Brazil Birds
during 
FONT Birding & Nature Tours 

Part 1: Tinamous thru Flycatchers

1992 thru 2008

(during the months of February, 
March, July, August, September, 
October, and November)

List compiled by Armas Hill

Links:

Brazil Birds during FONT Tours List Part #2:  Antbirds thru Grosbeaks

Birds during FONT tours in:

Mato Grosso

Minas Gerais

Rio Grande do Sul

Southeast Brazil

Rare & Threatened Birds of Brazil

There have been 42 FONT birding tours in Brazil.
1,023 species of birds have cumulatively been seen during FONT Brazilian tours.  

Recent taxonomic changes have been incorporated into the following list. A number of these are from "The Birds of Ecuador - Status, Distribution, and Taxonomy" by Robert S. Ridgely and Paul J. Greenfield. Others are from the 3rd edition of "The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World". In general, the taxonomic order is as it is in that publication and in "Birds of the World - Recommended English Names" by Frank Gill and Minturn Wright. Nomenclature is usually as it is in the Gill & Wright book. 

Codes:

(h): heard only
(i): introduced species
(e): endemic to Brazil
(qe): quasi (or near) endemic to Brazil

(t): a globally threatened or rare species, designated by Birdlife International
  (t1): critical 
  (t2): endangered 
  (t3): vulnerable
(nt): a near-threatened species globally

af:     the Alta Floresta and Rio Cristalino areas (mostly Amazonian)
am:   Amazonas state, mostly in the area of Manaus
br:    the area of Brasilia - the federal capital
es:    Espiritu Santo state
ig:    the area of Iguacu Falls
mn:  Minas Gerais state
mt:   Mato Grosso state (excluding Alta Floresta/Rio Cristalino) & Mato Grosso do Sul state
        (including the Pantanal, Chapada dos Guimaraes, Serra das Araras, and the Jardim da
         Amazonia in central MT near the Rio Claro)
se:     Southeast Brazil (particularly places in the states of Rio de Janeiro & Sao Paulo,
        including the areas of Itatiaia National Park and Cubatao, Ubatuba, Angra dos Reis, and 
        Cabo Frio along the coast) 
rs:    Rio Grande do Sul - the southernmost state in Brazil

x after the 2-letter code indicates out-of-range (probable escape)

OTHER LINKS:

Upcoming Brazil Birding Tour Itineraries

Mammals & Other Wildlife during FONT Brazil Tours

Mammals during FONT Tours in South America 

  Birds:

1. Solitary Tinamou (nt) (qe) ______ mn,se
   Tinamus s. solitarius
   
   
2. Great Tinamou ______ af,am
   Tinamus major olivascens
   
   
3. Gray Tinamou ______ mt
   Tinamus tao kleei
   
   
4. Cinereous Tinamou ______ af,am
   Crypturellus cinereus  (monotypic)
   
   
5. Little Tinamou ______ af,mn,mt
   Crypturellus soui albigularis
   
   
6. Undulated Tinamou ______ mt
   Crypturellus undulatus vermiculatus
   
   
7. Yellow-legged Tinamou (nt) (e) ______ mn
   Crypturellus n. noctivagus
   
   
8. Brown Tinamou ______ af,mn,rs,se
   Crypturellus o.obsoletus  (mn,rs & se)
   Crypturellus obsoletus griseiventris  (af)
   
   
9. Small-billed Tinamou ______ mn,mt
   Crypturellus parvirostris  (monotypic)
   
   
10. Brazilian Tinamou ______ af
    Crypturellus strigulosus  (monotypic)
    
    
11. Tataupa Tinamou ______ ig,mn,mt
    Crypturellus t. tataupa
    
    
12. Red-winged Tinamou ______ br,mn,mt
    Rhynchotus r. rufescens
    
    
13. Spotted Nothura ______ br,mn,mt,rs
    Nothura m. maculosa  (mn,mt,rs)
    Nothura maculosa major  (br)
    
    
14. White-bellied Nothura ______ mt
    Nothura boraquira  (monotypic)
    
    
15. Geater Rhea (nt) ______ mn,mt,rs
    Rhea a. americana (mn)  
    Rhea americana araneipes (mt)
    Rhea americana intermedia (rs)
    (the single member of its genus)
    
    
16. Little Chachalaca ______ am (this species, north of the Amazon, was conspecific with the Speckled, Scaled, & Chestnut-headed Chachalacas; was called Variable Chachalaca when combined) 
    Ortalis motmot ruficeps 
    
    
17. Chestnut-headed Chachalaca ______ af  (this species, south of the Amazon, was conspecific with the Speckled, Scaled, & Little Chachalacas; was called Variable Chachalaca when combined)  
    Ortalis guttata  (monotypic)
    
    
18. Scaled Chachalaca ______ mn
    Ortalis squamata  (monotypic)
    
    
19. Chaco Chachalaca ______ mt
    Ortalis canicollis pantanalensis
    
    
20. Rusty-margined Guan ______ ig,mn
    Penelope superciliaris jacupemba
    
    
21. Dusky-legged Guan ______ ig,mn,rs,se
    Penelope o. obscura
    
    
22. Spix's Guan ______ af,am
    Penelope j. jacquacu
    
    
23. Chestnut-bellied Guan (t2) (e) ______ mt
    Penelope ochrogaster  (monotypic)
    
    
24. Common Piping-Guan ______ af,mt  (includes both "Blue-throated Piping Guan" & "Red-throated Piping Guan")      
    Pipile cumanensis grayi  (mt)
    Pipile cumanensis nattereri  (af)
    
    
25. Black-fronted Piping-Guan (t3) (qe) ______ ig,se
    Pipile jacutinga (monotypic)
    
    
26. Bare-faced Curassow ______ af,br,mt
    Crax f. fasiolata (br,mt)
    Crax fasiolata pinima  (af)  ("Natterer's Bare-faced Curassow")
    
    
27. Razor-billed Curassow ______ af,mt
    Mitu tuberosum  (was considered conspecific with the Alagoas Curassow of eastern Brazil that's now either extinct or nearly so in the wild)
    
    
28. Marbled Wood-Quail ______ af,mt
    Odontophorus g. gujanensis
    
    
29. Spot-winged Wood-Quail ______ mn,se
    Odontophorus capueira (monotypic)
    
    
30. Southern Screamer ______ mt,rs
    Chauna torquata (monotypic)
    
    
31. Black-necked Swan ______ rs
    Cygnus melancoryphus (monotypic)
    
    
32. Coscoroba Swan ______ rs
    Coscoroba coscoroba (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
33. Muscovy Duck ______ af,mn,mt
    Cairina moschata  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
34. White-faced Whistling Duck ______ af,mn,mt,rs,se
    Dendrocygna viduata (monotypic)
    
    
35. Black-bellied Whistling Duck ______ af,am,mn,mt
    Dendrocygna autumnalis discolor
    
    
36. Fulvous Whistling Duck ______ mt,rs,se
    Dendrocygna bicolor (monotypic)
    
    
37. Comb Duck ______ ig,mt,rs,se  (was conspecific with what's now the Knob-billed Duck of Africa & Asia) 
    Sarkidiornis sylvicola  (monotypic)     
    
    
38. White-cheeked Pintail ______ se
    Anas bahamensis rubriostris
    
    
39. Yellow-billed Pintail ______ rs,se
    Anas georgica spinicauda
    
    
40. Speckled Teal ______ rs
    Anas f. flavirostris
    
    
41. Silver Teal ______ rs
    Anas v. versicolor
    
    
42. Rosy-billed Pochard  ______ rs,se  (another name has been "Rosybill")
    Netta peposaca (monotypic)
    
    
43. Southern Pochard ______ se
    Netta e. erythrophthalma
    
    
44. Ringed Teal ______ rs
    Callonetta leucophrys (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
45. Brazilian Teal ______ af,br,mn,mt,rs,se
    Amazonetta brasiliensis ipecutiri  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
46. Brazilian Merganser (t1) (qe)  (see rare & threatened bird of Brazil file)  ______ mn
    Mergus octosetaceus  (monotypic)
    
    
47. Black-headed Duck ______ rs  (the only brood-parasitic duck in the world)
    Heteronetta atricapilla  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
48. Masked Duck ______ se
    Nononyx (formerly Oxyura) dominica  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
49. Magellanic Penguin (nt) ______ se
    Spheniscus mendiculus  (monotypic)
    
    
50. Black-browed Albatross (nt) ______ rs
    Thalassarche (has been Diomedea) melanophrys
    
    
51. White-chinned Petrel ______ rs
    Procellaria a. aequinoctialis
    
    
52. Manx Shearwater ______ rs,se
    Puffinus puffinus
    
    
53. Wilson's Storm-Petrel ______ rs
    Oceanites oceanicus
    
    
54. Pied-billed Grebe ______ mn,rs,se
    Podilymbus podiceps anarcticus
    
    
55. Least Grebe ______ mn,mt,se
    Tachybabtus (formerly Podiceps) dominicus speciesus
    
    
56. White-tufted Grebe ______ rs
    Rollandia (formerly Podiceps) rolland chilensis
    
    
57. Great Grebe ______ rs
    Podiceps m. major 
    
    
58. Jabiru ______ af,mt
    Jabiru mycteria  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
59. Maguari Stork ______ mt,rs
    Ciconia maguari (monotypic)
    
    
60. Wood Stork ______ af,mt,rs
    Mycteria americana (monotypic)
    
    
61. Scarlet Ibis ______ se
    Eudocimus ruber (monotypic)
    
    
62. Buff-necked Ibis ______ br,mn,mt,rs
    Theristicus caudatus hyperorius
    
    
63. Plumbeous Ibis ______ mt,rs
    Theristicus caerulescens (monotypic)
    
    
64. Green Ibis ______ af,am,br,mn,mt
    Mesembrinibis cayennensis  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
65. Bare-faced Ibis ______ mt,rs
    Phimosus infuscatus nudifrons  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
66. White-faced Ibis ______ mt,rs
    Plegadis chihi (monotypic)
    
    
67. Roseate Spoonbill ______ mt,rs,se
    Ajaia (formerly Platalea) ajaja  (monotypic)
    
    
68. Magnificent Frigatebird ______ rs,se
    Fregata magnificens  (now considered monotypic)
    
    
69. Striated Heron ______ af,am,br,mt,rs,se  (at one time considered conspecific with the Green Heron of North America and most of Central America, and was then called Green-backed Heron) 
    Butorides s. striatus
    
    
70. Least Bittern ______ mt
    Ixobrychus exilis erythromelas
    
    
71. Stripe-backed Bittern ______ se
    Ixobrychus involucris  (monotypic)
    
    
72. Pinnated Bittern ______ se
    Botaurus p. pinnatus 
    
    
73. Rufescent Tiger-Heron ______ af,mn,mt,se
    Tigrisoma lineatum marmoratum
    
    
74. Zigzag Heron (nt) ______ af,mt
    Zebrilus undulatus  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
75. Yellow-crowned Night-Heron ______ se
    Nyctanassa violacea cayennensis  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
76. Black-crowned Night-Heron ______ br,ig,mn,mt,rs,se
    Nycticorax nycticorax hoactli
    
    
77. Boat-billed Heron ______ af,am,mt
    Cochlearius c. cochlearius  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
78. Agami Heron (nt) ______ af,mt  (has also been called Chestnut-bellied Heron) 
    Agamia agami (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
79. Capped Heron ______ af,am,mt,se
    Pilherodius pileatus  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
80. Whistling Heron ______ br,mn,mt,rs,se
    Syrigma s. sibilatrix  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
81. Cattle Egret ______ af,am,ig,mn,mt,rs,se
    Bubulcus i. ibis
    
    
82. Little Blue Heron ______ mt,rs,se
    Egretta caerulea (monotypic)
    
    
83. Snowy Egret ______ af,am,ig,mn,mt,rs,se
    Egretta thula brewsteri
    
    
84. Cocoi Heron ______ af,am,mn,mt,rs,se  (has also been called White-necked Heron, but there's a species so-named in Australia)
    Ardea cocoi  (monotypic)
    
    
85. Great Egret ______ af,am,br,ig,mn,mt,rs,se
    Ardea (formerly Casmerodius or Egretta) alba egretta
    
    
86. Brown Booby ______ se
    Sula l. leucogaster
    
    
87. Neotropic Cormorant ______ af,am,br,ig,mn,mt,rs,se  (has also been called Olivaceous Cormorant)
    Phalacocorax b. brasilianus  (formerly P. olivacous)
    
    
88. Anhinga ______ af,am,mt
    Anhinga a. anhinga
    
    
89. King Vulture ______ af,br,ig,mn
    Sarcoramphus papa  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
90. Black Vulture ______ af,am,br,es,ig,mn,mt,rs,se
    Coragyps atratus (brasiliensis) (now said to be monotypic)
    
    
91. Turkey Vulture ______ am,br,ig,mn,mt,rs,se
    Cathartes aura ruficollis
    
    
92. Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture ______ am,mt,rs
    Cathartes burrovianus urubitinga  (now said to be monotypic)
    
    
93. Greater Yellow-headed Vulture ______ af,am,mt
    Cathartes melambrotus (monotypic)
    
    
94. Northern Crested Caracara ______ am  (was considered conspecific with the now Southern Crested Caracara that's generally south of the Amazon) 
    Caracara cheriway  (monotypic)
    
    
95. Southern Crested Caracara ______ af,br,ig,mn,mt,rs,se  (was considered conspecific with Northern Crested Caracara, Caracara cheriway, of north of the Amazon & further north in Central America & parts of North America) 
    Caracara plancus
    
    
96. Black Caracara ______ af,am,mt
    Daptrius ater (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
97. Red-throated Caracara ______ af
    Ibycter americanus  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
98. Yellow-headed Caracara ______ af,am,ig,mn,mt,rs,se
    Milvago c. chimachima
    
    
99. Chimango Caracara ______ rs,se
    Milvago c. chimago
    
    
100. Laughing Falcon ______ af,mn,mt,se
     Herpetotheres cachinnans queribundus  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
101. Barred Forest Falcon ______ mt,se
     Micrastur r. ruficollis
     
     
102. Collared Forest Falcon ______ mn,mt,se
     Micrastur s. semitorquatus
     
     
103. Crytic Forest Falcon ______ af  (was conspecific with the Lined Forest Falcon) 
     Micrastur mintoni  (species just recently described)
     
     
104. American Kestrel ______ af,br,ig,mn,mt,rs,se
     Falco sparverius caerae
     
     
105. Bat Falcon ______ af,am,mn,mt
     Falco r. rufigularis
     
     
106. Orange-breasted Falcon  ______ mt
     Falco deiroleucos  (monotypic)
     
     
107. Aplomado Falcon ______ br,mn,mt,rs
     Falco f. femoralis
     
     
108. Peregrine Falcon ______ ig,se
     Falco peregrinus tundrius
     
     
109. Osprey ______ am,br,mt,se
     Pandion haliaetus carolinensis  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
110. Swallow-tailed Kite ______ af,es,mn,mt,rs,se
     Elanoides forficatus yetapa  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
111. Pearl Kite ______ mt
     Gampsonyx s. swainsonii  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
112. White-tailed Kite ______ af,br,mn,mt,rs,se
     Elanus l. leucurus
     
     
113. Gray-headed Kite ______ mt
     Leptodon cayanensis monachus  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
114. Hook-billed Kite ______ ig,mt
     Chondrohierax u. uncinatus  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
115. Snail Kite ______ af,am,ig,mt,rs,se
     Rostrhamus s. sociabilis
     
     
116. Double-toothed Kite ______ af
     Harpagus b. bidentatus
     
     
117. Rufous-thighed Kite ______ ig,mn,mt,se
     Harpagus diodon (monotypic)
     
     
118. Plumbeous Kite _______ af,ig,mn,mt
     Ictinia plumbea (monotypic)
     
     
119. Long-winged Harrier ______ mt,rs
     Circus buffoni (monotypic)
     
     
120. Cinereous Harrier ______ rs
     Circus cinereus (monotypic)
     
     
121. Crane Hawk ______ am,mn,mt
     Geranospiza caerulescens flexipes  (the single member of its genus) 
     
     
122. Rufous-thighed Hawk  ______ mt,se  (was considered conspecific with the Sharp-shinned Hawk)  
     Accipiter erythronemius
     
     
123. Bicolored Hawk ______ mn,se
     Accipiter bicolor pileatus
     
     
124. Tiny Hawk ______ af,mt
     Accipiter s. superciliosus
     
     
125. Gray-bellied Hawk (nt) ______ mn,se
     Accipiter poliogaster  (monotypic)
     
     
126. Slate-colored Hawk ______ af,am
     Leucopternis schistacea  (monotypic)
     
     
127. White-browed Hawk ______ af,mt
     Leucopternis kuhli  (monotypic)
     
     
128. White Hawk ______ af,mt
     Leucopternis a. albicollis
     
     
129. White-necked Hawk (t3) ______ se
     Leucopternis lacernulata (monotypic)
     
     
130. Mantled Hawk (nt) (qe) ______ mn,se
     Leucopternis polionotus  (monotypic)
     
     
131. Great Black Hawk ______ af,ig,mn,mt,se
     Buteogallus u. urubitinga
     
     
132. Crowned Solitary Eagle (t3) ______ mt
     Harpyhaliaetus coronatus  (monotypic)
     
     
133. Savanna Hawk ______ br,ig,mn,mt,rs,se
     Buteogallus meridionalis  (monotypic)
     
     
134. Black-collared Hawk ______ af,am,mt
     Busarellus nigricollis leucocephalus  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
135. Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle ______ mn  
     Geranoaetus m. melanoleucus  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
136. Gray-lined Hawk  ______ af,am,mt  (includes "Gray Hawk" of mostly Central America)
     Buteo nitida pallida
     
     
137. Roadside Hawk ______ am,br,es,ig,mn,mt,rs,se
     Buteo magnirostris magniplumis
     
     
138. Short-tailed Hawk ______ mn,mt,se
     Buteo b. brachyurus
     
     
139. Zone-tailed Hawk ______ se
     Buteo albonotatus  (monotypic)
     
     
140. White-tailed Hawk ______ fs,mn,mt,se
     Buteo a. albicaudatus
     
     
141. Bay-winged Hawk ______ mt,se  (called Harris' Hawk in North America)
     Parabuteo u. unicinctus  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
142. Harpy Eagle (nt) (see rare & threatened birds of Brazil file) ______ af,mt
     Harpia harpyja  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
     
     
143. Ornate Hawk-Eagle ______ af,mt,se
     Spizaetus o. ornatus
     
     
144. Black Hawk-Eagle ______ af,es,mt,se
     Spizaetus t. tyrannus
     
     
145. Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle ______ mt,se
     Spizastur melanoleucus  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
     
     
146. Limpkin ______ af,am,mn,mt,rs,se
     Aramus g. guarauna  (the single member of its genus & family)
     
     
147. Gray-winged Trumpeter ______ am
     Psophia c. crepitans
     
     
148. Dark-winged Trumpeter (e) ______ af
     Psophia v. viridis
     
     
149. Blackish Rail ______ mn,se
     Pardirallus n. nigricans 
     
     
150. Giant Wood-Rail ______ rs
     Aramides ypecaha  (monotypic) 
     
     
151. Gray-necked Wood-Rail ______ af,ig,mn,mt,se
     Aramides c. cajanea
     
     
152. Red-winged Wood-Rail ______ am
     Aramides calopterus (monotypic)
     
     
153. Slaty-breasted Wood-Rail (qe) ______ ig,mn,se
     Aramides saracura  (monotypic)
     
     
154. Ash-throated Crake ______ mn,se
     Porzana a. albicollis
     
     
155. Rufous-sided Crake ______ af,fs,mn,se
     Laterallus m. melanophaius
     
     
156. Speckled Crake ______ rs
     Coturnicops notatus (monotypic)
     
     
157. Common Gallinule (or Moorhen) ______ af,mn,rs,se
     Gallinula chloropus galeata
     
     
158. Spot-flanked Gallinule ______ rs
     Gallinula m. melanops
     
     
159. Purple Gallinule ______ af,am,mn,mt,rs,se
     Porphyrula martinicus (monotypic)
     
     
160. Azure Gallinule ______ mt
     Porphyrula flavirostris (monotypic)
     
     
161. Red-gartered Coot ______ rs,se
     Fulica armilata  (monotypic)
     
     
162. White-winged Coot ______ rs
     Fulica leucoptera (monotypic)
     
     
163. Red-fronted Coot _____ rs
     Fulica rufifrons  (monotypic)
     
     
164. Sungrebe ______ af,am,mt (has been called "American Finfoot")
     Heliornis fulica (monotypic)
     
     
165. Sunbittern ______ af,mt
     Eurypyga h. helias  (the single member of its genus & family)
     
     
166. Red-legged Seriema ______ mn,mt,rs,se
     Cariama cristata  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
     
     
167. Wattled Jacana ______ af,am,ig,mn,mt,rs,se
     Jacana j. jacana
     
     
168. White-backed Stilt ______ mt,rs,se  (was said to be conspecific with the Black-winged Stilt of the Old World, Himantopus himantopus, including also the Black-necked Stilt of North America) 
     Himantopus melanurus
     
     
169. American Oystercatcher ______ rs,se
     Haematopus p. palliatus
     
     
170. Southern Lapwing ______ af,am,br,ig,mn,mt,rs,se
     Vanellus chilensis lampronotus
     
     
171. Pied Plover ______ af
     Hoploxypterus cayanus  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
     
     
172. Grey Plover ______ rs  (has been called Black-bellied Plover in the Americas) 
     Pluvialis squatarola cynosurae
     
     
173. Amercian Golden Plover ______ mt,rs
     Pluvialis dominica  (monotypic)
     
     
174. Collared Plover ______ am,rs,se
     Charadrius collaris (monotypic)
     
     
175. Semipalmated Plover ______ mn,se
     Charadrius semipalmatus  (monotypic)
     
     
176. Hudsonian Godwit ______ rs
     Limosa haemastica  (monotypic)
     
     
177. Upland Sandpiper ______ ig,mn
     Bartramia longicauda  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
     
     
178. Greater Yellowlegs ______ af,mn,mt,rs,se
     Tringa melanoleuca  (monotypic)
     
     
179. Lesser Yellowlegs ______ af,mt,rs,se
     Tringa flavipes  (monotypic)
     
     
180. Solitary Sandpiper ______ af,am,br,mt,rs
     Tringa s. solitaria
     
     
181. Spotted Sandpiper ______ af,am,ig,mt,se
     Actitis macularia (monotypic)
     
     
182. Ruddy Turnstone _____ rs,se
     Arenaria interpres morinella
     
     
183. Red Knot ______ rs
     Calidris canutus rufa
     
     
184. Sanderling ______ rs,se
     Calidris alba rubida
     
     
185. Baird's Sandpiper _____ rs
     Calidris bairdii  (monotypic)
     
     
186. White-rumped Sandpiper ______ rs
     Calidris fuscicollis (monotypic)
     
       
187. Least Sandpiper ______ am
     Calidris minutilla (monotypic)
     
     
188. Pectoral Sandpiper ______ rs
     Calidris melanotos  (monotypic)
     
     
189. Stilt Sandpiper ______ mt
     Calidris (formerly Micropalama) himantopus (monotypic)
     
     
190. South American Snipe ______ es,mt,rs  (was considered conspecific with what's now the Wilson's Snipe, Gallinago delicata, of North America, which was formerly conspecific with the Common Snipe, Gallinago gallinago, of the Old World) 
     Gallinago p. paraguaiae 
     
     
191. Giant Snipe ______ br
     Gallinago undulata
     
     
192. Wilson's Phalarope ______ rs
     Phalaropus (formerly Steganopus) tricolor  (monotypic)
     
     
193. Kelp Gull ______ rs,se  (has been called Domincan Gull in Australia & Africa) 
     Larus d. dominicanus   
     
     
194. Olrog's Gull (t3) ______ rs
     Larus atlanticus  (monotypic)
     
     
195. Gray-hooded Gull ______ rs
     Larus c. cirrocephalus
     
     
196. Brown-hooded Gull  ______ rs
     Larus maculipennis  (monotypic) 
     
     
197. Snowy-crowned Tern ______ rs  (has also been called Trudeau's Tern)
     Sterna trudeaui (monotypic) 
     
     
198. South American Tern ______ rs,se
     Sterna hirundinacea (monotypic)
     
     
199. Antarctic Tern ______ rs,se se:offshore
     Sterna vittata
     
     
200. Common Tern ______ rs,se
     Sterna h. hirundo
     
     
201. Large-billed Tern ______ am,mt,rs
     Phaetusa simplex chloropoda  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
202. Yellow-billed Tern ______ af,am,mt,rs,se  (has also been called Amazon Tern, but not restricted to that basin) 
     Sternula (formerly Sterna) superciliaris (monotypic)
     
     
203. Cayenne Tern ______ rs,se  (was considered conspecific with the more-northerly Sandwich Tern)
     Thalasseus (formerly Sterna) eurygnatha
     
     
204. Royal Tern ______ rs,se
     Thalasseus (formerly Sterna) m. maxima
     
     
205. Black Skimmer ______ af,am,mt,rs,se
     Rynchops nigra intercedens
     
     
206. Parasitic Jaeger  ______ rs  (has also been called Arctic Skua)
     Stercorarius parasiticus
     
     
207. Scaled Pigeon ______ af,mt
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) speciosa (monotypic)
     
     
208. Picazuro Pigeon ______ br,ig,mn,mt,rs,se
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) p. picazuro
     
     
209. Spot-winged Pigeon ______ rs
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) m. maculosa
     
      
210. Pale-vented Pigeon ______ af,am,ig,mn,mt,rs,se
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) cayennensis sylvestris
     
     
211. Plumbeous Pigeon ______ am,mn,mt,se
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) p. plumbea
     
     
212. Ruddy Pigeon ______ af,am,mt
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) subvinacea bogotensis
     
     
213. Common (or Feral) Pigeon (i) ______ am,br,ig,mn,mt,rs,se
     Columba livia
     
     
214. Eared Dove ______ af,es,ig,mn,mt,rs,se
     Zenaida auriculata virgata
     
     
215. Common Ground-Dove ______ am
     Columbina passerina griseola
     
     
216. Plain-breasted Ground-Dove ______ ig,mt,se
     Columbina m. minuta
     
     
217. Ruddy Ground-Dove ______ af,am,br,es,ig,mn,mt,rs,se
     Columbina t. talpacoti
     
     
218. Picui Ground-Dove ______ ig,mt,rs
     Columbina p. picui
     
     
219. Long-tailed Ground-Dove ______ mt
     Uropela campestris figginsi (until recently treated as monotypic) (the single member of its genus)
     
     
220. Blue Ground-Dove ______ af,ig,mt
     Claravis preiosa (monotypic)
     
     
221. Scaled Dove ______ br,mn,mt
     Columbina s. squammata
     
     
222. White-tipped Dove ______ af,am,br,es,ig,mn,mt,rs,se  (has been called White-fronted Dove)
     Leptotila verreauxi decipiens
     
      
223. Gray-fronted Dove ______ af,am,br,mn,mt,se
     Leptotila rufaxilla reichenbachii
     
     
224. Ruddy Quail-Dove ______ af,mt,se
     Geotrygon m. montana
     
     
225. Violaceous Quail-Dove ______ ig
     Geotrygon violacea
     
     
226. Blue-and-yellow Macaw ______ af,am,mt
     Ara ararauna  (monotypic)
     
     
227. Scarlet Macaw ______ af,am
     Ara m. macao
     
     
228. Red-and-green Macaw ______ af,am,mt
     Ara chloroptera  (monotypic)
     
     
229. Chestnut-fronted Macaw ______ af,am
     Ara severus castaneifrons 
     
     
230. Red-bellied Macaw ______ af,am
     Orthopsittaca manilata (monotypic)
     
     
231. Blue-winged Macaw (t3) ______ br,ig,mn,mt  (has also been called Illiger's Macaw)
     Primolius (formerly Propyrrhura) maracana (formerly Propyrrhura) maracana  (monotypic)
     
     
232. Golden-collared Macaw ______ mt  (has also been called Cassin's Macaw)
     Primolius (formerly Propyrrhura) auricollis  (monotypic)
     
     
233. Hyacinth Macaw (t2) ______ mt
     Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus (monotypic)
     
     
234. Red-shouldered Macaw ______ br,mt,se
     Diopsittaca nobilis longipennis  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
235. Blue-crowned Parakeet (or Conure) ______ mt
     Aratinga a. acuticaudata
     
     
236. White-eyed Parakeet (or Conure) ______ af,br,ig,mn,mt,se
     Aratinga l. leucophtalmus
     
     
237. Brown-throated Parakeet (or Conure) ______ am
     Aratinga pertinax paraensis
     
     
238. Dusky-headed Parakeet (or Conure) ______ mt
     Aratinga weddellii (monotypic)
     
     
239. Golden-capped Parakeet (or Conure) (t3) (e) ______ mn
     Aratinga auricaplla aurifrons
     (was formerly considered conspecific with the more-northerly Sun and Jandaya Conures/Parakeets (or Conures), Aratinga solstitialis & jandaya respectively)
     
     
240. Peach-fronted Parakeet (or Conure) ______ br,mn,mt
     Aratinga aurea (monotypic)
     
     
241. Nanday Parakeet ______ mt  (has also been called Black-hooded Parakeet)
     Nandayus nenday (monotypic)
     
     
242. Reddish-bellied Parakeet (qe) ______ ig,rs,se
     Pyrrhura frontalis chiripepe
     
     
243. Crimson-bellied Parakeet ______ af
     Pyrrhura perlata  (monotypic)
     
     
244. Painted Parakeet ______ af,am,mt  
     Pyrrhura picta amazonum 
     
     
245. Green-cheeked Parakeet ______ mt
     Pyrrhura molinae sordida
     
     
246. Monk Parakeet ______ mt,rs
     Myiopsitta monachus cotorra
     
     
247. Blue-winged Parrotlet ______ af,am,br,ig,mn,mt,se  (was, at one time, considered conspecific with the more-northerly Green-rumped Parrotlet, Forpus passerinus) 
     Forpus xanthopterygius (formerly crassirostris) xanthopterygius 
     (formerly crassirostris) xanthopterygius 
     
     
248. Dusky-billed (or Sclater's) Parrotlet ______ af
     Forpus s. sclateri
     
     
249. Plain Parakeet (e) ______ es,se
     Brotogeris tirica  (monotypic)
     
     
250. Yellow-chevroned Parakeet ______ br,mn,mt  (was conspecific with what's now the White-winged Parakeet; when combined, was called the Canary-winged Parakeet)  
     Brotogeris c. chiriri
     
     
251. Golden-winged Parakeet ______ af.am
     Brotogeris chrysopterus tuipara
     
     
252. Tui Parakeet ______ am
     Brotogeris s. sanctithomae
     
     
253. Short-tailed Parrot ______ am
     Graydidascalus brachyurus  (monotypic)
     
     
254. White-bellied Parrot (or Caique) ______ af
     Pionnites l. leucogaster
     
     
255. Vulturine Parrot (e) ______ af
     Pionnites vulturina
     
     
256. Caica Parrot ______ am
     Pionopsitta caica (monotypic)
     
     
257. Pileated Parrot (nt) (qe) ______ es,se  (has also been called the Red-capped Parrot)
     Pionopsitta pileata (monotypic)
     
     
258. Blue-headed Parrot ______ af,am,mt,se
     Pionus m. menstruus (af,am,mt)
     Pionus menstruus reichenowi (se)
     
     
259. Scaly-headed Parrot ______ ig,mn,mt,rs,se
     Pionus maximiliani melanobelpharus
     
     
260. Dusky Parrot ______ am
     Pionus fuscus
     
     
261. Diademed Amazon (or Parrot)  ______ am  (has been part of the Red-lored Amazon, or Parrot, Amazona autumnalis)
     Amazona diadema 
     
     
262. Turquoise-fronted Amazon (or Parrot) ______ af,mt
     Amazona aestiva xanthopteryx
     
     
263. Yellow-crowned Amazon (or Parrot) ______ af,am
     Amazona o. ochrocephala 
     (has been regarded as conspecific with Yellow-headed and Yellow-naped Amazons (or Parrots) of Central America) 
     
     
264. Orange-winged Amazon (or Parrot) ______ am,br,mt
     Amazona  a. amazonica (monotypic)
     
     
265. Yellow-faced Amazon (or Parrot) (t3) (qe) ______ br
     Amazona xanthops (monotypic)
     
     
266. Mealy Amazon (or Parrot) ______ af,am,mn,mt
     Amazona f. farinosa
     
     
267. Vinaceous-breasted Amazon (or Parrot) (t2) (qe) ______ rs,se
     Amazona vinacea (monotypic)
     
     
268. Red-spectacled Amazon (or Parrot) (t3) (e) ______ rs
     Amazona pretrei (monotypic)
     
     
269. Red-fan (or Hawk-headed) Parrot ______ af,am
     Deroptyus accipitrinus fuscifrons
     
     
270. Smooth-billed Ani ______ af,am,br,ig,mn,mt,rs,se
     Crotophaga ani (monotypic)
     
     
271. Greater Ani ______ af,am,ig,mt
     Crotophaga major (monotypic)
     
     
272. Dark-billed Cuckoo ______ ig,mt
     Coccyzus melacoryphus (monotypic)
     
     
273. Ash-colored Cuckoo ______ mt
     Coccycua cinereus  (monotypic)
     
     
274. Squirrel Cuckoo ______ af,am,br,es,ig,mn,mt,rs,se
     Piaya cayana (6 subspecies in Brazil)
     
      
275. Black-bellied Cuckoo ______ af,mt
     Piaya melanogaster (monotypic)
     
     
276. Little Cuckoo ______ af,mt
     Coccycua m. minuta
     
     
277. Striped Cuckoo ______ af,mn,mt,rs,se
     Tapera n. naevia  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
278. Pheasant Cuckoo ______ mt
     Dromococcyx phasianellus
     
     
279. Guira Cuckoo ______ br,es,ig,mn,mt,rs,se
     Guira guira (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
     
     
280. Hoatzin ______ af
     Opisthocomus hoazin (monotypic, and the single member of its genus & family)
     
     
281. Barn Owl ______ mt,mn,se
     Tyto alba tuidara
     
     
282. Great Horned Owl ______ mt,rs
     Bubo virginianus nacurutu
     
     
283. Spectacled Owl ______ af
     Pulsatrix p. perspicillata
     
     
284. Tawny-browed Owl (qe) ______ se  (has also been called White-chinned Owl)
     Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana (monotypic)
     
     
285. Mottled Owl ______ mt
     Strix virgata borelliana
     
     
286. Rusty-barred Owl (qe) ______ mn
     Strix hylophila (monotypic)
     
     
287. Crested Owl ______ af,mt
     Lophostrix c. cristata
     
     
288. Tropical Screech-Owl ______ ig,mn,mt,se
     Megascops (formerly Otus) c. choliba (mt,se)
     Megascops (formerly Otus) choliba decussatus (mn)
     Megascops (formerly Otus) choliba uruguaiensis (ig)
     
     
289. Tawny-bellied Screech-Owl ______ af,mt
     Megascops (formerly Otus) watsonii usta  
     
     
290. Black-capped Screech-Owl ______ ig,se
     Megascops (formerly Otus) atricapilla
     (Was historically lumped with these other screech-owls: Guatemalan, Rio Napo, Montane Forest, and Long-tufted. When so, called Variable Screech-Owl.) (There are 3 color morphs: red, gray, and dark.)  
     
     
291. Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl ______ af,mn,mt,se
     Glaucidium b. brasilianum
     
     
292. Amazonian Pygmy-Owl ______ af,mt
     Glaucidium hardyi  (monotypic)
     
     
293. Burrowing Owl ______ af,am,br,ig,mn,mt,rs,se
     Athene cunicuaria grallaria
     
     
294. Short-eared Owl ______ br,mn,rs
     Asio flammeus suinda
     
     
295. Striped Owl ______  mn,mt,se
     Pseudoscops (formerly Asio) clamator midas
     
     
296. Great Potoo ______ af,mn,mt
     Nyctibius g. grandis
     
     
297. Common Potoo ______ af,mn,mt,se  (has also been called Gray Potoo)
     Nyctibius g. griseus
     
     
298. Short-tailed Nighthawk ______ af,am,es,mt,se  (has also been called Semicollared Nighthawk)
     Lurocalis semitorquatus
     (the southern subspecies L. s. natteri has been called "Chestnut-banded Nighthawk")
     
     
299. Nacunda Nighthawk ______ br,mt
     Podager n. nacunda
     
     
300. Lesser Nighthawk ______ af
     Chordeiles a. acutipennis
     
     
301. Common Nighthawk ______ mt
     Chordeiles minor  (9 subspecies winter in Brazil)
     
     
302. Least Nighthawk ______ mn,mt
     Chordeiles p. pusillus (mn)
     Chordeiles pusillus saturatus (mt)
     
     
303. Band-tailed Nighthawk ______ mt
     Nyctiprogne leucopyga majuscula
     
     
304. Pauraque ______ af,ig,mn,mt,se
     Nyctidromus albicollis derbyanus
     
     
305. Ocellated Poorwill ______  af,mt 
     Nyctidromus o. ocellatus
     
     
306. Rufous Nightjar ______ am,mt
     Caprimulgus rufus rutilus
     (Onomatopoetically called "Joao-corta-pau" in Portuguese)
     
     
307. Silky-tailed Nightjar ______ se
     Caprimulgus s. sericocaudatus
     
     
308. Band-winged Nightjar ______ mn
     Caprimulgus l. longirostris
     
     
309. Little Nightjar ______ mn,mt
     Caprimulgus p. parvulus
     
     
310. Blackish Nightjar ______ af,am,mt
     Caprimulgus nigrescens  (monotypic)
     
     
311. Ladder-tailed Nightjar ______ af
     Hydropsalis climacocerca intercedens
     
     
312. Scissor-tailed Nightjar ______ mn,mt,se
     Hydropsalis torquata (formerly brasiliana) furcifer 
     
     
313. Long-trained Nightjar (nt) (qe) ______ se
     Macropsalis creagra (monotypic)
     
     
314. Sickle-winged Nightjar (nt) ______ mn
     Eleothreptus anomalus  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
     
     
315. White-collared Swift ______ mn,mt,rs,se
     Streptoprocne z. zonaris
     
     
316. Biscutate Swift ______ br,mn,se
     Streptoprocne b. biscutata
     
     
317. Sooty Swift ______ se
     Cypseloides fumigatus  (monotypic)
     
     
318. Great Dusky Swift ______ ig,mn,mt
     Cypseloides senex  (monotypic)
     
     
319. Ashy-tailed Swift ______ br,ig,mn,mt,rs,se
     Chaetura meridionalis  (monotypic)
     
     
320. Band-rumped Swift ______ am
     Chaetura s. spinicaudus
     
     
321. Gray-rumped Swift ______ af,rs,se
     Chaetura c. cinereiventris
     
     
322. Pale-rumped Swift ______ mt
     Chaetura egregia (monotypic) 
     
     
323. Mato Grosso Swift ______ am,mt  (was considered conspecific with the Chapman's Swift of northern South America)
     Chaetura viridipennis  (monotypic)
     
     
324. Short-tailed Swift ______ af,am
     Chaetura brachyura cinereocauda
     
     
325. Neotropical Palm Swift ______ af,am,br,mt  (was called Fork-tailed Palm Swift)
     Tachornis s. squamata
     
     
326. Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift ______ se
     Panyptila c. cayennensis
     
     
327. Swallow-tailed Hummingbird ______ br,mn,mt,se
     Eupetomena m. macroura (br,mn,mt)
     Eupetomena macroura cyanoviridis (mn,se)
     
     
328. Saw-billed Hermit (nt) (e) ______ se
     Ramphodon naevius (monotypic)
     
     
329. Rufous-breasted Hermit ______ mn,mt,se  (has also been called Hairy Hermit)
     Glaucis h. hirsutus
     
     
330. White-bearded Hermit ______ mt
     Phaethornis hispidus (monotypic)
     
     
331. Great-billed Hermit  ______ af  (was part of the Eastern Long-tailed Hermit of northern Brazil)
     Phaethornis malaris
     
     
332. Scale-throated Hermit ______ ig,mn,se
     Phaethornis e. eurynome (mn,se)
     Phaethornis eurynome paraguayensis (ig)
     
     
333. Dusky-throated Hermit ______ es,mn,se
     Phaethornis squalidus (monotypic)
     
     
334. Planalto Hermit ______ mn,mt,se
     Phaethornis pretrei (monotypic)
     
     
335. Buff-bellied Hermit ______ mt
     Phaethornis subochraceus (monotypic)
     
     
336. Cinnamon-throated Hermit ______ mn,mt
     Phaethornis nattereri (monotypic)
     
     
337. Reddish Hermit ______ af,mt,se
     Phaethornis r. ruber
     
     
338. Minute Hermit (e) ______ mn
     Phaethornis idaliae (monotypic)
     
     
339. Broad-tipped Hermit ______ ne
     Anopetia gounellei
      
     
340. Gray-breasted Sabrewing ______ af,mn,mt
     Campylopterus largipennis aequatorialis  (af)
     Campylopterus largipennis diamantinensis  (mn,mt) 
     
     
341. Black Jacobin ______ mn,se
     Florisuga (formerly Melanotrochilus) fuscus
     
     
342. White-necked Jacobin ______ mt
     Florisuga m. mellivora
     
     
343. White-vented Violetear ______ br,mn,mt,se
     Colibri serrirostris  (monotypic)
     
     
344. Black-throated Mango ______ af,br,ig,mn,mt,se
     Anthracothorax nigricollis  (monotypic)
     
     
345. Crimson Topaz ______ am
     Topaza pella smaragdula
     
     
346. Ruby Topaz  ______ af,mt
     Chrysolampis mosquitus (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
     
     
347. Black-breasted Plovercrest (qe) ______ se
     Stephanoxis lalandi loddigesii  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
348. Dot-eared Coquette ______ af,mt
     Lophornis gouldii (monotypic)
     
     
349. Frilled Coquette (e) ______ es,se
     Lophornis magnifica  (monotypic)
     
     
350. Festive Coquette ______ se
     Lophornis c. chalybea
     
     
351. Black-bellied Thorntail ______ mn,mt
     Popelairia l. langsdorffi
     
     
352. Blue-tailed Emerald ______ am
     Chlorostilbon mellisugus subfurcatus
     
     
353. Glittering-bellied Emerald ______ br,ig,mn,mt,se
     Chlorostilbon aureoventris pucherani
     
     
354. Fork-tailed Woodnymph ______ af,ig,mn,mt,se
     Thalurania furcata baeri  (af,mn,mt)
     Thalurania furcata eriphile  (ig,se)
     
     
355. Violet-capped Woodnymph ______ ig,mn,rs,se
     Thalurania glaucopis (monotypic)
     
     
356. Gilded Sapphire ______ ig,mt,rs
     Hylocharis chrysura (monotypic)
     
     
357. White-tailed Goldenthroat ______ mt,se
     Polytmus guainumbi thaumantias
     
     
358. Rufous-throated Sapphire ______ af,mn,mt,se
     Hylochlaris sapphirina  (monotypic)
     
     
359. White-chinned Sapphire ______ af,mn,se
     Hylochlaris cyanus griseiventris  (mn,se)
     Hylocharis cyanus conversa  (af)
     
     
360. White-throated Hummingbird ______ mn,rs,se
     Leucochloris albicollis (monotypic)
     
     
361. Olive-spotted Hummingbird ______ am
     Leucippus chlorocercus
     
     
362. Versicolored Emerald ______ af,am,ig,mn,mt,se
     Amazilia v. versicolor  (se)
     Amazilia versicolor kubtchecki  (af,am,ig,mn,mt)
     
     
363. Glittering-throated Emerald ______ af,br,mn,mt,se
     Amazilia fimbriata tephrocephala
     
     
364. Sapphire-spangled Emerald ______ mn,se
     Amazilia l. lactea
     
     
365. Black-eared Fairy ______ af,am,mt,se
     Heliothryx aurita auriculatus
     
     
366. Sombre Hummingbird (e) ______ mn,se
     Aphantochroa cirrhochloris (monotypic)
     
     
367. Brazilian Ruby (e) ______ es,mn,se
     Clytolaema rubricauda (monotypic)
     
     
368. Hyacinth Visorbearer (nt) (e) ______ mn
     Augastes scutatus (3 subspecies in mn)
     
     
369. Horned Sungem ______ br,mn,mt
     Heliactin bilophus (formerly H. cornuta) (monotypic)
     
     
370. Stripe-breasted Starthroat (e) ______ mn,se
     Heliomaster squamosus (monotypic)
     
     
371. Long-billed Starthroat ______ af,mt
     Heliomaster l. longirostris
     
     
372. Blue-tufted Starthroat ______ mt
     Heliomaster furcifer (monotypic)
     
     
373. Amethyst Woodstar ______ af,mn,mt,se
     Calliphlox amethystina (monotypic)
     
     
374. Pavonine Quetzal ______ mt
     Pharomachrus pavonius (monotypic)
     
     
375. Amazonian White-tailed Trogon ______ af,se
     Trogon v. viridis (af,am)
     Trogon viridis melanopterus (se)
     
     
376. Black-tailed Trogon ______ af,mt
     Trogon melanurus occidentalis
     
     
377. Black-throated Trogon ______ ig,mt,mn,se
     Trogon rufus chrysochloros
     
     
378. Collared Trogon ______ af,am,mt
     Trogon c. collaris
     
     
379. Blue-crowned Trogon ______ af,mt
     Trogon c. curucui (af)
     Trogon curucui behni (mt)
     
     
380. Surucua Trogon (qe) ______ ig,rs,se
     Trogon surrucura aurantius  (northern subspecies sometimes referred to as "Brazilian Trogon")
     Trogon s. surrucura  (southern subspecies sometimes referred to "Orange-bellied Trogon") 
     
     
381. Violaceous Trogon ______ af,am
     Trogon violaceus crissalis
     
     
382. Ringed Kingfisher ______ af,am,br,ig,mn,mt,rs,se
     Megaceryle t. torquata
     
     
383. Green Kingfisher ______ af,rs,mn,mt,se
     Chloroceryle americana mathewsii
     
     
384. Amazon Kingfisher ______ af,am,br,mn,mt,rs,se
     Chloroceryle a. amazona (said by some to be monotypic)
     
     
385. Green-and-rufous Kingfisher ______ af,mt
     Chloroceryle inda (monotypic)
     
     
386. American Pygmy Kingfisher ______ af,mt
     Chloroceryle a. aenea
     
     
387. Blue-crowned Motmot ______ af,mt
     Motmotus momota pilcomajensis
     
     
388. Rufous-capped Motmot ______ ig,mn,se  (at one time considered part of the more-northerly Rufous Motmot)
     Baryphthengus ruficapillus (monotypic)
     
     
389. Broad-billed Motmot ______ af,mt
     Ellectron platyrhynchum chlorophrys
     
     
390. Brown Jacamar ______ af,mt
     Brachygalba lugubris melanosterna
     
     
391. Three-toed Jacamar (t2) (e) ______ mn,se
     Jacamaralcyon tridactyla  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
     
     
392. Blue-cheeked Jacamar ______ af
     Galbula cyanicollis (monotypic)
     
     
393. Rufous-tailed Jacamar ______ af,br,mn,mt,se
     Galbula ruficauda rufoviridis
     Galbula ruficauda heterogyna  (mt)
     
     
394. Bronzy Jacamar ______ mt
     Galbula leucogastra viridissima
     
     
395. Paradise Jacamar ______ af,am
     Galbula dea phainopepla
     
     
396. Great Jacamar ______ af
     Jacamerops aureus ridgwayi  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
397. Swallow-winged Puffbird ______ af,am,mt  (has also been called simply "Swallow-wing")
     Chelidoptera t. tenebrosa  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
398. White-necked Puffbird ______ af,am,mt
     Notharchus macrohynchos paraensis
     
     
399. Buff-bellied Puffbird (qe) ______ ig,se  (was considered conspecific with the White-necked Puffbird)
     Notharchus swainsoni
     
     
400. Pied Puffbird ______ af,am,mt
     Notharchus t. tectus
     
     
401. Striolated Puffbird ______ af,mt
     Nystalus striolatus torridus
     
     
402. White-eared Puffbird ______ br,mn,mt,se
     Nystalus c. chacuru
     
     
403. Spot-backed Puffbird ______ br,mn,mt
     Nystalus maculatus parvirostris
     
     
404. Rufous-necked Puffbird ______ af
     Malacoptila rufa brunnescens
     
     
405. Crescent-chested Puffbird (e) ______ mn,se
     Malacoptila s. striata
     
     
406. Rusty-breasted Nunlet ______ af,ig
     Nonnula rubecula simplex
     
     
407. Rufous-capped Nunlet ______ mt  (was considered conspecific with the Rusty-breasted Nunlet)
     Nonnula ruficpilla
     
     
408. Black-fronted Nunbird ______ af,am,mt
     Monasa n. nigifrons
     
     
409. White-fronted Nunbird ______ af,mt
     Monasa m. morpheus 
     
     
410. Black-girdled Barbet (e) ______ af,mt
     Capito dayi (monotypic)
     
     
411. Black-spotted Barbet ______ am
     Capito niger (monotypic)
     
     
412. Toco Toucan ______ br,ig,mn,mt
     Ramphastos toco albogularis
     
     
413. White-throated Toucan ______ af,am  (formerly Cuvier's Toucan)
     Ramphastos tucanus cuvieri
     
     
414. Channel-billed Toucan ______ am,es,mt,se  (includes "Yellow-ridged Toucan")
     Ramphastos vitellinus ariel
     
     
415. Green-billed Toucan (qe) ______ es,ig,mn,rs,se  (has been called Red-breasted Toucan)
     Ramphastos dicolorus (monotypic)
     
     
416. Green Aracari ______ am
     Pteroglossus viridis (monotypic)
     
     
417. Lettered Aracari ______ af,mt
     Pteroglossus i. inscriptus
     
     
418. Chestnut-eared Aracari ______ af,am,ig,mt
     Pteroglossus castanotis australis
     
     
419. Red-necked Aracari ______ af,mt
     Pteroglossus bitorquatus reichenowi
     
     
420. Curl-crested Aracari ______ af
     Pteroglossus beauharnaesii (monotypic)
     
     
421. Black-necked Aracari ______ af,am,mn
     Pteroglossus a. aracari
     
     
422. Spot-billed Toucanet (qe) ______ es,se
     Selenidera maculirostris (monotypic)
     
     
423. Saffron Toucanet (nt) (qe) ______ ig,se
     Baillonius bailloni (monotypic)
     
     
424. Chestnut Woodpecker ______ af,am
     Celeus elegans jumanus
     
     
425. Cream-colored Woodpecker ______ af,am,mt
     Celeus flavus subflavus
     
     
426. Blond-crested Woodpecker ______ ig,mn,se
     Celeus f. flavescens  (ig,se)
     Celeus flavescens ochraceus  (mn)
     
     
427. Pale-crested Woodpecker ______ mt
     Celeus l. lugubris
     
     
428. Ringed Woodpecker ______ af,mt
     Celeus torquatus tinnunculus
     
     
429. Campo (or Field) Flicker ______ br,ig,mn,mt,rs,se
     Colaptes c. campestris
     
     
430. Green-barred Woodpecker ______ br,mn,mt,rs,se  (includes "Golden-breasted Woodpecker") 
     Chrysoptilus (formerly Colaptes) m. melanochloros
     
     
431. Yellow-throated Woodpecker ______ af,am,mt,se
     Piculus flavigula erythropis
     
     
432. Yellow-browed Woodpecker (nt) (qe) ______ mn,rs,se
     Piculus aurilentus (monotypic)
     
     
433. Golden-green Woodpecker ______ af,mt,se
     Piculus c. chrysochloros  (af,mt)
     Piculus chrysochloros polyzonus  (se)
     
     
434. Lineated Woodpecker ______ af,am,es,ig,mt,se
     Dryocopus l. lineatus  (af,am)
     Dryocopus lineatus erythrops  (es,ig,mt,se)
     
     
435. Yellow-tufted Woodpecker ______ af,am,mt
     Melanerpes cruentatus  (monotypic)
     
     
436. Yellow-fronted Woodpecker (qe) ______ ig,mn,se
     Melanerpes flavifrons (monotypic)
     
     
437. White-fronted Woodpecker ______  mt
     Melanerpes cactorum (monotypic)
     
     
438. White Woodpecker ______ mn,mt
     Melanerpes candidus  (monotypic)
     
     
439. Checkered Woodpecker ______  mt
     Picoides mixtus cancellatus
     
     
440. White-spotted Woodpecker (qe) ______ rs,se
     Veniliornis spilogaster  (monotypic)
     
     
441. Little Woodpecker ______ af,mn,mt,se
     Veniliornis passerinus tapajozensis  (af)
     Veniliornis passerinus olivinus  (mt,se)
     Veniliornis passerinus taenionotus  (mn)
     
     
442. Yellow-eared Woodpecker (e) ______ es,mn,se
     Veniliornis maculifrons  (monotypic)
     
     
443. Red-stained Woodpecker ______ mt
     Veniliornis affinis ruficeps
     
     
444. Golden-collared Woodpecker ______ am
     Veniliornis cassini
     
     
445. Crimson-crested Woodpecker ______ af,am,ig,mt,se
     Campephilus m. melanoleucos
     
     
446. Red-necked Woodpecker ______ af,mt
     Campephilus rubricollis olallae
     
     
447. Robust Woodpecker (qe) ______ ig,se