The Birds of 
North America 


Olive Warbler to Buntings


Part 6 of a List of
North American Birds
compiled by Armas Hill

 

Noting those found during Focus On Nature Tours in Alaska, Arizona, British Columbia, California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Iowa, Kansas, North Carolina, Nebraska, Newfoundland, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, & Washington State, including offshore pelagic trips  

Birds found during FONT tours & pelagic trips have an (*).   

PHOTO AT UPPER RIGHT: a male PINE GROSBEAK
(photographed during a FONT tour in Colorado)  
Other photos of Pine Grosbeaks are in the list that follows. 


CODES:

In the list that follows, pertaining to FONT tours, the US state or Canadian province & the months are noted.

(The codes below relate to the United States unless indicated otherwise.) 

AK:    Alaska
AZ:     Arizona
BC:    British Columbia, Canada (until 2001, during our West Coast Tours in September) 
CA:    California  (during our September West Coast Tours)
CO:    Colorado
DE:    Delaware (including offshore pelagic trips from DE & some land-birding tours) 
FL:    Florida
IA:     Iowa  (with our Nebraska Tours in March)
KS:    Kansas  (with our Colorado Tours in April)
NC:    North Carolina  (including offshore pelagic trips and spring & summer land-birding tours)
NE:    Nebraska  (tours in March & with our Colorado tours in April) 
NF:    Newfoundland, Canada
NM:   New Mexico  (with our West Texas Tours in the spring & our Arizona Tours in the late-summer)   
OK:   Oklahoma  (with our Colorado Tours in April)    
TX:    Texas
VA:    Virginia  (in conjunction with a NC Tour in the spring)
WA:   Washington State  (during our September West Coast Tours) 
WY:   Wyoming  (with our Colorado Tours in April)

During FONT pelagic trips:

DEP:    offshore from Delaware
CAP:    offshore from California  
NCP:    offshore from North Carolina 
NJP:    offshore from New Jersey
WAP:   offshore from Washington State 

The months when the birds have been found are with the above codes. 

(ac):        north of the Arctic Circle 
(DT):       in the area of the Dry Tortugas islands in Florida
(PI):        at the Pribilof Islands in Alaska


(USe):        endemic to the USA 
(USqe):      quasi (or nearly) endemic to the USA
(USeb):      endemic-breeder in USA 
(USneb):    near-endemic breeder in the USA
(NAi):         species introduced into North America
(NAri):        re-introduced species
(r/NA)         rare in North America
(r/US):        rare in the USA


(t): a globally threatened or rare species, designated by Birdlife International
(t1): critical   (t2): endangered   (t3): vulnerable
(nt): a near-threatened species globally


(ph):  species with a photo in the FONT web-site  

       
Links to Bird Groupings in this part of this List:

Finches    New World Warblers    Blackbirds & Orioles    Tanagers

Towhees & Sparrows    Cardinals, Grosbeaks, Allies

Links to Other Parts of this North American Bird List:

Part #1: Grouse to Anhinga    Part #2:  Condor to Shorebirds    Part #3: Jaegers to Cuckoos  

Part #4:  Owls to Flycatchers    Part #5: Shrikes to Pipits

Links to lists of Birds of:  

Alaska    Arizona    California    Colorado    North Carolina    Texas    Washington State

Links to Lists & Photo Galleries of Other Nature, including North American:

Mammals    Butterflies, Dragonflies    Amphibians, Reptiles    Marine Life, incl. Fish, Crustaceans 

Links to Information about Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours:

in North America    or by month in:    2012   2013    or:   by geographic location worldwide

Other Links:

Directory of Photos in this Website

A Photo Gallery of Birds Rare in North America

List of Birds:

797. Olive Warbler (*) ______ AZ:jul,aug,sep
     Peucedramus taeniatus  (monotypic & the single member of its family & genus; its name notwithstanding, not a warbler at all) 
     
     South of the US, the Olive Warbler has been seen during a FONT tour in Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.
     
     
     FINCHES 
     
     
798. Brambling (*) (ph) ______  (r/NA)   AK:may (PI)
     Fringilla montifringilla
     
     A Eurasian species. It occurs irregularly in Alaska on the Aleutian Islands, the Pribilof Islands, and St. Lawrence Island. More rarely it occurs elsewhere in North America, in the fall and winter, in Canada and the northern US.
     
     Outside North America, the Brambling has been seen during FONT tours in Japan (including Hegura Island), Poland, Sweden. 
       
     
799. Common Chaffinch  (ph)  ______  (r/NA)
     Fringilla coelebs
     
     An Old World species of the western Palearctic. It occurs rarely in northeastern North America.
     
     Outside North America, the Common Chaffinch has been seen during FONT tours in Bulgaria, the Canary Islands (a distinctive subspecies), France, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey.
     
     
800. Gray-crowned Rosy Finch (*) (ph) ______  AK:may,jun (PI)  CO:apr
     Leucosticte tephrocotis
     
     
801. Black Rosy Finch (USe) (*) (ph) ______  CO:apr
     Leucosticte atrata  (monotypic)
     
     
802. Brown-capped Rosy Finch (USe) (*) (ph) ______  CO:apr,jul
     Leucosticte australis  (monotypic) 
     
     
803. Pine Grosbeak (*) (ph) ______  CO:apr,jul  WA:sep  WY:apr
     Pinicola enucleator 
     
     Outside North America, the Pine Grosbeak has been seen during FONT tours in Hokkaido, Japan.
     
     
     
     
     
     Pine Grosbeaks, above: a male, below: a female
     (above photo by Bob Enever; photo below by Armas Hill)
     
     
     
     
     
     
804. Purple Finch (*) (ph) ______ CA:sep  NE:mar  WA:sep
     Carpodacus purpureus
     
     
805. Cassin's Finch  (nt) (*) (ph) ______ CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  WA:sep  WY:apr 
     Carpodacus cassinii
     
     
806. House Finch (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jul,aug,sep  BC:sep  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  DE:may  IA:mar  KS:apr  NC:may,jun,jul,aug  NE:mar,apr  NM:apr,aug  TX:apr,may  WA:sep  WY:apr  (introduced in eastern North America)
     Carpodacus mexicanus
     
     The House Finch is native to the western United States and Mexico, but today it occurs throughout the entire US and in parts of Canada. The story as to how this came about is interesting:
     In the eastern US, in the early 1940s, some pet-store dealers in Brooklyn, and perhaps elsewhere in the New York City area, had in their possession House Finches from California. For dealers to have such birds, however, was illegal, as birds native to anywhere in the US could not be so kept or sold. When informed of this, and therefore aware of their situation, those dealers presumably released their caged birds somewhere on Long Island, New York, and possibly elsewhere in the NY metropolitan area. 
     Subsequently, the species in the East was first reported in "the wild" during the spring of 1942 at a plant nursery in Babylon, Long Island, where the following spring a nest was found with young. The species spread and became common during the years that followed, firstly in the New York City area, and then beyond. The first sighting in New Jersey, across the Hudson River from New York, was in 1949. By 1962, the species was observed in Washington, DC. Its new range expansion in eastern North America continued. Fifty years later, they had advanced westward across the continent ultimately meeting with their avian relatives in the West.       
     
     South of the US, the House Finch has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.
     
     
     
     
     House Finch
     (photo by Doris Potter)
     
     
807. Common Rosefinch  (ph)  ______  (r/US)  (another name has been Scarlet Rosefinch)
     Carpodacus erythrinus
     
     A Eurasian species. It occurs rarely on the western Aleutians and on other western Alaskan islands, mainly in the spring.
     
     Outside North America, the Common, or Scarlet, Rosefinch has been seen during FONT tours in Poland in May.
      
     
808. Red (or Common) Crossbill (*) (ph) ______ AZ:aug  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  WA:sep  WY:apr
     Loxia curvirostra
     
     Outside North America, the Red Crossbill has been seen during FONT tours in Andorra, Bulgaria, France, Iceland (where rare), Japan (as far south as Kyushu, rare there), Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, and south of the US in Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.
     
     Within the Red Crossbill in North America, there are at least 10 groupings referred to as "call types". Each type has its particular cone preference related to the bird's bill size and shape. These crossbill types may be at an early stage of evolving into full species, and some may already qualify for species status. They are exceedingly difficult to identify in the field and much remains to be learned about their status and distribution.
     In Ontario, Canada, Types 2 & 3, and probably 4 occur regularly.
     Most Red Crossbill types prefer pines, but the smallest-billed, that is Type 3, the sitkensis subspecies, prefers the small soft cones of hemlocks.
     A summary of Red Crossbill subspecies in North America includes the following (in addition to sitkensis):
     
     Loxia curvirostra pusilla: from Newfoundland south into the northeast US
     Loxia curvirostra minor: in southern Canada & the northern US, south to the eastern US
     Loxia curvirostra bendirei: in southwest Canada & the western US, south to the southern US
     Loxia curvirostra viridius: in & near Colorado
     Loxia curvirostra reai: in & near Idaho
     Loxia curvirostra grinnelli: in the southwest US
     Loxia curvirostra stricklandi: in the southern US & Mexico
     Loxia curvirostra mesoamericana: from Guatemala to northern Nicaragua          
     
     
     
     
     A Red Crossbill at a feeder during a FONT tour in Wyoming
     
     
809. White-winged Crossbill (*) (ph) ______  AK:jun  WA:sep  (called the Two-barred Crossbill in Europe)
     Loxia leucoptera
     
     Outside North America, the Two-barred, or White-winged, Crossbill has been seen during FONT tours in Sweden.  
     
     South of the US, the closely-related Hispaniolan Crossbill, Loxia megaplaga, has been seen during FONT tours in the Dominican Republic. That isolated population in the mountains of Hispaniola is now said to be distinct from the White-winged Crossbill with which it has been considered conspecific.    
     
     
     
     
     A White-winged Crossbill at a feeder
     (photo by Matt Orsie)
     
     
810. Oriental Greenfinch (*) ______  (r/US)   AK:jun (PI)  (has also been called Grey-capped Greenfinch)
     Chloris (formerly Carduelis) sinica
     
     An Asian species. It occurs rarely in Alaska on western Aleutian Islands and on the Pribilof Islands, mainly in the spring.
     
     Outside North America, the Oriental Greenfinch has been seen during FONT tours in Japan. 
     
     
811. Eurasian Siskin  (ph) ______  (r/NA)
     Spinus (formerly Carduelis) spinus
     
     A Palearctic species. It has occurred on Attu Island, the westernmost of the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, on June 4, 1978, and on May 21 & 22, 1993, the latter taken as a specimen.
     It has also occurred in northeast North America, but the origin of the species there is uncertain. A male was photographed on the French island of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, offshore from Newfoundland, on June 23, 1983.
     
     Outside North America, the Eurasian Siskin has been seen during FONT tours in Iceland (where recently established), Japan (including Hegura Island), Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden. 
            
     
812. Pine Siskin (*) (ph) ______ AK:may,jun  AZ:jan,aug  BC:sep  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  KS:apr  NE:mar  OK:apr  TX:apr,may  WA:sep  WY:apr
     Spinus (formerly Carduelis) pinus
     
     South of the US, the Pine Siskin has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.
     
     
813. Lesser Goldfinch (*) ______ AZ:jan,jul,aug,sep  CO:jul  CA:sep  TX:apr,may
     Spinus (formerly Carduelis) psaltria
     
     South of the US, the Lesser Goldfinch has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.
       
     
814. American Goldfinch (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jan,aug,sep  BC:sep  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  DE:may  KS:apr  NC:may,jun,aug  NE:mar,apr  NF:jul  TX:apr,may  WA:sep
     Spinus (formerly Carduelis) tristis
     
     
815. Lawrence's Goldfinch (*) ______ CA:sep
     Spinus (formerly Carduelis) lawrencei
     
     
816. Common Redpoll (*) (ph) ______ AK:may,jun (PI)
     Acanthis (formerly Carduelis) flammea
     
     Outside North America, the Common Redpoll has been seen during FONT tours in Iceland (including an endemic subspecies), Japan (Hokkaido), Sweden. 
     
     
     .
     
     Common Redpoll
     (photo by James Scheib)
      
     
817. Arctic Redpoll (*) ______ AK:may,jun (ac)  (also called Hoary Redpoll)
     Acanthis (formerly Carduelis) hornemanni 
     
     
818. Eurasian Bullfinch ______  (r/US)
     Pyrrhula pyrrhula
     
     A Palearctic species. It occurs rarely on the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, and more rarely in winter on the Alaskan mainland.
     
     Outside North America, the Eurasian Bullfinch has been seen during FONT tours in Japan, where two subspecies have been seen: P. p. rosacea & P. p. griseiventris. In Europe, the Eurasian Bullfinch has been seen during FONT tours in Bulgaria, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden. 
       
     
819. Hawfinch ______  (r/US)
     Coccothraustes coccothraustes
     
     A Eurasian species. It occurs rarely in the spring on the outer Aleutian Islands, and more rarely on other western Alaskan islands.
     
     Outside North America, the Hawfinch has been seen during FONT tours in Bulgaria, Hungary, Japan (including Hegura Island), Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Turkey.
      
     
820. Evening Grosbeak (*) (ph) ______ CO:apr,jul  WA:sep  WY:apr
     Coccothraustes vespertinus  
     
     
     NEW WORLD WARBLERS
     
     
821. Blue-winged Warbler (*) (ph) ______ DE:may  FL:apr (DT)  NC:jun  TX:may 
     Vermivora pinus
     
     South of the US, the Blue-winged Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.
      
     
822. Golden-winged Warbler (nt) (*) ______ TX:may 
     Vermivora chrysoptera
     
     South of the US, the Golden-winged Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, Venezuela.
     
     
823. Tennessee Warbler (*) (ph) ______ FL:apr (DT)  TX:apr,may 
     Oreothlypis (formerly Vermivora) peregrina
     
     South of the US, the Tennessee Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Panama.
      
     
824. Orange-crowned Warbler (*) (ph) ______ AK:may,jun  AZ:jul,aug  BC:sep  CA:sep  CO:apr  FL:apr (DT)  KS:apr  NM:apr  TX:apr  WA:sep
     Oreothlypis (formerly Vermivora) celata 
     
     South of the US, the Orange-crowned Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica (where rare), Guatemala, Mexico.  
     
     
825. Nashville Warbler (*) (ph) ______ AZ:aug  TX:apr,may
     Oreothlypis (formerly Vermivora) ruficapilla
     
     South of the US, the Nashville Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico.
       
     
826. Virginia's Warbler ______ AZ:jul,aug  CO:apr,jul 
     Oreothlypis (formerly Vermivora) virginiae  (monotypic)
     
     South of the US, the Virginia's Warbler has been seen during a FONT tour in Mexico.
     
     
827. Colima Warbler (nt) (*) ______ TX:apr,may  (the only breeding location in the US is in the highlands of west Texas, in the Chisos Mountains)
     Oreothlypis (formerly Vermivora) crissalis
     
     South of the US, the Colima Warbler has been seen during a FONT tour in Mexico.
     
     
828. Lucy's Warbler (*) ______ AZ:jul,aug
     Oreothlypis (formerly Vermivora) luciae
     
     
829. Bachman's Warbler  (t1)  ______  (probably extinct)
     Vermivora bachmanii
     
     Occurred as a breeder in the southeast US and during its non-breeding season the bird resided in Cuba. 
     
     The last definitive occurrence of a Bachman's Warbler was a multiple-observer sighting near the I'On Swamp in South Carolina in the spring of 1962. Later, in 1977 & 1978, two sightings were reported in South Carolina and one in Louisiana. Unfortunately, those reports in the late 1970s were unsubstantiated. 
     Subsequent searches revealed nothing. None were found during a systematic survey, conducted by the US Fish & Wildlife Service in 2002 at the Congaree Swamp Wildlife Refuge in South Carolina, after reports the previous two years of the bird possibly being there.  
     
     
830. Northern Parula (*) (ph) ______ AZ:aug,sep (r/AZ)  CA:sep (r/CA)  CO:apr  (r/CO)  DE:may  FL:apr (DT)  NC:may,jun,aug  TX:apr  WA:sep (r/WA)0
     Setophaga (formerly Parula) americana
     
     Northern Parulas have been seen twice (2 different years) during FONT West Coast Tours in September. Once, in California, at Point Reyes, and once in Washington State. 
     
     South of the US, the Northern Parula has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, the Cayman Islands, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Venezuela.
     
     
831. Tropical Parula (*) ______  (r/US)   TX:may  
     Setophaga (formerly Parula) pitiayumi
     
     South of the US, the Tropical Parula has been seen during FONT tours in Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Mexico, Venezuela.
     
     
832. Crescent-chested Warbler ______  (r/US)
     Oreothlypis (formerly Parula) superciliosa
     
     A species ranging from northern Mexico to northern Nicaragua. It occurs rarely in southeast Arizona, and more rarely in the Chisos Mountains (Big Bend National Park) in west Texas.
      
     South of the US, the Crescent-chested Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Mexico.
     
     
833. Yellow Warbler (*) (ph) ______ AK:may,jun  AZ:jul,aug  CA:sep  CO:jul  DE:may  FL:apr (DT)  NC:jun,jul,aug  NF:jul  NM:apr  TX:apr,may  WA:sep
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) petechia
     
     South of the US, the Yellow Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Barbados, Belize, the Cayman Islands, Costa Rica, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Venezuela. 
     On Cozumel Island, Mexico, and on some Caribbean islands, the form of the Yellow Warbler known as the "Golden Warbler" has been seen. Various subspecies are on Caribbean islands.
     
     
834. Mangrove Warbler  (ph) ______
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) erithachorides
     
     A bird of coastal Central America now considered a species distinct from the Yellow Warbler. It has occurred rarely in southern Texas, along the Gulf Coast, in Aransas County in 1978 & Cameron County in 1990.  
     
     South of the US, the Mangrove Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico. Panama.
     
     
835. Chestnut-sided Warbler (*) (ph) ______ FL:apr (DT)  TX:apr,may
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) pensylvanica
     
     South of the US, the Chestnut-sided Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Panama.
     
     
836. Magnolia Warbler (*) (ph) ______ FLapr (DT)  NC:may  TX:apr,may
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) magnolia
     
     South of the US, the Magnolia Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico.
     
     
837. Cape May Warbler (*) ______ FL:apr (DT) 
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) tigrina
     
     South of the US, the Cape May Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Mexico (Cozumel Island), Puerto Rico.
     
     
838. Black-throated Blue Warbler (*) ______ CA:sep (r/CA)  DE:may  FL:apr (DT)  NC:aug
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) caerulescens
     
     In California, a Black-throated Blue Warbler was seen at Point Reyes during the FONT West Coast Tour in September 1991.  
     
     South of the US, the Black-throated Blue Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in the Cayman Islands, Costa Rica (where rare), the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto Rico. 
     
     
839. "Myrtle" Yellow-rumped Warbler (*) (ph) ______ AK:may,jun (PI)  CO:apr  DE:may  FL:apr (DT)  KS:apr  NE:mar  NF:jul  
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) c. coronata
     
     During FONT tours in the US, "Myrtle" Yellow-rumped Warblers have been seen at places as far away from each other as the Pribilof Islands in Alaska and the island of Dry Tortugas in Florida.
     
     South of the US, the "Myrtle" Yellow-rumped Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto Rico.
     
     
     
     
     "Myrtle" Yellow-rumped Warbler
     (photo by Kim Steininger)
      
     
840. "Audubon's" Yellow-rumped Warbler (*) ______AZ:jan,aug  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  KS:apr  NM:apr  TX:apr,may  WA:sep  WY:apr
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) coronata auduboni 
     
     South of the US, the "Audubon's" Yellow-rumped Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico. Another subspecies, D. C. goldmani, the "Goldman's" Yellow-rumped Warbler, has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala.  
     
     
841. Black-throated Gray Warbler (*) ______ AZ:jul,aug,sep  CA:sep  CO:apr  WA:sep 
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) nigrescens
     
     South of the US, the Black-throated Gray Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala (where rare), Mexico.
     
     
842. Golden-cheeked Warbler (t2) (USeb) (*) ______ TX:may  
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) chrysoparia
     
     South of the US, the Golden-cheeked Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico. At one place in the mountains of Honduras, fairly large flocks of this rare bird have been seen.
        
     
843. Black-throated Green Warbler (*) (ph) ______ DE:may  NC:may,jun  NF:jul  TX:apr,may  (includes "Wayne's Warbler" of the eastern US)
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) virens
     
     South of the US, the Black-throated Green Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama.
      
     
844. Townsend's Warbler (*) ______ AK:may,jun  AZ:sep  BC:sep  CA:sep  TX:apr  WA:sep
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) townsendi
     
     South of the US, the Townsend's Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Mexico.
     
     
845. Hermit Warbler (*) ______ AZ:jul,aug  CA:sep  WA:sep
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) occidentalis
     
     South of the US, the Hermit Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Mexico.
     
     
846. Blackburnian Warbler (*) (ph) ______ FL:apr (DT)  NC:jun  TX:apr,may
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) fusca
     
     South of the US, the Blackburnian Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Panama, Venezuela.
     
     
847. Yellow-throated Warbler (*) (ph) ______ DE:may  FL:apr (DT)  NC:may,jun,aug  TX:apr
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) dominca
     
     The Yellow-throated Warbler has well-known geographical variation, with those that breed in the US southeastern coastal plain (for example, in Florida) having yellow lores, while those breeding in the Mississippi River drainage (for example, in Kentucky) having white lores.
     Recent research (in 2009) has questioned the distinctiveness of the yellow-lored and white-lored populations.   
     
     South of the US, the Yellow-throated Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, the Cayman Islands, Costa Rica (where rare), the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto Rico.
     
     
     
     
     Yellow-throated Warbler
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
848. Grace's Warbler (*) ______ AZ:jul,aug,sep 
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) graciae
     
     South of the US, the Grace's Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, always in pine trees.
      
     
849. Pine Warbler (*) (ph) ______ DE:may  NC:may,jun,aug  TX:may 
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) pinus
     
     South of the US, the Pine Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in the Dominican Republic (an isolated endemic subspecies).
     
     
850. Prairie Warbler (*) (ph) ______ DE:may  FL:apr (DT)  NC:may,jun,aug
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) discolor
     
     South of the US, the Prairie Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in the Cayman Islands, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia.
     
     
851. Palm Warbler (*) ______ DE:may  FL:apr (DT)  NF:jul
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) palmarum
     
     South of the US, the Palm Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, the Cayman Islands, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Mexico (Cozumel Island & the Yucatan), Puerto Rico.
     
     
852. Bay-breasted Warbler (*) ______ NC:may  TX:may
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) castanea
     
     South of the US, the Bay-breasted Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela.
     
     
853. Blackpoll Warbler (*) (ph) ______ AK:jun  CA:sep (r/CA)  DE:may  FL:apr (DT)  NC:jun  NF:jul  TX:may
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) striata 
     
     In California, a Blackpoll Warbler was seen at Point Reyes during the FONT West Coast Tour in September 1991.  
     
     South of the US, the Blackpoll Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Ecuador, Guatemala, Venezuela.
     
     
     
     
     Blackpoll Warbler
     
     
854. Cerulean Warbler (t3) (*) ______ DE:may
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) cerulea
     
     South of the US, the Cerulean Warbler has been seen during a FONT tours in Costa Rica, Guatemala (in a treetop by a tall Mayan temple at Tikal), Venezuela. 
     
     
855. Kirtland's Warbler  (t3)  ______
     Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) kirtlandii
     
     Recently, numbers of Kirtland's Warblers have continued to increase in Wisconsin, USA and Ontario, Canada, at the species'' only known breeding sites outside of Michigan, USA.
     Since 2007 (and as of 2011), at least 54 fledglings have been produced in Wisconsin, and at least 23 in Ontario.  
     
     June 2007 was an extraordinary month relating to the Kirtland's Warbler.  23 days and 700 miles (1,100 kilometers) apart, the first nests documented outside Michigan, in recent years, were found. 
     These recent historical occurrences were in Wisconsin and Ontario. Since then, nesting has increased in Wisconsin and has persisted at one site in Ontario.
     The first 2007 nest in Wisconsin was in a pine plantation in Adams County in the central part of the state. That nest contained 5 eggs.
     Before that breeding season ended, two more nests were found in Wisconsin. No young warblers were seen, but adults fed single Brown-headed Cowbirds at two of the nests.
     Later, at least 45 Kirtland's Warbler nests produced an estimated 54 to 72 fledglings in Adams County, Wisconsin from 2007 to 2011.
     At noteworthy characteristic at the main study site in Adams County is that only 12 per cent of the trees are Jack Pines.
     Since 2006, reports of Kirtland's Warblers during the breeding season in Wisconsin have been in Jackson County, in the south-central part of the state, and in Bayfield, Douglas, Marinette, Vilas, and Washburn Counties in the north.
     A Marinette County nest fledged 3 young in 2009 - at that time the only Wisconsin nest known outside of Adams County.
     
     The recent Ontario Kirtland's Warbler nesting site has been at an active military training facility, at the Canadian Forces Base Petawawa, about 100 miles (160 kilometers) north of Ottawa.
     At that site in June 2007, a Kirtland's Warbler nest with two hatchlings and two unhatched-eggs was found under the low branches of a Jack Pine.  
     That was actually Ontario's second breeding record for the Kirtland's Warbler. A pair and one fledgling were observed at Midhurst, Ontario in 1945.
     In Ontario, from 2007 to 2011, a total of 7 Kirtland Warbler nests produced at least 23 fledglings. In 2011, 1 pair and 1 fledgling were confirmed, but there has been some uncertainty, overall, due to restrictions in the coverage area. 
     
     During the winter, the Kirtland's Warbler has only been found in the Bahamas, in the West Indies.             
     
     
856. Black-and-white Warbler (*) ______ CA:sep (r/CA)  CO:jul  DE:may  FL:apr (DT)  NC: jun,aug  NF:jul  TX:apr,may
     Mniotilta varia
     
     In California, a Black-and-white Warbler was seen at Point Reyes during the FONT West Coast Tour in September 1998.  
     
     South of the US, the Black-and-white Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, the Cayman Islands, Costa Rica, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, Venezuela.  
     
     
857. American Redstart (*) (ph) ______ CA:sep (r/CA)  DE:may  DEP:aug  FL:apr (DT)  NC:may,jun,aug  TX:may
     Setophaga ruticilla
     
     In California, an American Redstart was seen at Point Reyes during the FONT West Coast Tour in September 1991.
     
     South of the US, the American Redstart has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Brazil (Amazonian; where rare), the Cayman Islands, Chile (where rare; far-north), Costa Rica, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, Venezuela. 
     The bird seen in the mountainous far-north of Chile in Nov 1997, an immature male, was a rarity in that country, about as far south as the American Redstart has ever been found. It was said to be the 3rd known occurrence in Chile; the previous ones were in 1986 & 1989, also in far-northern Chile.   
      
     
858. Prothonotary Warbler (*) (ph) ______ DE:may  NC:may,jun 
     Protonotaria citrea
     
     South of the US, the Prothonotary Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Venezuela.
     
     
859. Worm-eating Warbler (*) ______ CO:apr  (r/CO)  DE:may  FL:apr (DT)  NC:may,jun,aug  TX:may
     Helmitheros vermivorus  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
     
     South of US, the Worm-eating Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto Rico.
     
     
860. Swainson's Warbler (*) ______ NC:may,jun 
     Limnothlypis swainsonii
     
     South of the US, the Swainson's Warbler has been seen during a FONT tour in Jamaica, Mexico (the Yucatan).
     
     
861. Ovenbird (*) (ph) ______ DE:may  FL:apr (DT)  NC:may,jun  TX:apr,may
     Seiurus aurocapillus
     
     South of the US, the Ovenbird has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica. Mexico, Puerto Rico.
     
     
862. Northern Waterthrush (*) ______ AK:may,jun  DE:may  FL:apr (DT)  NC:may,aug  NF:jul  TX:apr,may
     Parkesia (formerly Seiurus) noveboracensis
     
     South of the US, the Northern Waterthrush has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, the Cayman Islands, Costa Rica, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Venezuela.
     
     
863. Louisiana Waterthrush (*) ______ DE:may  NC:jun 
     Parkesia (formerly Seiurus) molacilla 
     
     South of the US, the Louisiana Waterthrush has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto Rico.
     
     
864. Kentucky Warbler (*) ______ DE:may  NC:may,jun  TX:apr,may 
     Geothlypis (formerly Oporornis) formosus
     
     South of the US, the Kentucky Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico. 
     In Guatemala, at Tikal, Kentucky Warblers are seen on occasion with Neotropical birds at ant swarms.
      
     
865. Mourning Warbler (*) (ph) ______ NC:may  TX:may 
     Geothlypis (formerly Oporornis) philadelphia
     
     South of the US, the Mourning Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Venezuela.
     
     
     
     
     Mourning Warbler
     (photo by Armas Hill)
     
     
866. MacGillivray's Warbler (*) (ph) ______ AZ:aug,sep  CA:sep  CO:jul  NM:apr  WA:sep
     Geothlypis (formerly Oporornis) tolmiei
     
     South of the US, the MacGillivray's Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica (where rare), Guatemala, Mexico.
     
     
867. Connecticut Warbler ______
     Oporornis agilis  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
868. Common Yellowthroat (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jul,aug  BC:sep  CA:sep  CO:jul  DE:may  FL:apr (DT)  NC:may,jun,aug  NF:jul  NM:apr  TX:apr,may  WA:sep
     Geothylpis trichas
     
     South of the US, the Common Yellowthroat has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, the Cayman Islands, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto Rico.
      
     
869. Gray-crowned Yellowthroat (*) ______  (r/US)   TX:may  
     Geothlypsis poliocephala
     
     South of the US, the Gray-crowned Yellowthroat has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico.
      
     
870. Hooded Warbler (*) ______ DE:may  FL:apr (DT)  NC:jun  TX:apr,may
     Setophaga (formerly Wilsonia) citrina
     
     South of the US, the Hooded Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Puerto Rico.
     
     
871. Wilson's Warbler (*) ______ AK:may,jun (PI)  AZ:aug  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  KS:apr  NM:apr  TX:apr,may  WA:sep
     Cardellina (formerly Wilsonia) pusilla
     
     South of the US, the Wilson's Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama.
     
     
872. Canada Warbler (*) (ph) ______ NC:may  TX:apr,may
     Cardellina (formerly Wilsonia) canadensis
     
     South of the US, the Canada Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Ecuador, Venezuela.
      
     
873. Red-faced Warbler (*) ______  AZ:jul,aug
     Cardellina rubrifrons  (the single member of its genus)
     
     South of the US, the Red-faced Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.
     
     
874. Rufous-capped Warbler (*) ______  (r/US)   AZ:aug  
     Basileuterus rufifrons
     
     A species of Mexico and northern Central America, very similar to the Chestnut-capped Warbler of southern Central America with which it has been considered conspecific. 
     In occurs rarely in Texas, in the areas of the Big Bend National Park and the Edwards Plateau, and in southern Arizona.
     
     South of the US, the Rufous-capped Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Mexico, and the Chestnut-capped Warbler in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama. 
         
     
875. Stripe-crowned Warbler ______  (r/US)   (has been called Golden-crowned Warbler)
     Basileuterus culicivorus
     
     A Neotropical species, ranging from Mexico to Argentina (the most extensive range of any New World Warbler). It occurs in south Texas, mainly in the winter. It has occurred, more rarely, in eastern New Mexico in the spring.
        
     South of the US, the Stripe-crowned Warbler has been seen during FONT tours in Argentina, Brazil, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, Paraguay, Venezuela.
     
     
876. Painted Whitestart (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jan,jul,aug,sep  TX:apr (r/TX)  (has been called Painted Redstart)
     Myioborus p. pictus
     
     South of the US, the Painted Whitestart has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.
       
     
877. Slate-throated Whitestart ______  (r/US)   (has been called Slate-throated Redstart)
     Myioborus miniatus
     
     A Neotropical species of Central & South America. It occurs rarely in southeast Arizona, southern New Mexico, and west and south Texas.
     
     South of the US, the Slate-throated Whitestart has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Venezuela.
     
     
878. Fan-tailed Warbler ______  (r/US)
     Basileuterus (formerly Euthlypis) lachrymosa  
     
     A species of Mexico and northern Central America. It occurs in southeast Arizona, mainly in the spring.
     
     
879. Yellow-breasted Chat (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jul,aug  CO:jul  DE:may  NC:jun  NM:apr  TX:apr,may
     Icteria virens
     
     South of the US, the Yellow-breasted Chat has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.
     
     
     BLACKBIRDS & ORIOLES
      
     
880. Bobolink (*) (ph) ______ DE:may  FL:apr (DT)
     Dolichonyx oryzivorus 
     
     South of the US, the Bobolink has been seen during FONT tours in Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul).
     
     
     
     Bobolinks  Above: a male  Below: a female
     (photos by Howard Eskin) 
     
     
     
     
     
881. Eastern Meadowlark (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jan,jul,aug,sep  DE:may  IA:mar  NC:may,jun,aug  NE:mar  NM:jul,aug  TX:apr  (includes in Arizona the "Lillian's" Eastern Meadowlark) 
     Sturnella magna
     
     South of the US, the Eastern Meadowlark has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Venezuela.
      
     
     
     
     Eastern Meadowlark
     (photo by Alan Brady)
     
     
882. Western Meadowlark (*) ______ AZ:jan,jul,sep  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  IA:mar  KS:apr  NE:mar,apr  NM:apr  OK:apr TX:apr,may   WA:sep  WY:apr
     Sturnella neglecta 
     
     
883. Red-winged Blackbird (*) (ph) ______ AK:may,jun (PI)  AZ:jan,jul,aug,sep  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  DE:may  FL:apr  IA:mar  KS:apr  NC:may,jun,aug  NE:mar,apr  NM:apr  OK:apr  TX:apr,may  WA:sep  WY:apr
     Agelaius phoeniceus
     
     South of the US, the Red-winged Blackbird has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico. The various subspecies in Central America are resident. 
      
     
     
     
     Red-winged Blackbird
     (photo by Doris Potter)
     
     
884. Tricolored Blackbird (*) ______ CA:sep
     Agelaius tricolor 
     
     
885. Tawny-shouldered Blackbird ______  (r/US)
     Agelaius humeralis 
     
     A resident species in Cuba & Haiti. A US record was of 2 specimens at Key West, Florida on February 27, 1936.
     
     
886. Yellow-headed Blackbird (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jan,jul,aug  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  KS:apr  NE:mar,apr  NM:apr  TX:apr  WY:apr
     Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus
     
     South of the US, the Yellow-headed Blackbird has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.
     
     
     
     
     Yellow-headed Blackbirds, above a male, below a female
     (upper photo by Doris Potter; lower photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
     
     
887. Rusty Blackbird (*) (ph) ______ AK:may,jun  NE:mar
     Euphagus carolinus
     
     
     
     
     Rusty Blackbird
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
888. Brewer's Blackbird (*) ______ AZ:jan,aug  BC:sep  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  KS:apr  NE:mar,apr  NM:apr  OK:apr  TX:apr  WA:sep  WY:apr
     Euphagus cyanocephalus
     
     South of the US, the Brewer's Blackbird has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.
     
     
     
     
     Brewer's Blackbird
     (photo by Marie Gardner; photographed during a FONT tour in northern Arizona)
     
     
889. Common Grackle (*) ______ CO:apr,jul  DE:may  FL:apr  KS:apr  NC:may,jun,jul,aug  NE:mar,apr  NM:apr  OK:apr  TX:apr  WY:apr
     Quiscalus quiscula
     
     
890. Boat-tailed Grackle  (USe) (*) ______ DE:may  FL:apr  NC:may,jun,jul,aug 
     Quiscalus major
     
     
891. Great-tailed Grackle (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jan,jul,aug,sep  CO:apr,jul  IA:mar  KS:apr  NE:mar,apr  NM:apr  OK:apr  TX:apr,may  WY:apr
     Quiscalus mexicanus
     
     South of the US, the Great-tailed Grackle has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama. 
     
     
892. Bronzed Cowbird (*) ______ AZ:jul,aug  TX:apr,may
     Molothrus aeneus
     
     South of the US, the Bronzed Cowbird has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama.
     
     
893. Brown-headed Cowbird (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jan,jul,aug  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  DE:may  IA:mar  KS:apr  NC:may,jun,aug  NE:mar  NM:apr  TX:apr,may  WA:sep
     Molothrus ater
     
     South of the US, the Brown-headed Cowbird has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.
     
     
894. Shiny Cowbird ______
     Molothrus bonariensis
     
     A mainly South American species that spread through the West Indies, arriving in south Florida in 1985. It is uncommon in coastal south Florida, and rare along the Gulf Coast to Texas. It also occurs rarely along the Atlantic Coast to North Carolina, and has as a vagrant in Oklahoma, Maine, and in the Canadian Maritime provinces.   
     
     South of the US, the Shiny Cowbird has been seen during FONT tours in Argentina, Barbados, Belize (a recent arrival), Brazil, Chile, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Jamaica, Mexico (the Yucatan) (a recent arrival), Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent, Venezuela.
     
     
895. Orchard Oriole (*) (ph) ______ CO:apr,jul  DE:may  FL:apr (DT)  NC:may,jun,aug  NM:apr  TX:apr,may
     Icterus spurius
     
     South of the US, the Orchard Oriole has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama.
     
     
896. Hooded Oriole (*) ______ AZ:jul,aug  CA:sep  TX:apr,may
     Icterus cucullatus
     
     South of the US, the Hooded Oriole has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Mexico.
     
     
897. Bullock's Oriole (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jul,aug  CA:sep  CO:jul  TX:may  WA:sep  (formerly was conspecific with the Baltimore Oriole and was then part of Northern Oriole)
     Icterus bullockii
     
     South of the US, the Bullock's Oriole has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica (where rare), Guatemala, Mexico.
     
     
     
     A 2nd-year Bullock's Oriole
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
898. Baltimore Oriole (*) (ph) ______ DE:may  FL:apr (DT)  NC:may  TX:apr,may  (when it was conspecific with the Bullock's Oriole was called Northern Oriole)
     Icterus galbula
     
     South of the US, the Baltimore Oriole has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico.
     
     
899. Altamira Oriole (*) ______ TX:may  (was, at one time, called Lichtenstein's Oriole)
     Icterus gularis
     
     South of the US, the Altamira Oriole has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.
     
     
900. Audubon's Oriole ______  (has been called Black-headed Oriole)
     Icterus graduacauda
     
     South of the US, the Audubon's Oriole has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.
     
     
901. Scott's Oriole (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jul  NM:apr  TX:apr,may
     Icterus parisorum 
     
     South of the US, the Scott's Oriole has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.
     
     
     
     
     Scott's Oriole
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
902. Streak-backed Oriole ______  (r/US)
     Icterus pustulatus
     
     A species of Mexico and northern Central America. It occurs rarely, mostly in the fall and winter, in southeastern Arizona and southern California, and more rarely in New Mexico and in east Texas. It has occurred as a vagrant in Wisconsin.
           
     South of the US, the Streak-backed Oriole has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.
     
     
903. Spot-breasted Oriole  (ph) ______ 
     Icterus pectoralis
     
     South of the US, the Spot-breasted Oriole has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras.
      
     
904. Black-vented Oriole ______  (r/US)
     Icterus wagleri 
     
     A species Mexico and northern Central America. It occurs rarely in south & west Texas and in southeast Arizona.  
     
     South of the US, the Black-vented Oriole has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala.
     
     
     TANAGERS
     
     
905. Hepatic Tanager (*) ______  AZ:jul,aug  TX:apr 
     Piranga hepatica
     
     South of the US, the Hepatic Tanager has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.
     
     
906. Summer Tanager (*) (ph) ______  AZ:jul,aug  DE:may  FL:apr (DT)  NC:may,jun  NM:apr  TX:apr,may 
     Piranga rubra
     
     South of the US, the Summer Tanager has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Venezuela.
     
     
     
     
     A male Summer Tanager in breeding plumage
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
907. Scarlet Tanager (*) (ph) ______ DE:may  FL:apr (DT)  TX:apr,may 
     Piranga olivacea
     
     South of the US, the Scarlet Tanager has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Panama.
     
     
908. Western Tanager (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jul,aug,sep  CA:sep  CO:jul  TX:apr,may  WA:sep
     Piranga ludoviciana
     
     South of the US, the Western Tanager has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico.
     
     
909. Flame-colored Tanager (*) (ph)  ______  (r/US)  AZ:jul   (has also been called Stripe-backed Tanager)
     Piranga bidentata
     
     A Neotropical resident species in Mexico and Central America. It occurs rarely in the mountains of southeast Arizona in the spring & summer, and rarely in west & south Texas.
      
     South of the US, the Flame-colored Tanager has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama.
     
     
     
     
     Flame-colored Tanager
     (photo by Rubin Campos)
     
     
910. Western Spindalis ______  (r/US)  (was called Stripe-headed Tanager, and included these, all now considered distinct species: Puerto Rican Spindalis, Hispaniolan Spindalis, and the Jamaican Spindalis, in addition to the Western Spindalis of the Bahama Islands, Cayman Islands, and Cozumel Island, off the Yucatan coast of Mexico)
     Spindalis zena
     
     A species of some West Indian Islands: the Bahama Islands, the Cayman Islands, and west to Cozumel Island, Mexico. It occurs rarely in southern Florida, including the Keys.  
     
     South of the US, the Western Spindalis has been seen during FONT tours in the Cayman Islands, Mexico (Cozumel Island).
     
     
911. Bananaquit  (ph)  ______  (r/US)
     Coereba flaveola
     
     A species of the West Indies and Central & South America, being most common on Caribbean islands. There are 41 subspecies. The Bananaquit occurs rarely in southern Florida, coming from the Bahamas.
       
     South of the US, the Bananaquit has been seen during FONT tours in Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Brazil (as far south as Rio Grande do Sul), the Cayman Islands, Costa Rica, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Jamaica, Mexico (Cozumel Island & the Yucatan), Panama, Paraguay,  Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent, Venezuela. 
     Two forms have seen during FONT tours on Saint Vincent, with most of the Bananaquits there being all-black. 
      
     
912. White-collared Seedeater  ______  (r/US)
     Sporophila torqueola
     
     A species of Mexico & Central America. It occurs rarely & locally in the Rio Grande Valley of south Texas.
     
     South of the US, the White-collared Seedeater has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama.  
       
     
913. Black-faced Grassquit  (ph) ______  (r/US)
     Tiaris bicolor
     
     A species mostly in the West Indies. It occurs rarely in southern Florida.
     
     South of the US, the Black-faced Grassquit has been seen during FONT tours in Barbados, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent, Venezuela. 
     
     
914. Yellow-faced Grassquit ______  (r/US)
     Tiaris olivaceus
     
     A Neotropical species. It occurs rarely in southern Florida (the West Indian race, olivaceus) and in southernmost Texas (the mainland race, pusillus).
      
     South of the US, the Yellow-faced Grassquit has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, the Cayman Islands, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico.
     
     
915. Olive Sparrow (*) ______ TX:may
     Arremonops rufivirgatus
     
     South of the US, the Olive Sparrow has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Costa Rica, Mexico.
     
     
     TOWHEES & SPARROWS
     
     
916. Green-tailed Towhee (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jan  CO:apr,jul  NM:apr  TX:apr
     Pipilo (formerly Chlorura) chlorurus  (monotypic)
     
     
917. Spotted Towhee (*) (ph)  ______  AZ:jul,aug,sep  BC:sep  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  NE:mar  TX:apr,may  WA:sep  (this & the Eastern Towhee were considered conspecific, and when so was called Rufous-sided Towhee; now conspecific with the Olive-sided and Socorro Towhees of Mexico, and formerly so with the Collared Towhees of Mexico, now distinct)     
     Pipilo maculatus montanus
     
     South of the US, the Spotted Towhee has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Mexico (the "Olive-backed" form).
     
     
     
     
     A female Spotted Towhee
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
918. Eastern Towhee (*) (ph) ______ DE:may  NC:may,jun,aug  (this & the Spotted Towhee were considered conspecific, and when so was called Rufous-sided Towhee) 
     Pipilo erythrophthalmus
     
     
919. Canyon Towhee (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jan,jul,aug,sep  CO:apr  NM:apr  OK:apr  TX:apr,may  (formerly with California Towhee combined as Brown Towhee)
     Melozone (formerly Pipilo) fuscus texanus 
     
     South of the US, the Canyon Towhee has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.
     
     
920. California Towhee (*) ______ CA:sep (formerly conspecific with the Brown Towhee)
     Melozone (formerly Pipilo) crissalis 
     
     
921. Abert's Towhee (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jul,aug,sep
     Melozone (formerly Pipilo) aberti
     
     
922. Cassin's Sparrow (*) ______ AZ:jul,aug,sep  CO:apr,jul  KS:apr  NM:jul,aug  TX:apr
     Peucaea (formerly Aimophila) cassinii
     
     
923. Bachman's Sparrow (nt) (USe) (*) ______ NC:may,jun
     Peucaea (formerly Aimophila) aestivalis
     
     
924. Botteri's Sparrow (*) ______ AZ:jul,aug  TX:may (r/TX)
     Peucaea (formerly Aimophila) botterii
     
     South of the US, the Botteri's Sparrow has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Mexico.
     
     
925. Rufous-crowned Sparrow (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jan,jul,aug,sep  CA:sep  NM:apr  OK:apr  TX:apr,may
     Aimophila ruficeps
     
     South of the US, the Rufous-crowned Sparrow has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.
     
     
926. Rufous-winged Sparrow (*) ______ AZ:jul,aug
     Peucaea (formerly Aimophila) carpalis 
     
     South of the US, the Rufous-winged Sparrow has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico (Sonora).
     
     
927. Five-striped Sparrow (*) ______  (r/US)   AZ:jul  
     Amphispiza (formerly Aimophila) quinquestriata
     
     A primarily west Mexican species. It occurs locally in southern Arizona.
     
     South of the US, the Five-striped Sparrow has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico (Sonora).
     
     
928. American Tree Sparrow (*) (ph) ______ AK:may,jun  CO:apr  IA:mar  NE:mar
     Spizella arborea
     
     
     
     
     American Tree Sparrow
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
929. Chipping Sparrow (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jan,jul,aug  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  DE:may  KS:apr  NC:may,jun  NE:mar,apr  NM:apr  TX:apr,may  WA:sep
     Spizella passerina
     
     South of the US, the Chipping Sparrow has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Mexico.
     
     
930. Clay-colored Sparrow (*) (ph) ______ CO:apr  TX:apr,may
     Spizella pallida  (monotypic)
     
     South of the US, the Clay-colored Sparrow has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.
       
     
931. Brewer's Sparrow  (nt) (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jan,aug,sep  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  NM:apr  TX:apr  WA:sep 
     Spizella breweri
     
     South of the US, the Brewer's Sparrow has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico (Sonora).
      
     
932. Field Sparrow (*) ______ DE:may  IA:mar  NC:jun,aug  NE:mar
     Spizella pusilla
     
     
933. Black-chinned Sparrow (*) ______ AZ:sep  TX:apr
     Spizella atrogularis
     
     South of the US, the Black-chinned Sparrow has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.
     
     
934. Worthen's Sparrow ______
     Spizella worthenii
     
     Now an endemic Mexican species. Only included in this North America list, as the type specimen for the species was collected at Silver City, New Mexico in June 1884. That bird was probably part of a small resident population that was subsequently extirpated. The species is now classified by Birdlife International as critically endangered.     
     
     
935. Vesper Sparrow (*) (ph)  ______ AZ:jan,aug,sep  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  DE:may  KS:apr  NE:mar,apr  OK:apr  TX:apr  WA:sep  WY:apr
     Pooecetes gramineus
     
     In California, the Vesper Sparrow is an uncommon migrant. 
     
     South of the US, the Vesper Sparrow has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.
     
     
     
     
     Vesper Sparrow
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
936. Lark Sparrow (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jan,jul,aug,sep  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  FL:apr (DT) (r/FL)  KS:apr  NM:apr  TX:apr,may  WA:sep
     Chondestes grammacus
     
     South of the US, the Lark Sparrow has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.
     
     
937. Black-throated Sparrow (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jul,aug,sep  NM:apr,aug  TX:apr,may
     Amphispiza bilineata
     
     South of the US, the Black-throated Sparrow has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico (Sonora).
     
     
938. Sage Sparrow (*) (ph) ______ CA:sep  CO:apr  WA:sep
     Amphispiza belli
     
     
939. Lark Bunting (*) ______ AZ:jul,aug,sep  CO:apr,jul  KS:apr  NM:aug  TX:apr
     Calamospiz melanocorys
     
     South of the US, the Lark Bunting has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico (Sonora).
     
     
     
     
     Lark Bunting, an immature male
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
940. Savannah Sparrow (*) (ph) ______ AK:may,jun (ac)  AZ:jan,aug  BC:sep  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  DE:may  FL:apr (DT)  NE:mar  NF:jul  NM:apr  TX:may  WA:sep  WY:apr
     Passerculus sandwichensis
     
     South of the US, the Savannah Sparrow has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.
     
     "Ipswich" Savannah Sparrow ______
     Passerculus sandwichensis princeps
     
     The "Ipswich" Savannah Sparrow, that breeds in eastern Canada, on Sable Island, Nova Scotia, winters along the seacoast of the northeast US.
     
     "Large-billed" Savannah Sparrow  ______ (has been said by some to be a species distinct from the Savannah Sparrow)
     Passerculus sandwichensis rostratus
     
     The "Large-billed" Savannah Sparrow, that breeds in northwest Mexico, occurs in the southwest US, generally from late July until February or early March. 
     
     
941. Grasshopper Sparrow (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jul,aug  CO:apr  DE:may  KS:apr  TX:may 
     Ammodramus savannarum
     
     South of the US, the Grasshopper Sparrow has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Mexico.
     
     
942. Baird's Sparrow (*) ______ TX:apr
     Ammodramus bairdii
     
     
943. Henslow's Sparrow  (nt) (*) (ph) ______ NC:jun
     Ammodramus henslowii
     
     
944. LeConte's Sparrow (*) (ph) ______  TX:apr
     Ammodramus leconteii
     
     
     
     
     LeConte's Sparrow
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
945. Saltmarsh Sparrow  (t3) (*) ______ NC:may
     Ammodramus caudacutus
     
     
     
     
     Saltmarsh Sparrow
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
     
946. Nelson's Sparrow ______  (was formerly, with the Saltmarsh Sparrow, part of the Sharp-tailed Sparrow)
     Ammodramus nelsoni
     
     
947. Seaside Sparrow (*) ______ DE:may  NC:may,jun  VA:may
     Ammodramus maritimus
     
     
948. "Red" Fox Sparrow (*) ______ AK:may,jun  NF:jul
     Passerella iliaca 
     
     
     "Slate-colored" Fox Sparrow (*)  ______  BC:sep  CO:apr  NE:mar  WA:sep
     Passerella iliaca schistacea 
     
     
     "Sooty" Fox Sparrow (*) ______ AK:may,jun 
     Passerella iliaca unalaschcensis
     
     
949. Song Sparrow (*) (ph) ______ AK:may,jun  AZ:jan,jul,aug  BC:sep  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  DE:may  IA:mar  KS:apr  NC:may,jun,aug  NE:mar,apr  NF:jul  TX:apr  WA:sep  WY:apr 
     Melospiza melodia
     
     Throughout its range, there are 39 subspecies of Song Sparrows, with 29 of them north of Mexico. There are 11 subspecies in California. 
     
     South of the US, the Song Sparrow has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.
     
     
950. Lincoln's Sparrow (*) ______ AZ:jan  AK:may,jun  BC:sep  CO:apr,jul  NF:jul  TX:apr  WA:sep
     Melospiza lincolnii
     
     South of the US, the Lincoln's Sparrow has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico.
      
     
951. Swamp Sparrow (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jan  DE:may  NF:jul  TX:may
     Melospiza georgiana
     
     
952. White-throated Sparrow  (*) ______ DE:may  CO:apr  (r/CO)  NF:jul
     Zonotrichia albicollis
     
     
953. Harris's Sparrow (*) (ph) ______ CO:apr  NE:mar
     Zonotrichia querula
     
     
954. White-crowned Sparrow (*) (ph) ______ AK:may,jun (ac)  AZ:jan  BC:sep  CA:sep  CO:apr,jul  KS:apr  NE:mar  NM:apr  TX:apr  WA:sep 
     Zonotrichia leucophrys 
     
     South of the US, the White-crowned Sparrow has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico (Sonora).
     
     
     
     
     White-crowned Sparrow
     (photo Howard Eskin)
     
     
955. Golden-crowned Sparrow (*) ______ AK:may,jun  WA:sep
     Zonotrichia atricapilla
     
     
956. "White-winged" Dark-eyed Junco (*) ______ CO:apr  KS:apr
     Junco hyemalis aikeni 
     
     
     "Oregon" Dark-eyed Junco (*) ______ CA:sep  CO:apr  WA:sep
     Junco hyemalis oreganus 
     
     
     "Pink-sided" Dark-eyed Junco (*) ______ CO:apr  WY:apr
     Junco hyemalis mearnsi 
     
     
     "Gray-headed" Dark-eyed Junco (*) ______ AZ:jan  CO:apr,jul  TX:apr  WY:apr
     Junco hyemalis caniceps 
     
     
     "Slate-colored" Dark-eyed Junco (*) (ph)  ______  AK:may,jun  CO:apr  IA:mar  NE:mar  NF:jul  WY:apr
     Junco h. hyemalis
     
     
     
     
     "Slate-colored" Dark-eyed Junco
     This is 1 of 5 forms of the Dark-eyed Junco that have 
     been seen during FONT tour in Colorado in April.    
     (photo by Doris Potter)
     
     
957. "Mexican" Yellow-eyed Junco (*) ______ AZ:jul,aug,sep
     Junco phaeonotus 
     
     South of the US, the Yellow-eyed Junco has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Mexico. The more-southerly form is known as the "Guatemalan" Yellow-eyed Junco.
       
     
958. McCown's Longspur (*) (ph) ______ CO:apr,jul  WY:apr
     Ryhnchophanes (formerly Calcarius) mccownii  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
     
     
959. Lapland Longspur (*) (ph) ______ AK:may,jun (PI)  NE:mar
     Calcarius lapponicus
     
     
     
     
     Lapland Longspur in non-breeding plumage
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
960. Smith's Longspur (*) (ph)  ______ AK:jun
     Calcarius pictus
     
     
     
     
     Smith's Longspur in non-breeding plumage
     (photo by Alan Brady)
     
     
961. Chestnut-collared Longspur  (nt) (*) (ph) ______ CO:apr,jul
     Calcarius ornatus  (monotypic)
     
     
962. Snow Bunting (*) (ph) ______ AK:may,jun (PI)
     Calcarius (formerly Plectrophenax) nivalis
     
     Outside North America, the Snow Bunting has been seen during FONT tours in Iceland, Japan (Hokkaido), Sweden.   
     
     
963. McKay's Bunting  (nt) (*) ______ AK:jun
     Calcarius (formerly Plectrophenax) hyperboreus
     
     The McKay's Bunting is known to breed only on the Alaskan islands of Hall and St, Matthew Islands in the Bering Sea. A few are sometimes present in the late spring on St. Lawrence Island, and in the summer it is rarely on the Pribilof Islands. 
     In the winter, it is rare to uncommon along the west coast of Alaska, and rare in the winter in interior Alaska, on the Aleutians, and south along the West Coast of North America south to Oregon,    
     Some think that the McKay's Bunting is a subspecies of the Snow Bunting.
     
     
964. Pine Bunting ______  (r/NA)
     Emberiza leucocephalus
     
     Primarily an eastern Old World species. There have been two fall records on Attu Island, in the Aleutians, Alaska, both males: one, October 6, 1993, a specimen; another November 18-19, 1995, was photographed.    
     
     
965. Yellow-breasted Bunting  (ph) ______  (r/US)
     Emberiza aureola
     
     An mostly Asian species, said to be declining. It occurs rarely in Alaska, mainly on western Aleutian Islands.
     
     Outside North America, the Yellow-breasted Bunting has been seen during FONT tours in Japan, including Hegura Island. 
      
     
966. Elegant Bunting  (ph) ______  (has been called Yellow-throated Bunting)
     Emberiza elegans
     
     An east Asian species. A male was photographed on Attu Island, in the Aleutians, Alaska, on May 25, 1988.
     
     Outside North America, the Elegant Bunting (formerly Yellow-throated Bunting) has been seen during FONT tours in Japan, including Hegura Island. 
       
     
967. Grey Bunting ______  (r/NA)
     Emberiza variabilis
     
     An Asian species. It occurs rarely, in the spring, on western Aleutian Islands, Alaska.
     
     Outside North America, the Grey Bunting has been seen during FONT tours in Japan, including Hegura Island.
      
     
968. Common Reed Bunting ______  (r/US)
     Emberiza schoeniclus
     
     An Eurasian species. it occurs rarely on the westernmost Aleutian Islands in the late spring. It has occurred, more rarely, in the fall on St. Lawrence Island.  All occurrences in Alaska have been of the pale east Asian subspecies pyrrhulina, resembling the Pallas's Reed Bunting in female & winter plumages.
     
     Outside North America, the Common Reed Bunting has been seen during FONT tours in Bulgaria, Hungary, Japan (including Hegura Island), Poland, Spain, Sweden.
     
     
969. Pallas's Reed Bunting ______  (r/US)
     Emberiza pallasi
     
     An Asian species. It occurs rarely in Alaska on St. Lawrence Island and in the western Aleutian Islands. It has also occurred at Point Barrow, Alaska.
     
     Outside North America, the Pallas's Reed Bunting has been seen during FONT tour in Japan in the winter.
      
     
970. Rustic Bunting ______  (r/NA)
     Emberiza rustica
     
     A Eurasian species. It occurs rarely in the spring on western & central Aleutian Islands, Alaska. More rarely, it occurs there in the fall, as well as on other islands in the Bering Sea, and further south in North America to the West Coast of the US.
     
     Outside North America, the Rustic Bunting has been seen during FONT tours in Japan, including Hegura Island.  
       
     
971. Little Bunting ______  (r/US)
     Emberiza pusilla 
     
     A Eurasian species. It occurs rarely, in the fall, on St. Lawrence Island and in the western Aleutian Islands, Alaska, and in California.
     
     Outside North America, the Little Bunting has been seen during FONT tours in Japan on Hegura Island.
      
     
972. Yellow-browed Bunting ______  (r/US)
     Emberiza chrysophrys 
     
     Apparently the first North American record of this Asian species was on Saint Lawrence Island, Alaska, on September 15, 2007.
     
     Outside North America, the Yellow-browed Bunting has been seen during FONT tours in Japan on Hegura Island.
       
     
973. Dickcissel (*) ______ TX:apr,may
     Spiza americana
     
     South of the US, the Dickcissel has been seen during FONT tours in Venezuela (where it forms large flocks in its non-breeding season).
     
     
     CARDINAL, GROSBEAKS, ALLIES 
     
     
974. Northern Cardinal (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jul,aug,sep  CO:apr  (r/CO)  DE:may  FL:apr  IA:mar  NC:may,jun,jul,aug  NE:mar  NM:apr  TX:apr,may
     Cardinalis cardinalis
     
     South of the US, the Northern Cardinal has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Mexico.
     
     
975. Pyrrhuloxia (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jan,jul,aug  NM:apr  TX:apr,may
     Cardinalis sinnatus
     
     South of the US, the Pyrrhuloxia has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico (Sonora).
     
     
976. Mexican Yellow Grosbeak (*) ______  (r/US)  AZ:Jul  
     Pheucticus chrysopeplus
     
     An endemic Mexican species. It occurs rarely in southern Arizona in the late spring and summer. 
     
     South of the US, the Mexican Yellow Grosbeak has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Mexico.
     
     
977. Rose-breasted Grosbeak (*) (ph) ______ CA:sep (r/CA)  DE:may  FL:apr (DT)  TX:apr,may
     Pheucticus indoviciannus
     
     In California, seen at Point Reyes during FONT West Coast Tours in September 1998 & 2005.  
     
     South of the US, the Rose-breasted Grosbeak has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama.
     
     
     
     
     Rose-breasted Grosbeak
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
978. Black-headed Grosbeak (*) ______ AZ:jul,aug,sep  BC:sep  CA:sep  CO:jul  TX:apr  WA:sep
     Pheucticus m. melanocephalus
     
     South of the US, the Black-headed Grosbeak has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.
     
     
979. Crimson-collared Grosbeak ______  (r/US)
     Rhodothraupis celaeno  (the single member of its genus)
     
     A species endemic to northeast Mexico. It occurs rarely in south Texas, mainly in the winter.
     
     
980. Blue Grosbeak (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jul,aug,sep  DE:may  FL:apr (DT)  NC:may,jun,aug  NM:apr  TX:apr,may
     Passerina caerulea interfusa
     
     South of the US, the Blue Grosbeak has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama.
     
     
981. Lazuli Bunting (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jul,aug  CO:jul
     Passerina amoena
     
     South of the US, the Lazuli Bunting has been seen during FONT tours in Mexico.
     
     
982. Indigo Bunting (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jul,aug  CO:jul  DE:may  FL:apr (DT)  NC:may,jun,aug  TX:apr,may
     Passerina cyanea
     
     South of the US, the Indigo Bunting has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Costa Rica, Dominica (where rare), Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico.
       
     
983. Varied Bunting (*) ______ AZ:jul,aug  NM:apr  TX:apr,may
     Passerina v. versicolor
     
     South of the US, the Varied Bunting has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Mexico.
     
     
984. Painted Bunting  (nt) (*) (ph) ______ AZ:jul  FL:apr (DT)  NC:may,jun  TX:apr,may
     Passerina ciris 
     
     South of the US, the Painted Bunting has been seen during FONT tours in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico.
     
     
985. Blue Bunting (*) (ph) ______  (r/US)  TX:may   
     Cyanocompsa parellina
     
     A species of Mexico and northern Central America. It occurs rarely, and irregularly, in southern Texas, mostly in the winter. The first in the US was found in the Cameron Parish of Louisiana in 1979. 
     
     South of the US, the Blue Bunting has been seen during FONT tours in Guatemala, Mexico.
     
     
     
     Other species (not necessarily well documented):
     
     
986. Dark-billed Cuckoo  ______  (r/US)
     Coccyzus melacoryphus
     
     A South American species. In February 1986, an adult was brought to a bird rehabilitation center in Hidalgo County, Texas. it subsequently died, and the specimen was placed in the collection of bird skins at Louisiana State University. It was not known exactly where the bird was found, but it was thought to have been in Hidalgo County.
     The Dark-billed Cuckoo is a long-distance austral migrant that as occurred as a vagrant north of South America on Clipperton Island (off the west coast of Mexico), Grenada (in the Caribbean), and Panama.  
     
     South of the US, the Dark-billed Cuckoo has been seen during FONT tours in Brazil, Ecuador, Venezuela.
     
     
987. Yucatan Vireo  (ph)  ______  (r/US)
     Vireo magister
     
     A species of the western Caribbean, as a resident on Grand Cayman Island, and on Cozumel Island, Mexico & the the nearby Yucatan Peninsula, and on offshore islands of Honduras, A single bird that occurred in Galveston County, Texas in the spring of 1984 (April 28 to May 27) is, thus far, the only occurrence of the species north of the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico.
     
     South of the US, the Yucatan Vireo has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, the Cayman Islands, Mexico (the Yucatan Peninsula & Cozumel Island).
       
     
988. Black Catbird  (ph)   ______  (r/US)
     Melanoptila glabrirostris
     
     A species of the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico, and nearby in northern Central America, generally near the Caribbean coast. A specimen was collected in Brownsville, Texas on June 21, 1982.  
     
     South of the US, the Black Catbird ahs been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Mexico (the Yucatan Peninsula & Cozumel Island).
     
     
989. Scarlet Ibis  (ph)  ______  
     Eudocimus ruber
     
     A South American species. Two specimens were said historically to have been collected in Texas, but neither was saved. More recently, one in Cameron County, along the Gulf Coast in south Texas, in June 1972, was determined to have been from a zoo in nearby Brownsville. 
     
     South of the US, the Scarlet Ibis has been seen during FONT tours in Brazil, Venezuela.
     
     
990. Antillean Crested Hummingbird  (ph) ______  (r/US)
     Orthorhynchus cristatus
     
     A species of the eastern Caribbean, from Puerto Rico south through the Lesser Antilles. In February 1967, a badly damaged carcass of an adult male was supposedly retrieved from household trash in Galveston, Texas. where it was said to have been discarded by two boys who claimed they had captured the bird alive. There was no significant storm at the time, and subsequently have have been no occurrences of this species in North America.  
     
     South of the US, the Antillean Crested Hummingbird has been seen during FONT tours in Dominica,  Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent.
     
     
991. Rufous-tailed Hummingbird  (ph) ______  (r/US)
     Amazilia tzacatl 
     
     A common species in Central America, and in parts of eastern Mexico. Strays, if they ever occurred in Texas, have been unconfirmed. Specimens supposedly collected at Fort Brown (Brownsville) in the summer of 1876 were lost. Sight records in Texas in November 1969 in LaPorte and in August 1975 in Brownsville were unsubstantiated.
     
     South of the US, the Rufous-tailed Hummingbird has been seen during FONT tours in Belize, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.
        
     
     A Species that was said to be in North America, but was not:
     
     
992. Snowy-crowned Tern  (ph) ______
     Sterna trudeaui
     
     In 1838, John James Audubon wrote the following about it: "This beautiful tern, which has not hitherto been described, was procured at Great Egg Harbor in New Jersey, by my much esteemed and talented friend, James deBertz Trudeau, of Louisiana, to whom I have the great pleasure of dedicating it. From the specimen sent to him by Trudeau, Audubon did an illustration of it that year in London, and the print was included in Audubon's famous "The Birds of America".
     But actually, there was an error. The species occurs only in southern South America, with no valid record of it ever being in North America. That specimen is actually said to have come from Chile. 
     The species has been known, over the years, as the Trudeau's Tern, but now, more appropriately, it's called the Snowy-crowned Tern.         
     
     The Snowy-crowned Tern has been seen during FONT tours in Argentina, Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul), Chile.  
     

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