A List of selected 

Butterflies & Moths
in South America

in Brazil,
Argentina,
Chile, 
Ecuador,
Venezuela

(as during FONT tours 
 in the months of: 
March, July, August, 
September, October, November)


A list compiled by Armas Hill



Codes relating to illustrations in various books: 

Numbers noted as (C:xx) refer to pages in "A World of Butterflies", with text by Brian Cassie, and photographs (superb) by Kjell Sandved.

Numbers noted as (DA:xx) refer to pages in "Butterflies of South America", by Bernard D'Abrera. 

Numbers noted as (DV1:xx) refer to plates in "The Butterflies of Costa Rica and their Natural History (Volume 1): Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae", by Philip J. DeVries.   

Numbers noted as (DV2:xx) refer to plates in "The Butterflies of Costa Rica and their Natural History (Volume 2): Riodinidae", by Philip J. DeVries.

Numbers noted as (F:xx) refer to pages in "The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Butterflies", by Dr. John Feltwell.  

Numbers noted as (K:xx) refer to pages in the "Kaufman Focus Guide to Butterflies of North America", by Jim Brock & Kenn Kaufman.

Numbers noted as (MB:xx) refer to pages in "Mariposas Bonaerenses" ("Butterflies of Buenos Aires"), in Argentina, by Gustavo Canals. 

Numbers noted as (MM:xx) refer to pages in "Mariposas de Misiones" ("Butterflies of Misiones"), in Argentina, by Gustavo Canals. (This book includes butterflies at Iguazu Falls in Argentina & Brazil, one of the prime locations for observing them in South America.)    

Numbers noted as (PE:xx) refer to plates in "Eastern Butterflies, the Peterson Field Guides", the 1998 edition, by Paul Opler & Vichai Malikul. 

Numbers noted as (S:xx) refer to pages in the "Smithsonian Handbook, Butterflies & Moths", by David Carter.

Additional Codes:

AR: in Argentina
ba: in the province of Buenos Aires 
ne: in the northeast, particularly in the province of Misiones, with Iguasu Falls   

BR: in Brazil
am: in the Amazon basin 
se: in the southeast, including the Atlantic Forest and Iguazu Falls
 
CH: in Chile

EC: in Ecuador

VE: in Venezuela

Not included in the following list are butterflies ranging into South America south only into Colombia. A number of those are in our list for Central America.

 

Throughout the world, there are over 180,000 described species of butterflies and moths (in the order Lepidoptera). 
In this list of selected South American butterflies, over 700 species (with some additional subspecies) are included.   

During upcoming months, more data will be put into this file, particularly regarding range & habitat, so as to make this piece rather informative. Photographs will also be added.     

SOME COMMENTARY REGARDING BUTTERFLIES IN AMAZONIAN SOUTH AMERICA
written by Henry Walter Bates in 1863 in "The Naturalist on the River Amazons": 

"The neighborhood of Para (in Brazil) is rich in butterflies. It will convey some idea of the diversity when I mention that about 700 species of that tribe can be found within an hour's walk of the town (note: maybe an exaggeration.), whilst the total number found in the British Isles does not exceed 66, and the whole of Europe supports only 321.

Some of the most showy species, such as the swallow-tailed kinds, Papilio, Polycaon, Thoas, Torquatus, and others, are seen flying about the streets and gardens; sometimes they come through the open windows, attracted by flowers in the apartments.
Those species of Papilio which are most characteristic of the country, so conspicuous in their velvety-black, green, and rose-coloured hues, which Linnaeus, in pursuance of his elegant system of nomenclature - naming the different kinds after heroes of Greek mythology - called Trojans, never leave the shades of the forest.

The splendid blue Morphos, some of which measure seven inches in expanse, are generally confined to the shady alleys of the forest. They sometimes come forth into the broad sunlight.  When we first went to look at our new residence in Nazareth, a Morpho Menelans, one of the most beautiful kinds, was seen flapping its huge wings like a bird on the verandah.
That species, however, although much admired, looks dull in colour by the side of its congener, the Morpho Rhetenor, whose wings on the upper face, are of quite a dazzling lustre. Rhetenor usually prefers the broad sunny roads in the forest, and is an almost unattainable prize, on account of its lofty flight; for it very rarely descends nearer the ground than about 20 feet. When it comes sailing along, it occasionally flaps its wings, and then the blue surface flashes in the sunlight, so that it is visible a quarter of a mile off.
There is another species of this genus, of a satiny-white hue, the Morpho Uraneis; this is equally difficult to obtain; the male only has the satiny lustre, the female being of a pale-lavender colour.

It is in the height of the dry season that the greatest number and variety of butterflies are found in the woods; especially when a shower falls at intervals of a few days. an infinite numer of curious and rare species may then be taken, most diversified in habits, mode of flight, colours, and markings: some yellow, others bright red, green, purple, and blue, and many bordered or spangled with metallic lines and spots of a silvery or golden lustre. 
Some have wings as transparent as glass; one of these clear-wings is especially beautiful, namely, the Hetaera Esmeralda; it has one spot only of opaque coloring on its wings, which is of a violet and rose hue; this is the only part visible when the insect is flying low over dead leaves, in the gloomy shades where alone it is found, and it then looks like a wandering petal of a flower."     
  

Links:

Itineraries for upcoming FONT Tours in:

Brazil          Argentina & Chile


Birds during previous tours in:

Brazil: Part 1 (rhea thru streamcreeper)  Part 2 (antshrikes thru siskin)   

Argentina:  Part 1 (penguins thru woodpeckers) 
                      Part 2 (manakins thru grosbeaks)

Chile

Mammals & Other Wildlife in South America

A Photo Gallery of Some 
Neotropical Butterflies & Moths

Photo #1

Photo #2

Photo #3
Photograph by Howard Eskin.

Photo #4
This & the following photograph by Doug Johnson. 

Photo #5

List of selected South American Butterflies:

1. Battus polydamas polydamas ______ ARne  (DA:19) (DV1:1) (F:38) (K:37) (MM:140) (PE:5) (S:55)
   Polydamas Swallowtail (also called The Gold Rim, or Black Page) (Note Polydamas was a Trojan prince.)
   (throughout the Americas & the Antilles) (subspecies polydamus: mainland Americas)
   (In the tropics, continuously brooded. Butterflies live about a week.)
   
   
2. Battus polystictus polystictus ______ ARne  (MM:141)
   Polysticto
   
   
3. Battus belus varus ______ (DA:20) (DV1:1)
   Battus belus belus ______ (DA:21)
   (Mexico to Bolivia) (subspecies varus: Central America; subspecies belus: eastern Peru to Guianas) 
   
   
4. Battus lycidas ______ (DV1:1)
   (Mexico to Bolivia)
   
   
5. Battus crassus ______ (DV1:1)
   (Costa Rica to Brazil & Argentina) 
   
   
6. Battus madyes ______ (DA:19)
   (Ecuador to Bolivia & northern Argentina)
   
   
   Genus PARIDES: CATTLEHEARTS
   
   
7. Parides eurimedes  ______ (F:68) (PE:text)
   Cattleheart
   (southern Mexico to northern South America)
   (In open forested areas. Breeds on Aristolochia species.)
   
   
8. Parides sesostris  ______ (DV1:2) (F:70)
   Parides sesostris sesostris ______ (DA:27)
   Southern Cattle Heart
   (Mexico to Bolivia, possibly north-central Argentina, in Misiones) (subspecies sesostris: Amazonas) 
   
   
9. Parides childrenae childrenae  ______  (DA:28) (DV1:2)
   Swallowtail Cattleheart 
   (Mexico to Ecuador) (in southern races, the white spot on the upper forewing is reduced or absent)   
   
   
10. Parides lycimenes  ______ (DV1:2)
    (Mexico to Ecuador) 
    
    
11. Parides erithalion ______ (DV1:2)
    (Costa Rica to Venezuela) 
    
    
12. Parides iphidamas iphidamas ______ (DV1:2)
    (Mexico to Ecuador & Peru) 
    
    
13. Parides agavus ______ ARne  (DA:23) (MM:142)
    Agavo
    (central Brazil to northeast Argentina & Paraguay)
    
    
14. Parides bunichus perrhebus ______ ARne  (MM:143)
    Northern Widow    
    
    
15. Parides anchises nephalion ______ ARne  (MM:144)
    Prudent (name relates to nephalios, Greek for prudent) 
    
    
16. Parides neophilus eurybates ______ ARne  (MM:145)
    Red Scale
    
    
17. Parides arcas  ______ (DV1:2)
    (Mexico to Venezuela) 
    
    
18. Parides hahneli ______ (DA:23)
    (eastern Amazonas to the foot of the Andes)
    
    
19. Parides quadratus ______ (DA:24)
    (Amazonas, in Brazil, Peru, Ecuador)
    
    
20. Parides aeneas damas ______ (DA:25)
    Parides aeneas bolivar ______
    (eastern Peru & sw Colombia to the Guianas) (subspecies damas: Colombia & Peru; subspecies bolivar: the upper Amazon & upper Orinoco) (There are 6 described subspecies.) 
    
    
21. Parides orellana ______  (DA:26)
    (Amazonas, Brazil & Peru)
    
    
22. Parides erlaces erlaces ______ (DA:29)
    Parides erlaces lacydes ______
    Parides erlaces xanthias ______
    (Ecuador & Peru to northern Argentina) (subspecies erlaces: southern Peru to northern Argentina; subspecies lacydes: estern Ecuador; subspecies xanthias: northeast Peru)  
    
    
23. Parides echemon echemon ______  (DA:30)
    (Brazil, in the lower Amazon, to the Guianas)
    
    
24. Parides arcas antheas ______  (DA:31)
    (Mexico to Ecuador, Venezuela & the Guianas) (subspecies antheas: Colombia)
    
    
    Genus EURYADES: 2 species, both confined to middle latitudes of South America. Apparently "primitive" butterflies, closely related to the Australian CRESSIDA.
    
    
25. Euryades duponcheli ______ (DA:32) 
    (southern Brazil to northern Argentina, Paraguay, & Uruguay)
    
    
    Genus EURYTIDES (or now PROTESILAUS):  the KITE SWALLOWTAILS: About 50 species confined to the New World. Some mimic PARIDES and HELICONIUS butterflies. Others have long tails, hence the name "Kite Swallowtails". Fast-fliers. Engage in mud-puddling. 
    
    
26. Eurytides ilus ______ (DV1:2)
    (Panama to Venezuela)
    
    
27. Eurytides euryleon  ______ (DV1:2)
    (Mexico to Ecuador) 
    
    
28. Eurytides phaon ______ (DV1:2)
    Eurytides phaon phaon ______ (DA:39)
    (Mexico to Ecuador & Brazil)
    (A miniature copy of the larger species Papilio birchall of Costa Rica to Colombia.) 
    
    
29. Eurytides pausanias ______ (DV1:3) (F:41)
    Eurytides pausanias pausanias ______ (DA:39)
    (Costa Rica to southern Brazil & Bolivia, in western Ecuador & the Guianas) 
    (Mimicry of heliconid butterflies (Heliconius clytia & Heliconius wallacei) has been perfected by this swallowtail, which shares the same habitats - rainforest glades and other open areas. Not common.). 
    
    
30. Eurytides agesilaus eimeri ______ (DV1:3)
    (Mexico to South America) 
    
    
31. Eurytides (or Protesilaus) protesilaus ______  (DV1:3)
    Eurytides (or Protesilaus) protesilaus nigricornis ______ ARne  (MM:149)
    Kite Swallowtail  (also called Swordsman)
    (Mexico to Paraguay & northern Argentina) (subspecies nigricornis: northeast Argentina)  
    
    
32. Eurytides marchandi panamensis ______  (DA:43) (DV1:3) (F:41)
    (Mexico to Ecuador) 
    (Inhabits rainforest up to about 3,500 feet above sea level. The sexes are similar. Southern populations are a paler yellow.)  
    
    
33. Eurytides lacandones ______ (DV1:3)
    (Mexico to Bolivia) 
    
    
34. Eurytides bellerophon ______ (DA:38)
    (southern Brazil to northwest Argentina)
    
    
35. Eurytides ariarathes gayi ______ (DA:40)
    (Colombia to the Guianas, Brazil, Peru)
    
    
36. Eurytides lysithous platydesma ______  (DA:41)
    Eurytides lysithous harrisianus ______  (DA:41)
    (Brazil & eastern Paraguay) (E. l. platydesma appears to be threatened.)
    
    
37. Eurytides molops ______  (DA:42)
    (Colombia to the Guianas, Brazil, & Bolivia)
     
    
    Genus: PAPILIO (or now HERACLIDES): the FLUTED SWALLOWTAILS: one of the most widespread of genera, with over 200 species. Most are tropical. Most have tails. Many are migratory. 
    
    
38. Papilio (now Heraclides) thoas nealces ______ (C:295) (DV1:4) (K:38 text) (PE:6)
    Papilio (now Heraclides) thoas cinyras ______  (DA:34)
    Papilio (now Heraclides) thoas brasiliensis ______  ARne  (MM:151)
    Thoas Swallowtail (very similar to the Giant Swallowtail (K:39) (PE6))
    (southern US thru Central & South America, also: Cuba, Jamaica, Trinidad) (subspecies nealces: Nicaragua to Brazil & Ecuador; subspecies brasiliensis: northeast Argentina)
    
    
39. Papilio astyalus ______ (C:299) (DV1:4) (F:54) (K:43) (PE:6)
    Broad-banded Swallowtail (also called Astyalus, or Lycophron Swallowtail)
    (southern US to Argentina)  
    (Found in areas forested with tropical hardwoods. Like many Papilio, the caterpillars breed on citrus.)
    
    
40. Papilio (now Heraclides) androgeus ______  (DV1:4) (F:52) (K:41) (PE:6)
    Papilio (now Heraclides) androgeus androgeus ______  (DA:33)
    Androgeus Swallowtail (or Queen Page)
    (Mexico to Argentina, also West Indies) 
    (The female tends to be reclusive, not often seen. The male is much of the time in the forest canopy, occasionally coming down to mud-puddle.)
    
    
41. Papilio polyxenes  ______ (C:203) (DV1:4) (K:29) (PE:5) (F:65)
    Black Swallowtail
    (Canada thru Central & South America)  
    (Can defoliate vegatables such as carrot, celery and parsnip, hence a name of "Parsnip Swallowtail".)
    
    
42. Papilio (or Heraclides) torquatus ______ (DV1:4)
    Papilio (or Heraclides) torquatus torquatus ______ (DA:35)
    Papilio (or Heraclides) torquatus theras ______ (DA:35) 
    Papilio (or Heraclides) torquatus polybius ______  ARne  (MM:155)
    Polibio
    (Mexico to Bolivia, Paraguay, & northeast Argentina) (subspecies polybius: northeast Argentina) 
    (The female is polymorphic, with the white spot on the forewing & the shape and color of the pink patch on the hindwing variable.)
    
    
43. Papilio cleotas ______ (DV1:5)
    Papilio cleotas cleotas ______ (DA:37)
    (Costa Rica to Brazil, Paraguay, & ne Argentina) 
    
    
44. Papilio rhodostictus ______ (DV1:6)
    (Costa Rica to Ecuador) 
    
    
45. Papilio anchisiades ______ (DV1:6) (F:52) (K:43) (PE:5) (S:48)
    Ruby- (or Red-) spotted Swallowtail (also called Anchisiades Swallowtail)
    (Texas to Argentina)  (Often found at citrus trees.)
    
    
46. Papilio ascolius ______ (DA:36)
    (Costa Rica to the Guianas, Colombia, & western Ecuador)  (There are 3 other species similar in shape and coloring from Venezuela to Amazonas.) 
    
    
    Family PIERIDAE: most are predominantly white, yellow, or orange in color, and are often referred to as WHITES, YELLOWS, SULPHURS, or MARBLES
    (Worldwide, approximately 1,000 species of whites & sulphurs have been described.)  
    
    
    Genus PSEUDOPIERIS: 2 species which can favor mountainous habitats, especially in Peru and Ecuador on the western slopes of the Andes.   
    
    
47. Pseudopieris nehemia ______  (DV1:6)
    Pseudopieris nehemia acquatorialis ______  (DA:53)
    Pseudopieris nehemia nehemia ______  ARne  (MM:163)
    Nehemia
    (Mexico to southern Brazil) (subspecies acquatorialis: Ecuador & possibly Peru; subspecies nehemia: northeast Argentina)
    
    
48. Pseudopieris viridula ______
    (Has a yellowish green underside. The male has a distinct brown patch on the forewing underside.) 
    
    
    Subfamily DISMORPHIINAE: MIMIC WHITES
    (a long-winged, tropical group)
    
    Genus DISMORPHIA: With about 40 species that are remarkable mimics of various distasteful butterflies. The patterning is variable. Sexual dimorphism is marked in the species in this genus. 
    
    
49. Dismorphia lua idae ______ (DV1:6)
    (Costa Rica to Bolivia) 
    
    
50. Dismorphia amphione ______  (DA:51) (DV1:6) (S:74)
    Tiger Pierid
    (Mexico thru South America to Bolivia, Peru, the Guianas, & Trinidad; also in the West Indies in Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico) 
    
    
51. Dismorphia crisia ______ (DV1:6)
    (southern Mexico to Brazil) 
    
    
52. Dismorphia zaela ______ (DV1:7)
    (Costa Rica to Ecuador) 
    
    
53. Dismorphia theucharila ______ (C:363) (DV1:7)
    Pierid Mimic (this species looks like an ithomiine clearwing - D1:35)
    (Mexico to Brazil) 
    
    
54. Dismorphia thermesia thermesia ______ ARne  (MM:161)
    Pearled Pretty
    
    
55. Dismorphia astyocha ______ ARne  (MM:162)
    Pretty 
    AR name: Bonita
    (the coloring and stylized outline is uncommon in this family)
    
    
56. Dismorphia zathoe ______ (DV1:7)
    (Costa Rica to Ecuador) 
    
    
57. Dismorphia orise orise  ______  (DA:47)
    (Costa Rica to the Guianas, Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador, & Peru) (subspecies orise: Amazonas, Guianas, Bolivia) 
    
    
58. Dismorphia rhetes ______  (DA:48)
    (Colombia, and possibly Ecuador & Bolivia)
    (Strongly resembles certain ITHOMIIDS in both sexes.)
    
    
59. Dismorphia pinthaeus ela ______ (DA:48)
    Dismorphia pinthaeus ______ (DA:48) (an undescribed race from Colombia)
    (Colombia to the Guianas, Ecuador, Peru, & Amazonas) (subspecies ela: Ecuador)
    (Often confused with the Ithomiid AERIA species.)
    
    
60. Dismorphia nemesis ______  (DA:50)
    (Mexico to Venezuela, Ecuador, & Peru)
    (Sexual dimorphism is very pronounced.)
    
    
61. Dismorphia melia ______  (DA:52)
    (southern Brazil)
    (This is a mimic of the two ACRAEID species Actinote thalia & Actinote parapheles, to which it bears a very strong resemblance.)   
    
    
    Genus LIEINIX
    
    
62. Lieinix nemesis ______ (DV1:7)
    (Mexico to Venezuela & Peru)
    
    
    Genus PATIA
    
    
63. Patia orise ______ (DV1:7)
    (Costa Rica to Bolivia)  
    
    
    Genus ENANTIA: 4 species closely related to DISMORPHIA, but not as strongly sexually dimorphic. Sun-and-flower loving species, often encountered in numbers on flowers, usually at the end of the rainy season.       
    
    
64. Enantia licinia ______ (DV1:7)
    (Mexico to Brazil) 
    
    
65. Enantia melite ______ (DV1:7)
    Enantia melite cornelia ______  (DA:53)
    (Mexico to Uruguay) 
    (A most variable butterfly)
    
    
66. Enantia clarissa ______ ARne  (MM:160)
    Clarisa
    
    
67. Enantia limnorina ______  (DA:52)
    (southern Brazil)
    
    
    Genus HESPEROCHARIS
    
    
68. Hesperocharis hirlanda fulvinota ______  (DA:55)
    (Colombia to the Guianas, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brasil) (subspecies fulvinota: southern Brazil)
    
    
    Genus ARCHONIAS: 3 species. A most interesting genus of PIERIDS. Considered to be involved in mimetic associations with PAPILIONID and HELICONID butterflies and with one species of ARCTIID day-flying moth.
    Comparatively slow-flying, with a fondness for settling on leaves in the sunshine or visiting flowering shrubs, where they spend substantial time & effort on one or two blooms.
    
    
69. Archonias tereas ______ (DV1:7) (F:82)
    (Mexico to Brazil) 
    (This species looks like a mimic of a female Parides swallowtail. It lives in open parts of rainforests.) 
    
    
70. Archonias tereas archidona ______  (DA:63)
    (Mexico to southern Brazil)  (subspecies archidona: Ecuador - this race thought to resemble a day-flying ARCTIID moth)
    
    
71. Archonias bellona hyrnetho ______ (DA:63)
    (Colombia to the Guianas, also to Bolivia & northern Argentina) (subspecies hyrnetho: Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia - shows a resemblance to HELICONID species) 
    
    
    Genus CHARONIAS: 2 species which can easily be mistaken for ITHOMIIDS or HELICONIIDS
    
    
72. Charonias eurytele eurytele ______  (DA:66)
    (Guatemala & Belize to Ecuador) 
    (Probably occur only on the western side of the central cordillera in Colombia & Ecuador. The South American populations have white spots on the forewings.)  
    
    
    Genus EROESSA:  1 species, confined to high altitudes in Chile only. Considered rare & local.
    
    
73. Eroessa chilensis ______  (DA:54)
    
    
    Genus MATHANIA: 7 species occurring only in temperate zones or mountainous regions in western South America The leaf-lie appearance of the hindwing underside of the species in this genus affords some camouflage protection.  
    
    
74. Mathania agasicles ______  (DA:55)  
    (Peru, Bolivia; high altitudes)
    
    
    Genus CATASTICTA
    
    
75. Catasticta prioneris ______ (DV1:11)
    (Costa Rica to Peru) 
    
    
76. Catasticta sisamnus sisamnus ______ (DV1:11)
    (Honduras to Bolivia) (subspecies: Honduras to Venezuela)
    
    
77. Catasticta uricoecheae uricoecheae ______  (DA:61)
    (Colombia)
    
    
78. Catasticta niobe ______  (DA:62)
    (Bolivia)
    
    
79. Catasticta poujadei ______  (DA:62)
    (Ecuador; possibly Peru)
    
    
    Genus LEODONTA: The number of species in this genus is a matter of conjecture. Some say no more than 2 or 2, others say as many as 10. However, they are an easily recognizable group in the Neotropics, due to their underside pattern together with their fondness for flying along pathways or by narrow stream banks. 
    
    
80. Leodonta dysoni ______ (DV1:11)
    (Costa Rica to Peru)
    
    
81. Leodonta zenobina ______  (DA:66)
    (Costa Rica to Peru & Bolivia)
    
    
    Genus PEREUTE: 8 species of the most subtly beautiful PIERIDS from any region of the world, with the outstanding colors being the soft rose-pinks, blue-grays, and cadmium yellow streaks and patches. They can be remindful of the Indo-Australian DELIAS group (the JEZEBELS) in their appearance and behavior.  
    
    
82. Pereute charops ______  (DA:64) (DV1:11)
    (Mexico to Peru) (Not known to be east of the Andes)
    (One of the more attractive features of both sexes is the almost completely white antennae.) (Southern races differ in that the males tend to be almost completely black.) 
    
    
83. Pereute leucodrosime beryllina ______  (DA:64)
    (Venezuela to Peru) (Not known to be east of the Andes)
    
    
84. Pereute callinira ______ (DA:text)
    (Colombia to Bolivia)
    (Similar to the preceding species, but distinguished by the small but clear black spot on the forewing in both sexes.) 
    
    
85. Pereute telthusa  ______  (DA:65)
    (Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, & Brazil (lower Amazon)) 
    (The sexes are similar but the female is slightly larger, with rounded wings.)
    
    
86. Pereute swainsoni  ______  ARne (MM:164)
    Lying
      
    
    Genus GLUTOPHRISSA: 2 species now said, for structural reasons, to be distinct from the Oriental APPIAS (the GULLS) . 
    
    
87. Glutophrissa (formerly Appias) drusilla ______ (DV1:12) (K:53) (PE:7)
    Glutophrissa (formerly Appias) drusilla drusilla ______  ARne  (DA:67) (MM:167)
    Tropical White (other names are: Florida White or Big Milky)
    (southern US, Central & South America, also West Indies) (subspecies drusilla: northeast Argentina)
    
    
    Genus LEPTOPHOBIA: 15-16 species whose general characteristic is the silvery-white color of the hindwing underside. Found from moderate to high elevations (to 9,000 ft. or 3,000 meters).
    
    
88. Leptophobia aripa ______ (DV1:12)
    Leptophobia aripa balidia ______  ARne  (MM:165)
    Little White
    AR name: Blanquita
    (Mexico to Brazil & northern Argentina) (subspecies balidia: northeast Argentina)
    
    
89. Leptophobia caesia ______ (DV1:12)
    (Mexico to Ecuador) 
    
    
90. Leptophobia eleone luca ______  (DA:69)
    (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, & Bolivia)
    (An early writer wrote: "They fly over fields and in thickets and are fond of being driven by the wind.")
    
    
91. Leptophobia subargentea pastaza ______  (DA:69)
    (Ecuador, Peru, & Bolivia)
    
    
92. Leptophobia penthica ______  (DA:text)
    (Colombia & Ecuador)
    
    
    Genus ITABALLIA
    
    
93. Itaballia demophile ______ (DV1:12)
    (Mexico to Paraguay) 
    
    
94. Itaballia pandosia ______ (DV1:12)
    (Honduras to Venezuela) 
    
    
    Genus PIERIBALLIA
    
    
95. Pieriballia mandela ______ (DV1:12)
    (Costa Rica to Peru) 
    
    
    Genus TATOCHILA: About 15 species endemic to the southern part of South America, from approximately southern Brazil to Tierra del Fuego; and at moderate to high altitudes from Venezuela to Peru.
    
    
96. Tatochila sterodice macrodice ______  (DA:70) 
    (Colombia to Tierra del Fuego)  
    
    
    Genus HYPSOCHILA: 6 species are in this genus similar to TATOCHILA, differentiated by their smaller size and generally more grayish ground color in both sexes. From Peru to Tierra del Fuego.
    
    
    Genus PHULIA: A group of from 3 to 12 species. Their most outstanding characteristic is that they occur at South American high elevations, up to 16,000 ft. (5,000 meters) above sea level. So, observing these little butterflies in the wild would be beyond the capacity of most.
    
    
97. Phula nymphula nympha ______ (DA:70)
    (central Chile, Argentina, Bolivia - at very high altitudes)
    
    
    Genus PIERCOLIAS: a single species, with the distinction of being the highest-flying butterfly in South America (and certainly one of the highest, if not the highest, in the world), where very strong winds prevail and the butterfly can only fly briefly and subside.
    
    
98. Piercolias huanaco ______ (DA:71)
    (Bolivia)
    (When the naturalist Garlepp encountered this butterfly, he wrote: "It flies on the highest summits of the Cordilleras, amidst the wildest boulders and masses of rock. I cannot understand its choosing such wastes and deserts or how it can exist there at all, where it must be daily covered with snow and ice, where there is absolutely no vegetation, and where only the Condor makes his abode.")
         
     
    Genus PERRHYBRIS: 4 species with very strong coloring and markings, and in a couple instances, imitation-heliconid livery.
    
    
99. Perrhybris pyrrha ______ (DV1:12)
    (Costa Rica to Brazil)
    
    
100. Perrhybris lypera ______  (DA:73) (DV1:12)
     (Costa Rica to Colombia & Ecuador)
     (The male is polymorphic. The extreme forms have been erroneously described as separate species. In between, there are intergrades.) 
     
     
     Genus DAPTONEURA: about 10 species of brightly-colored and strong-flying PIERIDS, given to extraordinary seasonal and local variation, thus making it difficult to determine precisely what are good species or races or even aberrations.
     
     
101. Daptoneura lycimnia lycimnia ______  (DA:74)
     Daptoneura lycimnia pantoporia ______ (DA:75)
     (Colombia, Venezuela, & the Guianas to Paraguay; also Trinidad) (subspecies lycimnia: Venezuela; subspecies pantoporia: southern Brazil & Paraguay)
      
     
     Genus ASCIA: 8 species of large plain white butterflies with some brown or gray markings especially in the females.
     
     
102. Ascia josephina josepha ______ (DV1:12)
     (Central & South America, also the Antilles) 
     
     
103. Ascia monuste ______ (DV1:12) (K:53) (PE:8)
     Ascia monuste orseis ______  ARne  (MM:168)
     Great Southern White 
     (southern US, Central & South America, also the Antilles) (subspecies orseis: northeast Argentina)
     (The migrating females are almost totally gray in color, while non-migratory females are largely yellowish-white with dark brown margins.
     
     
104. Ascia buniae phaloe ______  (DA:68)
     Ascia buniae sublineata ______ 
     (Brazil to the Guianas, also Peru & Paraguay) (subspecies phaloe: the most-encountered; subspecies sublineata: in Peru, with a yellow ground color; southern Brazilian forms have strong markings.)  
      
     
     Subfamily COLIADINAE: SULPHURS
     (300 species worldwide)
     
     
     Genus COLIAS: SULPHURS:  This genus in South America tends to occupy temperate and/or high altitude habitats. Essentially, this genus, of 10 species, is Holarctic (North American/Eurasian).  
     
     
105. Colias (or Zerene) cesonia ______ (C:249) (DV1:8) (F:109) (K:69) (PE:10)
     (Southern) Dogface 
     (Mexico to Argentina) 
     (Common, particularly so where there is cattle ranching. The leguminous plants on which it breeds are used for cattle.) 
     
     
106. Colias lesbia lesbia ______ ARne  (MM:170)
     Colias lesbia andina  ______  (DA:56)
     Lucen's Butterfly
     AR name: Isoca de la Alfalfa 
     (Bolivia to Tierra del Fuego)
     
     
     Genus ANTEOS: ANGLED SULPHURS
     (usually found flying high over the canopy or along rivers) 
     
     
107. Anteos clorinde ______ ARne  (DV1:8) (F:78) (K:77) (MM:171) (PE:10) (S:71)
     White-angled Sulphur (or the Clorinde) (also called Ghost Brimstone) 
     AR name: Anteo
     (Mexico to Paraguay & northeast Argentina)
     
     
108. Anteos maerula ______ (DV1:8) (F:78) (K:77) (PE:10)
     Yellow-angled Sulphur (also called Yellow Brimstone)
     (southern US to Peru)
     
     
     Genus PHOEBIS: GIANT SULPHURS:  (the most conspicuous tropical sulphurs,  common, and found in open areas & forest edges, adult males cluster on moist sand along rivers & streams) 
     
     
109. Phoebis rurina ______ (DV1:8) (F:105)
     Phoebis rurina rurina ______  (DA:56,57)
     (Mexico to Peru)
     (A strong migrant, it is in both lowlands &highlands.) 
     
     
110. Phoebis trite ______ (DV1:8)
     (Mexico to Argentina, also the Antilles)
     
     
111. Phoebis philea philea ______ ARne  (DA:58) (DV1:8) (F:105) (K:75) (MM:173) (PE:10) (S:70)
     Orange-barred Sulphur (other names are: Yellow Apricot and Morning)
     AR name: Mananita 
     (southern United States to southern Brazil & ne Argentina) (In addition to visiting flowers, males visit wet sand and mud, probably to obtain sodium. This general habit of many Pierids has been known since Henry Walter Bates was on the Amazon.) 
     
     
112. Phoebis sennae ______  (C:247) (DV1:9) (F:105) (K:75) (PE:10)
     Phoebis sennae sennae ______  (DA:57)
     Phoebis sennae marcellina ______ ARne  (MM:172)
     Cloudless Sulphur
     AR name: Febo
     (southern US to Argentina, also in Antilles) (subspecies marcellina: northeast Argentina)
     (Can be abundant in both lowlands & highlands. It prospers in open land.)
     
     
113. Phoebis neocypris neocypris ______ ARne  (MM:175)
     Ciprina (one of the names of the goddess Venus)  
     
     
114. Phoebis argante argante ______ ARne  (DV1:9) (F:104) (MM:174)
     Argante Giant Sulphur (or Argante)
     AR name: Yema
     (Mexico to Argentina) (another subspecies in the Antilles)
     
     
115. Phoebis agarithe ______ (DV1:9) (F:104) (K:75) (PE:10)
     Large Orange Sulphur
     (southern US to Brazil)
     
     
     Genus KRICOGONIA
     
     
116. Kricogonia lyside ______ (DV1:8) (K:77) (PE:8)
     Lyside Sulphur (or Lyside)
     (or Lyside)
     (southern US to Venezuela, also the Antilles)
     
     
     Genus APHRISSA
     
     
117. Aphrissa statira statira ______  ARne  (DV1:9) (F:80) (MM:177) (PE:10)
     Statira (Sulphur)  (other names are: Yellow Migrant, or Migrant Sulphur)
     AR name: Manifestante  (referring to their habit of meeting in assemblies, as do demonstrators)
     (Mexico to Brazil) (several subspecies in the Antilles)
     
     
118. Aphrissa boisduvalii ______ (DV1:9)
     (Guatemala to Brazil & Bolivia)
     
     
     Genus EUREMA: SMALL YELLOWS 
     
     
119. Eurema proterpia ______  (DA:61) (DV1:10) (F:97) (K:69) (PE:11)
     Tailed Orange (or Little Jaune)
     (southern US, thru Central & South America, also the Antilles) 
     (There are seasonally different forms of both sexes.) 
     
     
120. Eurema mexicana ______ (DV1:10) (F:97) (K:73) (PE:11)
     Mexican Yellow
     (southern US, thru Central & South America) 
     
     
121. Eurema salome ______ (DV1:10) (K:69) (PE:text)
     Salome Yellow
     (southern US to Colombia & Venezuela)
     
     
122. Eurema xanthochlora ______ (DV1:10)
     (Costa Rica to Bolivia)
     
     
123. Eurema gratiosa ______ (DV1:10)
     (Costa Rica to Venezuela)        
     
     
124. Eurema albula sinoe ______ ARne (DV1:10) (MM:179)
     Alb
     AR name: Alba
     (Mexico to Brazil & ne Argentina, also West Indies) (subspecies sinoe: northeast Argentina) 
     
     
125. Eurema deva deva ______ ARne  (MM:180)
     Small Lemon
     AR name: Limoncito
     (subspecies deva: northeast  Argentina)
     
     
126. Eurema nise ______ (DV1:10) (K:71) (PE:11)
     Mimosa Yellow (also called Jamaican Sulphur)
     (southern US to Argentina, also West Indies)
     
     
127. Eurema daira daira ______  (DA:60) (DV1:10) (F:96) (K:71) (PE:11)
     Barred Yellow (or Barred Sulphur)
     (southern US to Uruguay, also West Indies) (subspecies daira: mainland) 
     (This species is subject to seasonal dimorphism in both sexes.)
     
     
128. Eurema elathea flavescens ______ ARne  (DV1:10) (MM:178)
     Small Decorated Lemon
     AR name: Limoncito Adornado
     (Nicaragua to Brazil & northeast Argentina, also West Indies) (subspecies flavescens: northeast Argentina)
     
     
129. Eurema leuce leuce ______  (DA:59)
     (Panama to Argentina; also the West Indies)
     
     
130. Eurema phiale phiale ______  (DA:60)
     (east to southeast Brazil; Colombia, Bolivia)
     (This species subject to seasonal dimorphism.)
     
     
     Family LYCAENIDAE (GOSSAMER WINGS), including: COPPERS, HAIRSTREAKS, BLUES
      
     (throughout the world but mostly in tropical and subtropical regions. The sexes often differ in coloration, and the undersides usually differ from the upper surfaces.
     Among several distinct groups are the HAIRSTREAKS, with tails and bright eyespot markings on the hindwings, creating a "false head" at the rear, to divert attackers.) 
     (Thus far, worldwide, about 5,000 species in this family have been discovered and named. Caterpillars of many of these species are closely associated with ants.)
     
     
     Genus ALLOMAITIA
     
     
131. Allomaitia strophius (formerly A. pion) ______ (PE:text)
     Strophius Hairstreak
     (Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
     Genus ATLIDES: Found mainly in South America
     
     
     Genus REKOA: A small genus of blue butterflies in Central & South America. 
     
     
132. Rekoa marius ______ (PE:text)
     Marius Hairstreak
     (Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
133. Rekoa palegon ______ ARne   (MM:191) (PE:text)
     Gold-bordered Hairstreak (other names have been:  Palegon Hairstreak or Curved Band Blue)
     AR name: Azul Banda Curva 
     (Mexico to Argentina)
     
     
134. Rekoa malina ______ ARne  (MM:192)
     Straight Band Blue
     AR name: Azul Banda Recta
     
     
135. Rekoa stagira ______ ARne  (MM:193)
     Aristotle (re the name: Stagira is the city where Aristotle was born.)
     AR name: Aristolteles
     
     
     Genus CHLOROSTRYMON
     
     
136. Chlorostrymon telea ______ (PE:text)
     Telea Hairstreak
     (Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
137. Chlorostrymon simaethis  ______  (K:117) (MM:202) (PE:13)
     Chlorostrymon simaethis sarita ______ ARne
     Silver-banded Hairstreak (or Simaethis Hairstreak)
     (southern US to Argentina, also West Indies) (subspecies sarita: northeast Argentina)
     
     
     Genus OCARIA
     
     
138. Ocaria ocrisia ______ ARne  (MM:199)  (PE:text)
     Black Hairstreak (or Ocrisia) (re the name: Ocrisia was a noble Roman, Servio Tulio's mother, the 6th Roman emperor.) 
     (Mexico to Argentina)
     
     
     Genus CYANOPHRYS: TROPICAL GREEN HAIRSTREAKS
     
     
139. Cyanophrys acaste ______  ARne  (MM:194)
     Acasto
     AR name: Acasto
     
     
140. Cyanophrys herodotus ______ ARne  (K:117) (MM:195) (PE:13)
     Tropical Greenstreak (or Tropical Green Hairstreak) (another name: Herodoto, the name referring to Herodoto, a Greek historian in the 5th Century BC)
     (Mexico to Brazil  & northeast Argentina)
     
     
141. Cyanophrys remus ______ ARne  (MM:196)
     Remo (or Double-lined Emerald)
     
     
     Genus ARCAS
     
     
142. Arcas imperialis ______ (C:343)
     Imperial Hairstreak
     (southernmost Mexico to northern South America) 
     
     
     Genus THECLA: Traditionally, a large genus of hairstreaks in Central & South America. Relatively small, some with tails and bright coloration. Usually live in lightly wooded and sunny habitats.
     
      
143. Thecla conchylium ______ ARne  (MM:200)
     Little Snail
     
     
144. Thecla sophocles ______ ARne  (MM:205)
     Sofocles (re the name: Sofocles was 1 of the 3 most important Greek playwrights, 496-406 BC) 
     
     
     
     Genus XAMIA: Mostly South American tailed butterflies with muted orange colors. Breed on succulents.  
     
     
     Genus EVENUS
     
     
145. Evenus (formerly incorrectly in Thecla) coronata ______ (S:88)
     Hewitson's Blue Hairstreak
     
     
     Genus PARRHASIUS
     
     
146. Parrhasius orgia orgia ______ ARne  (MM:197)
     Orgia
     (subspecies orgia: northeast Argentina)
     
     
147. Parrhasius m-album ______ (K:93) (PE:15) (S:92)
     White M Hairstreak
     (closely related butterflies in mountains of Central & South America) 
     
     
     Genus OENOMAUS: Hairstreaks of North & South America, relatively large and with iridescent colors. Live in lightly wooded areas.
     
      
148. Oenomaus ortygnus ______ (PE:text)
     Aquamarine Hairstreak
     (Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
149. Oenomaus rustan ______ (F:260)
     (Honduras to Brazil)
     
     
     Genus TMOLUS: Dimorphic tailed hairstreaks with dark uppers and light undersides. 
     
     
150. Tmolus echion ______ ARne  (F:278) (K: 119) (MM:206) (PE:13)
     Red-spotted Hairstreak (other names: Echion Hairstreak, Four-spotted Hairstreak, or Large Lantana)
     (Mexico to Brazil & northeast Argentina)
     (Introduced into some places, such as Mexico & Hawaii, to control lantana, its caterpillar food plant.)
     
     
     Genus MINISTRYMON: Hairstreaks of North & South America that have adaptations for living in deserts. Breed on mesquites, spiny trees, and shrubs of the Proposis genus, which grow in deserts, especially by watercourses. The colors of the butterflies are blue, gray, and black.  
     
     
151. Ministrymon azia ______  (K:119) (PE:13)
     Gray Ministreak (or Azia Hairstreak)
     (south Texas to southern Brazil, also West Indies)
     
     
152. Ministrymon una ______ ARne  (MM:204)
     Pale Rubber
     AR name: Frotadora Palida
     
     
     Genus SIDERUS
     
     
153. Siderus tephraeus ______ (PE:text)
     Tephraeus Hairstreak
     (Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
     Genus CALYCOPIS: Small, tailed LYCAENIDS, mostly in South America.
     (2 species occur in North America: C. cecrops & C.isobeon) 
     
     
154. Calycopis isobeon ______ (PE:13)
     Dusky Blue Groundstreak (or Dusky-blue Hairstreak)
     (Texas to Venezuela)
     
     
     Genus ELECTROSTRYMON
     
     
155. Electrostrymon sangala (or cyphara) ______ (K:103) (PE:13)
     Ruddy Hairstreak
     (south Texas to Venezuela)
     
     
156. Electrostrymon canus ______ (K:103) (PE:text) 
     Muted Hairstreak
     (south Texas to Peru)
     
     
157. Electrostrymon endymion ______ ARne  (MM:201)
     Endymion Hairstreak (re the name: Endymion in Greek mythology was a shepherd who lulled in perpetual sleep.)  
     
     
     Genus STRYMON: SCRUB HAIRSTREAKS: In both North & South America. Butterflies exhibit seasonal variation. 
     
     
158. Strymon melinus ______ (C:181) (F:274) (K: 93) (PE:15) (S:90)  
     Gray Hairstreak
     (southern Canada to South America)
     (Widely distributed in North & Central America, living in many different types of open habitat. Has been recorded breeding on over 50 species of plants.)
     
     
159. Strymon rufofusca ______ (K:123) (PE:15)
     Red-crescent Scrub-Hairstreak (or Reddish Hairstreak)
     (south Texas to Argentina, also Grenada)
     
     
160. Strymon yojoa ______ (K:123) (PE:15)
     Yojoa (Scrub-)Hairstreak
     (Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
161. Strymon albata ______ (F:273) (K:123) (PE:15)
     White (Scrub-)Hairstreak
     (Mexico to Venezuela)
     (A migrant, with some flights from Central America reaching the southern US.) 
     
     
162. Strymon istapa (or columella) ______ (K:121) (PE:14)
     Mallow (Scrub-)Hairstreak
     (southern US to South America)
     
     
163. Strymon bazochii ______ ARne  (K:123) (MM:207) (PE:15)
     Lantana Scrub-Hairstreak (or Bazochii Hairstreak) (another name: Smaller Lantana Butterfly)
     (south Texas to Paraguay & ne Argentina, also Greater Antilles)
     
     
164. Strymon mulucha ______ ARne  (MM:208)
     White Line Rubber
     
     
165. Strymon astiocha ______ ARne  (MM:209)
     Astiocha
     
     
166. Strymon eurytulus ______ ARne  (MM:210)
     Rubber
     
     
167. Strymon megarus ______ ARne  (MM:211)
     Pineapple Drill (the name refers to the host plant) 
     
     
     
     Subfamily POLYOMMATINAE: BLUES
     (Very small butterflies, mostly blue above. Females of many are browner.)
     
      
168. Leptotes cassius ______ ARne  (K:127) (MM:215) (PE:16) (S:99) 
     Cassius Blue  
     (southern US to South America, also West Indies)
     (males are a light lilac-blue, females mainly white)
     
     
     Genus ZIZULA: A genus of Blues 
     
     
169. Zizula cyna ______ ARne (F:279) (K:127) (MM:213) (PE:15)
     Cyna Blue
     (south Texas to Argentina)
     (Occurs in deserts and scrubby areas. One of the smallest butterflies. Sway from side to side when perched.)
     
     
     Genus HEMIARGUS: Commonly called "eyed blues", these butterflies occur in both North & South America. The common name is from 2 or 3 eye-spots on the undersides of the hindwings. They breed on a wide variety of members of the pea family, Leguminosae.
     
        
170. Hemiargus ceraunus ______ (K:129) (PE:15)
     Ceraunus Blue
     (southern US to South America, also West Indies)
     
     
171. Hemiargus hanno ______ ARne  (MM:214)
     Spotted Miri
     
     
     Genus CELASTRINA: AZURES
     
     Subfamily RIODINIDAE: METALMARKS (named for the gold, silver, or copper-colored metallic scales on the wings of many of the species) 
     (About 1,300 species are known, found mainly in the American tropics. A few  in North America extend south into Mexico.)
     (Habitually, these butterflies land on the undersides of foliage, with their wings spread wide open.) 
     
     
     Genus HADES: mostly South American metalmarks with rounded wings
     
        
172. Hades noctula ______ (DV2:1) (F:237)
     (Mexico to Venezuela)
     
     
     Genus METHONE
     
     
173. Methone cecilia ______ (DV2:1)
     (Costa Rica to Amazon basin) 
     
     
     Genus EUSELASIA: A large group of over 100 species of metalmarks in Central and South America. They often sexually dimorphic, and often have a pattern of lines and waves on their undersides.
     
     
174. Euselasia bettina ______ (DV2:1)
     (Nicaragua to Ecuador)
     
     
175. Euselasia corduena ______ (DV2:1)
     (Costa Rica to Peru) 
     
     
176. Euselasia labdacus ______ (DV2:2)
     (Costa Rica to Bolivia) 
     
     
177. Euselasia eucrates leucorrhoa ______ (DV2:2)
     (Costa Rica to Bolivia) (subspecies: Costa Rica to Venezuela)
     
     
178. Euselasia gyda ______ (DV2:2)
     (Costa Rica to Brazil) 
     
     
179. Euselasia midas ______ (DV2:3)
     (Costa Rica to Peru & Brazil) 
     
     
180. Euselasia euoras ______ (DV2: text)
     (Costa Rica & Colombia, Ecuador, Peru)
     
     
181. Euselasia aurantiaca ______ (DV2:3)
     (Mexico to Venezuela) 
     
     
182. Euselasia angulata ______ (DV2:3)
     (Mexico & Costa Rica, Colombia to Brazil)
     
     
183. Euselasia onorata ______ (DV2:3)
     (Costa Rica to Ecuador)
     
     
184. Euselasia hygenius occulta ______ ARne  (MM:216)
     Pretender  (name refers to similarity with some SATYRINAE)
     (subspecies occulta: northeast Argentina)
     
     
185. Euselasia utica ______ ARne  (MM:217)
     Orange Nemi  (Nemi is a Guarani word meaning hidden. The butterfly rests on the underside of leaves, with wings folded.) 
     
     
186. Euselasia eugeon ______ ARne  (MM:218)
     Yellow Legs
     AR name: Patas Amarillas
     
     
     
     Genus PEROPTHALMA
     
     
187. Peropthalma tullius ______ (DV2:3)
     (Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
     Genus LEUCOCHIMONA
     
     
188. Leucochimona vestalis ______ (DV2:4)
     (Guatemala to Ecuador) 
     
     
189. Leucochimona lagora ______ (DV2:4)
     (Nicaragua to Ecuador & the Guianas)
     
     
     Genus MESOSEMIA: More than 60 species in mostly South America, characterized by quite prominent eye-spots on the forewing, giving a face-like appearance. Unusual for butterflies, they tend to hop through vegetation rather than fly.
     
     
190. Mesosemia hesperina ______ (DV2:4)
     (Costa Rica to Venezuela)
     
     
191. Mesosemia telegone ______ (DV2:5)
     (Mexico to Peru)   
     
     
192. Mesosemia odice ______ ARne  (MM:219)
     Little Eyes
     AR name: Ojitos
     
     
     Genus NAPAEA
     
     
193. Napaea eucharila ______ (DV2:5)
     (Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
194. Napaea theages ______ (DV2:5)
     (Nicaragua to Ecuador) 
     
     
195. Napaea umbra ______ (DV2:5)
     (Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
     Genus EURYBIA: dark-colored Neotropical metalmarks with a conspicuous eye-spot on the forewing.
     
     
196. Eurybia caerulescens ______ (DV2:6)
     (Costa Rica to Venezuela) 
     
     
197. Eurybia lycisia ______ (DV2:6) (F:234)
     (Mexico to Ecuador)
     (The distinctive feature of this species is the iridescent blue hindwing edged in black.)
     
     
198. Eurybia unxia ______ (DV2:6)
     (Costa Rica to Bolivia & Brazil)  
     
     
199. Eurybia elvina ______ (DV2:6)
     (Mexico to Brazil) 
     
     
200. Eurybia tephrias ______ ARne  (MM:221)
     Dripped  (the name refers to the butterfly's white spots)
     AR name: Goteada 
     
     
     Genus VOLTINIA
     
     
201. Voltinia theata ______ (DV2:6)
     (Costa Rica to Ecuador)
     
     
     Genus HERMATHENA
     
     
202. Hermathena candidata ______ (DV2:6)
     (Costa Rica to Bolivia)
     
     
     Genus CYRENIA
     
     
203. Cyrenia martia ______ (DV2:6)
     (Costa Rica to Brazil) 
     
     
     Genus LYPOTERYX: Some 23 species of metalmarks in Central & South America.
     
     
204. Lyropteryx lyra ______ (DV2:7) (F:252)
     (Mexico to Ecuador & Brazil) 
     (One of the larger metalmarks) 
     
     
     Genus CHORINEA
     
     
205. Chorinea octauius ______ (DV2:7)
     (Guatemala to Brazil)  
     
     
206. Chorinea heliconides ______ ARne  (MM:224)
     Black Lace
     AR name: Puntilla Negra
     
     
     Genus ITHOMEIS
     
     
207. Ithomeis eulema ______ (DV2:7)
     (Costa Rica to Venezuela) 
     
     
     Genus MONETHE
     
     
208. Monethe rudolphus ______ (DV2:7)
     (Nicaragua to Guyana) 
     
     
     Genus CREMNA
     
     
209. Cremna thasus ______ (DV2:7)
     (Mexico to Brazil) 
     
     
     Genus NOTHEME
     
     
210. Notheme erota diadema ______ (DV2:7)
     Notheme erota angelius ______ ARne  (MM:225)
     Small Round
     (Mexico to Argentina) (subspecies diadema: Mexico to Peru) (subspecies angelius: northeast Argentina)
     
     
     Genus ANCYLURIS: Mostly South American, up to 20 species.
     Many are black with contrasting red or white bands on the upperwings.  
     
     
211. Ancyluris tedea ______ ARne  (MM:222)
     Red Ribbon 
     (in the book "Butterflies of Misiones", 2003: the first mention of the species in Argentina) 
     
     
     Genus RHETUS: 4 mostly South American species with long hindwings. 
     
     
212. Rhetus dysonii ______ (DV2:8)
     (Costa Rica to Brazil) 
     
     
213. Rhetus arcius ______ (DV2:8) (F:268)
     (Mexico to Bolivia & Brazil) 
     
     
214. Rhetus periander ______  (DV2:8)
     Rhetus periander eleusinus ______ ARne  (MM:223) 
     Eleusinian  (re the name: Eleusinian inhabited Eleusis, an Attica port nw of Athens) 
     (Mexico to Argentina) (subspecies eleusinus: northeast Argentina)  
     
     
     Genus LEPRICORNIS
     
     
215. Lepricornis strigosa ______ (DV2:8)
     (Costa Rica to Peru) 
     
     
     Genus SYRMATIA: Mostly South American metalmarks, having an unmistakable shape with incredibly long, drawn-out hindwings.
     
       
216. Syrmatia nyx ______ (DV2:9)
     (Costa Rica to Brazil, also Trinidad)
     
     
217. Syrmatia aethiops ______ (DV2:9)
     (Costa Rica to Brazil)
     
     
     Genus CHAMAELIMNAS 
     
     
218. Chamaelimnas villagomes ______ (DV2:9)
     (Costa Rica possibly to Ecuador) 
     
     
     Genus EXOPLISIA 
     
     
219. Exoplisia cadmeis ______ (DV2:9)
     (Honduras to Peru)
     
     
220. Exoplisia hypochalbe ______ (DV2:9)
     (Nicaragua possibly, and Peru & Bolivia)
     
     
     Genus ISAPIS
     
     
221. Isapis agyrtus ______ (DV2:9)
     (Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
     Genus MELANIS :  called "Mulattos" in Argentina
     
     
222. Melanis pixe ______ (C:327) (DV2:9) (K:151) (PE:17)
     Red-bordered Pixie (or Pixie)
     (Texas (lower Rio Grande valley) to Brazil) 
     
     
223. Melanis electron ______ (DV2:9)
     (Guatemala to Venezuela, also Trinidad)  
     
     
224. Melanis xenia ______ ARne  (MM:234)
     Toothed Mulatto  ("toothed" refers to the irregular bands on the dorsal surface)  
     
     
225. Melanis smithiae ______ ARne  (MM:235)
     Orange-tipped Mulatto
     
     
226. Melanis aegates cretiplaga ______ ARne  (MM:236)
     White-spotted Mulatto
     
     
     Genus XENANDRA
     
     
227. Xenandra helius ______ (DV2:9)
     (Costa Rica to the Amazon basin)
     
     
     Genus METACHARIS
     
     
228. Metacharis victrix ______ (DV2:10)
     (Nicaragua to Ecuador)
     
     
     Genus ESTHEMOPSIS: About 15 species of metalmark butterflies, mostly in South America.
     
     
229. Esthemopsis colaxes ______ (DV2:10)
     (Costa Rica to Ecuador)
     
     
     Genus CARIA
     
     
230. Caria rhacotis ______ (DV2:10)
     (Guatemala to Peru)
     
     
231. Caria lampeto ______ (DV2:10)
     (Mexico to Bolivia)
     
     
232. Caria domitianus ______ (DV2:10)
     (Mexico to Venezuela, also Trinidad) 
     
     
233. Caria castalia marsyas ______ ARne  (MM:232)
     Brilliantine (referring to its brilliant green coloration)
     (subspecies marsyas: northeast Argentina) 
     
     
234. Caria plutargus ______ ARne  (MM:233)
     Brilliantine and Orange  (with orange spots)
     
     
     Genus BAEOTIS
     
     
235. Baeotis nesaea ______ (DV2:10)
     (Costa Rica to Peru)
     
     
236. Baeotis zonata zonata ______ (DV2:10)
     (Mexico to Venezuela, also Trinidad) (subspecies: Mexico to Venezuela)
     
     
237. Baeotis sulphurea ______ (DV2:10)
     (Mexico to Ecuador) 
     
     
     Genus PARCELLA
     
     
238. Parcella amarynthina amarynthina ______ (DV2:10)
     (Costa Rica possibly to Argentina) (subspecies amarynthina: Costa Rica possibly & Panama to eastern Brazil)
     
     
     Genus CHARIS
     
     
239. Charis auius ______ (DV2:11)
     (Costa Rica to Brazil)
     
     
240. Charis gynaea ______ (DV2:11)
     (Costa Rica to Brazil)
     
     
241. Charis hermodora ______ (DV2:11)
     (Costa Rica to Venezuela, also Trinidad)
     
     
     Genus ADELOTYPA: About 30 small butterflies mostly in South America
     
     
242. Adelotypa glauca ______ (DV2:11)
     (Costa Rica to Venezuela)
     
     
243. Adelotypa densemaculata ______ (DV2:11)
     (Nicaragua to Peru)
     
     
     Genus PARNES
     
     
244. Parnes nycteis ______ (DV2:11)
     (Costa Rica to the Amazon basin)
     
     
     Genus ROBERELLA
     
     
245. Roberella lencates ______ (DV2:11)
     (Costa Rica to the Amazon basin, also Trinidad)
     
     
     Genus CALOSPILA
     
     
246. Calospila trotschi ______ (DV2:11)
     (Costa Rica to Ecuador)
     
     
     Genus CALEPHELIS: SCINTILLANT METALMARKS:  only in the Americas, mostly in the tropics, many species bewilderingly similar 
     
     
247. Calephelis laverna parva ______ (DV2:12)
     (Costa Rica to northern Brazil, also Trinidad) (subspecies: Costa Rica)
     
     
248. Calephelis inca ______ (DV2:12)
     (Costa Rica to northern Brazil)
     
     
249. Calephelis nilius ______ ARne  (MM:227)
     Sky-blue Lines 
     AR name: Lineas Celestes
     
     
     Genus ARGYROGRAMMANA
     
     
250. Argyrogrammana holosticta ______ (DV2: text)
     (Mexico to Peru)
     
     
251. Argyrogrammana venilia ______ (DV2:13)
     (Costa Rica to Brazil) 
     
     
     Genus MESENE: mostly South American, about 20 species.
     
      
252. Mesene silaris ______ (DV2:13)
     (Nicaragua to the Guianas & Peru)
     
     
253. Mesene phareus rubella ______ (DV2:13) (F:255) (S:102)
     Cramer's Mesene
     (Mexico to Peru & Brazil) (subspecies rubella: Guatemala to Colombia)
     (strikingly beautiful, the male a deep red with black borders, the female a lighter color and larger)
     
     
254. Mesene monostigma ______ ARne  (MM:250)
     Spotted Tiny
     AR name: Diminuta Manchada
     
     
255. Mesene pyrippe sanguilenta ______ ARne  (MM:251)
     Orange and Brown Tiny 
     (subspecies sanguilenta: northeast Argentina)
     
     
256. Mesene epaphus ______ ARne  (MM:252)
     Orange Tiny
     AR name: Diminuta Naranja
     
     
257. Mesene simplex celetes ______ ARne  (MM:253)
     Yellow Tiny
     AR name: Diminuta Amarilla
     (subspecies celestes: northeast Argentina)
     
     
     Genus MESENOPSIS
     
     
258. Mesenopsis melanochlora ______ (DV2:13)
     (Nicaragua to Bolivia)
     
     
     Genus SYMMACHIA  
     
     
259. Symmachia rubina ______ (DV2:13)
     (Mexico to Ecuador)  
     
     
260. Symmachia accusatrix ______ (DV2:14)
     (Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
261. Symmachia probetor  ______ (DV2:14)
     (Mexico to Brazil) 
     
     
262. Symmachia menetas menetas ______ ARne  (MM:249)
     Southern Simaquia 
     (subspecies menetas: northeast  AR) (in the book, "Butterflies of Missiones", 2003: the first sighting of the species in Argentina)
     
     
     Genus STICHELIA
     
     
263. Stichelia sagaris ______ (DV2:14)
     (Mexico to Brazil, also Trinidad) 
     
     
     Genus ANTEROS
     
     
264. Anteros allectus ______ (DV2:14)
     (Costa Rica to Ecuador)
     
     
265. Anteros chrysoprastus ______ (DV2:14)
     (Guatemala to Brazil) 
     
     
266. Anteros cumulatus ______ (DV2: text)
     (Costa Rica to Ecuador)
     
     
267. Anteros renaldus ______ (DV2:14)
     (Nicaragua to Brazil) 
     
     
268. Anteros carausius ______ (C:333) (DV2:14)
     Carousing Metalmark
     (Mexico to Venezuela)  
     
     
269. Anteros formosus ______ (DV2:14)
     (Honduras to Peru) 
     
     
270. Anteros kupris ______ (DV2:15)
     (Costa Rica to Bolivia) 
     
     
     Genus SAROTA
     
     
271. Sarota chrysus ______ (DV2:15)
     (Mexico to Bolivia)
     
     
272. Sarota myrtea ______ (DV2:15)
     (Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
273. Sarota spicata ______ (DV2:15)
     (Costa Rica to western Brazil)
     
     
274. Sarota psaros ______ (DV2:15)
     (Guatemala to Brazil) 
     
     
275. Sarota gyas ______ (DV2:15)
     (Honduras to Brazil)
     
     
276. Sarota acantus ______ (DV2:15)
     (Costa Rica to the western Amazon basin)
     
     
     Genus CHALODETA
     
     
277. Chalodeta lypera ______ (DV2:15)
     (Guatemala to Brazil)
     
     
278. Chalodeta chaonitis ______ (DV2:15)
     (Mexico to Brazil, also Trinidad)
     
     
279. Chalodeta theodora theodora ______ ARne  (MM:231)
     Shiny Lines
     AR name: Lineas Brilliantes
     (subspecies theodora: northeast Argentina)
     
     
     Genus LASAIA
     
     
280. Lasaia pseudomeris ______ (DV2:16)
     (Costa Rica to Peru)
     
     
281. Lasaia oileus ______ (DV2:16)
     (Honduras to Peru & Brazil)
     
     
282. Lasaia agesilas esmeralda ______ ARne  (MM:229)
     Hovy  (the name is a Guarani word referring to the males coloring)
     (subspecies esmeralda: northeast Argentina)
     
     
283. Lasaia arsis ______ ARne  (MM:230)
     Splashy Hovy
     AR name: Hovy Salpicada
     
     
     Genus CALYDNA
     
     
284. Calydna sturnula ______ (DV2:16)
     (Mexico to Brazil)  
     
     
     Genus EMESIS
     
     
285. Emesis tenedia tenedia ______ (DV2:17) (K:151) (PE:text)
     Falcate Metalmark (or Falcate Emesia)
     (south Texas to Brazil) (subspecies tenedia: Mexico to Ecuador)
     
     
286. Emesis ocypore zelotes ______ (DV2:16)  (MM:239)
     Dark Acrobat
     (Mexico to northern Argentina) (subspecies zelotes: northeast Argentina) 
     
     
287. Emesis lupina ______ (DV2:16)
     (Mexico to Venezuela)
     
     
288. Emesis lucinda ______ (DV2:17)
     (Mexico to Brazil) 
     
     
289. Emesis mandana ______ (DV2:17)
     (Mexico to Brazil) 
     
     
290. Emesis fatimella ______ (DV2:17)
     (Costa Rica to Bolivia) 
     
     
291. Emesis cypria ______ (DV2:17)
     (Mexico to Bolivia) 
     
     
292. Emesis diogenia ______ ARne  (MM:237)
     Diogenia  (re the name: Diogenia, in mythology, was Celeo's daughter.)  
     
     
293. Emesis russula ______ ARne  (MM:238)
     Reddish Acrobat
     
     
294. Emesis neemias ______ ARne  (MM:240)
     Brilliantine Acrobat
     
     
     Genus THISBE
     
     
295. Thisbe irenea ______ (DV2:18)
     (Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
296. Thisbe lycorias ______ (DV2:18)
     (Mexico to the western Amazon basin)  
     
     
     Genus JUDITHA
     
     
297. Juditha molpe ______ (DV2:18)
     (Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
     Genus CATOCYCLOTIS
     
     
298. Catocyclotis aemulius adelina ______ (DV2:18)
     (Costa Rica to Brazil) (subspecies: Costa Rica to Ecuador)
     
     
     Genus SYNARGIS: Tailless mostly South American LYCAENIDS, often with an interesting black and white coloration.
     
      
299. Synargis ochra ______ (DV2:18)
     (Guatemala to Peru) 
     
     
300. Synargis phylleus ______ (DV2:19)
     (Costa Rica to Peru) 
     
     
301. Synargis palaeste ______ (DV2:19)
     (Costa Rica to Colombia) 
     
     
302. Synargis gela ______ (DV2:21)
     (Costa Rica possibly, Ecuador to Brazil)
     
     
303. Synargis calyce brennus ______ ARne  (MM:241)
     Nemi  (this name is a Guarani word meaning "hidden")
     (subspecies brennus: northeast Argentina)
     
     
304. Synargis victrix ______ ARne  (MM:242)
     Demarcated Nemi
     
     
     Genus RODINIA
     
     
305. Rodinia calpharnia ______ (DV2:20)
     (Costa Rica possibly, Panama to Brazil) 
     
     
     Genus AUDRE
     
     
306. Audre albina ______ (DV2:20)
     (Costa Rica possibly, Panama to Venezuela)
     
     
307. Audre gauchoana ______ ARne  (MM:244)
     Brown Patchwork
     AR name: Colage Parda
     
     

308. Audre notialis ______ ARne  (MM:245)
     Irregular Patchwork
     AR name: Colage Irregular
     
     

309. Audre chilensis ______ ARne  (MM:246)
     Southern Patchwork
     AR name: Colage Meridional
     
     
     Genus MENANDER
     
     
310. Menander menander ______ (DV2:20)
     (Costa Rica to Brazil)  
     
     
311. Menander pretus ______ (DV2:20)
     (Guatemala to Brazil) 
     
     
312. Menander laobotas ______ (DV2:20)
     (Nicaragua to Ecuador)
     
     
     Genus PERIPLACIS:  Mostly South American LYCAENIDS with strongly angled wings, and with brown and blue coloration.
     
     
313. Periplacis glaucoma splendida ______ (DV2:20) (F:262)
     (Costa Rica to Brazil)
     
     
     Genus CALOSPILA
     
     
314. Calospila lucianus lucianus ______ (DV2:21)
     (Costa Rica to Brazil, also Trinidad) (subspecies: Costa Rica to Venezuela)
     
     
315. Calospila parthaon ______ (DV2:21)
     (Mexico to Ecuador, also Trinidad) 
     
     
     Genus CALOCIASMA
     
     
316. Calociasma lilina ______ (DV2:21)
     (Mexico to Panama, also Trinidad)
     
     
     Genus SETABIS
     
     
317. Setabis lagus ______ (DV2:22)
     (Honduras to Brazil) 
     
     
318. Setabis alcmaeon ______ (DV2:22)
     (Costa Rica to Ecuador)
     
     
     Genus NYMPHIDIUM
     
     
319. Nymphidium mantus ______ (C:357) (DV2:22)
     Blue Nymphidium
     (Costa Rica to Brazil, also Trinidad)
     
     
320. Nymphidium olinda ______ (DV2:22)
     (Costa Rica possibly, Panama to Venezuela)
     
     
321. Nymphidium azanoides occidentalis ______ (DV2:22)
     (Costa Rica & Panama, Ecuador & Brazil) (subspecies: Costa Rica to Ecuador) 
     
     
322. Nymphidium ascolia ______ (DV2:22)
     (Guatemala to Bolivia & Brazil)
     
     
     Genus THEOPE
     
     
323. Theope publius ______ (DV2:23)
     (Costa Rica to Venezuela)
     
     
324. Theope thebais ______ (DV2:24)
     (Costa Rica to Ecuador & Brazil)
     
     
325. Theope matuta ______ (DV2:24)
     (Costa Rica to Venezuela)
     
     
326. Theope phaeo ______ (DV2:24)
     (Nicaragua to the Amazon basin)  
     
     
327. Theope pedias ______ (DV2:24)
     (Mexico to Brazil) 
     
     
328. Theope thestias ______ (DV2:24)
     (Nicaragua to Bolivia) 
     
     
329. Theope lycaenina ______ (DV2:25)
     (Costa Rica to eastern Brazil)
     
     
330. Theope eudocia ______ (DV2:24) (S:102)
     Orange Theope Butterfly
     (Nicaragua to Peru) 
     (Has a darting flight and settles on the undersides of leaves. The green caterpillar feeds on foliage of cacao.)  
     
     
     Genus METACHARIS
     
     
331. Metacharis umbrata  ______ (DV2:25)
     (Costa Rica to Ecuador)
     
     
     Genus BRACHYGLENIS
     
     
332. Brachyglenis esthema ______ (DV2:25)
     (Costa Rica to Ecuador) 
     
     
     Family NYMPHALIDAE: BRUSHFOOTS
     (cosmopolitan, with subfamilies range from 8 to 25, depending upon taxonomic treatment)
     (This is the most diverse family of butterflies, with approximately 6,000 known species worldwide. Brushfoot butterflies appear 4 rather than 6-legged as their 2 front legs are much reduced.)  
     
     
     Genus AGRIAS
     
     
333. Agrias aedon ______ (DV1:13)
     (Mexico to Amazon Basin)  
     
     
334. Agrias amydon ______ (DV1:13) (F:115)
     Agrias Butterfly
     (Mexico to Amazon Basin) 
     (A powerful flier. Has a number of subspecies, very variable. Lives in the rainforest. Visits fruit for sugar.) 
     
     
     Genus PREPONA
     
     
335. Prepona omphale ______ (DV1:13)
     (Mexico to Amazon Basin) 
     
     
336. Prepona dexamenus ______ (DV1:13)
     (Panama to Amazon Basin)
     
     
337. Prepona meander ______ (S:119)
     Banded King Shoemaker
     (in flight, makes a crackling sound) 
     
     
338. Prepona pylene pylene ______ ARne
     Pylene 
     
     
     Genus SIDERONE
     
     
339. Siderone marthesis ______ (DV1:13)
     (Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
     Genus ARCHAEOPREPONA
     
     
340. Archaeoprepona demophon thalpius ______ ARne (C:347) (DV1:14)
     One-spotted Prepona (or Demofonte)  (re the name: Demofonte was a fortune-teller consulted by Alexander the Great.)  
     (Mexico to northern Argentina) (subspecies: ne AR)
     
     
341. Archaeoprepona demophoon demophoon ______ ARne
     Demophoon  (re the name: Demophoon, in mythology, was Teseo's son.)
     (subspecies: ne AR)
     
     
342. Archaeoprepona meander ______ (DV1:14)
     (Mexico to Amazon Basin) 
     
     
343. Archaeoprepona chalciope ______ ARne
     Calciope
     
     
     Genus ZARETIS
     
     
344. Zaretis itys ______ (DV1:14)
     (southern Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
     Genus HYPNA
     
     
345. Hypna clytemnestra clytemnestra ______ (DV1:15)
     Hypna clytemnestra huebneri ______ ARne
     Clitemnestra  (re the name: Clitemnestra was Agamenon's wife.)
     (Mexico to Amazon Basin) (subspecies clytemnestra: Nicaragua to Brazil; subspecies huebneri: northeast Argentina) 
     
     
346. Consul fabius cecrops ______ (DV1:15)
     Consul fabius drurii ______ ARne
     Mbopi  (this name is Guarani word meaning "bat", referring to its peculiar shape when flying near the tops of trees)
     (Mexico to Amazon Basin) (subspecies cecrops: Mexico to Bolivia; subspecies drurii: northeast Argentina) 
     
     
     Subfamily CHARAXINAE: LEAF BUTTERFLIES
     
     Genus ANAEA: LEAF WINGS
     
     
347. Anaea glycerium ______ (PE:25)
     Angled Leafwing
     (Mexico to northern South America)
     
     
348. Anaea pithyusa ______ (K:221) (PE:25)
     Pale-spotted Leafwing (or Blue Leafwing)
     (Mexico to Bolivia)
     
     
     Genus  MEMPHIS:  About 100 species, which occur in Central America. They resemble the genus ANAEA, to which they are related.
     With crytic undersides that are leaf-like. They reside in the forest, and are powerful fliers.   
     
     
349. Memphis titan ______ (DV1:15)
     (Costa Rica to Peru) 
     
     
350. Memphis ryphea ryphea ______ (DV1:15)
     (Mexico to Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Mexico to Peru)
     
     
351. Memphis eurypyle ______ (DV1:15)
     (Mexico to Bolivia) 
     
     
352. Memphis xenocles ______ (DV1:17)
     (Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
353. Memphis arginussa ______ (DV1:17)
     (Mexico to Amazon Basin) 
     
     
354. Memphis morvus coerulescens ______ ARne  (DV1:18)
     Blue Leaf
     (Mexico to northern Argentina) (subspecies: ne AR)  
     
     
355. Memphis lyceus ______ (DV1:18)
     (Costa Rica to Bolivia)
     
     
356. Memphis oenomais ______ (DV1:18)
     (Mexico thru Central & South America)
     
     
357. Memphis pithyusa ______ (DV1:19)
     (Mexico to Bolivia)
     
     
     Genus DOXOCOPA
     
     
358. Doxocopa pavon ______ (DV1:19) (K:225) (PE:24)
     Pavon Emperor
     (Mexico to Bolivia)
     
     
359. Doxocopa felderi ______ (DV1:19)
     (Costa Rica to Bolivia)
     
     
360. Doxocopa cyane ______ (DV1:20)
     (Mexico to Peru)
     
     
361. Doxocopa laure ______ (C:285) (DV1:20) (K:225) (PE:24)
     Silver Emperor (or Laure)
     (Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
362. Doxocopa linda mileta ______ ARne
     Cute
     (subspecies mileta: northeast Argentina)
     
     
363. Doxocopa agathina vacuna ______ ARne
     Turquoise
     (subspecies vacuna: northeast Argentina)
     
     
364. Doxocopa kallina ______ ARne
     Indigo
     
     
365. Doxocopa laurentia laurentia ______ ARne
     Sapphire
     (subspecies laurentia: northeast Argentina)
     
     
366. Doxocopa zunilda zunilda ______ ARne
     Zunilda
     (subspecies zunilda: northeast Argentina)
     
     
     Subfamily LIBYTHEINAE: SNOUTS
     
     Genus LIBYTHEANA: SNOUTS
     
      
367. Libytheana carinenta carinenta ______ ARne  (C:281) (DV1:20) (F:175) (K:223) (PE:18) (S:146)
     Southern (or American) Snout (or Snout Butterfly)
     (southern US to Argentina) (subspecies carinenta: northeast Argentina) 
     
     
     Genus TIGRIDIA
     
     
368. Tigridia acesta ______ (DV1:21)
     (Costa Rica to the Amazon Basin)
     
     
     Genus COLOBURA
     
     
369. Colobura dirce dirce ______ ARne  (C:291) (DV1:21) (S:114)
     The Mosaic (or Zebra Butterfly)
     (Mexico thru Central & South America, also the West Indies) (subspecies dirce: northeast Argentina)
     
     
     Genus HISTORIS
     
     
370. Historis odius dious ______ ARne  (DV1:21) (PE:text)
     Orion (also called Stinky Leaf Wing) (or Popeno: this name a Guarani word meaning "gigantic") 
     (throughout Central & South America; in North America, a rare stray to Florida) (subspecies: ne AR)  
     
     
371. Historis acheronta ______ (C:353) (DV1:21)
     Tailed Cecropian
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin, also Greater Antilles)
     
     
     Genus SMYRNA
     
     
372. Smyrna blomfildia blomfilda ______ ARne  (DV1:21) (K:225) (PE:26)
     Blomfild's Beauty
     (Mexico to Argentina) (subspecies: ne AR)
     
     
     Genus BAEOTUS
     
      
373. Baeotus baeotus ______ (DV1:21) (F:122)
     (Costa Rica to the Amazon Basin)
     (an attractive and rare butterfly in virgin rainforest) 
     
     
     Genus PYCINA
     
     
374. Pycina zamba ______ (DV1:21)
     (Mexico to Peru) 
     
     
     Genus BIBLIS
     
     
375. Biblis hyperia  ______  (C:319) (DV1:21) (F:124) (K:215) (PE:25)
     Biblis hyperia nectanabis ______ ARne
     Red Rim (or Crimson-banded Black)
     (or Crimson-banded Black)
     (Mexico to the Argentina, also the West Indies) (subspecies nectanabis: northeast Argentina)
     
     
     Genus HAMADRYAS: CRACKERS: species in this genus are called "crackers" becasue of the noise the males make in flight; in general CRACKERS are also called CALICOS. 
     
     
376. Hamadryas februa  ______ (DV1:21) (F:158) (K:217) (PE:26)
     Hamadryas februa februa ______ ARne
     Gray Cracker (or some places called The Cracker) (also called Common Calico)  
     (another name: Red eye-spotted Pororo: "Pororo" is a Guarani word meaning "that crackles" or "that sparkles".)  
     (southern US to Argentina) (subspecies februa: northeast Argentina)
     (Occurs along forest edges. Not at flowers, but at rotting fruit, dung, and mud.) 
     
     
377. Hamadryas feronia ______ (C:259) (DV1:21) (K:217) (PE:26)
     Variable Cracker (also called Blue Cracker)
     (southern US to Brazil) 
     
     
378. Hamadryas arethusa ______ (S:132)
     Queen Cracker
     
     
379. Hamadryas guatemalena ______ (DV1:21) (PE:26)
     Guatemalan (or Central American) Cracker
     (Mexico to Brazil) 
     
     
380. Hamadryas ipthime ipthimre ______ (DV1:21) (PE:26)
     Brownish (or Ringless Blue) Cracker
     (Mexico to Brazil) (subspecies: Costa Rica to Brazil) 
     
     
381. Hamadryas fornax  ______  (DV1:21) (F:158)
     Hamadryas fornax fornax ______ ARne
     Yellow Cracker (or Yellow-skirted Cracker) (another name: Ochre-spotted Pororo, "Pororo" a Guarani word meaning "that crackles" or "that sparkles")
     (Mexico to Argentina) (subspecies fornax: northeast  Argentina)
     (Smaller than other crackers, and with a number of subspecies.) (In moist rainforest, it occurs along trails and rivers.)
     
     
382. Hamadryas amphinome ______  (DV1:22) (F:157) (PE:26)
     Hamadryas amphinome amphinome ______ ARne
     Red Cracker (another name: Red-spotted Pororo, "Pororo" a Guarani word meaning "that crackles" or "that sparkles") 
     (Mexico to northern Argentina) (subspecies amphinome: northeast Argentina) (In rainforests)
     
     
383. Hamadryas arinome ariensis ______ (DV1:22)
     (Mexico to Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Costa Rica to Bolivia) 
     
     
384. Hamadryas laodamia ______ (C:261) (DV1:22) (F:159)
     Queen Cracker ("Starry-night Cracker")
     (Mexico to Amazon Basin) 
     (This Hamadryas has delightful coloration completely different than its allies.)
     (Flies in the canopy and in sunny clearings in the rainforest.)
     
     
385. Hamadryas epinome ______ ARne
     Pororo  (this name is a Guarani word meaning "that crackles" or "that sparkles") 
     
     
386. Hamadryas arete ______ ARne
     Blue Pororo  ("Pororo" a Guarani word meaning "that crackles" or "that sparkles")
     
     
     Genus PANACEA
     
     
387. Panacea procilla ______ (DV1:22)
     (Panama to the Amazon Basin) 
     
     
     Genus MYCELIA
     
     
388. Myscelia cyaniris ______ (DV1:22)
     Mexican Bluewing
     (Mexico to Peru) 
     
     
389. Myscelia leucocyna ______ (DV1:22)
     (Nicaragua to Venezuela) 
     
     
     Genus EUNICA
     (60 species in Central & South America that live in primary forest)
     
      
390. Eunica tatila bellaria ______ ARne  (DV1:22) (K:215) (PE:25)
     Florida Purple Wing (or Large Purple Wing, or simply Purple Wing)
     (southern US to northern Argentina, also West Indies) (subspecies: ne AR)  
     
     
391. Eunica monima ______ (DV1:22) (K:215) (PE:25)
     Dingy Purple Wing
     (US & Mexico thru Central & South America, also the Antilles & Bahamas) 
     
     
392. Eunica malvina ______ (DV1:22)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin)
     
     
393. Eunica norica ______ (DV1:22)
     (Costa Rica to Bolivia)
     
     
394. Eunica caresa ______ (DV1:22)
     (Guatemala to Peru)
     
     
395. Eunica mygdonia ______ (DV1:22)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin)
     
     
396. Eunica excelsa ______ (DV1:23)
     (Costa Rica to Ecuador)
     
     
397. Eunica alcmena ______ (DV1:23)
     (Mexico to Peru) 
     
     
398. Eunica pomona ______ (DV1:23)
     (Costa Rica to Venezuela)
     
     
399. Eunica maja maja ______ ARne
     Maja
     (subspecies: ne AR)
     
     
400. Eunica eburnea ______ ARne
     Ivory
     
     
     Genus MARPESIA: DAGGERWINGS
     (A genus of mostly Central and South American butterflies, but also occurs in Africa. Called "daggerwings" after the long tail on each hindwing. 
     
     
401. Marpesia zerynthia ______  (DV1:23) (K:219) (PE:25)
     Waiter Daggerwing
     (southern US thru Central & South America) 
     
     
402. Marpesia coresia ______ 
     
     
403. Marpesia merops ______ (DV1:23)
     (Guatemala thru Central & South America)
     
     
404. Marpesia berania ______ (C:275) (DV1:23)
     Orange Daggerwing
     (Mexico thru Central & South America)
     
     
405. Marpesia marcella ______ (DV1:23)
     (Guatemala to Peru)
     
     
406. Marpesia iole ______ (DV1:23)
     (Nicaragua to Bolivia)
     
     
407. Marpesia petreus ______  (DV1:23) (F:177) (K:219) (PE:25) (S:123)
     Marpesia petreus petreus ______ ARne
     Ruddy Daggerwing (also called Southern Daggertail, and in the West Indies, the Tailed Flambeau)
     (southern US thru Central & South America) (subspecies: ne AR) 
     (visits flowers and mud-puddles)
     
     
408. Marpesia chiron  ______  (C:273) (DV1:23) (K:219) (PE:25)
     Marpesia chiron marius ______ ARne
     Many-banded Daggerwing  (or Mario)
     (southern US, Central & South America, also West Indies) (subspecies marius: northeast Argentina)
     
     
     Genus DYNAMINE
     
     
409. Dynamine agacles agacies ______ ARne (DV1:24)
     Edged Drop
     (Costa Rica to Argentina) (subspecies agacies: northeast Argentina) 
     
     
410. Dynamine theseus ______ (DV1:24)
     (Mexico to Venezuela)
     
     
411. Dynamine salpensa ______ (DV1:24)
     (Costa Rica to the Amazon Basin)
     
     
412. Dynamine mylitta ______ (DV1:24)
     (Mexico thru Central & South America)  
     
     
413. Dynamine dyonis ______ (DV1:24) (K:225) (PE:25)
     Blue-eyed Sailor (or Blue-eyed Green Wing)
     (Texas thru Central America)
     
     
414. Dynamine artemisia glauce ______ (C:289)
     Dynamine artemisia artemisia ______ ARne
     Small-eyed Sailor (or Drop with Monocle, has a large "eyespot" with a band, like a monocle)
     (Mexico to Argentina) (subspecies artemisia: northeast Argentina)
     
     
415. Dynamine glauce ______ (DV1:24)
     (Mexico thru Central & South America)
     
     
416. Dynamine chryseis ______ (DV1:24)
     (Nicaragua to the Amazon Basin)
     
     
417. Dynamine myrrhina ______ ARne
     Light Drop
     
     
418. Dynamine coenus coenus ______ ARne
     White Drop
     (subspecies: ne AR)
     
     
419. Dynamine athemon athemaena ______ ARne
     Drop with Line
     (subspecies: ne AR)
     
     
420. Dynamine tithia tithia ______ ARne
     Blind Drop
     (subspecies: ne AR)
     
     
421. Dynamine postverta postverta ______ ARne
     Eye-spotted Drop
     (subspecies: ne AR) 
     
     
422. Dynamine aerata ______ ARne
     Drop with Glasses
     
     
     Genus TEMENIS
     
     
423. Temenis laothoe santina  ______ ARne (DV1:24)
     Blunt
     (Mexico to northern Argentina) (subspecies: ne AR)
     
     
424. Temenis pulchra ______ (DV1:24)
     (Costa Rica to the Amazon Basin)
     
     
     Genus NICA
     
     
425. Nica flavilla flavilla ______ ARne  (DV1:24)
     Small Rings
     (Mexico to northern Argentina) (subspecies flavilla: northeast Argentina) 
     
     
     Subfamily LIMENITIDINAE: ADMIRALS
     (adults often characterized by flap-and-glide flight)
     
     
     Genus EPIPHILE
     
     
426. Epiphile orea orea ______ ARne  (DV1:24)
     Blue Marked
     (Costa Rica to northern Argentina) (subspecies orea: northeast Argentina) 
     
     
427. Epiphile hubneri ______ ARne
     Orange Marked
     
     
     Genus CATONEPHELE 
     
     
428. Catonephele numilia esite ______ (DV1:25) (S:139)
     Catonephele numila neogermanica ______ ARne
     Grecian Shoemaker  (or Spotted Velvet)
     (Mexico to southern Brazil & Argentina) (subspecies esite: Mexico to Venezuela, also Trinidad; subspecies neogermanica: ne AR))
     
     
429. Catonephele chromis ______ (DV1:25)
     (Honduras to possibly Bolivia) 
     
     
430. Catonephele orites ______ (DV1:25)
     (Costa Rica to Ecuador)
     
     
431. Catonephele acontius caeruleus ______ ARne
     Banded Velvet
     (subspecies: ne AR) 
     
     
     Genus MAEMATERA
     
     
432. Haematera pyrame pyrame ______ ARne  (DV1:25)
     Blaze
     (Nicaragua to northern Argentina) (subspecies: ne AR) 
     
     
     Genus DIAETHRIA
     
     
433. Diaethria clymena janeira ______ ARne  (C:317)
     Eighty-Eight Butterfly
     (subtropical & tropical Latin America) (subspecies: ne AR)
     
     
434. Diaethria eluina eluina ______ ARne
     Blue Eighty-Eight
     (subspecies: ne AR)
     
     
435. Diaethria candrena candrena ______ ARne
     Eighty
     (subspecies: ne AR)
     
     
436. Diaethria marchalii ______ (DV1:25)
     (Nicaragua to Brazil)
     
     
     Genus CALLICORE
     
     
437. Callicore pitheas  ______ (DV1:25)
     Pink Pura Vida
     (Mexico to Venezuela & Ecuador)
     
     
438. Callicore atacama ______ (DV1:25)
     Neotropical Butterfly
     (Costa Rica to Bolivia) 
     
     
439. Callicore brome ______ (DV1:25)
     (Costa Rica to Ecuador)
     
     
440. Callicore pygas thamyras ______ ARne
     Para Guasu  (re the name: "Para" & "Guasu" are Guarani words meaning, respectively, "full of colors" and "big")
     (subspecies: ne AR) 
     
     
441. Callicore hydaspes ______ ARne
     Para Mini  (re the name: "Para" & "Mini" are Guarani words meaning, respectively, "fullo of colors" and "small")
     
     
442. Callicore sorana sorana ______ ARne
     Zigzag Para
     (subspecies: ne AR)
     
     
     Genus ADELPHA
     
     
443. Adelpha melanthe ______ (DV1:26)
     (Mexico to Ecuador)
     
     
444. Adelpha boreas ______ (DV1:26)
     (Costa Rica to Bolivia) 
     
     
445. Adelpha salmoneus ______ (DV1:26)
     (Mexico to Venezuela) 
     
     
446. Adelpha leucopthalma ______ (DV1:26)
     (Nicaragua to Colombia, possibly Peru)
     
     
447. Adelpha zina ______ (DV1:26)
     (Guatemala to Peru)
     
     
448. Adelpha justina ______ (DV1:26)
     (Guatemala to Peru) 
     
     
449. Adelpha cytherea ______ (DV1:26)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin) 
     
     
450. Adelpha cocala ______ (C:277) (DV1:26)
     Orange-washed Sister
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin)  
     
     
451. Adelpha heraclea ______ (DV1:26)
     (Nicaragua to Venezuela)
     
     
452. Adelpha boeotia ______ (DV1:26)
     (Guatemala to the Amazon Basin) 
     
     
453. Adelphia delinita ______ (DV1:50)
     (Honduras to Ecuador) 
     
     
454. Adelpha iphiclus ______ (DV1:27)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin)
     
     
455. Adelpha erotica ______ (DV1:27)
     (Costa Rica to Venezuela)
     
     
456. Adelpha lerna ______ (DV1:27)
     (Nicaragua to the Amazon Basin) 
     
     
457. Adelpha phylaca ______ (DV1:27)
     (Guatemala to Bolivia) 
     
     
458. Adelpha naxia ______ (DV1:27)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin)
     
     
459. Adelpha ixia ______ (DV1:27)
     (Mexico to Venezuela) 
     
     
460. Adelpha celerio ______ (DV1:27)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin) 
     
     
461. Adelpha zea ______ ARne  (DV1:27)
     Zea
     (Mexico to the Argentina)  
     
     
462. Adelpha lycorias lycorias ______ ARne
     Vermilion Spot
     (subspecies: ne AR)
     
     
463. Adelpha syma ______ ARne
     Syma
     
     
464. Adelpha mythra ______ ARne
     Mithra  (re the name: Mithra was a Persian god.)
     
     
465. Adelpha malea goyama ______ ARne
     Goyama
     
     
466. Adelpha abia ______ ARne
     Abia
     
     
467. Adelpha serpa serpa ______ ARne
     Serpa
     
     
468. Adelpha falcipennis ______ ARne
     Ochre Adelpha
     
     
469. Adelpha thessalia indefecta
     Northeastern Tesela  (name in Argentina)
     (subspecies indefecta: northeast Argentina)  
     
470. Adelpha melona pseudarete ______ ARne
     Melona
     (subspecies pseudarete: northeast Argentina) 
     
     
     Genus PYRRHOGYRA
     
     
471. Pyrrhogyra neaerea ______ (DV1:28)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin)  
     
     
472. Pyrrhogyra crameri ______ (DV1:28)
     (Nicaragua to the Amazon Basin)
     
     
473. Pyrrhogyra otolais ______ (DV1:28)
     (Mexico to Bolivia) 
     
     
474. Pyrrhogyra edocla ______ (DV1:28)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin)  
     
     
     Genus HYPANARTIA
     
     
475. Hypanartia lethe ______ (C:279) (DV1:28)
     Orange Mapwing
     (Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
476. Hypanartia kefersteini ______ (DV1:28)
     (Mexico to Peru)
     
     
     Genus SIPROETA (or METAMORPHA)
     
     
477. Siproeta (or Metamorpha) stelenes meridionalis ______ ARne  (DV1:28) (F:202) (K:209) (PE:26)
     Malachite
     (southern US to northern Argentina, and thru West  Indies) (subspecies: ne AR) 
     (On the wing all year in the tropics, feeds on fermenting fruit.)  
     
     
478. Siproeta epaphus  ______  (DV1:28) (K:209) (S:136)
     Siproeta epaphus trayja ______ ARne
     Rusty-tipped Page (or Brown Siproeta) (another name: Dark Epafos, re the name: Epafos, in mythology, was Jupiter's son.)
     (Mexico to northern Argentina) (subspecies trayja: northeast Argentina) 
     
     
     Genus ANARTIA
     
     
479. Anartia amathea roeselia ______ ARne (C:311)
     Red Peacock (or Red Princess)
     (Panama to Argentina, also: Trinidad & Tobago, Grenada, Barbados, Antigua) (subspecies: ne AR)
     
     
480. Anartia jatrophae jatrophae ______ ARne (C:309) (DV1:28) (K:209) (PE:24) (S:107)
     White Peacock
     (southern US thru Central & South America, also West Indies) (subspecies: ne AR) 
     
     
     Genus JUNONIA: BUCKEYES 
     
     
481. Junonia evarete ______ (D1:28) (F:168) (K:207) (PE:23)
     Mangrove Buckeye (in the West Indies, called Caribbean Buckeye) (Other names: Smoky Buckeye, Florida Buckeye, West Indian Buckeye)
     (southern US thru American tropics)
     
     
482. Junonia genoveva  ______  (K:207) (PE:23)
     Junonia genoveva hilaris ______ ARne
     Tropical Buckeye (or Genoveva) (another name: Peacock) 
     (southern US to Argentina) (subspecies hilaris: northeast Argentina)
     
     
     Genus VANESSA: LADY BUTTERFLIES 
     
     
483. Vanessa (or Cynthia) cardui ______ (DV1:28) (K:205) (PE:23) (S:141)
     Painted Lady
     (worldwide, except for Australia and New Zealand) 
     
     
484. Vanessa carye ______ ARne
     Four-eyed Lady
     
     
485. Vanessa braziliensis ______ ARne
     Two-eyed Lady
     
     
486. Vanessa myrinna ______ ARne
     Banded Lady
     
     
     Genus HYPOLIMNAS
     
     
487. Hypolimnas misippus ______ (DV1:28) (F:164)
     The Mimic (other names: Diadem Butterfly, Six-continent Butterfly, Danaid Butterfly) 
     (distributed worldwide, the female resembles Danaus chrysippus of the Old World, with coloration similar to Danaus glippus, the Queen)
     
     
     Genus CHLOSYNE: PATCHES
     
       
488. Chlosyne lacinia saundersi ______ ARne (C:265) (DV1:29) (K:189) (PE:21)
     Bordered Patch
     (US to northern Argentina) (subspecies: ne AR) 
     
     
489. Chlosyne poecile ______ (DV1:29)
     (Costa Rica to Venezuela)
     
     
490. Chlosyne narva ______ (DV1:29)
     (Nicaragua to Venezuela)
     
     
     Genus PHYCIODES: CRESCENTS
     
     
491. Phyciodes ptolyca _____ (K:183) (PE:21)
     Black Crescent
     (Mexico to Venezuela) 
     
     
     Genus TEGOSA
     
     
492. Tegosa anieta anieta ______ (DV1:29)
     (Mexico to Venezuela, also Trinidad)
     
     
493. Tegosa frisia hermas ______ ARne
     Splashy
     
     
494. Tegosa claudina ______ ARne
     Claudina
     
     
     Genus ERESIA
     
     
495. Eresia clara ______ (DV1:30)
     (Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
496. Eresia lansdorfi ______ ARne
     False Erato  (name refers to its resemblance to Heliconius erato phyllis) 
     
     
     Genus CASTILIA
     
     
497. Castilia eranites ______ (DV1:30)
     (Mexico to Venezuela)
     
     
498. Castilia ofella ______ (DV1:30)
     (Guatemala to Venezuela, also Trinidad)
     
     
     Genus JANATELLA
     
     
499. Janatella leucodesma ______ (DV1:30)
     (Nicaragua to Venezuela, also Trinidad)
     
     
     Genus ANTHANASSA
     
     
500. Anthanassa drusilla ______ (DV1:30)
     (Mexico thru Central America to western South America) 
     
     
501. Anthanassa ptolyca ______ (DV1:30)
     (Mexico to Venezuela)
     
     
     Genus PHILAETHRIA
     
     
502. Philaethria dido ______ (DV1:31) (S:164)
     Scarce Bamboo Page
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin)
     (Generally flies high in the tree canopy, but on occasion descends to drink and take in salts from the damp ground.)
     
     
     Subfamily HELICONIINAE: LONGWINGS
     (Mostly in the American tropics. Adults of some species are long-lived, and several are distasteful. Various other species mimic the distasteful butterflies of this group.)  
     
     
     Genus PHILAETHRIA: 2 nearly identical species which may be differentiated only by comparing their underwings.
     
     
503. Philaethria dido ______  (DA:92)
     (southern Mexico to Brazil; also Trinidad)
     (the costal margins and the transverse band of the hindwings are chocolate-colored)  
     
     
504. Philaethria wernickei ______ (DA:text)
     (southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina)
     (the costal margins and the transverse band of the hindwings are gray)
     
     
     Genus PODOTRICHA: 2 species occurring at medium to high elevations in the Andes>
     
     
505. Podotricha telesiphe tithraustes ______  (DA:93)
     (Ecuador & Peru, from 2,500 to 9,000 feet)
     (resembles Heliconius telesiphe) 
          
     
     Genus DIONE
     
     
506. Dione moneta ______ (C:267) (DV1:31) (F:143) (K:155) (P:28)
     Mexican Silverspot (or Mexican (Silver-spotted) Fritillary)
     (southern US thru Central & South America) 
     
     
507. Dione juno ______  (DV1:31) (S:161)
     Dione juno suffumata ______ ARne
     Silver Spot (or Scarce Silver-spotted Flambeau) (another name: Dark Juno) 
     (thru Central & South America, also the Lesser Antilles) (subspecies suffumata: northeast Argentina)
     (closely related to Dryas iulia) (Often occurs in the same places as the very similar Gulf Fritillary. Said to be attracted to red and blue flowers.)
     
     
     Genus AGRAULIS: a single well-known species which occurs in a number of races throughout its vast range.
     
     
508. Agraulis vanillae  ______  (C:269) (DV1:31) (F:144) (K:157) (P:28) (S:160)
     Agraulis vanillae maculosa ______ ARne  (DA:93)
     Gulf Fritillary (other common names: Silver-spotted Flambeau and Mirrors) 
     (southern US thru American tropics to South America, also West Indies) (subspecies maculosa: northeast Argentina) 
     (This widespread, familiar butterfly visits gardens to drink nectar.)
     (Fiery orange upperside distinguished from Dryas iulia by presence of numerous black dots on the forewing and a silver spotted underside.) 
     
     
     Genus DRYADULA
     
     
509. Dryadula phaetusa ______ ARne (DV1:31) (K:155) (P:28)
     Banded Orange Heliconian (or Banded Orange) (another name: Phaetusa, re the name: Phaetusa, in mythology, was Sun's daughter, Phaeton's sister.) 
     (Mexico to northern Argentina)
     
     
     Genus DRYAS
     
     
510. Dryas iulia  ______  (C:301) (DA:94) (DV1:31) (F:145) (K:157) (P:28) (S:159)
     Dryas iulia alcionea ______ ARne
     Julia Heliconian (or Julia) (also called in the Caribbean, The Flambeau)
     (southern US thru American tropics to Brazil, also West Indies) (subspecies alcionea: northeast Argentina)
     (visits open sunny and flowery areas (often wet ground), breeds on the passion flower.) 
     
     
     Genus EUEIDES: a genus of about a dozen species that's remarkable for the lack of conformity of its members. Some resemble DANAIDAE (Ituna), ACRAEIDAE (Actinote), ITHOMIIDAE (Mechanitis) and the genus HELICONIUS.  
     
     
511. Eueides aliphera ______  (DA:94) (DV1:31)
     Eueides aliphera aliphera ______ ARne
     Small Julia
     (Mexico to northern Argentina, including Trinidad & Tobago) (subspecies aliphera: northeast Argentina)
     (A miniature of Dryas julia, both in wing shape and the variations of markings.)   
     
     
512. Eueides procula ______ (D1:31)
     (Guatemala to Brazil) 
     
     
513. Eueides isabella ______  (DV1:31) (K:155) (P:29) (S:159)
     Eueides isabella dianasa ______ ARne
     Isabella's Heliconian (or Isabella, or Isabella Tiger) (another name: Southern Isabel)
     (Mexico to northern Argentina, also West Indies) (subspecies dianasa: northeast Argentina) 
     
     
514. Eueides vibilia ______ (DV1:31)
     (Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
515. Eueides lybia ______ (DV1:31)
     (Nicaragua to the Amazon Basin)   
     
     
516. Eueides heliconius ______ (S:161)
     Small Flambeau
     (a miniature replica of Dryas iulia)
     
     
     Genus HELICONIUS: LONGWINGS
     
      
517. Heliconius ricini ______ (S:163)
     Small Heliconius
     
     
518. Heliconius ismenius telchinia ______ (DV1:31)
     
     
519. Heliconius doris ______ (DV1:31) (F:160) (S:162)
     Heliconius doris eratonia ______  (DA:98)
     Heliconius doris aristomache ______ (DA:98)
     Doris Butterfly (or Doris)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin) 
     (This species is trimorphic, in that it occurs in 3 color varieties. Individuals of either sex can have red, green, or blue coloration, in addition to the basic black pattern with yellow blotches.) (Forest margins and clearings.)
     
     
520. Heliconius ismenius ______ (DV1:31)
     (Mexico to Ecuador)  
     
     
521. Heliconius hecale ______ (DV1:31) (F:160)
     Heliconius hecale eucherius ______ (DA:100)
     Heliconius hecale barcanti ______ (DA:100)
     (Mexico to the Guianas, Amazonas, & the eastern side of the Andes in Bolivia) 
     (throughout Central & South America, with a number of races)   
     
     
522. Heliconius melpomene ______ (C:307) (DV1:32) (F:161) (S:162)
     Heliconius melpomene rosina ______ (DA:101)
     Heliconius melpomene cythera ______ (DA:101)
     Postman Heliconnian (or the Postman)
     (Mexico to Brazil) 
     (slightly larger than its close relative & nearly identical buttterfly, Heliconius erato) (Many species in this genus have forms matching so closely that they very difficult to distinguish. Flies with Heliconius erato, the Small Postman.)
     
     
523. Heliconius cydno ______ (DV1:32)
     Heliconius cydno cydno ______ (DA:102) 
     Heliconius cydno galanthus ______ (DA:102)
     (Mexico to Ecuador) 
     (Some forms resemble forms of Heliconius sapho with which they fly.)
     
     
524. Heliconius erato ______ (DV1:32) (F:160) (K:155) (P:28)
     Heliconius erato notabilis ______  (DA:103)
     Heliconius erato cyrbia ______  (DA:103)
     Heliconius erato demophoon ______ (DA:104)
     Heliconius erato hydara ______  (DA:104)
     Heliconius erato phyllis ______ ARne
     Erato Heliconian (also called the Small Postman) (another name: Crimson-patched Longwing) 
     (Mexico to northern Argentina) (subspecies phyllis: ne AR) 
     (Flies close to the ground, along forest margins and in open areas. Roosts communally at night.)
     
     
525. Heliconius sara ______ (C:305) (DV1:32)
     Heliconius sara sara ______  (DA:106)
     Sara Heliconian (or Small Blue Grecian)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin) (Although almost without variation in Central America, it has a number of different forms from Panama southwards.)
     
     
526. Heliconius charitonia ______ (C:303) (DV1:32) (F:160) (K:155) (P:28) (S:160)
     Heliconius charitonia charitonia ______  (DA:105)
     Zebra Heliconian (or Zebra) (also called Zebra Longwing)
     (southern US thru Central & South America, also the West Indies)
     (This graceful butterfly is a common sight in gardens and at roadside flowers. Roosts in small to large clusters, returning to the same roost night after night. Very familiar to visitors of butterfly houses as it is easy to rear.)
     
     
527. Heliconius hecalesia ______ (DV1:32)
     Heliconius hecalesia hecalesia  ______  (DA:104)
     (Mexico to Colombia) (subspecies hecalesia: eastern Panama to Colombia) 
     
     
528. Heliconius clysonymus ______ (DV1:32)
     Yellow-patch Longwing
     (Honduras to Ecuador) 
     
     
529. Heliconius sapho ______ (DV1:32)
     Heliconius sapho leuce ______  (DA:106)
     Heliconius sapho eleuchia ______  (DA:106) 
     (Mexico to Ecuador) 
     (Some forms resemble forms of Heliconius cydno with which they fly.) 
     
     
530. Heliconius eleuchia ______ (DV1:32)
     (Costa Rica to Ecuador) 
     
     
531. Heliconius besckei ______ ARne
     German  (re the name: the coloring of the butterfly is like the German flag)  
     
     
532. Heliconius ethilla narcaea ______ ARne
     Rainbow
     (subspecies narcaea: northeast Argentina)
     
     
533. Heliconius metharme ______  (DA:96)
     (Colombia, Peru, & Brazil - western Amazonas)
     (Flies in the company of Heliconius doris.) 
     
     
534. Heliconius hecuba ______  (DA:96)
     (northern Colombia & the eastern slopes of the Andes south to Ecuador)
     (a variable species)
     
     
535. Heliconius xanthocles ______  (DA:96)
     (Colombia to Peru, also Brazil & the Guianas)  
     (Has a color and pattern resembalnce to the PIERID Archonias bellona hyrnetho, and a day-flying ARCTIID moth Pericopis phyleis.)
     
     
536. Heliconius wallacei ______  (DA:97)
     (Colombia to Peru; also Brazil, the Guianas, & Trinidad)
     (a variable species, but distinguished by the presence of a greater or lesser amount of a dull steely blue color on the uppers.)   
     
     
537. Heliconius nattereri ______  (DA:98,99)
     (eastern Brazil)
     (This exquisite butterfly is very rare, a threatened species.)   
     
     
538. Heliconius numata idalion ______  (DA:99)
     Heliconius numata messene ______ (DA:99)
     (Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil (western Amazonas) to Paraguay) (subspecies idalion & messene: Colombia)
     
     
539. Heliconius hermathena rubopunctata ______ (DA:103)
     (Brazil, in the lower middle Amazon)
     (With variation, but can almost always be identified by the distinctive and beautiful greenish yellow streak on the upper forewing.) 
     
     
540. Heliconius telesiphe sotericus ______ (DA:105)
     (southern Colombia to central Peru)
     (The form that's yellow-banded on the hindwing strongly resembles another HELICONID, with which it often flies, Podotricha telesiphe.)
     
     
541. Euptoieta claudia ______ (D1:32) (K:157) (P:29)
     Variegated Fritillary
     (Canada thru Central & South America, also the West Indies) 
542. Actinote anteas ______ (D1:32)
     (Mexico to Venezuela)
543. Actinote melampeplos ______ (D1:32)
     (Costa Rica to Ecuador)
544. Actinote surima surima ______ ARne
     Orange Lazy  (name refers to its type of flight)
     (subspecies: ne AR)
545. Actinote thalia pyrrha ______ ARne
     Yellow Base Lazy  (name refers to its type of flight)
     (subspecies: ne AR)
546. Actinote melanisans ______ ARne
     Translucent Base Lazy  (name refers to its type of flight)
547. Actinote pellenea calymma ______ ARne
     Lazy  (name refers to its type of flight)
     (subspecies: ne AR)
548. Actinote mamita elena ______ ARne
     Elena's Lazy  (name refers to its type of flight)
     (subspecies: ne AR) 
     
     
     Subfamily DANAINAE: MILKWEED BUTTERFLIES
     
     Genus ITUNA: a single species, distinctive.
     
     
549. Ituna ilione lamira ______  (DA:79)
     (Central America to northern Argentina)
     (The sexes are similar. The semi-transparent wings are similar to ITHOMIIDS, but this species has a much greater size. This butterfly is often seen floating effortlessly for long distances, at a uniform height above the ground, until a shrub with flowers distracts it from its reverie. Then, it becomes immediately ensconced, oblivious to all else, as it spends long minutes refreshing itself.)    
     
     
     Genus LYCOREA: Remarkable heliconid mimics. They resemble Heliconius ethilla, but can be distinguished by their larger size in both sexes, and in the male, the presence of a tuft of extrusible "hair-pencils" at the tip of the abdomen.
     
     
550. Lycorea ilione ______  (DV1:33)
     Lycorea ilione ilione ______ ARne  
     Crystalline Queen
     (Mexico to northern Argentina) (subspecies ilione: northeast Argentina) 
     
     
551. Lycorea cleobaea atergatis ______  (DA:text) (DV1:33) (F:176) (K:155) (P:36) (S:187)
     Tiger Mimic-Queen (or Large Tiger)
     (Mexico to Peru) 
     (Larger than true heliconids) (Occurs in wood and scrub habitats.)
     
     
552. Lycorea halia discreta ______ ARne
     Halia
     (subspecies: ne AR)
     
     
     Genus DANAUS: ROYALTY
     
     
553. Danaus plexippus ______ (C:37) (DV1:33) (F:143) (K:227) (P:36) (S:184)
     Danaus plexippus erippus ______ ARne
     Danaus plexippus megalippe ______  (DA:80)
     Monarch
     (A truly cosmopolitan species, occurring in North and South America, Australia, and the East Indies.) (subspecies erippus: northeast Argentina)
     (A very strong flier with strong migratory tendencies in temperate regions, but not in the tropics where it is usually a solitary flier.)
       
     
     
554. Danaus eresimus ______  (C:283) (DV1:33) (F:142) (K:229) (P:36)
     Danaus eresimus plexaure ______ ARne
     Soldier (or Empress)
     (southern US to northern Argentina, also in the Antilles) (subspecies plexaure: northeast Argentina)
     
     
555. Danaus gilippus ______
     Danaus gilippus gilippus ______ ARne
     Queen
     (southern US to northern Argentina) (subspecies gilippus: northeast Argentina) 
     
     
     Subfamily ITHOMIINAE: this highly diverse group has been considered as a separate family, or (now by most) as a subfamily of NYMPHALIDAE.  
     
     
     Genus EUTRESIS: 2 or 3 species
     
     
556. Eutresis hypereia ______ (DV1:33)
     Eutresis hypereia hypereia ______  (DA:82) 
     (Costa Rica to Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, & northern Brazil) (subspecies hypereia: Venezuela)
     (Similar to the DANAID Ituna species.)
     
     
     Genus OLYRAS: 3 species found in Central & South America
     
     
557. Olyras crathis ______ (DV1:33)
     (Costa Rica to Ecuador) 
     
     
558. Olyras insignis ______ (DV1:33)
     (Costa Rica to Ecuador) 
     
     
     Genus TITHOREA: a Neotropical genus of about 15 species
     
     
559. Tithorea tarricina ______ (DV1:34) (F:207)
     (Mexico to Brazil)  
     
     
560. Tithorea harmonia ______ (C:367) (DV1:34) (S:180)
     Harmonius Tiger-Clearwing (also called Tiger Butterfly, or the Tiger)
     (Mexico to Brazil) 
     
     
     Genus THYRIDIA: 4 species, 3 of which strongly resemble species in the genus  METHONA. These species are separated from those in that genus by the presence of white marginal spots on both surfaces of the hindwing. In METHONA they only occur on the underside. THYRIDA species are generally larger than METHONA.  
     
     
561. Thyridia aedesia aedesia ______  (DA:84)
     (Central America to northwestern Brazil, Amazonas) (subspecies aedesia: southern Panama to Brazil)  
     
     
562. Thyridia hippodamia cetoides ______  (DA:85)
     (Peru, Brazil) 
     (This species can be difficult to separate from Methonia species.)
     
     
563. Thyridia psidii pallida ______ (DV1:34)
     Pale
     (Mexico to northern Argentina) (subspecies pallida: northeast Argentina) 
     
     
     Genus MELINAEA: Now said to 7 or 8 species; formerly about 20.
     
     
564. Melinaea ethra ______ (DV1:34)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin) 
     
     
565. Melinaea marsaeus messenina ______  (DA:83)
     Melinaea marsaeus mothone ______ (DA:83)
     (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, in Amazonas) (subspecies messenina: Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil; mothone: Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, & Brazil. In these countries, the 2 subspecies occur in widely differing river valley localities.)
     
     
     Genus MECHANITIS: 8 to 10 species of distinctively shaped ITHOMIIDS, some of which have extremely long wings and abdomens, making them look rather like dragonflies. 
     
     
566. Mechanitis isthmia ______ (S:180)
     Common Mechanitis
     (Flies in bright sunlight, attracted to flowers.)
     
     
567. Mechanitis polymnia ______ (C:369) (DV1:34)
     Disturbed Tigerwing
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin) 
     (frequents more disturbed habitats than most ithomiine butterflies, it is said to fly commonly along the streets of the cities and towns of Costa Rica)
     
     
568. Mechanitis lysimnia lysimnia ______ ARne  (DA:85) (DV1:34)
     Multicolored
     (Honduras to northern Argentina) (subspecies lysimnia: northeast Argentina & Minas Gerais, Brazil) 
     
     
569. Mechanitis menapis ______ (DV1:34)
     Mechanitis menapis saturata ______  (DA:85)
     (Mexico to Ecuador; also Trinidad) (subspecies saturata: in the Cauca Valley of Colombia - other races have quite different coloration and markings.) 
     
     
     Genus PAGYRIS: a single species, with a number of new races described in recent years
     
     
570. Pagyris ulla ______  (DA:86)
     (Colombia to Peru)
     (The overall "glassy" appearance, with hints of soft colors occasionally breaking through, is a characteristic of this species.)
     
     
     Genus CALLITHOMIA: between 5 and 10 species of dark ITHOMIIDS in Central & South America 
     
     
571. Callithomia hezia villula ______  (DA:86)
     Callithomia hezia phagesia ______ (DA:86)
     (Mexico to Peru)  (subspecies  villula: Colombia; subspecies phagesia: central Peru)
         
     
     Genus SCADA
     
     
572. Scada zibia xanthina ______ (DV1:34)
     (Nicaragua to Peru) 
     
     
     Genus HYALYRIS: 8 to 10 species o CLEARWINGS, with some species showing delicate combinations of yellows & Orange-browns especially at the anal angle of the hindwings. 
     
     
573. Hyalyris excelsa ______ (DV1:34)
     (Costa Rica to Peru) 
     
     
574. Hyalyris oulita cana ______  (DA:87)
     Hyalyris oulita adelinda ______  (DA:87)
     (Venezuela to southern Peru & nearby Bolivia) (subspecies cana: Venezuela; subspecies adelinda: Ecuador)) 
     
     
575. Hypothyris euclea  ______  (DV1:34)
     Hypothyris euciea laphria ______ ARne
     Yvoty
     (Mexico to northern Argentina) (subspecies laphria: northeast Argentina) 
     
     
576. Hypothyris ninonia ______
     Hypothyris ninonia daeta ______ ARne
     Yvoty Moroti
     (subspecies: northeast Argentina)
     
     
     Genus NAPEOGENES
     
     
577. Napeogenes cranto ______ (DV1:34)
     (Costa Rica to Peru) 
     
     
     Genus ITHOMIA: 40 to 45 species of clear-winged butterflies with the most beautiful opalescent reflections when viewed in an oblique light.
     
     
578. Ithomia derasa ______  (DA:87)
     (Costa Rica, maybe Nicaragua, to Colombia)
     
     
579. Ithomia celemia ______ (DV1:35)
     (Costa Rica to Venezuela) 
     
     
580. Ithomia terra ______ (DV1:35)
     (Costa Rica to Bolivia) 
     
     
581. Ithomia agnosia ______ 
     Ithomia agnosia zikani ______ ARne
     White-spotted Crystalline
     (subspecies zikani: northeast Argentina)
     
     
582. Ithomia drymo ______ ARne
     Black Hyphen Crystalline
     
     
583. Ithomia salapia ______  (DA:87)
     (Ecuador & Peru)
     
     
     Genus OLERIA: 85 to 90 species of CLEARWINGS characterized in many species by orange apical coloring in the forewing, and/or some orange marking on the margin of the hindwing.  
     
     
584. Oleria zelica ______ (DV1:35)
     (Costa Rica to Ecuador)   
     
     
585. Oleria ilerdinoides ______  (DA:88)
     (Brazil, Amazonas)
     (There are similarly patterned and colored "species" that may prove to be seasonal or local forms of this same species.)
     
     
586. Oleria susiana susiana ______  (DA:88)
     (Colombia to northern Peru)
     (This "species" is part of a small group, in appearance atypically OLERIA, but palced in this genus for convenience until the true generic identity can be determined.) 
     
     
     Genus CERATINIA
     
     
587. Ceratinia tutia dorilla ______ (DV1:35)
     (Nicaragua to the Amazon Basin) (subspecies dorilla: Nicaragua to Venezuela)
     
     
     Genus DIRCENNA
     
     
588. Dircenna dero  ______ (DV1:35)
     (Mexico to Brazil)  
     
     
     Genus EPISCADA: 15 to 18 species of mostly clearwinged butterflies, with 1 or 2 with orange-brown and yellow colored opaque qualities.
     
     
589. Episcada carcinia ______ (DA:89)
     (southern Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, & Uruguay)
     
     
     Genus PTERONYMIA: 65 to 70 species of medium to large sized CLEARWINGS, with many having a yellowish cast to the diaphanous wings.  
     
     
590. Pteronymia oneida ______  (DA:89)
     (Colombia & Ecuador)
     
     
     Genus HYPOMENITIS: a single species
     
     
591. Hypomenitis theudelinda  ______  (DA:89)
     (Colombia to Peru)
     
     
     Genus GODYRIS: about 10 species of medium to large CLEARWINGS.
     
     
592. Godyris zavaleta ______ (DV1:35)
     (Mexico to Ecuador) 
     
     
593. Godyris duillia ______  (DA:90)
     (Colombia to Bolivia, in the eastern Andes)
     
     
     Genus POLISSENA  
     
     
594. Greta polissena ______ (DV1:36)
     (Costa Rica to Brazil) 
     
     
595. Greta andromica ______ (C:371) (DV1:36)
     Andromica Clearwing
     (Guatemala to Peru) 
     
     
     Genus PTERONYMIA
     
     
596. Pteronymia artena ______ (C:375) (DV1:36)
     Pointed Clearwing
     (Mexico to Peru, also Trinidad) 
     (common in many forests, up to 6,000ft., its larval host plants are woody vines called lianas, common in the tropical canopy)
     
     
     Genus HETEROSAIS
     
     
597. Heterosais edessa nephele ______ (DV1:36)
     (Costa Rica to Bolivia)
     
     
     Genus ANTIRRHEA: about 20 species
     
     
598. Antirrhea miltiades ______ (DV1:37) (F:118)
     (Guatemala to the Amazon Basin)  (Often perches, feeds on rotting fruit and fungi.)
     
     
599. Antirrhea philaretes ______  (DA:154,155)
     (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru; also Central America; possibly Venezuela) 
     
     
     
     Subfamily MORPHIDAE: there are about 150 species of this grouping in tropical Central & South America
     
     Genus MORPHO: about 80 showy species. These Central & South American species have always drawn much attention, as the large, obvious males are a very bright metallic blue.   
     
        
600. Morpho granadensis ______  (DA:150, 151) (DV1:38) (F:183)
     Morpho
     (Nicaragua to Ecuador) 
     (This morpho is distinguished from others by having most of its upper wings a light metallic blue with a dark margin (in both sexes).  
     
     
601. Morpho peleides ______ (DV1:38) 
     Common (or Blue) Morpho (also called The Emperor)
     (Mexico to Venezuela) 
     (The male has more blue on the upperside than the female. This species is attracted to fermenting fruit.) 
     
     
602. Morpho amathonte _____ (DV1:39)
     
     
603. Morpho theseus  ______ (DV1:39)
     (Mexico to Peru)  
     
     
604. Morpho achilles achilles ______ ARne,  BRse  (MM:355)
     AR name: Pora  (re the name: "Pora", it's a Guarani word meaning "beautiful".)
     BR name: Capitao do mato
     (subspecies achilles: northeast Argentina)
     
     
605. Morpho aega aega ______  ARne, (*) BRse  (MM:356)
     Blue Silk
     BR names: Seda Azul, Corcovado, Telao de Seda, Azulao
     (subspecies aega: northeast Argentina)
     
     
606. Morpho epistrophus argentina ______ ARne  (MM:357)
     Moroti  (re the name: "Moroti" is a Guarani word meaning "white".)
     (subspecies argentina: northeast Argentina) 
     
     
607. Morpho sulkowskyi sirene ______  (DA:146)
     Morpho sulkowskyi erus ______  (DA:146)
     (Colombia to Peru)
     (This relatively small MORPHO is a high altitude species, at 6,000 to 8,0000 feet above sea level.)  
     
     
608. Morpho rhetenor rhetenor ______  (DA:147,148)
     (Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, the Guianas, & Northern Brazil, Amazonas)
     (See the narrative by Henry Walker Bates at the beginning of this list.)
     
     
609. Morpho didius ______  (DA:149)
     (Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia)
     
     
610. Morpho deidamia deidamia ______  (DA:152, 153)
     (Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, the Guianas)
     (The female is larger with a narrow blue band and broad brown margins on the upper wings.)  
     
     
611. Morpho helenor violacea ______  BRse  (photos in the book "Mata Atlantica - the Atlantic Rain Forest", see note following list) 
     
     
     Genus CAEROIS: 3 species from Costa Rica to Colombia & Bolivia)
     
     
612. Caerois gerdrudtus ______  (DA:156) (DV1:40) (F:127)
     (Costa Rica to Ecuador)
     (Not common, lives in the rainforest and breeds in a palm.) (The other 2 species in the genus are similar in shape, but are a darker brown with orange bands on both wings.)  
     
     
     Subfamily BRASSOLIDAE: "The OWLS"
     
     
     Genus DYNASTOR: 3 magnificent species
     
      
613. Dynastor darius stygianus ______ (DV1:41)
     Dynastor darius ictericus ______ ARne  (MM:361)
     Dario
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin) (subspecies stygianus: Guatemala to Ecuador; subspecies ictericus: northeast Argentina)
     
     
614. Dynastor napoleon ______  (DA:139)
     (Brazil, in Rio de Janeiro province)
     (A very localized species, certainly one of the most magnificent of the BRASSOLIDS. Regarded as very rare. In the early 20th Century, it was thought to be nearly extinct.)  
     
     
     Genus DASYOPHTHALMA: 3 species in central & southern Brazil
     
     
615. Dasyophthalma creusa ______  (DA:140)
     (central & southern Brazil, maybe adjacent Paraguay)
     (This species can only be encountered in the first few months of the year, in the deepest forest. It is one of the most commonly taken butterflies on baits. Moth collectors have reported it coming to bait even at night.  
     
     
     Genus NAROPE
     
     
616. Narope cyllastros ______ (DV1:41)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin) 
     
     
617. Narope cyllene ______ ARne  (MM:358)
     Cilenia  (re the name: Cilenos were the inhabitants of Mount Cilene.)
     
     
     Genus OPSIPHANES: 13 species, all with stout bodies, and thick scaled wings. Occur from Mexico to Paraguay (& in Trinidad). The male wingshape reminiscent of the Afrotropical CHARAXES. The behavior is much like that of other BRASSOLIDS. Most of the species in this genus strongly resemble each other. Most of these species are not common.  
     
     
618. Opsiphanes tamarindi ______ (DV1:41)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin) 
     
     
619. Opsiphanes invirae amplificatus ______ ARne (DV1:42) (MM:359)
     Ghost
     (Honduras to northern Argentina) (subspecies amplificatus: northeast Argentina) 
     
     
620. Opsiphanes cassina ______ (DV1:42)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin) 
     
     
621. Opsiphanes quiteria ______ (DV1:42)
     (Guatemala to the Amazon Basin) 
     
     
622. Opisphanes sallei sallei ______  (DA:141)
     (Venezuela & Colombia to southern Bolivia)
     (The sexes similar.)
     
     
     Genus CATOBLEPIA
     
     
623. Catoblepia xanthicles ______ (DV1:44)
     (Costa Rica to Bolivia) 
     
     
624. Catoblepia orgetorix ______ (C:355) (DV1:44)
     Orgetorix Owl Butterfly
     (Nicaragua to Ecuador) 
     
     
625. Catoblepia amphirhoe ______ ARne  (MM:363)
     Big Ghost
     
     
     
     Genus ERYPHANIS: 6 species with "owl eyes" in Central & South America. Breeds on bamboo.
     
     
626. Eryphanis polyxena ______ (DV1:44) (S:158)
     Purple Mort Bleu
     (Guatemala to the Amazon Basin) 
     (Frequents forest clearings in the late afternoon and at dusk.)
     
     
627. Eryphanis aesacus ______ (DV1:45) (F:150)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin) 
     
     
628. Eryphanis reevesii ______ ARne  (MM:366)
     Blue Shadow
     
     
     Genus CALIGO: 20 to 30 species of among the largest and most striking butterflies in the world. The species in this genus can usually be distinguished from each other by the pattern and coloration of the upper wings
     
     
629. Caligo teucer ______ (S:157)
     Cocoa Mort Bleu
     (Avoids bright sunlight. Flies in the late afternoon and at dusk. Attracted to fermenting fruit.)
     
     
630. Caligo eurilochus brasiliensis ______ ARne  (DV1:45)  (MM:367)
     Owl Butterfly (or Magnificent Owl) (also called: Brazilian Little Owl)
     (Guatemala to northern Argentina) (subspecies brasiliensis: northeast Argentina)
     
     
631. Caligo memmon ______ (DV1:46) (F:128)
     Cream Owl Butterfly
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin) 
     (With a wingspan of 13cm, among the largest butterflies in the world. Crespusular. Lives in agricultural areas, breeds on Heliconia species and the related banana.)   
     
     
632. Caligo illioneus pampeiro ______ ARne  (DA:text) (DV1:46) (MM:368)
     Little Owl
     (Costa Rica to northern Argentina) (subspecies pampeiro: northeast Argentina)   
     
     
633. Caligo atreus _____ (DV1:46)
     Banded Owl
     (Mexico to Peru)  
     
     
634. Caligo brasilensis ______  (DA:143)
     (southern Brazil, possibly Argentina & Paraguay)
     
     
     Subfamily SATYRINAE: SATYRS & WOOD NYMPHS - the RINGLETS, a large group represented strongly in Central & South America
     
635. Hermeuptychia sosybius ______ (K:231) (P:37)
     Carolina Satyr
     (southeast US thru mainland tropical America)
     
     
636. Hermeuptychia hermes ______ ARne
     Hermes Satyr
     
     
637. Manataria maculata ______ (D1:47)
     (Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
638. Manataria hercyna hercyna ______ ARne
     Cream Band
     (subspecies: ne AR)
     
     
639. Oressinoma typhla ______ (D1:47)
     (Costa Rica to Bolivia) 
     
     
     Genus TAYGETIS: About 27 species of browns in Central & South America. With brown or gray upperparts, and with false eyes on the underside. Mostly, they prefer shaded rainforest understory.  
     
     
640. Taygetis mermeria ______ (D1:47)
     (Mexico to Bolivia & Brazil) 
     
     
641. Taygetis virgilia ______ (D1:47)
     (Mexico to Brazil) 
     
     
642. Taygetis celia ______ (D1:47)
     (Nicaragua to Bolivia & Brazil) 
     
     
643. Taygetis xenana ______ (D1:47)
     (Costa Rica to the Amazon Basin)  
     
     
644. Taygetis kerea ______ (D1:47)
     (Guatemala to Paraguay)
     
     
645. Taygetis andromeda ______ (D1:48)
     (Mexico thru Central & South America)
     
     
646. Taygetis penelea ______ (D1:48)
     (Costa Rica to the Amazon Basin) 
     
     
647. Taygetis banghassi ______ (D1:50)
     (Costa Rica, locally & Bolivia)
     
     
648. Taygetis sylvia ______ ARne
     Silvia
     
     
649. Taygetis rufomarginata ______ ARne
     Reddish
     
     
650. Taygetis acuta ______ ARne
     Pointed
     
     
651. Taygetis ypthima ______ ARne
     Hook-shaped
     
     
652. Taygetis laches marginata ______ ARne
     Andromeda
     (subspecies: ne AR)
     
     
653. Megeuptychia antonoe ______ (D1:48)
     (Mexico to Amazon Basin)
     
     
654. Euptychia hermes (probably more than one species involved) ______
     Grass Nymph
     (throughout Central & South America) 
     
     
     Genus CISSIA  (butterflies in this genus were formerly all placed in Euptychia)  
      
     
655. Cissia alcinoe ______ (D1:41)
     (Costa Rica to Bolivia)
     
     
656. Cissia calixta ______ (D1:41)
     (Costa Rica to Ecuador)
     
     
657. Cissia hermes ______ (D1:41)
     (Mexico thru the American tropics)  
     
     
658. Cissia polyphemus ______ (D1:41)
     (Costa Rica to Ecuador)
     
     
659. Cissia tiessa ______ (D1:48)
     (Nicaragua to Ecuador)
     
     
660. Cissia labe ______ (D1:48)
     (Mexico to Ecuador)
     
     
661. Cissia palladia ______ (D1:48)
     (Nicaragua to Brazil, also Trinidad)
     
     
662. Cissia terrestris ______ (D1:48)
     (Nicaragua to the Amazon Basin)
     
     
663. Cissia libye ______ (D1:48)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin)
     
     
664. Cissia metaleuca ______ (D1:48)
     (Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
665. Cissia hesione ______ (D1:48)
     (Mexico to Ecuador)
     
     
666. Cissia renata ______ (D1:48)
     (Mexico to Ecuador)
     
     
667. Cissia thobiei ______ ARne
     Cisea
     
     
668. Megeuptychia antonoe ______ (D1:48)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin)
     
     
669. Pedaliodes perperna ______ (D1:49)
     (Costa Rica to Venezuela)
     
     
670. Pedaliodes manis ______ (D1:49)
     (Costa Rica to Venezuela) 
     
     
     Family HESPERIIDAE: SKIPPERS 
     (A very large family (3,000 species throughout the world) of stout-bodied short-winged butterflies that resemble day-flying moths. The adult butterfly's flight resembles a 'skipping' motion when going from flower to flower. Their forewings are closed above their back when they are settled.)
     Just some of the Skippers in the Neotropics are noted below.
     
     
671. Phocides pigmalion hewitsonius ______ ARne (K:267) (P:39)
     Mangrove Skipper
     (Mexico to Argentina, also Florida & West Indies) (subspecies: ne AR)
     
     
672. Phocides palemon (formerly polybius) ______ (C:253) (K:267) (P:39) (S:42)
     Guava Skipper
     (with a striking plumage, feeds on Guava and related species) 
     
     
673. Phocides charon ______ ARne
     Charon
     
     
674. Phocides polybius phanius ______ ARne
     Phanias
     (subspecies: ne AR)
     
     
675. Proteides mercurius ______ (K:273) (P:39) 
     Mercurial Skipper
     (Mexico to Argentina, and West Indies. Strays north to southern US.) 
     
     
676. Epargyreus edxadeus ______ (K:273) (P:text) 
     Broken Silverdrop (or Exadeus Skipper)
     (Mexico to Argentina)
     
     
677. Polygonus leo ______ (K:267) (P:39) 
     Hammock Skipper
     (Mexico to Argentina, also Florida & West Indies)
     
     
678. Polygonus manueli ______ (P:text)
     Manuel's Skipper
     (Mexico to Argentina, and West Indies)
     
     
679. Chioides catillus ______ (C:377) (K:271) (P:39) 
     White-striped Longtail
     (south Texas to Argentina, and West Indies (Jamaica)) 
     
     
680. Chioides zilpa ______ (K:271) (P:39) 
     Zilpa Longtail
     (Mexico to Ecuador)
     
     
681. Aguna asander ______ (K:273) (P:39) 
     Gold-spotted Aguna
     (Mexico to Argentina, and West Indies)
     
     
682. Aguna claxon ______ (P:text)
     Emerald Green Aguna
     (Mexico to Venezuela)
     
     
683. Aguna metophis ______ (K:273) (P:39) 
     Tailed Aguna
     (Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
684. Typhedanus undulatus ______ (K:271) (P:39) 
     Mottled Longtail
     (Mexico to Argentina)
     
     
685. Polythrix octomaculata ______ (K:271) (P:39) 
     Eight-spotted Longtail (or Polythrix)
     (Mexico to Argentina, also Haiti) 
     
     
     Genus URBANUS: LONG-TAILED SKIPPERS
     
     
686. Urbanus proteus ______ (K:269) (P:39) (S:36)
     (Common) Long-tailed Skipper
     (south Texas to Argentina, also Florida & West Indies)
     
     
687. Urbanus pronus ______ (P:text)
     Short-tailed Green Longtail
     (Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
688. Urbanus esmeraldus ______ (P:text)
     Esmeralda Longtail 
     (Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
689. Urbanus dorantes ______ (K:269) (P:39)
     Dorantes Longtail (or Skipper)
     (south Texas to Argentina, also Florida & West Indies)
     
     
690. Urbanus teleus ______ (K:269) (P:39)
     Teleus Longtail 
     (south Texas to Argentina)
     
     
691. Urbanus tanna ______ (P:text)
     Tanna Longtail
     (Mexico to French Guiana & Ecuador)
     
     
692. Urbanus simplicius ______ (P:text)
     Plain Longtail
     (Mexico to Argentina)
     
     
693. Urbanus procne ______ (K:269) (P:39)
     Brown Longtail
     (south Texas to Argentina, strays elsewhere in sw US)
     
     
694. Urbanus doryssus ______ (P:39)
     White-tailed Skipper
     (Mexico to Argentina)
     
     
     Genus ASTRAPTES: FLASHERS
     
695. Astraptes fulgerator ______ (K:279) (P:39)
     Two-barred Flasher (or Flashing Astraptes)
     (south Texas (mostly Rio Grande Valley) to Argentina)
     
     
696. Astraptes egregius ______ (K:279) (P:text)
     Small-spotted (or Green) Flasher
     (Mexico to Ecuador, rarely north to southern Texas)
     
     
697. Astraptes alardus ______ (K:279) (P:text)
     Frosted (or White) Flasher
     (Mexico to Argentina, also Cuba, rarely north to southern Texas)
     
     
698. Astraptes anaphus ______ (K:279) (P:text)
     Yellow-tipped (or Yellow) Flasher
     (Mexico to Argentina, rarely north to southern Texas)
     
     
     GENUS ACHALARUS: HOARY EDGES
     
     
699. Dyscophellus euribates ______ (P:text)
     Euribates Skipper
     (Costa Rica to Brazil, rarely north to Texas)
     
     
700. Spathilepia clonius ______ (K:277) (P:40)
     Falcate Skipper
     (south Texas & Mexico to Argentina) 
     
     
701. Cogia calchas ______ (K:265) (P:40)
     Mimosa (or Calchas) Skipper
     (south Texas to Argentina)
     
     
702. Cogia hippalus______ (K:259) (P: text)
     Acacia Skipper 
     (southwest US to Brazil)
     
     
703. Arteurotia tractipennis ______ (P:text)
     Arteurotia Skipper
     (northern Mexico to Bolivia, strays to far-southern Texas)
     
     
704. Nisoniades rubescens ______ (K:275) (P:text)
     Purplish-black Skipper
     (north Mexico to Brazil, strays to far-southern Texas) 
     
     
705. Pellicia dimidiata ______ (P:text)
     Morning Glory Pellicia
     (north Mexico to Argentina)
     
      
706. Gorgythion begga ______ (K:275) (P:text)
     Variegated (or Begga) Skipper
     (Mexico to Argentina, strays to far-southern Texas)
     
     
707. Sostrata bifasciata ______ (P:text)
     Blue-studded Skipper
     (Mexico to Argentina, rare stray to far-southern Texas)
     
     
708. Carrhenes canescens ______ (K:295) (P:40)
     Hoary Skipper
     (south Texas to Argentina)
     
     
709. Xenophanes tryxus ______ (K:295) (P:41)
     Glassy-winged Skipper
     (north Mexico to Argentina, periodically in far-south Texas)
     
     
     Genus SYSTASEA: POWDERED SKIPPERS
     
     
710. Achlyodes thraso (formerly mithridates) ______ (C:251) (K:275) (P:40)
     Sickle-winged Skipper
     (south Texas to Argentina, also West Indies)
     
     
711. Grais stigmatica ______ (K:277) (P:41)
     Hermit (Skipper)
     (Mexico to Argentina, periodic stray into North America - Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas)  
     
     
712. Chiomara asychis ______ (K:295) (P:41)
     White-patched (or Asychis) Skipper
     (south Texas to Argentina, also West Indies)
     
     
713. Gesta (previously Erynnis) gesta ______ (K:287) (P:41)
     False Dusky Wing
     (south Texas to Argentina, also West Indies)
     
     
      
     Genus ERYNNIS: TRUE DUSKY WINGS
     
     
714. Erynnis funeralis ______ (K:281) (P:41)
     Funereal Dusky Wing
     (southwest US to Argentina, wanders further north)
     
     
     Genus PYRGUS: CHECKERED SKIPPERS
     
      
715. Pyrgus communis ______ (C:235) (K:289) (P:42)
     (Common) Checkered-Skipper
     (US to Argentina)
     
     
716. Pyrgus oileus ______ (K:289) (P:42)
     Tropical Checkered Skipper
     (southern US to Argentina)
     
     
     Genus HELIOPETES: LARGE WHITE SKIPPERS
     
     
717. Heliopyrgus (formerly Heliopetes) domicella ______ (K:293) (P:42)
     Erichson's (White-)Skipper
     (northern Mexico to Argentina, strays into US) 
     
     
718. Heliopetes laviana ______ (K:293) (P:42)
     Laviana (White-)Skipper
     (south Texas to Argentina, strays into Arizona & cent Texas)
     
     
719. Heliopetes macaira ______ (K:293) (P:42)
     Turk's-Cap White Skipper (or Macaira Skipper)
     (south Texas to Paraguay)
     
     
     Subfamily HESPERIINAE: BRANDED SKIPPERS
     (this group is comprised of more than 2,000 species worldwide) 
     
     
720. Synapte malitiosa ______ (K:309) (P:42)
     Malicious (Shady) Skipper
     (far-southern Texas to southern Brazil & Paraguay, also Cuba) 
     
     
721. Synapte salenus ______ (P:text)
     Salenus Skipper
     (north Mexico to Bolivia, rare stray to Texas) 
     
     
722. Corticea corticea ______ (K:311) (P:42)
     Redundant Skipper
     (Mexico to southern Brazil, rare stray to south Texas)
     
      
     
     Genus NASTRA: SWARTHY SKIPPERS
     
      
723. Cymaenes tripunctus ______ (K:309) (P:43)
     Three-spotted Skipper
     (central Mexico to Paraguay, also south Florida & West Indies) 
     
     
724. Cymaenes odilia ______ (K:309) (P:43)
     Fawn-spotted Skipper 
     (north Mexico to Argentina, rarely strays to south Texas)
     
     
725. Lerema liris ______ (P:text)
     Liris Skipper
     (Mexico to Peru, strays to far-southern Texas) 
     
     
726. Vettius fantasos ______ (P:text)
     Fantastic Skipper
     (north Mexico to Paraguay, strays to far-southern Texas)
     
     
727. Perichares philetes ______ (K:357) (P:text)
     Green-backed Ruby-eye (or Skipper)
     (north Mexico to Paraguay, also West Indies, and strays to far-southern Texas)
     
     
728. Rhinthon osca ______ (P:text)
     Osca Skipper
     (north Mexico to Ecuador, also West Indies, periodically strays to far-southern Texas)
     
     
729. Conga chydaea ______ (K:311) (P:text)
     Hidden-ray (or Chydea) Skipper
     (Mexico to Argentina, rare stray to far-southern Texas)
     
     
730. Hylephila phyleus ______ (K:303) (P:44)
     Fiery Skipper
     (southern US to Argentina, wanders north in US)
     
     
731. Polites vibex ______ (K:303) (P:44)
     Whirlabout
     (southeast US to Argentina, also West Indies)
     
     
732. Wallengrenia otho ______ (K:327) (P:45)
     (Southern) Broken Dash
     (southeast US to Argentina, also West Indies)
     
     
733. Atalopedes campestris ______ (K:303) (P:46)
     Sachem
     (southern US to Brazil)
     
     
734. Mellana eulogius ______ (P:46)
     Eulogius Skipper
     (north Mexico to Paraguay, periodically strays to far-south Texas)
     
     
735. Lerodea eufala ______ (K:353) (P:48)
     Eufala Skipper
     (southern US to southern Argentina, also Cuba)
     
     
736. Calpodes ethlius ______ (K:357) (P:48) (S:44)
     Brazilian Skipper (also called the Canna Skipper, as it is common in gardens where Cannas are grown, on which the larva feeds)
     (southern US to Argentina, also West Indies)
     
     
737. Panoquina panoquinoides ______ (K:355) (P:48)
     Obscure Skipper
     (southern US to Peru, also West Indies)
     
     
738. Panoquina ocola ______ (K:355) (P:48)
     Ocola Skipper
     (southern US to Paraguay, also West Indies)
     
     
739. Panoquina hecebola ______ (K:355) (P:48)
     Hecebolus Skipper
     (north Mexico to Paraguay, regular stray to far-southern Texas) 
     
     
740. Panoquina sylvicola ______ (K:357) (P:48)
     Purple-washed (or Sylvicola) Skipper
     (north Mexico to Argentina, also West Indies, and regular stray to south Texas)
     
     
741. Panoquina fusina ______ (K:357) (P:48)
     Evans' Skipper
     (central Mexico to Paraguay, also Jamaica; periodic stray to far-southern Texas)
     
     
742. Nyctelius nyctelius ______ (K:357) (P:48)
     White-banded (or Nyctelius) Skipper
     (Mexico to Argentina, also West Indies; periodic stray to south Texas)
     
     
743. Thespieus macareus ______ (K:357) (P:48)
     Chestnut-marked (or Variegated) Skipper
     (central Mexico to Venezuela, occasional stray to far-southern Texas)