dakota (in August), Tennessee (from November to April) and in western & central Texas.  
      
     
528. Bumblebee Hummingbird  ______  (r/US)
     Atthis heloisa
     
     A Mexican species. 2 female specimens are said to have been collected in southern Arizona, in the Huachuca Mountains, in July 1896.
     
     
529. Broad-tailed Hummingbird (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jul,aug,sep  CO:apr,jul  NM:apr  TX:apr,may
     Selasphorus platycercus  (monotypic)
     
     A species that summers, and breeds, mostly in the western United States, and winters mostly in Mexico. A small number winter along the Gulf Coast of the southeast US.
     Otherwise, out-of-range occurrences have been in these US states and one Canadian province: northern Arkansas (in November & December), British Columbia (in July), Delaware (in the winter), Florida (in January & February), Georgia (in the fall-winter), Illinois (in November), Indiana (in the winter), Kansas (from June to September), Michigan (from August to winter), Mississippi (in fall-winter), Nebraska (in August & September), New Jersey (in November), Oregon (from May to August), South Dakota (from June to September), in eastern & central Texas, and in Washington State (in August).   
      
     South of the US, the Broad-tailed Hummingbird has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Mexico.
     
     
530. Rufous Hummingbird (*) (ph) ______ AK:jun  AZ:jul,aug,sep
     Selasphorus rufus
     
     This species is a long-distance migrant, summering, and breeding, as far north as southern Alaska, and wintering mostly in Mexico. Some, however, winter in the US, especially in the Southeast notably along the Gulf Coast, mostly in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Texas. A few also winter in the US in coastal southern California.
     
     During the summer of 2010, a second-year female Rufous Hummingbird that had been banded the previous winter in Florida was recaptured in Alaska, on an island in the Prince William Sound, 3,543 miles from where the bird was in Florida. That is the longest documented distance traveled by any hummingbird of any species.      
     
     The Rufous Hummingbird seems strongly prone to wandering during it southbound migration in the fall. It has occurred in ALL of the US states east of the Rocky Mountains, and in most of the Canadian provinces. And so it can appear almost "anywhere", and is usually discovered at feeders.
     In the southbound Rufous Hummingbird migration, adult males travel first, with adult females following about 1 to 2 weeks later. The migration of the immature birds is the latest and the most drawn-out, occurring up to a month after that of the adult female.
     
     The Rufous Hummingbird is the only hummingbird that occurs, on occasion, in the Old World. In the spring, migratory overshoots have reached as far into Russian Siberia as the Chukotski Peninsula.  
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     Two immature female Rufous Hummingbirds
     (photos by Howard Eskin)
            
     
531. Allen's Hummingbird (*) ______  AZ:jul,aug
     Selasphorus sasin
     
     This species, a close relative of the Rufous Hummingbird, has one of the most restricted breeding ranges of any North American hummingbird, being confined from the Pacific Coast of southern California north to southern Oregon. Although its habitat has been strongly altered by human activity, the bird has adapted well to urban and suburban environments.
     
     Outside its breeding range, the Allen's Hummingbird is rare, but regular, in southern Arizona, and has occurred more rarely in New Mexico, west Texas, Utah, and Nevada. Some winter rarely along the Gulf Coast of the US.
     Fall-winter occurrences in eastern US states have been in: Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Jersey, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia.
     
     In its limited breeding range, there are 2 subspecies. One, sedentarius, apparently originated on the offshore Channel Islands, and colonized, during the 20th Century, the nearby California mainland. It has recently spread, both north and south along the coast. Although this subspecies is essentially nonmigratory, an Allen's Hummingbird specimen from Louisiana was identified as sedentarius.    
       
     
     
     
     
     An adult female Allen's Hummingbird
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
532. Green Violetear  (ph) ______  (r/NA)
     Colibri thalassinus
     
     A Neotropical species, most often in the highlands, from Mexico south to northern South America. Most US records have been in the Hill Country of Texas, where it is nearly an annual occurrence. It has also occurred rarely in eastern North America and elsewhere in the US.
     
     There have been more than 30 records of the Green  Violetear in eastern Texas since 1961, with as many as 4 during one season. These have been in the Edwards Plateau (or the "Hill Country" as just noted), and along Gulf Coast and in the lower Rio Grande Valley. All of the occurrences of the species north of Mexico in the spring have been in Texas.
     Accepted records of the Green Violetear, in addition to those in Texas, have been in these US states and Canadian provinces: Alabama, Alberta, Arkansas, Colorado, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Wisconsin.  
     These north-of-range records have been from mid-April through mid-December, with most from early-May to late-July, and a minor peak in late August and early September. This seasonal pattern may of adults and young birds following the spring breeding season or the dispersal of young adults prior to the summer breeding season. Many sightings are "one day wonders", but the average sighting period has been 2 weeks. The longest sighting period at a single location was 18 weeks.   
     
     South of the US, the Green Violetear has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, Venezuela.
     
     
533. Green-breasted Mango  (ph) ______  (r/US)
     Anthracothorax prevostii
     
     A Neotropical species found from eastern Mexico south to northern South America. It has occurred, as a rarity, mostly from the late-summer through the winter, in southern Texas. There has also been a record, in the fall, in North Carolina.
     
     One south Texas occurrence was in September 1988, just ahead of Hurricane Gilbert. Another, an adult male, was in McAllen in the lower Rio Grande Valley, in February 2000.
     The North Carolina bird, an immature male, was banded in November 2000.
     Most north-of-range records have been in August & September. Winter sightings may be of birds that arrived weeks earlier but were undetected until weather drove them to a feeder. A sighting in May of an immature bird may have been of a migratory "overshoot".    
     
     South of the US, the Green-breasted Mango has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.
       
     
534. Xantu's Hummingbird (*) (ph) ______ BC:sep
     Hylocharis xantusii
     
     This species is normally endemic to the southern Baja California Peninsula, in Mexico, where it is generally sedentary, or at most a short-distance migrant. However, it has occurred as a vagrant in southern California and, oddly, in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. 
     In California, a male was found. not near a feeder, in eastern San Diego County in December 1986. The following year, a female was present from January to March in a yard in Ventura, where she nested unsuccessfully. 
     In British Columbia, a female took up residence at a feeder in Gibsons from November 1997 to September 1998. There has not ever been a satisfactory explanation of that extraordinary record.      
     
     Xantu's Hummingbird, normally a bird of Baja California in Mexico, was at a hummingbird feeder in British Columbia in 1998, where we saw it during our FONT Pacific Coast Tour in September of that year. 
     
     
     
     
     The Xantu's Hummingbird at the feeder in British Columbia 
     during the FONT tour in September 1998. 
     
     
535. Plain-capped Starthroat ______  (r/US)
     Heliomaster constantii
     
     A species of Mexico and Central America. It occurs as a rare straggler in the arid foothills and deserts of southeast Arizona, mostly from June to October. Several years may pass between Arizona sightings. 
     The first US record was in Nogales, Arizona in September 1969. The northernmost record was in Phoenix, Arizona in October & November  1978. 
     
     South of the US, the Plain-capped Starthroat has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Guatemala.
     
     
536. Bahama Woodstar ______  (r/US)
     Calliphlox evelynae
     
     A species endemic to the Bahama Islands. There have been just a few US occurrences, all in southeast Florida: a specimen in Miami in January 1961, in Palm Beach County from August to October 1971, near Homestead in Dade County in April 1974, and both a male & female at the Mary Krone Sanctuary in Dade County in July & August 1981
     
     
     TROGONS
        
     
537. Elegant Trogon (*) ______ AZ:jul,aug  (the northernmost race, in the southwest US, was called the Coppery-tailed Trogon)
     Trogon elegans 
       
     South of the US, the Elegant Trogon has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Mexico.
     
     
538. Eared Quetzal  (nt)  ______  (r/US)
     Euptilotis neoxenus
     
     Other than when this species is rarely in southern Arizona, it occurs only in Mexico. In Arizona, this wary bird has favored mountain streamside woodlands.
     
     
     KINGFISHERS
     
      
539. Ringed Kingfisher  (ph) ______  (r/US)
     Megaceryle (formerly Ceryle) t. torquata 
     
     A widespread species in Central & South America, with a limited distribution in the West Indies (on Dominica). In the US, it is a resident in the lower Rio Grande Valley along the Texas-Mexico border. It is rare elsewhere in south Texas.  
     
     South of the US, the Ringed Kingfisher has been seen during FONT tours in Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Dominica (the only place it occurs in the Caribbean), Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Venezuela.
     
     
540. Belted Kingfisher (*) (ph) ______ AK:may,jun  BC:sep  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  DE:may  DEP:sep  FL:apr  IA:mar  KS:apr  NC:may,jun,aug  NE:mar,apr  NF:jul  NM:apr  TX:apr  WA:sep
     Megaceryle (formerly  Ceryle) alcyon
     
     South of the US, the Belted Kingfisher has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, the Cayman Islands, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saint Vincent.
     
     
     
     
     Belted Kingfisher
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
541. Green Kingfisher (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jul  TX:may
     Chloroceryle americana septentrionalis
     
     South of the US, the Green Kingfisher has been seen during FONT tours in Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Venezuela.
     
     
542. Amazon Kingfisher ______  (r/US)
     Chloroceryle amazona
     
     A species of South & Central America, north to Mexico. A first north of Mexico occurred in Laredo Texas, on January 24, 2010.
     
     South of the US, the Amazon Kingfisher has been seen during FONT tours in Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, Venezuela.
      
     
543. Eurasian Hoopoe ______  (r/US)
     Upupa epops
     
     An Old World species, where it is widespread. There is a specimen from Alaska, found at Old Chevak in the Yukon-Kushokwin Delta, September 2-3, 1975. 
     
     Outside North America, the Eurasian Hoopoe has been seen during FONT tours in Bulgaria, Hungary, Japan (on Hegura Island), Poland, Romania, Spain, Turkey. 
     
     
     WOODPECKERS
     
     
544. Eurasian Wryneck ______  (r/US)
     Jnyx torquilla
     
     An Old World species, where it is widespread. Two North American records are from Alaska. There was a specimen from Cape Prince of Wales on September 8, 1945, and a bird was photographed at Gambell, St. Lawrence Island, September 2 to 5, 2003.    
     
     Outside North America, the Eurasian Wryneck has been found during FONT tours in Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain.
     
     
545. Lewis's Woodpecker (*) ______ CO:apr,jul  WA:sep
     Melanerpes lewis
     
     
546. Red-headed Woodpecker  (nt) (*) (ph) ______ DE:may  NC:may,jun  NE:mar
     Melanerpes erthrocephalus
     
     
     
     
     An adult Red-headed Woodpecker
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
547. Acorn Woodpecker (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jan,jul,aug,sep  CA:sep  TX:apr,may
     Melanerpes f. formicivorus
     
     South of the US, the Acorn Woodpecker has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.
     
     
548. Golden-fronted Woodpecker (*) (ph) ______ TX:apr,may
     Melanerpes a. aurifrons
     
     South of the US, the Golden-fronted Woodpecker has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.
      
     
549. Red-bellied Woodpecker (*) (ph) ______ CO:apr  DE:may  FL:apr  IA:mar  NC:may,jun,jul,aug  NE:mar  TX:may
     Melanerpes carolinus
     
     
550. Gila Woodpecker (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jan,jul,aug,sep
     Melanerpes uropygialis
     
     
551. Williamson's Sapsucker (*) ______ CO:apr,jul
     Sphyrapicus thyroideus 
     
     
552. Yellow-bellied Sapsucker (*) (ph) ______  NE:mar 
     Sphyrapicus varius
     
     South of the US, the Yellow-bellied Sapsucker has been seen during FONT tours in the Cayman Islands, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Mexico.
     
     
553. Red-naped Sapsucker (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jan  CO:apr,jul  TX:apr  WA:sep  WY:apr
     Sphyrapicus nuchalis
     
     
     
     
     A Red-naped Sapsucker photographed during a FONT tour
     
     
554. Red-breasted Sapsucker (*) ______ BC:sep WA:sep
     Sphyrapicus ruber
     
     
555. Ladder-backed Woodpecker (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jan,jul,aug,sep  CO:apr  NM:apr,jul  TX:apr,may
     Picoides scalaris
     
     South of the US, the Ladder-backed Woodpecker has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.
     
     
556. Downy Woodpecker (*) ______ AK:may,jun  BC:sep  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  DE:may  IA:mar  KS:apr  NC:may,jun,aug  NE:mar  TX:may  WA:sep  WY:apr
     Picoides p. pubescens
     
     
     
     
     Downy Woodpecker
     (photo by Doris Potter)
     
     
557. Hairy Woodpecker (*) (ph) ______ AK:may,jun  AZ:jul,aug  BC:sep  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  DE:may  NC:jun  NE:mar  NF:jul  WA:sep  WY:apr
     Picoides villosus
     
     South of the US, the Hairy Woodpecker has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama.
     
     
     
     
     Hairy Woodpecker
     (photo by Doris Potter)
     
     
558. Red-cockaded Woodpecker (t3) (USe) (*) (ph) ______ NC:may,jun
     Picoides borealis
     
     
559. Nuttall's Woodpecker (*) ______  CA:sep
     Picoides nuttallii
     
     
560. White-headed Woodpecker (*) ______  CA:sep  WA:sep
     Picoides albolarvatus
     
     
561. American Three-toed Woodpecker (*) ______ AK:may,jun  WA:sep  (Until recently considered conspecific with what's now the Eurasian Three-toed Woodpecker, Picoides tridactylus) 
     Picoides dorsalis
     
     
562. Black-backed Woodpecker (*) ______ AK;may,jun  NF:jul
     Picoides arcticus
     
     
563. Arizona Woodpecker (*) ______ AZ:jul,aug,sep  (was called Strickland's Woodpecker, but the Arizona split from it; the Strickland's now in Mexico)   
     Picoides arizonae
     
     
564. Northern Flicker (*) ______ AK:jun  AZ:jan,jul,aug,sep  BC:sep  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  DE:may  IA:mar  KS:apr  NC:may,jun,jul,aug  NE:mar,apr  NF:jul  TX:apr  WA:sep  WY:apr
     Colaptes auratus collaris ("Red-shafted Flicker") (*) ______ AK:jun  AZ:jan,jul,aug,sep  BC:sep CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  KS:apr  TX:apr  WA:sep
     Colaptes a. auratus ("Yellow-shafted Flicker") (*) ______ CO:apr,jul  DE:may  IA:mar  NC:may,jun,jul,aug  NE:mar,apr  NF:jul  WY:apr  
     
     South of the US, the "Yellow-shafted" Northern Flicker has been seen during FONT tours in the Cayman Islands (an endemic subspecies, C. a. gundlachi ).  
     
     South of the US, the "Red-shafted" Northern Flicker has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico. 
     
     
565. Gilded Flicker (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jul,sep
     Colaptes chrysoides
     
     South of the US, the Gilded Flicker has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico (Sonora).
     
     
566. Pileated Woodpecker (*) (ph) ______ CA:sep  DE:may  FL:apr  NC:may,jun,aug  WA:sep
     Dryocopus pileatus
     
     
567. Ivory-billed Woodpecker ______  (apparently now extinct) 
     Campephilus principalis
     
     Recent DNA evidence (published in 2006) indicates that what has been said to be a subspecies of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker in Cuba, Campephilus principalis bairdii, is (was) not. 
     First described in 1863 as a separate species, the Cuban bird has been shown to be a species more closely related to the Imperial Woodpecker of Mexico than to the Ivory-billed Woodpecker of the southeastern United States. 
     By that year (2006), it may well have been that all 3 of these woodpeckers had become extinct.       
     
     
568. Great Spotted Woodpecker  (ph) ______  (r/US)
     Dendrocopos major 
     
     A widespread Eurasian species. Has occurred rarely in Alaska in the western Aleutian Islands & the Pribilof Islands, and more rarely on the mainland, including a bird north of Anchorage.
     
     Outside North America, the Great Spotted Woodpecker has been seen during FONT tours in Bulgaria, the Canary Islands, Hungary, Japan, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey.
     
     
     TITYRA & BECARDS
     
     
569. Masked Tityra ______  (r/US)
     Tityra semifasciata
     
     A Neotropical species, ranging from northwestern & northeastern Mexico south to Brazil. One was in south Texas at the Bentson-Rio Grande Valley State Park, from February 17 to March 10, 1990. 
     
     South of the US, the Masked Tityra has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Venezuela.
     
     
570. Rose-throated Becard (*) ______  (r/US)   AZ:jul  (r/AZ)
     Pachyramphus aglaiae
     
     A species of mostly Mexico & Central America. It has occurred rarely & locally in southeastern Arizona, and more rarely along the Rio Grande Valley of Texas, where it has bred. Occurrences in Texas have been mostly in the winter. 
     
     South of the US, the Rose-throated Becard has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.  
     
     
571. Gray-collared Becard  ______  (r/US)
     Pachyramphus major
     
     A species of Mexico and northern Central America. One occurred in the Chiricahua Mountains of southeastern Arizona on June 5, 2009. There was another (or the same) at another Chiricahua location on June 19, 2009.
      
     South of the US, the Gray-collared Becard has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Guatemala, Mexico.
     
     
     FLYCATCHERS
     
     
572. Greenish Elaenia ______  (r/US)
     Myiopagis viridicata
     
     A Neotropical species, occurring from southern Durango & southern Tamaulipas in Mexico south to northern Argentina. In North America, there is a record from the upper gulf coast of Texas at High Island from May 20 to 23, 1984.     
     
     South of the US, the Greenish Elaenia has been seen during FONT tours in Brazil, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.
     
     
573. White-crested Elaenia ______  (r/US)
     Elaenia albiceps chilensis
     
     A South American species. One was found along the Texas coast, at South Padre Island, on February 9, 2008. The bird, that called continuously, was determined to be the subspecies chilensis, an austral migrant that breeds in southern South America. To get to Texas, that long-distance traveler overshot even further.  
     
     A bird that was thought to be a Caribbean Elaenia, Elaenia martinica, was seen and photographed in Escambia County, Florida in April 1984. It may or may not have been. While the bird was certainly an elaenia, its identity as to a species could not be determined. The consideration came down to 2 species, either a White-crested or a Carbbean Elaenia.
     
     South of the US, the White-crested Elaenia has been seen during FONT tours in Argentina, Brazil, Chile (2 races), Ecuador.
     
     South of the US, the Caribbean Elaenia has been seen during FONT tours in Barbados, the Cayman Islands, Dominica, Mexico (Cozumel Island), Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent.        
     
     
574. Northern Beardless Tyrannulet (*) ______ AZ:jul
     Camptostoma imberbe
     
     South of the US, the Northern Beardless Tyrannulet has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico.
     
     
575. Olive-sided Flycatcher  (nt) (*) ______ AK:jun  AZ:aug  CA:sep  CO:jul  TX:may  WA:sep  (an alternate name could be Boreal Pewee)
     Contopus cooperi (previously Contopus borealis)
     
     South of the US, the Olive-sided Flycatcher has been seen during FONT tours Brazil (Amazonian; where rare), Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama.
     
     
576. Greater Pewee (*) ______ AZ:jul,aug,sep 
     Contopus pertinax
     
     South of the US, the Greater Pewee has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.
     
     
577. Western Wood Pewee (*) ______ AK:may,jun  AZ:jul,aug,sep  CA:sep  CO:jul  TX:apr  WA:sep
     Contopus sordidulus 
     
     South of the US, the Western Wood Pewee has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama.
     
     
578. Eastern Wood Pewee (*) ______ DE:may  FL:apr (DT)  NC:may,jun,aug  TX:apr,may
     Contopus virens
     
     South of the US, the Eastern Wood Pewee has been found during tours in the Brazil (Amazonian), Cayman Islands (during migration), Ecuador, Guatemala, Panama.
      
     
579. Cuban Pewee ______  (r/US)
     Conotopus caribaeus
     
     A West Indian species that is a resident of the northern Bahamas and Cuba. It has occurred in Florida at least 3 times, probably more. The most recent occurrence was at Long Pine Key in the Everglades National Park, September 5-27, 2010. 
     Two other documented occurrences were both in Boca Raton, in the early spring of 1995 and in the fall of 1999. Other possible occurrences, not well documented, were in Key Large in 2001,and "many years ago" at the Dry Tortugas.     
       
     
580. Yellow-bellied Flycatcher ______  NF:jul
     Empidonax flaviventris
     
     South of the US, the Yellow-bellied Flycatcher has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama.
      
     
581. Acadian Flycatcher (*) ______ DE:may  NC:may,jun  TX:may
     Empidonax virescens
     
     South of the US, the Acadian Flycatcher has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Honduras, Panama.  
     
     
582. Alder Flycatcher (*) ______ AK:jun  TX:may
     Empidonax alnorum
     
     South of the US, the Alder Flycatcher has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala.
     
     
583. Willow Flycatcher (*) ______ AZ:aug  CA:sep  CO:jul  DE:may  TX:may  WA:sep
     Empidonax trailii
     
     South of the US, the Willow Flycatcher has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama.
     
     
584. Least Flycatcher (*) ______ CA:sep  (r/CA)
     Empidonax minimus
     
     In California, seen at Point Reyes during the FONT West Coast Tour in September 1991.
     
     South of the US, the Least Flycatcher has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.
     
     
585. Hammond's Flycatcher (*) ______ AK:jun  AZ:sep
     Empidonax hammondii
     
     South of the US, the Hammond's Flycatcher has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala.
     
     
586. Gray Flycatcher (*) ______ AK:aug  CO:apr  TX:apr  WA:sep
     Empidonax wrightii
     
     South of the US, the Gray Flycatcher has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.
      
     
587. Dusky Flycatcher (*) (ph) ______ AZ:aug  CO:jul  KS:apr  (r/KS)  WA:sep
     Empidonax obehholseri 
     
     South of the US, the Dusky Flycatcher has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.
     
     
     
     
     Dusky Flycatcher
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
588. Cordilleran Flycatcher (*) ______ AZ:jul,aug,sep  CO:jul  NM:apr  TX:apr,may  WA:sep  (this & the Pacific-slope Flycatcher were formerly combined as Western Flycatcher, E. difficilis) 
     Empidonax occidentalis
     
     South of the US, the Cordilleran Flycatcher has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.
     
     
589. Pacific-slope Flycatcher (*) ______  CA:sep
     Empidonax difficilis
     
     
590. Buff-breasted Flycatcher (*) ______ AZ:jul,aug
     Empidonax fulvifrons
     
     South of the US, the Buff-breasted Flycatcher has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Mexico.
     
     
591. Northern Tufted Flycatcher ______  (r/US)
     Mitrephanes phaeocercus
     
     A Neotropical species ranging from Mexico to northern South America. In the northern part of its range (northern Mexico), it is migratory. In the US, it has rarely occurred, in the winter and early spring, in west Texas and in western Arizona.    
     
     South of the US, the Northern Tufted Flycatcher has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama.
     
     
592. Black Phoebe (*) ______ AZ:jan,jul,aug,sep  CA:sep  NM:apr  TX:apr,may
     Sayornis nigricans
     
     South of the US, the Black Phoebe has been seen during FONT tours in Argentina, Belize, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Venezuela.
      
     
593. Eastern Phoebe (*) ______ CO:apr  DE:may  IA:mar  KS:apr  NC:jun  NE:mar  OK:apr  TX:may
     Sayornis phoebe
     
     
594. Say's Phoebe (*) (ph) ______ AK:may  AZ:jan,jul,aug,sep  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  KS:apr  NE:mar  NM:apr  TX:apr,may  WA:sep
     Sayornis saya
     
     South of the US, the Say's Phoebe has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.
     
     
595. Vermilion Flycatcher (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jul,aug,sep  CO:apr  (r/CO)  NM:apr  TX:apr,may
     Pyrocephalus rubinus
     
     South of the US, the Vermilion Flycatcher has been seen during FONT tours in Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile (far-north), Chile, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, Venezuela.
     
     What was part of the Vermilion Flycatcher on the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador is now the Darwin's Flycatcher, Pyrocephalus nanus. It has been seen during FONT tours there.
     
     
596. Ash-throated Flycatcher (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jul,aug,sep  CA:sep  CO:apr  NM:apr  TX:apr,may
     Myiarchus cinerascens
     
     South of the US, the Ash-throated Flycatcher has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Mexico.
     
     
597. Great Crested Flycatcher (*) (ph) ______ DE:may  NC:may,jun,aug  TX:apr
     Myiarchus crinitus
     
     South of the US, the Great Crested Flycatcher has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico (where rare). 
     
     
598. Brown-crested Flycatcher (*) ______ AZ:jul,aug  TX:apr,may  (a former name was Wied's Crested Flycatcher) 
     Myiarchus tyrannulus
     
     South of the US, the Brown-crested Flycatcher has been seen during FONT tours in Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Venezuela.
     
     
599. Dusky-capped Flycatcher (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jul,aug
     Myiarchus tuberculifer
     
     South of the US, the Dusky-capped Flycatcher has been seen during FONT tours in Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Venezuela.
     
     
600. Nutting's Flycatcher ______  (r/US)
     Myiarchus nuttingi
     
     A species ranging from northwest Mexico to Costa Rica. There are very few winter records in the US, in southeast Arizona and in coastal southern California.
     The Nutting's Flycatcher is difficult to tell from the Ash-throated Flycatcher, a common species of the southwest US. The mouth-lining of the Nutting's Flycatcher is orange, not flesh-colored.
        
     South of the US, the Nutting's Flycatcher has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico.
     
     
601. La Sagra's Flycatcher ______  (r/US)
     Myiarchus sagrae 
     
     A West Indian species, in the Bahamas, Cuba, and the Cayman Islands. It was, at one time, conspecific with the Stolid Flycatcher also in the West Indies.
     The La Sagra's Flycatcher has rarely occurred in south Florida, mainly in the winter and spring, and more rarely in Alabama.
      
     South of the US, the La Sagra's Flycatcher has been seen during FONT tours in the Cayman Islands. 
     The closely-related Stolid Flycatcher has been seen during FONT tours in the Dominican Republic, Jamaica.
         
     
602. Great Kiskadee (*) (ph) ______ TX:may
     Pilangus sulphuratus
     
     South of the US, the Great Kiskadee has been seen during FONT tours in Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela.
     
     
603. Social Flycatcher  (ph) ______  (r/NA)
     Myiozetetes similis
     
     A common Neotropical species from northeastern & northwestern Mexico south to northeast Argentina. There is a documented record from the Bentson-Rio Grande Valley State Park, in south Texas, from January 7 to 14, 2005.    
     
     South of the US, the Social Flycatcher has been seen during FONT tours in Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Venezuela.
     
     
604. Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher (*) ______ AZ:jul,aug
     Myiodynastes luteiventris
     
     This species occurs rather commonly in southeastern Arizona in the summer, where it breeds. Otherwise in the US, it has been found rarely along the Gulf Coast and in coastal California.
     
     South of the US, the Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama.
      
     
605. Piratic Flycatcher ______  (r/US)
     Legatus leucophalus
     
     A Neotropical species, widespread and migratory. In the US, there have been occurrences at the Dry Tortugas in Florida (in March 1991), on an oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico (in Texas), at Big Bend National Park in Texas, and in eastern New Mexico.  
     
     South of the US, the Piratic Flycatcher has been seen during FONT tours in Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Venezuela.
      
     
606. Variegated Flycatcher ______  (r/NA)
     Empidonomus varius
     
     A Neotropical species. It has occurred very rarely in eastern North America.  
     
     South of the US, the Variegated Flycatcher has been seen during FONT tours in Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador, Venezuela. 
     
     
607. Crowned Slaty Flycatcher  ______  (r/US)
     Griseotyrannus aurantyoatocristatus
     
     A species of South America, where it is an austral migrant. One was found in Louisiana on June 3, 2008, in Cameron Parish, about 25 miles east of the Texas border. It was collected.
      
     South of the US, the Crowned Slaty Flycatcher has been seen during FONT tours in Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador.
     
     
608. Tropical Kingbird (*) (ph) ______  (r/US)   AZ:jul,aug,sep  TX:may  
     Tyrannus melancholicus
     
     South of the US, the Tropical Kingbird has been seen during FONT tours in Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela.
     
     
609. Couch's Kingbird (*) (ph) ______ TX:may  
     Tyrannus couchii
     
     South of the US, the Couch's Kingbird has been seen in Belize, Mexico.
     
     
610. Cassin's Kingbird (*) ______ AZ:jul,aug  CO:apr  NM:aug  TX:apr
     Tyrannus v. vociferans
     
     South of the US, the Cassin's Kingbird has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Mexico.
     
     
611. Western Kingbird (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jul,aug,sep  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  KS:apr  NM:apr,jul,aug  TX:apr,may
     Tyrannus verticalis
     
     South of the US, the Western Kingbird has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Mexico.
     
     
612. Eastern Kingbird (*) (ph) ______ CA:sep  CO:jul  DE:may  FL:apr (DT)  NC:may,jun,jul,aug  TX:apr,may
     Tyrannus tyrannus 
     
     In California, seen at Point Reyes in 1991 & 2005, both times during the FONT West Coast Tour in September.
     
     South of the US, the Eastern Kingbird has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama. 
     
     
     
     
     Eastern Kingbird
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
613. Gray Kingbird (*) (ph) ______ FL:apr (DT)
     Tyrannus dominicensis
     
     South of the US, the Gray Kingbird has been seen during FONT tours in Barbados, the Cayman Islands, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Honduras (Caribbean coast), Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent, Venezuela.
       
     
614. Loggerhead Kingbird ______  (r/US)
     Tyrannus caudifasciatus
     
     A West Indian species. There have been 3 recent occurrences (considered credible) in far-southern Florida. Two have been in Key West, on March 8, 2007 & April 12, 2009. Another was on the Dry Tortugas on March 14, 2008.  
     
     South of the US, the Loggerhead Kingbird has been seen during FONT tours in the Cayman Islands, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Puerto Rico. 
     
     
615. Thick-billed Kingbird (*) ______ AZ:jul,aug
     Tyrannus crassirostris
     
     South of the US, the Thick-billed Kingbird has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.
     
     
616. Scissor-tailed Flycatcher (*) (ph) ______ AZ:aug (r/AZ)  NM:apr (r/NM)  TX:apr,may
     Tyrannus forficalus  
     
     South of the US, the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama.
     
     
617. Fork-tailed Flycatcher  (ph) ______  (r/NA)
     Tyrannus savana
     
     A widespread Neotropical species, with the southernmost breeding race in South America being a long-distance austral migrant. The bird has occurred as a rarity many places in North America, with occurrences every year. In eastern North America, there have been records in the spring & fall, with most being in the fall. The few records in western North America have been in the fall. There are several winter records from the southwest US.        
     
     South of the US, the Fork-tailed Flycatcher has been seen during FONT tours Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, Paraguay, Venezuela.
     
     
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