PO Box 9021, Wilmington, DE 19809, USA
E-mail: font@focusonnature.com
Phone: Toll-free in USA 1-888-721-3555
 or 302/529-1876

 

The Birds of 
North America 


Shrikes to Pipits


Part 5 of a List and 
Photo Gallery of
North American Birds
compiled by Armas Hill

 

 


Noting those found during Focus On Nature Tours in Alaska, Arizona, British Columbia, California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Iowa, Kansas, North Carolina, Nebraska, Newfoundland, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, & Washington State, including offshore pelagic trips  

Birds found during FONT tours & pelagic trips have an (*).   


 PHOTO AT UPPER RIGHT: BLACK-CAPPED VIREO
(photo by Clair de Beauvior) 


CODES:

In the list that follows, birds found during FONT tours are noted, indicating the US state or Canadian province & the months when found.
(The codes below relate to the United States unless indicated otherwise.) 

AK:    Alaska
AZ:     Arizona
BC:    British Columbia, Canada (until 2001, during our West Coast Tours in September) 
CA:    California  (during our September West Coast Tours)
CO:    Colorado
DE:    Delaware (including offshore pelagic trips from DE and Delmarva land-birding and nature tours) 
FL:    Florida
IA:     Iowa  (with our Nebraska Tours in March)
KS:    Kansas  (with our Colorado Tours in April)
MD:   Maryland  (Delmarva tours)
NC:    North Carolina  (including offshore pelagic trips and spring & summer land-birding tours)
NE:    Nebraska  (tours in March & with our Colorado tours in April) 
NF:    Newfoundland, Canada
NM:   New Mexico  (with our West Texas Tours in the spring & our Arizona Tours in the late-summer)   
OK:   Oklahoma  (with our Colorado Tours in April)    
TX:    Texas
VA:    Virginia  (Delmarva tours and in conjunction with the NC Tour in the spring)
WA:   Washington State  (during our September West Coast Tours) 
WY:   Wyoming  (with our Colorado Tours in April)

During FONT pelagic trips:

DEP:    offshore from Delaware
CAP:    offshore from California  
NCP:    offshore from North Carolina 
NJP:    offshore from New Jersey
WAP:   offshore from Washington State 

The months when the birds have been found are with the above codes. 

(ac):        north of the Arctic Circle 
(DT):       in the area of the Dry Tortugas islands in Florida
(PI):        at the Pribilof Islands in Alaska


(USe):        endemic to the USA 
(USqe):      quasi (or nearly) endemic to the USA
(USeb):      endemic-breeder in USA 
(USneb):    near-endemic breeder in the USA
(NAi):         species introduced into North America
(NAri):        re-introduced species
(r/NA)         rare in North America
(r/US):        rare in the USA


(t): a globally threatened or rare species, designated by Birdlife International
(t1): critical   (t2): endangered   (t3): vulnerable
(nt): a near-threatened species globally


(ph):  species with a photo in the FONT web-site  

       
 Links to Bird Groupings in this part of this List:

 Shrikes    Vireos     Corvids    Waxwings & Allies    Chickadees & Titmice    

Martins & Swallows    Bushtit    Larks    Old World Warblers & Wrentit   Kinglets    

Wrens    Gnatcatchers    Nuthatches & Creeper    Thrashers    Starling & Myna

Thrushes    Chats & Old World Flycatchers    Dipper    Accentor    Wagtails & Pipits


Links to Other Parts of this North American Bird List:

Part #1: Grouse to Anhinga    Part #2:  Condor to Shorebirds    Part #3: Jaegers to Cuckoos  

Part #4:  Owls to Flycatchers    Part #6: Olive Warbler to Buntings  

Links to Lists of Birds of: 

Alaska    Arizona    California    Colorado    Delaware, Maryland, Virginia (Delmarva Peninsula)

North Carolina    Texas    Washington State

Links to Lists & Photo Galleries of Other Nature, including North American:

Mammals    Butterflies, Dragonflies    Amphibians, Reptiles    Marine Life, inc. Fish, Crustaceans

Links to Information about Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours:

in North America     by month in:   2015   2016   or:    by geographic location worldwide


Other Links:

Directory of Photos in this Website

A Photo Gallery of Birds that in North America would be Rare

List of Birds:


      Shrikes

  1. Loggerhead Shrike  (*) (ph)  ______  AZ:jan,jul,aug  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  DE:mar  FL:apr  IA:mar  KS:apr  NC:may  NE:mar  NM:apr,jul,aug  OK:apr  TX:mar,apr  WA:sep
    Lanius ludovicianus 

         The Loggerhead Shrike is declining across much of its range. In Canada, the eastern subspecies is considered critically endangered, with less than 35 pairs found in 2009. The vast majority of them breed in Ontario. A recovery (captive-breeding and release) program is underway for the species in Ontario, with approximately 100 juvenile shrikes released annually there since 2006.  

    South of the US, the Loggerhead Shrike has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.

  2. Northern Shrike  (*) (ph)  ______  AK:may,jun  NE:mar   
    Lanius excubitor

    Lanius excubitor     is called the Great Grey Shrike in Eurasia.

         Outside North America, the Great Grey, or Northern, Shrike has been seen during FONT tours in Japan (Hokkaido), Poland, Romania, Sweden.



    Northern Shrike
         (photo by Howard Eskin)
  3. Brown Shrike  ______  (r/NA)
    Lanius cristatus
    The Brown Shrike is an Asian species. It has occurred rarely in Alaska, in the spring and in the fall, in the western Aleutian Islands, St. Lawrence Island, and Anchorage. More rarely it has occurred in California, in the fall & winter. In eastern North America, there has been a late-fall occurrence in Nova Scotia, Canada.

    Outside North America, the Brown Shrike has been seen during FONT tours in Japan, including Hegura Island. 


    VIREOS
             
  4. White-eyed Vireo  (*) (ph)  ______  AZ:aug (r/AZ)  DE:may  FL:apr (DT)  NC:may,jun,aug  TX:mar,apr,may
    Vireo griseus

         South of the US, the White-eyed Vireo has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Guatemala, Mexico.



    White-eyed Vireo
     (photo by Dick Tipton) 

  5. Bell's Vireo  (nt) (*)  ______  AZ:jul,aug  NM:apr  TX:apr,may
    Vireo bellii

         South of the US, the Bell's Vireo has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Mexico.

  6. Black-capped Vireo  (t3) (USneb) (*) (ph)  ______  TX:may  
    Vireo atricapillus 

     The small breeding range of the Black-capped Vireo, mostly in the US in Texas, also extends into northern Mexico.  



    Black-capped Vireo
    (photo by Clair de Beauvior)

  7. Gray Vireo  (*) ______  AZ:jul  TX:apr,may
    Vireo vicinior      (monotypic)
  8. Yellow-throated Vireo  (*)  ______  AZ:jul,aug  (r/AZ)  DE:may  NC:jun
    Vireo flavifrons

         South of the US, the Yellow-throated Vireo has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama.

  9. Plumbeous Vireo  (*)  ______  AZ:jul,aug  CO:jul  TX:apr  
    Vireo plumbeus

         The Plumbeous Vireo, and the two following species, the Cassin's Vireo and the Blue-headed Vireo, were part of what was the Solitary Vireo.  

         South of the US, the Plumbeous Vireo has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.

  10. Cassin's Vireo  (*)  ______  CA:sep  WA:sep  
    Vireo cassinii

         South of the US, the Cassin's Vireo has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.

  11. Blue-headed Vireo  (*) (ph)  ______  NC:jun  TX:apr,may  
    Vireo solitarius

         South of the US, the Blue-headed Vireo has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico. 



    Blue-headed Vireo
         (photo by Howard Eskin) 

  12. Hutton's Vireo  (*)  ______  AZ:jul,aug,sep  CA:sep  TX:mar,apr  WA:sep
    Vireo huttoni

    South of the US, the Hutton's Vireo has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Honduras (where rare), Mexico.

  13. Warbling Vireo  (*)  ______  AZ:aug,sep  CA:sep  CO:jul  DE:may  TX:may  WA:sep
    Vireo gilvus

         South of the US, the Warbling Vireo has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico.

  14. Philadelphia Vireo  (*)  ______  TX:apr,may
    Vireo philadelphicus

         South of the US, the Philadelphia Vireo has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala.

  15. Red-eyed Vireo  (*)  ______  DE:may  FL:apr  NC:jun,aug  TX:may  WA:sep
    Vireo olivaceus

         South of the US, the Red-eyed Vireo has been seen during FONT tours in Brazil, Chile (where rare; far-north), Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico (where rare), Venezuela.

  16. Black-whiskered Vireo  (*)  ______  FL:apr (DT)
    Vireo altiloquus

         South of the US, the Black-whiskered Vireo has been seen during FONT tours in Barbados, the Cayman Islands (where uncommon), Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent. 

  17. Yellow-green Vireo ______  (r/US)
    Vireo flavoviridis
    The Yellow-green Vireo is a species of Mexico, Central America, & South America. It is migratory, with Central American breeders in South America during the non-breeding season. 
    In North America, it occurs rarely in coastal California in the fall, and in south Texas in the summer. More rarely, it occurs along the upper US Gulf Coast in the spring.

    South of the US, the Yellow-green Vireo has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama. 
        
  18. Thick-billed Vireo ______  (r/US)
    Vireo crassirostris
    The Thick-billed Vireo is a species of some of the West Indian islands. it has occurred rarely in southeast Florida, coming from the Bahamas.

    South of the US, the Thick-billed Vireo has been seen during FONT tours in the Cayman Islands.


    CORVIDS
          
  19. Gray Jay  (*) (ph)  ______  AK:may,jun  CO:apr,jul  NF:jul  WA:sep  WY:apr
    Perisoreus canadensis



    A Gray Jay photographed during a FONT tour in Colorado
  20. Steller's Jay  (*) (ph)  ______  AK:may,jun  AZ:jul,aug  BC:sep  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  WA:sep
    Cyanocitta stelleri

    In 1741, the naturalist Georg Steller joined Vitus Bering on a voyage from Siberia to Alaska. On July 20 of that year, Steller landed on Kayak Island, Alaska, but only for a few hours, to conduct the first exploration of natural science (both flora & fauna) in western North America, during which he encountered the jay that would later bear his name. It was described to science by Gmelin in 1788.    

    South of the US, the Steller's Jay has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Mexico.
  21. Blue Jay  (*) (ph)  ______  CO:apr,jul  DE:mar,apr,may  IA:mar  MD:apr  NC:may,jun,jul,aug  NE:mar,apr  TX:mar,may
    Cyanocitta cristata
  22. Green Jay  (*) (ph)  ______  TX:mar,may  
    Cyanocorax yncas
    South of the US, the Green Jay has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.

     What was the southern population of the Green Jay in South America is now distinct and called the Inca Jay. 



    Green Jay
     (photo by Marie Gardner) 

  23. Brown Jay  (ph)  ______  (r/US)  (The "white-tipped form" of northern Mexico occurs in far-southern Texas.)
    Psilorhinus     (formerly Cyanocorax) morio  (the single member of its genus)

         South of the US, the Brown Jay has been seen during FONT tour in Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.
     
  24. Western Scrub Jay  (*) (ph)  ______  AZ:jul,aug  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  TX:mar,apr,may  WA:sep
    Aphelocoma californica



    Western Scrub Jay
     (photo by Doris Potter)
  25. Florida Scrub Jay  (t3) (USe) ______
    Aphelocoma coerulescens
  26. Island Scrub Jay  (nt) (USe)  ______    
    Aphelocoma insularis 

         The Island Scrub Jay is not endemic to the United States, and to California, but also to the one offshore Channel Island of Santa Cruz.

  27. Mexican Jay  (*) (ph)  ______  AZ:jan,jul,aug,sep  TX:apr,may
    Aphelocoma wollweberi     (formerly ultramarina)

         South of the US, the Mexican Jay has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.
  28. Pinyon Jay  (t3)  ______  AZ:aug  CA:sep  CO:apr
    Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus      (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
  29. Clark's Nutcracker  (*)  ______  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  WA:sep
    Nucifraga columbiana      (monotypic)
  30. Black-billed Magpie  (*) (ph)  ______  AK:may,jun  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  NE:mar  WA:sep  WY:apr  
    Pica hudsonia      (monotypic)  

         The Black-billed Magpie was conspecific with the Eurasian Magpie, Pica pica. 



    Black-billed Magpie
    (photo by Ed Kendall)
  31. Yellow-billed Magpie  (USe) (*) (ph) ______ CA:sep
    Pica nuttalli
  32. American Crow  (*) (ph)  ______  AZ:aug  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  BC:sep  DE:mar,apr,may  FL:apr  IA:mar  KS:apr  MD:apr  NC:may,jun,jul,aug  NE:mar,apr  NF:jul  TX:mar,may  VA:mar  WA:sep  WY:apr
    Corvus brachyrhynchos



    American Crow
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
  33. Fish Crow  (USe) ______  DE:mar,apr,may  FL:apr  MD:apr  NC:may,jun,jul,aug  VA:mar
    Corvus ossifragus
  34. Northwestern Crow  (*) ______  AK:may,jun  BC:sep  WA:sep
    Corvus caurinus
  35. Chihuahuan Raven  (*) (ph) ______  AZ:jan,jul,aug  CO:apr  KS:apr  NM:apr,jul,aug  OK:apr  TX:mar,apr,may
    Corvus  cryptoleucus

         South of the US, the Chihuahuan Raven has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.

  36. Northern Raven  (*) (ph) ______  AK:may,jun (ac)  AZ:jan,jul,aug,sep  BC:sep  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  NE:apr  NF:jul  NM:apr,aug  OK:apr  TX:mar,apr,may  WA:sep  WY:apr
    Corvus corax 

         Outside North America, the Northern Raven has been seen during FONT tours in Andorra, Bulgaria, the Canary Islands (where the endemic subspecies is rare), France, Hungary, Iceland, Mexico, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey.  



    A Northern Raven
    The pink color in the background is 
    that of rock at the Painted Desert in Arizona.
         (photo by Doris Potter)
  37. Tamaulipas Crow ______  (r/US)    
    Corvus imparatus 

         The Tamaulipas Crow was called the Mexican Crow when that species also included what is now the Sinaloa Crow which is endemic to western Mexico. 

    The Tamaulipas Crow is a Mexican species. It first appeared in the US at the dump in Brownsville, Texas in the late 1960s.  
    Until recently, the species was present at Brownsville each winter since, but in varying numbers. Nesting occurred. 
    But during the decade 2001-2010, the population of the bird in that area sharply declined, when procedures at the dump were altered with the more rapid covering of trash. In the end, that has resulted in the departure of the species, causing the extirpation of the Tamaulipas Crow as a breeding species in Texas and in the US.

    A few nested in Brownsville until 2008 when there was the last successful nest.
    In 2010, all sightings of the Tamaulipas Crow in the Brownsville area were in March-May.
    From 2011, there have been no sightings if the species in the Brownsville area. 
      
  38. Western Jackdaw  (ph) ______  (r/NA)
    Coloeus     (formerly Corvus) monedula
    The Western Jackdaw is a European species that appeared in northeastern North America in the early 1980s. It was most likely ship-assisted. Occurrences were in Atlantic Canada, and in the US south to Pennsylvania. However, by the 1990s, reports were few, with the last in Newfoundland in April 1999.

    Outside North America, the Western Jackdaw has been seen during FONT tours in Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Turkey. 


    WAXWINGS & ALLIES
      
  39. Cedar Waxwing  (*) (ph)  ______  BC:sep  CO:apr,jul  DE:may  NC:jun  NE:mar  NF:jul  TX:mar,apr,may  WA:sep
    Bombycilla cedrorum

         South of the US, the Cedar Waxwing has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico.



    Two photos of Cedar Waxwings
    The orange tail-tips on the lower bird is diet-related.
    (photos by Howard Eskin)   




  40. Bohemian Waxwing  (*)  ______  AK:jun  WA:sep
    Bombycilla garrulus 

    The Bohemian Waxwing was seen in Washington State during the FONT West Coast Tour in September 1992.

    Outside North America, the Bohemian Waxwing has been seen during FONT tours in Japan, Poland.

     
  41. Phainopepla  (*) (ph)  ______  AZ:jan,jul,aug,sep  CA:sep  NM:apr  TX:apr,may
    Phainopepla nitens  

    South of the US, the Phainopepla has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.



    Phainopepla
    (photo by Howard Eskin)
  42. Gray Silky Flycatcher ______  (r/US)
    Ptilogonys cinereus
    The Gray Silky Flycatcher normally ranges from northern Mexico to Guatemala, mostly in mountains. It has occurred rarely in south Texas: at Laguna Atascosa Refuge from October 31 to November 11, 1985, and in El Paso from January 12 to March 5, 1995.
    Four well-documented occurrences in southern California have been questioned as to their origin, as they may have been caged birds, which is a strong Mexican custom.
     
    South of the US, the Gray Silky Flycatcher has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Mexico.


    CHICKADEES & ALLIES
          
  43. Black-capped Chickadee (*) (ph) ______  AK:may,jun  CO:apr,jul  IA:mar  KS:apr  NE:mar,apr  NF:jul  WA:sep  WY:apr
    Poecile     (formerly parus) atricapilla



    Black-capped Chickadee
    (photo by Doris Potter)
  44. Carolina Chickadee  (USe) (*) (ph)  ______  DE:mar,apr,may  MD:apr  NC:may,jun,jul,aug  TX:mar,may
    Poecile     (formerly Parus) carolinensis



    Carolina Chickadee
    (photo by Howard Eskin)
  45. Mountain Chickadee  (*)  ______ AZ:jul,aug  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  TX:apr  WA:sep  WY:apr
    Poecile     (formerly Parus) g. gambeli
  46. Chestnut-backed Chickadee  (*)  ______  AK:may,jun  BC:sep  CA:sep  WA:sep
    Poecile     (formerly Parus) rufescens
      
  47. Boreal Chickadee  (*)  ______  AK:may,jun  NF:jul 
    Poecile     (formerly Parus) hudsonicus
  48. Mexican Chickadee  (*)  ______  AZ:jul,aug,sep
    Poecile     (formerly Parus) sclateri

    South of the US, the Mexican Chickadee has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.

  49. Gray-headed Chickadee  ______  
    Poecile     (formerly Parus) cinctus

    Poecile cinctus     is called the Siberian Tit in Eurasia.

  50. Juniper Titmouse  (*)  ______  AZ:jul,aug  CO:apr  
    Baeolophus     (formerly Parus) ridgwayi 

    The Juniper Titmouse was, with the more-westerly Oak Titmouse (below), part of the former Plain Titmouse. 
  51. Oak Titmouse  (*)  ______  CA:sep  
    Baeolophus     (formerly Parus) inornatus 
  52. Tufted Titmouse  (*)  ______  DE:mar,apr,may  IA:mar  MD:apr  NC:may,jun,jul,aug  NE:mar
    Baeolophus     (formerly Parus) bicolor
  53. Black-crested Titmouse  (*)  ______ TX:mar,apr,may  
    Baeolophus     (formerly Parus) atricristatus

         South of the US, the Black-crested Titmouse has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.

    The Black-crested Titmouse has been considered conspecific with the Tufted Titmouse (above), B. bicolor. 



    A Black-crested Titmouse photographed in Texas
    (photo by Rhett Poppe)
  54. Bridled Titmouse  (*)  ______  AZ:jan,jul,aug,sep
    Baeolophus     (formerly Parus) wollweberi

    South of the US, the Bridled Titmouse has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.
      
  55. Verdin  (*) (ph)  ______  AZ:jul,aug,sep  TX:mar,apr
    Auriparus flaviceps ornatus        

         South of the US, the Verdin has been seen during a FONT tour in Mexico (Sonora).


    MARTINS & SWALLOWS
  56. Purple Martin  (*) (ph)  ______  AZ:jul,aug  DE:apr,may  DEP:jun  FL:apr  MD:apr  NC:may,jun,jul,aug  NE:mar  TX:mar,apr,may
    Progne subis

         South of the US, the Purple Martin has been seen during FONT tours in Brazil, the Cayman Islands (when migrating), Costa Rica (when migrating), Guatemala (when migrating), Honduras (when migrating), Jamaica (when migrating), Mexico, Panama (when migrating). The martins seen in the Cayman Islands and Jamaica could possibly have been Cuban Martins.  

  57. Brown-chested Martin (ph) ______  (r/US)
    Progne tapera

         The Brown-chested Martin is a South American species. The more-southerly subspecies, P. t. fusca, is an austral migrant to northern South America, and rarely into southern Central America. 
    In North America, it occurred on Monomoy Island, Massachusetts on June 12, 1983, a specimen, and in Cape May, New Jersey, November 6-15, 1997. Also it occurred more recently in southeast Massachusetts in October 2009.   

         South of the US, the Brown-chested Martin has been seen during FONT tours in Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador, Venezuela.
  58. Cuban Martin  ______  (r/US)
    Progne crytoleuca 

         The Cuban Martin nests on Cuba & the Isle of Pines. It is presumed to winter in South America. The adult male Cuban Martin strongly resembles the Purple Martin, but with a longer and more deeply forked tail. The females of the Cuban & Purple Martins are similar. Separation of the Cuban Martin from the Caribbean Martin is difficult. They, and the closely-related Sinaloa Martin of Mexico, have been said to be conspecific.
    A specimen of a Cuban Martin was taken in May 1895 in Key West, Florida. As far as known, there have been no North American occurrences since.
    The closely-related Caribbean Martin has been seen during FONT tours in Barbados, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent. 
    The Sinaloa Martin has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala (where it is a rarity). 
       
  59. Gray-breasted Martin ______  (r/US)
    Progne chalybea

         The Gray-breasted Martin breeds in Mexico as far north as southern Sonora and southern Tamaulipas. Its range extends south from there as far as Argentina. From the northern part of its range, it withdraws south in the winter. Old records in Texas were in April 1880 in Rio Grande City and in May 1889 in Hidalgo County. Other reports since have been unsubstantiated.
       
    South of the US, the Gray-breasted Martin has been seen during FONT tours in Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Venezuela.

  60. Southern Martin  ______  (r/US)
    Progne elegans

         The Southern Martin is a species of South America, where it is an austral migrant. A specimen was taken in Key West, Florida in August 1890.

    South of the US, the Southern Martin has been seen during FONT tours in Argentina. Until recently, the Peruvian Martin, Progne murphyi, and the Galapagos Martin, Progne modesta, were considered part of the Southern Martin.

  61. Tree Swallow  (*) (ph)  ______  AK:may,jun (ac) (PI)  AZ:jul  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  DE:apr,may  FL:apr (DT)  IA:mar  KS:apr  MD:apr  NC:may,aug  NE:mar,apr  NF:jul  TX:apr,may  VA:may  WY:apr 
    Tachycineta bicolor

         South of the US, the Tree Swallow has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto Rico.



    Above & below: Tree Swallows in flight
         (photos by Marie Gardner)
  62. Violet-green Swallow  (*)  ______  AK:may,jun  AZ:jul,aug,sep  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  NM:apr  TX:apr,may  WA:sep
    Tachycineta thalassina

         South of the US, the Violet-green Swallow has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Mexico.
     
  63. Bahama Swallow  (t3)  ______  (r/US)
    Tachycineta cyaneoviridis
    The Bahama Swallow is an endemic species of the Bahamas, where it breeds on northern islands. It occurs rarely in southern Florida, on the Keys and on the nearby mainland.  

  64. Mangrove Swallow  (ph) ______  (r/US)
    Tachycineta albilinea
    The Mangrove Swallow is a Central American species, ranging from central Sonora and northern Tamaulipas in Mexico south to Panama. A single adult occurred in Brevard County, Florida at the Viera Wetlands from November 18 to 25, 2002.
        
    South of the US, the Mangrove Swallow has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama.

  65. Northern Rough-winged Swallow  (*) (ph)  ______  AZ:jul,aug  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  DE:apr,may  FL:apr (DT)  KS:apr  NC:may,jun  NE:mar  TX:mar,apr,may  WA:sep
    Stelgidopteryx s. serripennis
    South of the US, the Northern Rough-winged Swallow has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico (where rare).

  66. Bank Swallow  (*)  ______  AK:may,jun (ac) (PI)  AZ:aug  DE:may  CO:apr  DE:may  TX:may  WA;sep  
    Riparia r. riparia

    Riparia riparia     is also called the Sand Martin, particularly so in the Old World. 

         Outside North America, the Bank Swallow, or Sand Martin, has been seen during FONT tours in Bulgaria, Hungary, Japan, Poland, Spain, Turkey, and south of the US in Argentina, Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul), Chile, Ecuador, Guatemala, Panama, Puerto Rico. 

  67. American Cliff Swallow  (*)  ______  AK:may,jun  AZ:jul,aug,sep  BC:sep  CO:apr,jul  DE:may  KS:apr  NC:may  NM:apr  TX:apr,may  WA:sep
    Petrochelidon pyrrhonota

    South of the US, the American Cliff Swallow has been seen during FONT tours in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama.

  68. Cave Swallow  (*) (ph)  ______  FL:apr (DT)  NM:apr  TX:mar,apr,may
    Petrochelidon fulva 

         South of the US, the Cave Swallow, Petrochelidon f. pallida, has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico, where there is also a second subspecies. The "Antillean" Cave Swallow, with 4 subspecies, has been seen during FONT tours in the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Puerto Rico.   



    Cave Swallow

  69. Barn Swallow  (*) (ph)  ______  AK:may,jun (ac)  AZ:jul,aug,sep  BC:sep  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  DE:apr,may  FL:apr (DT)  KS:apr  MD:apr  NC:may,jn,jul,aug  NE:apr  NM:apr,aug  OK:apr  TX:mar,apr,may  WA:sep  WY:apr
    Hirundo rustica erythrogaster  

         Outside North America, the Barn Swallow has been seen during FONT tours in Andorra, Bulgaria, the Canary Islands, France, Hungary, Iceland (where rare), Japan, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey. The Japanese name for the species "Tsubame" translates to "House Swallow".

    South of the US, the Barn Swallow has been seen in Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, the Cayman Islands, Chile, Costa Rica, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent, Venezuela.



    Barn Swallow
    (photo by Howard Eskin)

  70. Northern House Martin ______  (r/NA)
    Delichon urbicum
    The Northern House Martin is a Palearctic Old World species. In North America, it has occurred at both ends of the continent. It occurs rarely, mostly in the spring, in western Alaska. Off eastern North America, it has occurred on the French island of Saint-Pierre off Newfoundland. 

    Outside North America, the Northern House Martin has been seen during FONT tours in Andorra, Bulgaria, the Canary Islands, France, Hungary, Iceland (where rare), Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey. 


    BUSHTIT
           
  71. American Bushtit  (*) (ph)  ______  AZ:jan,jul,aug,sep  CA;sep  CO:apr  TX:apr,may  WA:sep
    Psaltriparus minimus plumbeus     ("Lead-colored Bushtit") 

    South of the US, the American Bushtit has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Mexico (including the black-eared form).



    In North American bird books it's just called the Bushtit,
    but it's 1 of 9 species of bushtits. All of the others are in the Old World. 
    The common bird of Eurasia called the Long-tailed Tit is in the same family, 
    thus the Long-tailed Bushtit.
    There are 10 subspecies of Bushtits in western North America south to Guatemala.
    The bird above is one of the "interior" subspecies.       
    (photo by Doris Potter)


    LARKS
  72. Horned Lark  (*) (ph)  ______  AK:jun  AZ:jan,jul,aug  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  DE:mar,apr,may  IA:mar  KS:apr  NE:mar,apr  NF:jul  OK:apr  TX:apr,may  WA:sep  WY:apr  
    Eremophila alpestris  

         Outside North America, where Eremophila alpestris is called the Shore Lark, it has been seen during FONT tours in Poland, Turkey. In Turkey, it was no where near the shore, but high in the Caucasus Mountains, E. a. penicillata.  

    South of the US, the Horned Lark has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.



    Horned Lark
    (photo by Howard Eskin)

     
  73. Eurasian Skylark  (*)  ______  AK:may,jun (PI)  BC:sep  WA:sep
    Alauda arvensis 

    In Washington State (formerly) & British Columbia, introduced. In Alaska, not so.      

    The highly migratory Asian race, pekinensis, occurs rarely in Alaska, on the western Aleutian Islands, the Pribilof Islands, and on St. Lawrence Island. It has occurred more rarely, in winter, in Washington State and northern California.    

    The widespread European race, arvensis, was introduced to Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada in the early 1900s. It still exists there & nearby in southwestern Canada, but in the US in the San Juan Islands of Washington State, it is now said to be extirpated. 

    Outside North America, the Eurasian Skylark has been during FONT tours in Bulgaria, France, Hungary, Japan (including Hegura Island), Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey. 
     
  74. Red-whiskered Bulbul  (NAi)  ______
    Pycnonotus jocosus


         OLD WORLD WARBLERS
  75. Lanceolated Warbler  ______  (r/US)
    Locustella lanceolata

         The Lanceolated Warbler is an Old World species, mainly in Asia. It occurs rarely in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. There were many, however, in the spring & summer of 1984 on the outermost of the Aleutians, Attu. It has occurred more rarely in California in the fall.

     Outside North America, the Lanceolated Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Japan. 
      
  76. Middendorff's Grasshopper Warbler ______  (r/US)
    Locustella ochotensis

    The Middendorff's Grasshopper Warbler is an east Asian species, that can be quite secretive. It occurs rarely on the westernmost Aleutian Islands, Alaska in the fall, but it also has a few times in spring to summer. Other occurrences in Alaska have been on the Pribilof Islands and on St Lawrence and Nunivak islands. 
       
  77. Sedge Warbler ______  (r/US)
    Acrocephalus schoenobaenus 
    An Old World species. One was seen on Saint Lawrence Island, Alaska on September 30 2007. 

    The Sedge Warbler is a species is of western Eurasia. It might be noted that geographically the closest similar bird in that genus to Alaska is the Manchurian Reed Warbler, Acrocephalus tangorum. 

  78. Arctic Warbler (*) ______  AK:jun
    Phylloscopus borealis
    Although mostly an Old World species, the Arctic Warbler is a fairly common breeder in western & central Alaska. It is a highly migratory species. Those that spend the summer in Alaska, winter in Philippines. It has occurred rarely further south in North America, in California.

    Outside North America, the Arctic Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Japan, including Hegura island..
     
  79. Dusky Warbler  ______  (r/US)
    Phylloscopus fuscatus
    The Dusky Warbler is an Asian species. It occurs rarely on islands off western Alaska, and in the fall off south-coastal Alaska and in California.

    Outside North America, the Dusky Warbler has been seen during a FONT tour in Japan on Hegura Island. 

  80. Willow Warbler  ______  (r/NA)
    Phylloscopus trochilus
    The Willow Warbler is a migratory Old World species. It occurred in Alaska, on St. Lawrence Island, from August 25 to 30, 2002, and since. At the other end of North America, there is a record of a specimen taken on northeast Greenland.

  81. Wood Warbler  ______  (r/US)
    Phylloscopus sibilatrix
    The Wood Warbler is an Old World species that breeds in the western Palearctic and winters in tropical Africa. It has occurred in western Alaska. One was collected on Shemya island in the western Aleutians on October 9, 1978. One was photographed on St. Paul Island, in the Pribilofs, on October 7, 2004.

    Outside North America, the Wood Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Sweden.

  82. Yellow-browed Warbler  (ph)  ______  (r/US)
    Phyllosscopus inornatus
    The Yellow-browed Warbler is an Old World species that breeds mostly in the northeast Palearctic. It has occurred on St. Lawrence Island, Alaska, on August 30, 1992 and September 12 to 14, 1999, and subsequently. Photographs were taken of the first 2 birds, and since. 

    Outside North America, the Yellow-browed Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Japan (including Hegura Island), Sweden. 
     
  83. Pallas's Leaf Warbler  ______  (r/US)  (very similar to the preceding species, the Yellow-browed Warbler)
    Phylloscopus proregulus
    Pallas's Leaf Warbler     is an east Asian species. One occurred on St. Lawrence Island, Alaska on September 25, 2006.
  84. Lesser Whitethroat ______  (r/NA)
    Sylvia curruca

         The Lesser Whitethroat is an Old World species. One was photographed on St. Lawrence Island, Alaska, September 8-9, 2002.

    Outside North America, the Lesser Whitethroat has been seen during FONT tours in Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Turkey.

  85. Wrentit  (*)  ______  CA:sep
    Charmaea fasciata        

    The Wrentit has been moved from the family of Babblers, TIMALIIDAE, to SYLVIIDAE, the "classic Old World Warblers". 


         KINGLETS
  86. Golden-crowned Kinglet  (*) (ph)  ______  AK:may  AZ:aug  BC:sep  CO:apr  NE:mar  WA:sep
    Regulus satrapa

         South of the US, the Golden-crowned Kinglet has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.



    Golden-crowned Kinglet
    (photo by Howard Eskin)

  87. Ruby-crowned Kinglet  (*) (ph)  ______  AK:may,jun  AZ:jan,jul,sep  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  DE:may  NE:mar  NF:jul  TX:mar,apr  WA:sep  WY:apr
    Regulus c. calendula 

         South of the US, the Ruby-crowned Kinglet has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Mexico.

    A Ruby-crowned Kinglet showing the ruby crown.
         (photographed in Texas by Rhett Poppe)

    WRENS
  88. Cactus Wren  (*) (ph)  ______  AZ:jan,jul,aug,sep  NM:apr,jul  TX:apr,may
    Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus 

     South of the US, the Cactus Wren has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.



    Cactus Wrens photographed during a FONT tour 
         (photo by Doris Potter)  

  89. Rock Wren  (*) (ph)  ______  AZ:jul,aug  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  NM:apr  TX:apr  WA:sep 
    Salpinctes obsoletus

         South of the US, the Rock Wren has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico (Sonora).



    A Rock Wren in a light rain, and on a rock
         (photo by Doris Potter)
  90. Canyon Wren  (*)  ______  AZ:jan,jul,aug  CO:apr,jul  NM:apr  TX:mar,apr,may  WA:sep
    Catherpes mexicanus
    South of the US, the Canyon Wren has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.
  91. Carolina Wren  (*) (ph)  ______  DE:mar,apr,may  NC:may,jun,aug  TX:mar,apr,may
    Thryothorus indovicianus

    South of the US, a form of the Carolina Wren, also known a the "White-browed Wren", has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Mexico. There are 4 Carolina Wren subspecies that are resident in Mexico & Guatemala.   

  92. Sinaloa Wren  (*)  ______  (r/US)   AZ:aug,sep   (was called the Bar-vented Wren)
    Thryothorus sinaloa

    The Sinaloa Wren, seen during the FONT Southern Arizona Tour in August/September 2008, was the first in the US & outside Mexico for that species.    

    The Sinaloa Wren, referred to above, was discovered in the Patagonia-Sonoita Creek Preserve in southern Arizona on August 25, 2008. It sang loudly for prolonged periods, built a nest, and continued in that same area until the end of 2009. A second bird was found in Arizona on April 14, 2009 in the Huachuca Canyon.
      
    South of the US, the Sinaloa Wren has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.   

  93. Bewick's Wren  (*)  ______  AZ:jan,jul,aug,sep  CA:sepr  CO:apr  KS:apr  NE:mar  NM:apr  TX:mar,apr,may  WA:sep
    Thryomanes bewickii 

    South of the US, the Bewick's Wren has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.
  94. House Wren  (*) (ph)  ______  AZ:jul,aug  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  DE:apr,may  NC:jun  TX:apr  WA:sep  
    Troglodytes aedon

         The House Wren here includes in Arizona the "Brown-throated" House Wren. 

         South of the US, the House Wren has been seen during FONT tours in Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Dominica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent, Venezuela.
    In Central & South America, populations are the "Southern House Wren". 
      
  95. Winter Wren  (ph) ______
    Troglodytes hiemalis



    Winter Wren
         (photo by Howard Eskin)

  96. Pacific Wren  (*)  ______  AK:may,jun  BC:sep  CA:sep  CO:apr  WA:sep
    Troglodytes pacificus 

  97. Eurasian Wren  (*) ______  AK:may,jun (PI)
    Troglodytes troglodytes alascensis      (endemic subspecies on the Pribilof Islands)

    The Eurasian Wren has been seen during FONT tours in Bulgaria, Hungary, Iceland, Japan, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey.
  98. Sedge Wren  (*) (ph)  ______  DE:may
    Cistothorus platensis 

    South of the US, the Sedge Wren has been seen during FONT tours in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador. In South America, the English name of this species has been Grass Wren.    



    Sedge Wren

  99. Marsh Wren (*) (ph)  ______  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  DE:may  NC:may,jun  TX:mar,apr,may  VA:may  WA:sep  WY:apr
    Cistothorus palustris 



    Marsh Wren
     (photo by Kim Steininger)


    GNATCATCHERS

  100. Blue-gray Gnatcatcher  (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jul,aug,sep  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  DE:may  MD:may  NC:may,jun  NM:apr  TX:mar,apr,may
    Polioptila caerulea obscura

         South of the US, the Blue-gray Gnatcatcher has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Guatemala, Mexico.



    A Blue-gray Gnatcatcher photographed in Texas
    (photo by Rhett Poppe) 
  101. Black-tailed Gnatcatcher (*) ______ AZ:jul,aug  TX:apr,may
    Polioptila m. melanura 
  102. California Gnatcatcher ______
    Polioptila californica
  103. Black-capped Gnatcatcher ______  (r/US)
    Polioptila nigriceps 

         The Black-capped Gnatcatcher is a west Mexican species. It occurs rarely in southeast Arizona.

    South of the US, the Black-capped Gnatcatcher has been seen during a tour in Mexico (Sonora).


    NUTHATCHES
           
  104. Red-breasted Nuthatch  (*) (ph)  ______  AK:may,jun  AZ:jul,aug  BC:sep  CA:sep  CO:apr  NE:mar  WA:sep  WY:apr
    Sitta canadensis



    Red-breasted Nuthatch
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
  105. White-breasted Nuthatch  (*) (ph)  ______  AZ:jan,jul,aug,sep  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  DE:mar,apr,may  IA:mar  KS:apr  NC:may,jun  NE:mar  TX:apr,may  WA:sep  WY:apr 
    Sitta carolinensis 
    South of the US, the White-breasted Nuthatch has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.
  106. Pygmy Nuthatch  (*) (ph)  ______  AZ:jan,jul,aug,sep  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  WA:sep
    Sitta pygmaea
    South of the US, the Pygmy Nuthatch has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.
  107. Brown-headed Nuthatch  (*) (ph)  ______  DE:apr,may  NC:may,jun,jul,aug
    Sitta pusilla



    Brown-headed Nuthatch
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
  108. Brown Creeper  (*) (ph)  ______  AK:may,jun  AZ:jul,aug,sep  BC:sep  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  NE:mar  WA:sep
    Certhia americana  

         South of the US, the Brown Creeper has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico. 

    An alternate name for Certhia amerciana could be the "American Treecreeper". Other species in the genus in the world are called "treecreepers". 



    A Brown Creeper, not on a tree, but on a rock jetty along the seashore
    (photo by Howard Eskin)


     THRASHERS
  109. Gray Catbird  (*) (ph)  ______  CO:apr,jul  DE:apr,may  FL:apr (DT)  NC:may,jun,jul,aug  TX:apr,may
    Dumetella carolinensis      (monotypic, and now the single member of its genus)
    South of the US, the Gray Catbird has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, the Cayman Islands (in migration), Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.



    Gray Catbird
    (photo by Marie Gardner)
      
  110. Northern Mockingbird  (*) (ph)  ______  AZ:jan,jul,aug,sep  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  DE:mr,apr,may  FL:apr  KS:apr  MD:apr  NC:may,jun,jul,aug  NM:apr,jul  TX:mar,apr,may
    Mimus polyglottos

         South of the US, the Northern Mockingbird has been seen during FONT tours in the Cayman Islands, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto Rico.

  111. Bahama Mockingbird  ______  (r/US)
    Mimus gundlachii
    The Bahama Mockingbird is a West Indian species, in the Bahamas, and on Cuba & Jamaica. It occurs rarely in Florida.
     
    South of the US, the Bahama Mockingbird has been seen during FONT tours in Jamaica.
     
  112. Blue Mockingbird  ______  (r/US)
    Melanotis caerulescens
    The Blue Mockingbird is a Mexican species. It occurs rarely in southeast Arizona and more rarely in southern Texas, New Mexico, and southern California.

    South of the US, the Blue Mockingbird has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico. The closely-related Blue-and-white Mockingbird has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala.

  113. Sage Thrasher  (*) (ph)  ______  CO:apr,jul  WA:sep  
    Oreoscoptes montanus



    A Sage Thrasher photographed in the early morning sunlight
    during a FONT Colorado tour in April 
  114. Brown Thrasher  (*) (ph)  ______  COapr,jul  DE:may  NC:may,jun,aug
    Toxostoma rufum



    Brown Thrasher
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
  115. Long-billed Thrasher  (*)  ______  TX:may
    Toxostoma longirostre

         South of the US, the Long-billed Thrasher has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.

  116. Curve-billed Thrasher  (*) (ph)  ______  AZ:jan,jul,aug,sep  NM:apr,jul  TX:apr,may 
    Toxostoma curvirostre

         South of the US, the Curve-billed Thrasher has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.



         Curve-billed Thrasher
    (photo by Dwight Molotsky)
  117. Crissal Thrasher  (*)  ______  AZ:jul,sep  TX:apr,may 
    Toxostoma crissale
  118. California Thrasher  (*)  ______  CA:sep
    Toxostoma redivivum
  119. Bendire's Thrasher  (t3) (*)  ______  AZ:jul
    Toxostoma bendirei

         South of the US, the Bendire's Thrasher has been seen during a FONT tour in Mexico (Sonora).
     
  120. LeConte's Thrasher  (*)  ______  AZ:aug,sep
    Toxostoma lecontei


         STARLING & MYNA 
  121. Common Starling  (NAi) (*) (ph)  ______  AZ:jan,jul,aug,sep  BC:sep  CA;sep  CO:apr,jul  DE:mar,apr,may  FL:apr  IA:mar  KS:apr  MD:apr  NC:may,jun,jul,aug  NE:mar,apr  NF:jul  NM:apr  OK:apr  TX:mar,apr,may  WA:sep  WY:apr 
    Sturnus vulgaris

    Outside North America, the Common Starling has been seen during FONT tours in Argentina (not native), Bulgaria, the Canary Islands, France Hungary, Iceland (where recently established), Jamaica (not native), Japan (where rare in the winter), Mexico (not native), Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain (in the winter), Sweden, Turkey.

  122. Common Myna  (NAi) (*) ______ FL:apr
    Acridotheres tristis

         Outside North America, the Common Myna has been seen during FONT tours, where not native, in the Canary Islands and Spain.

  123. Crested Myna  (NAi) (*) ______ BC:sep
    Acridotheres cristatellus
    As of 2003, the introduced Crested Myna in the Vancouver area of British Columbia was extirpated. It had been there during most of the 20th Century. It was seen during 9 FONT West Coast Tours (all the tours prior to 2002).    

  124. Hill Myna  (NAi)  ______
    Gracula religiosa

         South of the US, the Hill Myna has been seen during FONT tours in Puerto Rico (where it is not native).


    THRUSHES
  125. Townsend's Solitaire (*) ______ COapr,jul  TX:apr  WA:sep  WY:apr
    Myadestes t. townsendi 

  126. Brown-backed Solitaire ______  (r/US)
    Myadestes occidentalis
    The Brown-backed Solitaire is a species of Mexico and northern Central America. 
    In Arizona, one was found on July 16, 2009 at Miller Canyon in the Huachuca Mountains. It was found by a group of young campers. A few days later, they & the bird were stars of a National Public Radio program. That same bird, or another, was at the nearby Ramsey Canyon on July 18, 2009.
    The previous decade, in October 1996, a Brown-backed Solitaire was at the Madeira Canyon in southern Arizona. There's been a question as to the origin of this species as a vagrant. In parts of Mexico, because of its song, it is one of the most common of cage birds. Having said that, though, it is also common outdoors in the hilly, forested countryside of Mexico.     

  127. Veery  (*)  ______  DE:may  TX:may
    Catharus fuscescens

         South of the US, the Veery has been found during FONT tours in Brazil.

  128. Gray-cheeked Thrush  (*)  ______  AK:may,jun  FL:apr (DT)  NF:jul  TX:apr
    Catharus minimus

         South of the US, the Gray-cheeked Thrush has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico.

  129. Bicknell's Thrush  (t3)  ______
    Catharus bicknelli

         South of the US, the Bicknell's Thrush has been found during FONT tours in the Dominican Republic.

  130. Swainson's Thrush  (*)  ______  AK:jun  CA:sep  CO:jul  FL:apr (DT)  TX:apr,may  WA:sep
    Catharus ustulatus

         South of the US, the Swainson's Thrush has been seen during FONT tours in Argentina, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama.

  131. Hermit Thrush  (*) (ph)  ______  AK:may,jun  AZ:jul,aug  COapr,jul  DE:mar,apr  NE:mar  NF:jul  TX:apr  WA:sep 
    Catharus guttatus

         South of the US, the Hermit Thrush has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.



    Hermit Thrush
     (photo by Kim Steininger)
  132. Orange-billed Nightingale-Thrush  ______  (r/US)
    Catharus amantiirostris

         The Orange-billed Nightingale-Thrush is a Neotropical species, occurring in Mexico, Central America, and northern South America. 2 of 3 US records have been in south Texas, where a bird was photographed, after being caught at a bird banding station, on April 8, 1996 at the Laguna Atascosa Refuge, and there was a specimen, from a window-kill, in Edinburg on May 28, 2004.

    Later, amazingly, the 3rd US record was in July 2010 in South Dakota! It was in the Spearfish Canyon in the western part of the state, near the Wyoming border, about 1,300 miles north of south Texas. The South Dakota bird was photographed, and it was seen by good number of people as it continued through July in the area where it was found.
      
    South of the US, the Orange-billed Nightingale-Thrush has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama.

  133. Black-headed Nightingale-Thrush  ______  (r/US)
    Catharus mexicanus 

         The Black-headed Nightingale-Thrush is a Neotropical species, occurring in Mexico and Central America. One was in south Texas, in Pharr, from May 28 to October 29, 2004.

    South of the US, the Black-headed Nightingale-Thrush has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Mexico.

  134. Wood Thrush  (*) ______ DE:may  FL:apr (DT)  MD:may  NC:may,jun  TX:may 
    Hylocichia mustelina

         South of the US, the Wood Thrush has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.

  135. Clay-colored Thrush  (*)  ______  (r/US)  TX:may   
    Turdus grayi 

    The Clay-colored Thrush is a species of Mexico & Central America. It occurs rarely in southernmost Texas, where even more rarely it breeds. 

    South of the US, the Clay-colored Thrush has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama.

    Turdus grayi has been called the Clay-colored Robin.

  136. American Robin  (*) (ph)  ______  AK:may,jun (ac)  AZ:jan,jul,aug,sep  BC:sep  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  DE:mar,apr,may  IA:mar  KS:apr  MD:apr  NC:may,jun,jul,aug  NE:mar,apr  NF:jul  OK:apr  TX:mar,may  VA:mar  WA:sep  WY:apr  
    Turdus migratorius

         In the US, the American Robin occurs commonly in all of the states on the North American continent.

    South of the US, the American Robin has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico. 

    The American Robin should be called American Thrush, but that will never happen.



    Above: a nest with 4 very young American Robins, outside the window
    of Armas Hill's nearly 90 year old Aunt Mae in New Hampshire.
    (photo by Armas' cousin, Barbara, in June 2014).
    After about 2 weeks, all 4 of the young successfully fledged.  
    Below: an adult American Robin      (photo by Howard Eskin)

  137. Rufous-backed Robin  (*)  ______  (r/US)   AZ:jul   
    Turdus rufopalliatus

         The Rufous-backed Robin is a west Mexican species. It occurs rarely in southern Arizona, and more rarely in southern & southwestern Texas and in southern California.   
    A single Rufous-backed Robin was seen during the FONT Southern Arizona Tour in July 2007. 

    South of the US, the Rufous-backed Robin has been seen during FONT tours Mexico.

    Turdus rufopalliatus     should really be called the Rufous-backed Thrush. 

  138. Eye-browed Thrush  (*) ______  (r/US)   AK:may (PI)   
    Turdus obscurus 
    The Eye-browed Thrush is a migratory Asian species. It occurs rarely, but regularly, in the spring in Alaska in the Aleutian and Pribilof Islands, and more rarely on those islands in the fall and elsewhere in Alaska on St. Lawrence Island and in the northern part of the state. It has occurred, as a vagrant, in California in the late spring.    

    Outside North America, the Eye-browed Thrush has been seen during FONT tours in Japan, including Hegura Island. 

    Another common name for Turdus obscurus is the Gray-headed Thrush.

  139. Dusky Thrush  (ph) ______  (r/NA)  
    Turdus eunomus

         The Dusky Thrush is an east Asian species. Occurs rarely in the spring in Alaska on the western Aleutian Islands, and more rarely on St. Lawrence Island and Point Barrow (as far north as a bird can be in Alaska!). 
    Has also occurred in the winter as far south as coastal Washington State.     

     Outside North America, the Dusky Thrush, and the Naumann's Thrush, have been seen during FONT tours in Japan, including Hegura Island. 

     The Naumann's Thrush, of Asia, Turdus naumanni, has been split from the Dusky Thrush.
  140. Fieldfare ______  (r/NA)
    Turdus pilaris
    The Fieldfare is an Eurasian species. It breeds across northern Eurasia. In North America, it occurs rarely at both ends of the continent. In northeastern North America, it has occurred as a vagrant inland to Ontario and Minnesota. It occurs rarely in Alaska.

    Outside North America, the Fieldfare has been seen during FONT tours in Poland, Romania, Sweden.
      
  141. Redwing  (ph) ______  (r/NA)
    Turdus iliacus

         The Redwing is a Eurasian species. It occurs rarely in Newfoundland, Canada, mainly in the winter. More rarely it has occurred south to Long Island, New York, and Bucks County, Pennsylvania. It has occurred as a vagrant in coastal Washington State.

    Outside North America, the Redwing has been seen during FONT tours in Iceland, Poland, Spain, Sweden.

  142. Common Blackbird ______  (r/NA)  (has also been called Eurasian Blackbird)
    Turdus merula
    The Common Blackbird is an Old World species, mostly in the western Palearctic region. A male was found dead in Bonavista, Newfoundland, Canada on November 16, 1994. There have been other North American records, mainly in northeastern Canada. The species has occurred on occasion (a dozen or so times) in Greenland.

    Outside North America, the Common Blackbird has been seen during FONT tours in Andorra, Bulgaria, the Canary Islands, France, Hungary, Iceland (where recently established), Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Turkey.  

  143. White-throated Thrush  ______  (r/US)
    Turdus assimilis 

         The White-throated Thrush is a Neotropical species of Mexico & Central America. It has occurred rarely in southernmost Texas in the winter. 

     What was the southernmost race of the White-throated Thrush in northern South America is now the Dagua Thrush, Turdus daguae.
    South of the US, the White-throated Thrush has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama.

  144. Song Thrush  ______  (r/NA)
    Turdus philomelos
    The Song Thrush is a European species. In North America, one occurred  on November 11, 2006 in a yard in Saint Fulgence, Saguenay Lac St. Jean, Quebec, Canada. In Iceland, earlier that fall, about 3 dozen was an unusual occurrence there.  

    Outside the US, the Song Thrush has been seen during FONT tours in Bulgaria, France, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey.

  145. Red-legged Thrush  (ph)  ______  (r/US)
    Turdus plumbeus
    The Red-legged Thrush is a West Indian species. On May 31, 2010, one occurred at Maritime Hammock in Brevard County, Florida. That afternoon, the bird was photographed. Later, it was not to be found again..   

    South of the US, the Red-legged Thrush has been seen during FONT tours in Dominica (a rare endemic subspecies), the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico.
     
  146. Varied Thrush (*) (ph)  ______  AK:may,jun  NE:mar  WA:sep 
    Ixoreus naevius



    Varied Thrush
         (photo by Howard Eskin)

  147. Aztec Thrush  ______  (r/US)
    Ridgwayia pinicola
    The Aztec Thrush is a Mexican species. It occurs rarely, and irregularly, in southeast Arizona, mainly in the late summer. It has occurred more rarely in southwestern Texas and along the central Texas Gulf Coast.
     
  148. Eastern Bluebird  (*) (ph)  ______  AZ:jul,aug  CO:apr  DE:mar,apr,may  IA:mar  KS:apr  MD:apr  NC:may,jun,aug  NE:mar,apr  TX:mar,may
    Sialia sialis

         South of the US, the Eastern Bluebird has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Mexico (in both countries, non-migratory resident subspecies).



    Above: an adult male Eastern Bluebird
     (photo by Howard Eskin)

    Below:  Eastern Bluebirds huddled together as darkness started to fall 
    at the end of a snowy and cold day during the winter in early 2014.
    In Massachusetts, where this photo was taken, the winter of 2013-14
    was one with much snow (the most ever) and very cold temperatures.
    But through it, these birds survived.
    (photo by Nancy Ohringer)  

  149. Western Bluebird  (*) (ph)  ______  AZ:jul,aug  CA;sep  CO:apr,jul  TX:apr  WA:sep
    Sialia mexicana jacoti

         South of the US, the Western Bluebird has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico (Sonora).



    Western Bluebird
         (photo by Doris Potter)
  150. Mountain Bluebird  (*) (ph)  ______  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  TX:apr  WA:sep  WY:apr
    Sialia currucoides

         South of the US, the Mountain Bluebird has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico (Sonora).



    A male Mountain Bluebird photographed during a FONT tour 
     (photo by Rick Greenspun) 


    CHATS & OLD WORLD FLYCATCHERS
  151. Bluethroat  (*) (ph) ______ AK:may,jun
    Luscinia svecica
    The Bluethroat is primarily Old World species, but it nests in western Alaska in tundra thickets. It occurs as a migrant on St. Lawrence Island, and more rarely on the Pribilof Islands and in the western Aleutians.

    Outside North America, the Bluethroat has been seen during FONT tours in Hungary, Japan (including Hegura Island), Poland, Spain.
     
  152. Siberian Rubythroat  (ph) ______  (r/US)
    Luscinia calliope
    The Siberian Rubythroat is an Asian species. It occurs rarely, in the spring & fall, in Alaska in the western Aleutian Islands, and more rarely, also in Alaska, in the Pribilof Islands and on St. Lawrence Island.

    Outside North America, the Siberian Rubythroat has been seen during FONT tours in Japan, including Hegura Island.

  153. Siberian Blue Robin  ______  (r/US)
    Luscinia cyane

         The Siberian Blue Robin is a migratory Asian species. There is a specimen from Attu Island, in the Aleutians, Alaska, from May 21, 1985.  

    Outside North America, the Siberian Blue Robin has been seen during FONT tours in Japan, including Hegura Island.

  154. Red-flanked Bluetail  (ph)  ______  (r/US)
     Tarsiger (has been Luscinia) cyanurus
    The Red-flanked Bluetail is a primarily Asian species. It occurs rarely in Alaska in the western Aleutian Islands and the Priblof Islands, mainly in the spring. It has occurred, as a vagrant, in the late fall, on the Farallones Islands, off the California coast.

    Outside North America, the Red-flanked Bluetail has been seen during FONT tours in Japan, including Hegura Island.
      
  155. Swinhoe's Robin  (ph) ______  (r/US)  
    Luscinia sibilans

         Luscinia sibilans has also been called the Rufous-tailed Robin.  
         It is an east Asian species. One occurred in the Pribilof Islands, in Alaska on June 8, 2008. Also in Alaska, one was said to have been on the island of Attu, in the western Aleutians, in June 2000.

    Outside North America, the Swinhoe's Robin has been seen during FONT tours in Japan, on Hegura Island.  

  156. Siberian Stonechat ______  (r/US)
    Saxicola maurus
    The Siberian Stonechat is an Asian species. It has occurred rarely at scattered locations in Alaska and in California.

    Outside North America, the Siberian Stonechat has been seen during FONT tours in Japan, including Hegura Island.

  157. Eurasian Stonechat ______  (r/NA)
    Saxicola torquatus 
    The Eurasian Stonechat is an Old World species. It has occurred as a vagrant in the fall in New Brunswick, Canada.

    Outside North America, the Eurasian Stonechat has been seen during FONT tours in Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Spain, Turkey. 

  158. Northern Wheatear  (*) (ph)  ______  AK:may,jun
    Oenanthe oenanthe 

         Outside North America, the Northern Wheatear has been seen during FONT tours in Bulgaria, France, Hungary, Iceland, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Turkey.



    Northern Wheatear
         (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
  159. Narcissus Flycatcher  (ph) ______  (r/US)
    Ficedula narcissina

         The Narcissus Flycatcher is an east Asian species. It has occurred rarely in the spring on Attu, in the western Aleutian Islands, Alaska.

    Outside North America, the Narcissus Flycatcher has been seen during FONT tours in Japan, including Hegura Island.

  160. Taiga Flycatcher  ______  (r/US)  
    Ficedula albicilla
    Formerly part of the more-westerly Red-breasted Flycatcher, the Taiga Flycatcher is an Asian species. It occurs rarely in Alaska in the spring, in the western Aleutian Islands and on St. Lawrence Island.

    Outside North America, the Taiga Flycatcher was seen during a FONT tour in Japan on Hegura Island.   

  161. Mugimaki Flycatcher  ______  (r/US)
    Ficedula mugimaki

         The Mugimaki Flycatcher is a species of eastern Asia, where it is highly migratory. Has occurred on Shemya Island, Alaska, on May 24, 1985. 

     Outside North America, the Mugimaki Flycatcher has been seen during FONT tours in Japan, mostly on Hegura Island.

  162. Gray-streaked Flycatcher  ______  (r/US)
    Muscicapa griseisticta
    The Gray-streaked Flycatcher is an east Asian species. It occurs rarely during the late-spring in Alaska on western Aleutian Islands and on the Pribilof Islands.  

    Outside North America, the Gray-streaked Flycatcher has been seen during FONT tours in Japan on Hegura Island. 

  163. Dark-sided Flycatcher  ______  (r/US)
    Muscicapa sibirica
    The Dark-sided Flycatcher is an Asian species. In Alaska, it occurs rarely in the western Aleutian Islands, and it has in the Pribilof Islands in the spring. There has been an extraordinary fall record in Bermuda.

    Outside North America, the Dark-sided Flycatcher has been seen during FONT tours in Japan, including Hegura Island.
          
  164. Asian Brown Flycatcher  ______  (r/US)
    Muscicapa dauurica      (formerly M. latirostris)
    As its name indicates, the Asian Brown Flycatcher is an Asian species. It occurs rarely in Alaska in the spring, on Attu in the western Aleutian Islands and on St. Lawrence Island.

    Outside North America, the Asian Brown Flycatcher has been seen during FONT tours in Japan, including Hegura Island. 

  165. Spotted Flycatcher ______  (r/US)
    Muscicapa striata  

         The Spotted Flycatcher is an Old World bird, normally ranging east to about Lake Baikal. The species was photographed on St. Lawrence Island, Alaska, on September 14, 2002.   

         Outside North America, the Spotted Flycatcher has been seen during FONT tours in Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Spain, Turkey.


    DIPPER

  166. American Dipper  (*)  ______  CO:apr,jul  WA:sep
    Cinclus mexicanus 

         South of the US, the American Dipper has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica.  



    An American Dipper photographed in Colorado in the spring of 2015
    (photo by Sally Brady)

    Showing, in the photo, the white eyelid.
    The eyelid flashes white when the bird blinks.
    Understandably, people assume that this flashing white eyelid must have something to do
    with the dipper's unusual underwater habits, related to helping them see underwater,
    which leads to a common misconception that the white flash is a nictitating membrane.
    But all birds have a nictitating membrane, a translucent sometimes whitish/often bluish
    "third eyelid" that flicks across the surface of the eye from front to back to protect it
    while still allowing some vision.
    Because the dipper's eyelid is white it can be seen (as in the above photo) every time 
    the bird blinks.
    As to why the dipper has such an obvious white eyelid, nobody really knows.

    WEAVER FINCHES, MUNIAS & ALLIES
  167. House Sparrow (NAi) (*) ______ AZ:jan,jul,aug,sep  BC:sep  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  DE:mar,apr,may  IA:mar  KS:apr  MD:apr  NC:may,jun,jul,aug  NE:mar,apr  NF:jul  NM:apr  OK:apr  TX:mar,apr,may  WA:sep  WY:apr
    Passer domesticus 

         Outside North America, the House Sparrow has been seen during FONT tours in Andorra, Bulgaria, France, Hungary, Iceland (where recently established), Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, and south of the US in Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Saint Vincent, Uruguay. Everywhere in the New World, the House Sparrow in non-native.    
  168. Eurasian Tree Sparrow  (NAi) (ph) ______
    Passer montanus

         Outside North America, the Eurasian Tree Sparrow has been seen during FONT tours in Bulgaria, Hungary, Japan, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey. In Japan, it, not the House Sparrow, is the common sparrow of cities and towns.  
  169. Northern Red Bishop  (NAi) ______  
    Euplectes franciscanus

    Euplectes franciscanus     has also been called the Orange Bishop. It is an African species. 

    South of the US, the Northern Red Bishop has been seen during FONT tours in Puerto Rico (where non-native).

  170. Scaly-breasted Munia  (NAi) ______  
    Lonchura punctulata

    Lonchura punctulata     has also been called the Nutmeg Mannikin. It is an Asian species. 

    South of the US, the Scaly-breasted Munia has been seen during FONT tours in the Dominican Republic (where non-native), Puerto Rico (where non-native).   


    ACCENTOR
  171. Siberian Accentor  ______  (r/NA)
    Prunella montanella
    The Siberian Accentor is an Old World species. It has occurred rarely, mainly in the fall and winter, in Alaska and elsewhere in northwestern North America.


    WAGTAILS & PIPITS
  172. White Wagtail (*) (ph) ______ AK:jun    
    Motacilla alba

         The White Wagtail is mostly an Old World species, other than some that breed in western Alaska.

    The nominate, Motacilla a alba, has occurred as a vagrant along the northeastern coast of North America. It breeds in Greenland.

    The race, M. alba lugens, the former "Black-backed Wagtail" of eastern Asia, has occurred in North America in Alaska (with some breeding), and more rarely south along the Pacific Coast to California. 
    One is said to been photographed along the East Coast of North America at Cedar Island, North Carolina, on May 15, 1982.    

         Outside North America, the White Wagtail has been seen during FONT tours in Andorra, Bulgaria, France, Hungary, Iceland, Japan, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Turkey.

  173. Eastern Yellow Wagtail (*) ______ AK:may,jun  (PI)
    Motacilla tschutschensis
    Mostly the Eastern Yellow Wagtail is a bird of eastern Eurasia, but the species nests in Alaska where it is generally common on its breeding grounds. It occurs rarely along the California coast.

    Outside North America, the Eastern Yellow Wagtail has been seen during FONT tours in Japan on Hegura Island.     

  174. Grey Wagtail  ______  (r/NA)
    Motacilla cinerea 

         The Grey Wagtail is a Eurasian species. It occurs rarely in Alaska in the spring in the western Aleutian Islands, the Pribilof Islands, and on St. Lawrence Island. More rarely it occurs south to California.

    Outside North America, the Grey Wagtail has been seen during FONT tours in Bulgaria, the Canary Islands, France, Hungary, Japan (including Hegura Island), Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Turkey. 
        
  175. Citrine Wagtail  ______  (r/US)
    Motacilla citreola

         The Citrine Wagtail is an Old World species. A US record, oddly, was in Starkville, Mississippi, January 31 & February 1, 1992.

    Outside North America, the Citrine Wagtail has been seen during a FONT tour in Poland. 

  176. American Pipit  (*) (ph)  ______  AK:may,jun (PI)  BC:sep  CO:apr,jul  NE:mar  TX:mar,apr  WA:sep  WY:apr 
    Anthus rubescens

         Outside North America, the American Pipit, also known as the Buff-bellied Pipit, has been seen during FONT tours in Japan, where the race is A. r. japonicus.

    |

    An American, or Buff-bellied, Pipit
    (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
  177. Sprague's Pipit  (t3)  ______ 
    Anthus spragueii 
  178. Olive-backed Pipit  (*) (ph)  ______  (r/US)   AK:may (PI) 
    Anthus hodgsoni

         The Olive-backed Pipit is an Asian species. It occurs rarely in the western Aleutian Islands the Pribilof Islands, and on St. Lawrence Island in Alaska. More rarely, it has occurred south to California and Nevada.
    An Olive-backed Pipit in California at the Yorba Regional Park in Orange County in November 2014 was the second ever in the state.

    Outside North America, the Olive-backed Pipit has been seen during FONT tours in Japan.
      
  179. Red-throated Pipit  (*)  ______  AK:may,jun (PI) 
    Anthus cervinus

    Mostly an Old World species, the Red-throated Pipit occurs in western Alaska, where it is a regular migrant on islands in the Bering Sea area. 
    It also occurs rarely inland in Alaska, and more rarely elsewhere in northwestern North America and along the California coast in the fall.    

    Outside North America, the Red-throated Pipit has been seen during FONT tours in Bulgaria, Hungary, Japan, Turkey.  

  180. Pechora Pipit  ______  (r/US)
    Anthus gustavi 
    The Pechora Pipit is an Asian species. It occurs rarely in Alaska on western Aleutian islands in the spring, and on St. Lawrence Island mostly in the fall.

  181. Tree Pipit  ______  (r/US)
    Anthus trivialis
    The Tree Pipit is an Old World species, breeding in the Palearctic, and wintering mainly in central & southern Africa and in India. 
    It has occurred rarely in western Alaska, where a specimen was taken at Cape Prince of Wales on June 23, 1978, and where 2 birds were photographed on St. Lawrence Island on June 6, 1995, and on September 21 & 27, 2002.

    Outside North America, the Tree Pipit has been seen in Bulgaria, France, Hungary, Japan (where rare, on Hegura Island), Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Turkey.
       

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