Central America Butterflies and Moths during Focus On Nature Tours

PO Box 9021, Wilmington, DE 19809, USA
E-mail: font@focusonnature.com
Phone: Toll-free in USA 1-800-721-9986
or 302/529-1876

Part 4 of a List of selected

Central America
Butterflies
and Moths

Noting those during
Focus On Nature Tours

in Belize
Costa Rica
Guatemala
Honduras
Panama

(with tours in the months of: January,
February, March, April, July, December)

A List of Central American Butterflies in 5 Parts, compiled by Armas Hill

In the following Part #4: Brushfoots (Nymphalidae)

Including, here, photographs of: Two-spotted Prepona, Turquoise Emperor, Small Beauty,
Orion Cecropian, Red Rim, Gray Cracker, Red Cracker, Florida Purplewing, Ruddy Daggerwing,
Stoplight Catone, Pointed Sister, Malachite, Rusty-tipped Page, White Peacock, Banded Peacock,
Buckeye, Painted Lady, American Lady, Bordered Patch, Crimson Patch, Rosita Patch,
Phaon Crescent, Texan Crescent, Gulf Fritillary, Julia Heliconian, Heart-spotted Heliconian,
Erato Heliconian, Zebra Heliconian, Variegated Fritillary, Mexican Fritillary, Monarch, Queen,
Thick-tipped Greta, Blue Morpho, Yellow-fronted Owl Butterfly, Yellow-edged Giant-Owl

Among the Butterfly groupings that follow, links to:

Leaf Butterflies: subfamily Charaxinae

Crackers: genus Hamadryas

Daggerwings: genus Marpesia

"Eighty-Eight" Butterflies: genera Diaethria & Callicore

Sisters: genus Adelpha

Patches: genus Chlosyne

Peacocks: genus Anartia

Lady Butterflies: genus Vanessa

Crescents: including genera Phyciodes & Anthranassa

Longwings: subfamily Heliconiinae

Milkweed Butterflies: subfamily Danainae

Morphos: subfamily Morphidae

Owl Butterflies: genus Caligo & others

Clearwing Butterflies: subfamily Ithomiinae

Satyrs: subfamily Satyrinae

Links to other Butterfly groupings:

Part #1 - Swallowtails (Papilionidae)

Part #2 - Whites, Yellows, Sulphurs, Marbles (Pieridae)

Part #3 - Hairstreaks, Blues (Lycaenidae) & Metalmarks (Riodinidae)

Part #5 - Skippers (Hesperiidae)

A beautiful pupae in Central America,
not identified,
but possibly of an ITHOMIINAE butterfly

Codes relating to illustrations in various books:

Numbers noted as (AZ:xx) refer to pages in "Butterflies of Arizona - A Photographic Guide", by Bob Stewart, Priscilla Brodkin, & Hank Brodkin

Numbers noted as (BMCR:xx) refer to plates in "Butterflies and Moths of Costa Rica" by Isidro Chacon & Jose Montero

Numbers noted as (C:xx) refer to pages in "A World of Butterflies", with text by Brian Cassie, and photographs (superb) by Kjell Sandved

Numbers noted as (D1:xx) refer to plates in "The Butterflies of Costa Rica and their Natural History (Volume 1): Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae", by Philip J. DeVries

Numbers noted as (F:xx) refer to pages in "The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Butterflies", by Dr. John Feltwell

Numbers noted as (K:xx) refer to pages in the "Kaufman Focus Guide to Butterflies of North America", by Jim Brock & Kenn Kaufman

Numbers noted as (MCA:xxx) refer to pages in "A Swift Guide to the Butterflies of Mexico and Central America", by Jeffrey Glassberg

Numbers noted as (PE:xx) refer to plates in the "Peterson Field Guides to Eastern Butterflies", by Paul Opler & Vichai Malikul, 1998 edition. Those noted as (PEp:xx) refer to a page with a photograph.

Numbers noted as (PW:xx) refer to plates in the "Peterson Field Guide to Western Butterflies", by Paul Opler & illustrated by Amy Bartlett Wright, 1999 edition. Those noted as (PWp:xx) refer to a page with a photograph.

Numbers noted as (S:xx) refer to pages in the "Smithsonian Handbook, Butterflies & Moths", by David Carter

Additional Codes:

BZ: in Belize
CR: in Costa Rica
GU: in Guatemala
HN: in Honduras
PN: in Panama

(sl): at Sierra Llorona, in hills on the Caribbean side of Panama

BUTTERFLIES OBSERVED DURING FONT TOURS NOTED BY AN (*) AFTER THE 2-LETTER COUNTRY CODE.

Other Links:

Itineraries for upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours in:
Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, & Panama

Birds during previous tours in:
Costa Rica Guatemala Honduras Panama

A List of Mammals & Other Wildlife in Central America (including Reptiles & Amphibians)

List of Butterflies. Part #4:

          Family NYMPHALIDAE: BRUSHFOOTS
          Cosmopolitan, with subfamilies ranging from 8 to 25, depending upon taxonomic treatment.

          This is the most diverse family of butterflies, with approximately 6,000 known species worldwide.
          Brushfoot butterflies appear 4 rather than 6-legged as their 2 front legs are much reduced.

          Genus AGRIAS

Agrias aedon salvini ______ (D1:13)
Agrias aedon rodriguezi ______ (D1:13) (MCA:118) (subspecies Mexico to Costa Rica)
Great Agrias
(Range: Mexico to Amazon Basin)

Agrias amydon ______ (F:115)
Agrias amydon philatelica ______ CR PN (BMCR:149) (D1:13) (MCA:118) (subspecies from Mexico to Panama)
Agrias amydon smalli ______ (BMCR:149) (a subspecies in Costa Rica)
White-spotted Agrias
(Range: Mexico to Amazon Basin)

Agrias amydon is a powerful flier. It has a number of subspecies and is quite variable. It lives in the rainforest and visits fruit for sugar.

Genus PREPONA: South & Central American butterflies of which the total number of species is unclear since there are many confusing forms. They have bright blue-green bands on the upperside and, often, large false eyes on the underside. These are butterflies of the rainforest canopy and infrequently come down to ground level. Caterpillars feed on members of the Leguminosae.

Prepona omphale octavia ______ PN (sl) (D1:13) (subspecies in Central America)
(Range: Mexico to Amazon Basin)

Prepona dexamenus ______ (D1:13) (MCA:119)
Least Prepona
(Range: Mexico to Amazon Basin)

Prepona gnorima ______ (D1:13)
(Range: Honduras to Colombia)
Prepona lygia ______ (D1:13)
(Range: Costa Rica & western Panama)
Prepona deiphila diaziana ______ (MCA:119) (subspecies in southern Mexico & Guatemala)
Orange-spotted Prepona
Prepona pylene ______ (MCA:119)
Mottled Prepona

Genus ACHAEOPREPONA

Archaeoprepona phaedra ______ (D1:13) (MCA:118)
Falcate Prepona
(Range: Mexico to Panama)

Archaeoprepona demophon centralis ______ (C:347) (BMCR:149) (D1:14) (MCA:118) (subspecies Mexico to Panama)
One-spotted Prepona
(Range: Mexico to Amazon Basin)

Archaeoprepona demophoon gulina ______ (BMCR:149) (D1:14) (MCA:118) (subspecies in Central America)
Two-spotted Prepona (another name is Silver King Shoemaker)

Two-spotted Prepona

Archaeoprepona camilla camilla ______ PN (sl) (BMCR:149) (D1:14) (MCA:119) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Straw Prepona
(Range: Nicaragua to Colombia)

Archaeoprepona meander ______ (D1:14) (MCA:118) (S:119) (subspecies Mexico to Colombia)
Three-toned Prepona (another name is Banded King Shoemaker)
(Range: Mexico to the Amazon Basin)

In flight, the Three-toned Prepona, or the Banded Wing Shoemaker, makes a crackling sound.
Archaeoprepona amphimachus amphiktion ______ CR (BMCR:149) (D1:14) (MCA:118) (subspecies Mexico to Colombia)
White -spotted Prepona

Genus SIDERONE: These butterflies have red flashes on their elliptical forewings and leaf-like undersides.

Siderone syntyche ______ (D1:13) (MCA:123)
Red-patched Leafwing
(Range: Mexico to Costa Rica)

Siderone marthesis ______ (D1:13)
(Range: Mexico to Brazil)
Siderone galanthis ______ (MCA:123)
Red-and-black Leafwing

Genus ZARETIS

Zaretis callidryas ______ (D1:14) (MCA:122)
Ghost Leafwing
(Range: Mexico to Panama)

Zaretis ellops ______ (D1:14) (MCA:122)
Holey Leafwing
(Range: Mexico to Colombia)

Zaretis itys ______ (D1:14) (MCA:122)
Skeletonized Leafwing
(Range: southern Mexico to Brazil)
Zaretis isidora ______ (MCA:122)
Cramer's Leafwing

Genus HYPNA: A single species that has swallowtail-shaped wings and a tail.

Hypna clytemnestra ______ (F:163) (MCA:123)
Hypna clytemnestra clytemnestra ______ (D1:15) (subspecies from Nicaragua to Brazil)
Jazzy Leafwing
(Range: Mexico to Amazon Basin)

Genus CONSUL

Consul fabius cecrops ______ (D1:15) (MCA:123) (subspecies from Mexico to Bolivia)
Tiger Leafwing
(Range: Mexico to Amazon Basin)

Consul panariste jansoni ______ PN (sl) (D1:15) (MCA:123) (subspecies from Guatemala to Panama)
Tricolored Leafwing
(Range: Guatemala to Colombia)

Consul electra ______ (D1:15) (MCA:123)
Pearly Leafwing
(Range: Mexico to Panama)
Consul excellens ______ (MCA:123)
Black-veined Leafwing

Subfamily CHARAXINAE: LEAF BUTTERFLIES

Genus ANAEA: These Central & South American butterflies are called LEAFWINGS since the undersides of the wings are leaf-like and help to disguise the butterfly when it settles on the ground. Some species are dimorphic. These butterflies are similar in behavior to the African genus CHARAXES.

Anaea aidea ______ (AZ:207) (C:271) (D1:16) (K:221) (MCA:121) (PE:25)
Tropical Leafwing
(Range: Mexico to northwest Costa Rica)

Anaea (or Fountainea) glycerium glycerium ______ (BMCR:150) (MCA:121) (PE:25) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Angled Leafwing
(Range: Mexico to northern South America)

Anaea pithyusa ______ (K:221) (PE:25)
Pale-spotted Leafwing (or Blue Leafwing)
(Range: Mexico to Bolivia)

Genus or Subgenus MEMPHIS: BLUE LEAFWINGS
About 100 species, which occur in Central America. They resemble the genus ANAEA, to which they are closely related. In fact, by most, they are now considered to be within ANAEA.
These butterflies have crytic undersides that are leaf-like. They reside in the forest, and are powerful fliers.

Anaea (or Memphis) titan peralta ______ (D1:15) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
(Range: Costa Rica to Peru)

Anaea (or Memphis) ryphea ryphea ______ PN (sl) (D1:15) (MCA:120) (subspecies from Mexico to Peru)
Blue-barred Leafwing
(Range: Mexico to Amazon Basin)

Anaea (or Fountainea) (formerly Memphis) eurypyle confusa ______ CR, PN (sl) (BMCR:150) (D1:15) (MCA:120) (subspecies from Mexico to Panama)
Pointed Leafwing
(Range: Mexico to Bolivia)

Anaea (or Fountainea) (formerly Memphis) halice chrysophana ______ PN (sl) (BMCR:150) (D1:15) (MCA:120) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Pear-winged Leafwing
(Range: Costa Rica & Panama)

Anaea (or Memphis) glycerium ______ (D1:16)
(Range: Mexico to Colombia)

Anaea (or Memphis) ambrosia ______ (BMCR:150) (D1:16)
(Range: Costa Rica & Panama)

Anaea (or Memphis) aureola ______ CR PN (sl) (BMCR:151) (D1:16) (F:181) (MCA:128)
Aureole Leafwing
(Range: Guatemala to Colombia)

Anaea (or Memphis) lankesteri ______ (D1:16)
(Range: Costa Rica, endemic)

Anaea (or Memphis) herbacea ______ (D1:16) (MCA:125)
Scarce Leafwing
(Range: Mexico to Costa Rica)

Anaea (or Memphis) beatrix ______ (BMCR:151) (D1:16)
(Range: Costa Rica & Panama)

Anaea (or Memphis) proserpina elara ______ (BMCR:153) (D1:17) (D1:18) (F:182) (MCA:124) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Great Leafwing
(Range: Mexico to Panama)

Anaea (or Memphis) philumena (formerly chaeronea) indigotica ______ PN (sl) (BMCR:151,152) (D1:17) (MCA:124) (subspecies Costa Rica & Panama)
Orange-striped Leafwing
(Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

Anaea (or Memphis) centralis ______ PN (sl) (D1:17)
(Range: Costa Rica & Panama)

Anaea (or Memphis) xenocles ______ PN (sl) (D1:17) (MCA:127)
Corner-spotted Leafwing
(Range: Mexico to Brazil)

Anaea (or Memphis) niedhoeferi ______ (D1:17) (MCA:126)
Wavy-edged Leafwing
(Range: Mexico & Costa Rica, not known in between)

Anaea (or Memphis) arginussa eubaena ______ (BMCR:150) (D1:17) (MCA:125) (subspecies from Mexico to Panama)
Mottled Leafwing
(Range: Mexico to Amazon Basin)

Anaea (or Memphis) moruus boisduvali ______ (BMCR:152) (D1:18) (MCA:126) (subspecies from Mexico to Panama)
Laurel Leafwing
(Mexico to Amazon Basin)

Anaea (or Memphis) lyceus ______ (BMCR:152) (D1:18)
(Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia)

Anaea (or Memphis) laura laura ______ (D1:18) (subspecies from Costa Rica to Colombia)
(Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

Anaea (or Memphis) oenomais ______ PN (sl) (BMCR:152,153) (D1:18) (MCA:126)
Boisduval's Leafwing
(Range: Mexico thru Central & South America)

Anaea (or Memphis) artacaena ______ PN (sl) (BMCR:151) (D1:18) (MCA:126)
White-patched Leafwing
(Range: Mexico to Colombia)

Anaea (or Memphis) mora orthesia ______ (D1:19) (MCA:128)
Godman's Leafwing
(Range: Mexico to Panama)

Anaea (ory Memphis) forreri ______ (D1:19) (MCA:127)
Guatemalan Leafwing
(Range: Mexico to Costa Rica)

Anaea (or Memphis) pithyusa pithyusa ______ (BMCR:153) (D1:19) (MCA:125) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Anaea (or Memphis) pithyusa morena ______ (MCA:125) (subspecies in northern Mexico & Guatemala)
Pale-spotted Leafwing
(Range: Mexico to Bolivia)

Anaea (or Memphis) cleomestra ada ______ (BMCR:152) (D1:19) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
(Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

Anaea (or Memphis) aulica ______ (D1:19)
(Range: Costa Rica & Panama)
Anaea (or Memphis) hedemanni ______ (MCA:124)
Double-banded Leafwing
Anaea (or Memphis) perenna ______ (MCA:125)
Big-spotted Leafwing
Anaea (or Memphis) wellingi ______ (MCA:128)
Olive Leafwing
Anaea (or Memphis) dia ______ (MCA:128)
Shining Leafwing

Genus ASTEROCAMPA
Asterocampa idyja argus ______ (MCA:129)
"Cream-banded" Dusky Emperor

Genus DOXOCOPA: About 30 sexually dimorphic species with males all iridescent blue, green, or purple.

Doxocopa callianira ______ (D1:19)
(Range: Mexico to Costa Rica)

Doxocopa laurentia cherubina ______ PN (sl) (BMCR:164) (D:120) (MCA:130) (S:142) (subspecies from Mexico to Colombia)
Turquoise Emperor (or Sapphire) (another name is Blue-green Reflector)
(Range: Mexico to Argentina)

Doxocopa laurentia and others in this group have brilliant iridescent colors.

A Turquoise Emperor (or Sapphire)
photographed during a FONT tour

Doxocopa clothilda ______ PN (sl) (D1:19)
(Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

Doxocopa pavon theodora ______ (BMCR:164) (D1:19) (K:225) (MCA:130) (PE:24) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Pavon Emperor
(Range: Mexico to Bolivia)

Doxocopa callianira ______ (D1:19) (MCA:130)
Guatemalan Emperor
(Range: Mexico to Costa Rica)

Doxocopa felderi ______ (D1:19)
(Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia)

Doxocopa cyane cyane ______ PN (sl) (BMCR:164) (D1:20) (MCA:130) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Cyan Emperor
(Range: Mexico to Peru)

Doxocopa excelsa ______ (D1:20)
(Range: Nicaragua & Costa Rica)

Doxocopa laure ______ PN (sl) (C:285) (D1:20) (K:225) (MCA:130) (PE:24)
Silver Emperor (or Laure)
(Range: Mexico to Brazil)

Doxocopa plesaurina ______ PN (sl) (D1:20)
(Range: Costa Rica & Panama)

Subfamily LIBYTHEINAE: SNOUTS

Genus LIBYTHEANA: The SNOUT BUTTERFLY has long palps which protrude under the head like a snout. There are about 10 species which occur in South and Central America. They breed on members of Celtis which belong to the elm family, Ulmaceae.

Libytheana carinenta mexicana ______ (AZ:119) (C:281) (D1:20) (F:175) (K:223) (MCA:79) (PE:18)(PW:22) (S:146)
(subspecies in Central America)
American Snout (or Snout Butterfly)
(Range: southern US to Brazil)

Genus TIGRIDIA

Tigridia acesta acesta ______ (BMCR:134) (D1:21) (MCA:116) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Tiger Beauty
(Range: Costa Rica to the Amazon Basin)

Genus COLOBURA

Colobura dirce dirce ______ (BMCR:133) (C:291) (D1:21) (MCA:116) (S:114) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Small Beauty (or The Mosaic)
(Range: Mexico thru Central & South America, also the West Indies)

The Small Beauty, or Mosaic
Colobura annulata ______ (MCA:116)
New Beauty

Genus HISTORIS

Historis odius odius ______ CR(*) (BMCR:134) (D1:21) (MCA:127) (PE :text) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Orion Cecropian (also called Stinky Leaf Wing)
(Range: throughout Central & South America; in North America, a rare stray to Florida)

In Costa Rica, Historis odius occurs in virtually all habitats from sea level up to 1,500 meters.

2 photos of Orion Cecropian

Historis acheronta acheronta ______ (BMCR:133) (C:353) (D1:21) (PW:31) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Tailed Cecropian
(Range: Mexico to the Amazon Basin, also in the Greater Antilles)

Genus SMYRNA

Smyrna blomfildia datis ______ (BMCR:134) (D1:21) (K:225) (MCA:115) (PE:26)(PW:31) (subspecies from Mexico to Panama)
Blomfild's Beauty
(Range: Mexico to Peru)
Smyrna karwinskii ______ (MCA:115)
Karwinski's Beauty

Genus BAEOTUS: totally 2 species with black and white undersides and tooth-like edges to the hindwings.

Baeotus baeotus ______ (BMCR:133) (D1:21) (F:122) (MCA:116)
Graphic Beauty
(Range: Mexico to the Amazon Basin)

Baeotus baeotus is an attractive and rare butterfly in virgin rainforest.

Genus PYCINA

Pycina zamba zelys ______ (BMCR:134) (D1:21) (MCA:115) (subspecies from Mexico to Panama)
Cloud-forest Beauty
(Range: Mexico to Peru)

Genus BIBLIS: A single species. Breeds on Tragia, a species of spurge.

Biblis hyperia ______ PN(*) (C:319) (D1:21) (F:124) (K:215) (MCA:107) (PE:25)(PW:31)
Red Rim
(Mexico to the Amazon Basin, also the West Indies)

Red Rim

Genus HAMADRYAS: Commonly called CRACKERS or CALICO BUTTERFLIES. The mottled calico pattern is on the uppersides of the wings. "Cracker" refers to the sound that the males produce from their abdomens while in flight during interactions with other males and during courting.

Hamadryas glauconome ______ (AZ:369) (D1:21) (MCA:114) (PW:31)
Glaucous Cracker
(Range: Mexico to Costa Rica)

Hamadryas februa ferentina ______ CR(*) PN(*) (BMCR:159) (D1:21) (F:158) (K:217) (MCA:113) (PE:26)(PW:31) (subspecies from Mexico to Brazil)
Gray Cracker (or in some places called The Cracker) (also called Common Calico, in general Crackers are also called Calicos)
(Range: southern US to Brazil)

Hamadryas februa is probably the most common of the 9 Hamadryas species in Costa Rica. It occurs along forest edges. Not at flowers, but at rotting fruit, dung, and mud.

A Gray Cracker photographed during a FONT tour
(photo by Marie Gardner)
Hamadryas feronia farinulenta ______ (C:259) (D1:21) (F:158) (K:217) (MCA:114) (PE:26) (subspecies in Central America)
Variable Cracker (has also been called Blue Cracker)
(Range: southern US to Brazil)

Hamadryas arethusa saurites ______ (S:132)
Queen Cracker

Hamadryas guatemalena ______ GU(*) (D1:21) (MCA:114) (PE:26)
Guatemalan Cracker
(Range: Mexico to Costa Rica)
Hamadryas ipthime ipthimre ______ (D1:21) (MCA:113) (PE:26) (subspecies from Costa Rica to Brazil)
Brownish Cracker
(Range: Mexico to Brazil)

Hamadryas fornax fornacalia ______ (D1:21) (F:158) (MCA:112) (subspecies in Central America)
Orange Cracker
(Range: Mexico to Brazil & Bolivia)

Hamadryas fornax is smaller than other crackers, and with a number of subspecies.
It lives in moist rainforest, where it occurs along trails and rivers.

Hamadryas amphinome mexicana ______ CR(*) (BMCR:159) (D1:22) (F:157) (MCA:112) (PE:26) (subspecies from Mexico to Colombia)
Red Cracker
(Range: Mexico to Amazon Basin)

Hamadryas amphinome lives in rainforests.

Red Cracker (the red is on the other side of the wings)

Hamadryas atlantis ______ (AZ:369) (F:158) (MCA:112) (PW:31)
Black-patched Cracker (also called Dusty Cracker)
(Range: Mexico (mainly western) to Honduras)

Hamadryas atlantis can be found in open dry valleys.

Hamadryas arinome ariensis ______ (BMCR:159) (D1:22) (subspecies from Costa Rica to Bolivia)
(Range: Mexico to Amazon Basin)

Hamadryas laodamia saurites ______ CR(*) (BMCR:160) (C:261) (D1:22) (F:159) (MCA:112) (subspecies from Mexico to Colombia)
Starry Cracker
(Range: Mexico to Amazon Basin)

Hamadryas laodamia has a delightful coloration that is completely different than its allies. It flies in the canopy and in sunny clearings in the rainforest.

Genus PANACEA

Panacea procilla lysimache ______ (BMCR:161) (D1:22) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
(Range: Costa Rica to the Amazon Basin)

Genus MYSCELIA
Myscelia ethusa ______ GU(*) (K:217) (MCA:108) (PE:24) (PWp:336)
Mexican Bluewing (or Blue Wave)
(Range: Mexico to Colombia)
Myscelia cyaniris cyaniris ______ PN (D1:22) (MCA:108) (subspecies from Mexico to Panama)
Whitened Bluewing
(Range: Mexico to Peru)

Myscelia cyananthe ______ (MCA:108)
Blackened Bluewing

Myscelia pattenia ______ (D1:22)
(Range: Guatemala to Costa Rica)

Myscelia leucocyna smalli ______ (D1:22) (subspecies from Nicaragua to Costa Rica)
(Range: Nicaragua to Venezuela)

Genus ECTIMA: CRACKERLET

Ectima rectifascia ______ (D1:22)
(Range: Nicaragua to Panama)
Ectima erycinoides erycinoides ______ (BMCR:158) (MCA:103)
Northern Crackerlet

Genus MESTRA

Mestra amymone ______ (AZ:203) (C:315) (D:22) (K:215) (MCA:107) (PE:25)(PW:31)
Common Mestra (has also been called Amymone)
(Range: southern US thru Central America)

Genus EUNICA: 60 species in Central & South America that live in primary forest.

Eunica tatila caerula ______ (D1:22) (K:215) (MCA:111) (PE:25)(PW:30) (subspecies from Mexico to Colombia)
Florida Purplewing (or Large Purplewing)
(Range: southern US to Amazon Basin, also West Indies)

Florida Purplewing

Eunica monima modesta ______ (AZ:369) (D1:22) (K:215) (MCA:111) (PE:25)(PW:30)
Dingy Purplewing
(Range: US & Mexico thru Central & South America, also the Antilles & Bahamas)

Eunica malvina ______ (D1:22) (MCA:110)
Rayed Purplewing
(Range: Mexico to the Amazon Basin)

Eunica norica norica ______ (BMCR:159) (D1:22) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
(Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia)

Eunica chlororhoa mira ______ (BMCR:159) (D1:22) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
(Range: Costa Rica & Panama)

Eunica caresa ______ (D1:22)
(Guatemala to Peru)

Eunica mygdonia ______ (D1:22) (MCA:110)
Blind Purplewing
(Range: Mexico to the Amazon Basin)

Eunica venusia ______ PN (sl) (D1:23)
(Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

Eunica alpais excelsa ______ PN (sl) (BMCR:159) (D1:23) (MCA:111) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Shining Purplewing
(Range: Mexico to Ecuador)

Eunica alcmena amata ______ (D1:23) (MCA:110) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
Dark Purplewing
(Range: Mexico to Peru)

Eunica augusta ______ (D1:23)
(Range: Mexico to Colombia)

Eunica sydonia ______ (MCA:110)
Plain Purplewing

Eunica caelina ______ (MCA:111)
Mottled Purplewing

Eunica volumna ______ (MCA:111)
Blue-celled Purplewing

Eunica pomona ______ (D1:23)
(Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela)

Genus MARPESIA: DAGGERWINGS: A genus of mostly Central and South American butterflies, but also occurs in Africa. Called "daggerwings" after the long tail on each hindwing. The butterflies, some of which are dimorphic, engage in mud-puddling.

Marpesia livius alcibiades (formerly M. alcibiades) ______ (D1:23) (subspecies in northern Central America: "Brown-banded Daggerwing")
Livius Daggerwing
(Range: Mexico to Brazil)

Marpesia coresia (or zerynthia) ______ (D1:23) (K:219) (MCA:117) (PE:25) (PW:text)
Waiter Daggerwing
(Range: southern US thru Central & South America)
Marpesia merops ______ CR(*) (BMCR:160) (D1:23) (MCA:117)
Dappled Daggerwing
(Range: Guatemala thru Central & South America)

Marpesia berania ______ CR(*) PN(*) (C:275) (D1:23) (MCA:117)
Guatemalan Daggerwing
(Range: Mexico thru Central & South America)

Marpesia berania has communal roosts and lives up to 5 months.

Marpesia marcella valetta ______ CR(*) (BMCR:160) (D1:23) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
(Range: Guatemala to Peru)

Marpesia iole ______ PN(*) (sl) (D1:23)
(Range: Nicaragua to Bolivia)

Marpesia petreus petreus ______ CR(*) (AZ:205) (BMCR:160) (D1:23) (F:177) (K:219) (MCA:117) (PE:25)(PW:31) (S:123) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Ruddy Daggerwing (also called Southern Daggertail, and in the West Indies, the Tailed Flambeau)
(Range: southern US thru Central & South America)

Marpesia petreus visits flowers and mud-puddles.

Ruddy Daggerwing

Marpesia chiron marius ______ (AZ:368) (BMCR:160) (C:273) (D1:23) (K:219) (MCA:117) (PE:25)(PW:31) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Many-banded Daggerwing
(Range: southern US, Central & South America, also West Indies)
Marpesia corita ______ (MCA:117)
Orange-banded Daggerwing
Marpesia harmonia ______ (MCA:117)
Pale Daggerwing

Genus DYNAMINE

Dynamine agacles ______ (D1:24)
(Range: Costa Rica to the Amazon Basin)

Dynamine theseus ______ (D1:24) (MCA:103)
White Sailor
(Range: Mexico to Venezuela)

Dynamine salpensa ______ (D1:24)
(Range: Costa Rica to the Amazon Basin)

Dynamine mylitta ______ (D1:24)
(Range: Mexico thru Central & South America)

Dynamine hecuba ______ (BMCR:157) (D1:24)
(Range: Costa Rica, endemic)

Dynamine vicaria (formerly hoppi) gillotti ______ (BMCR:157,158) (D1:24)
(Range: Costa Rica & Colombia)

Dynamine dyonis ______ (D1:24) (K:225) (PE:25)
Blue-eyed Sailor (or Blue-eyed Green Wing)
(Range: Texas thru Central America)

Dynamine artemisia glauce ______ (C:289)
Small-eyed Sailor
(Range: Mexico to Bolivia)

Dynamine glauce ______ (D1:24)
(Range: Mexico thru Central & South America)

Dynamine paulina thalassina ______ PN (sl) (BMCR:158) (D1:24) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
(Range: Mexico to Colombia)

Dynamine chryseis ______ (D1:24)
(Range: Nicaragua to the Amazon Basin)

Dynamine sosthenes ______ (D1:24) (MCA:103)
Nicaraguan Sailor
(Range: Nicaragua & Costa Rica)

Dynamine ate ______ (BMCR:157) (D1:24) (MCA:103)
Little Sailor
(Range: Guatemala & Costa Rica, locally)

Dynamine tithia salpensa ______ (BMCR:158) (PW:text) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Tithian Sailor
(Range: in northern South America in Colombia & Venezuela, but has strayed north to Texas)

Genus TEMENIS

Temenis laothoe hondurensis (formerly agatha) ______ (BMCR:161) (D1:24) (MCA:107) (subspecies from Guatemala to Colombia)
Orange Banner
(Range: Mexico to the Amazon)

Temenis pulchra pulchra ______ (BMCR:161) (D1:24) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
(Range: Costa Rica to the Amazon Basin)

Genus NICA

Nica flavilla canthara ______ (BMCR:160) (D1:24) (MCA:107) (subspecies from Mexico to Panama)
Little Banner
(Range: Mexico to the Amazon Basin)

Subfamily LIMENITIDINAE: ADMIRALS: Adults are often characterized by a flap-and-glide flight.

Genus EPIPHILE

Epiphile adrasta bandusia ______ (BMCR:158) (D1:24) (K:225) (MCA:106) (PE:25) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Common Banner (or Dimorphic Bark Wing)
(Range: Mexico to Panama)

Epiphile grandis ______ (D1:24)
(Range: Costa Rica & Panama)

Epiphile iblis (formerly orea) plusios ______ (BMCR:158) (D1:24) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
(Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)

Epiphile eriopis devriesi ______ GU (BMCR:158) (D1:24) (MCA:106) (subspecies from Nicaragua to Panama)
White-tipped Banner
(Range: Nicaragua to Colombia)

Genus CATONEPHELE

Catonephele mexicana ______ CR PN (sl) (BMCR:156) (D1:25) (MCA:109)
Guatemalan Catone
(Range: Mexico to Costa Rica)

Catonephele numilia esite ______ CR PN (sl) (BMCR:156,157) (D1:25) (MCA:109) (S:139) (subspecies from Mexico to Venezuela, also Trinidad)
Stoplight Catone (or Grecian Shoemaker)
(Range: Mexico to southern Brazil & Argentina)

A Stoplight Catone photographed during a FONT tour

Catonephele chromis godmani ______ (BMCR:156) (D1:25) (MCA:109) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
Cloud-forest Catone
(Range: Honduras to possibly Bolivia)

Catonephele orites ______ (BMCR:157) (D1:25)
(Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)

Genus NESSAEA

Nessaea aglaura aglaura ______ (BMCR:160) (D1:25) (MCA:107) (subspecies from Mexico to Panama)
Common Olivewing
(Range: southern Mexico to Colombia)

Genus HAEMATRA

Haematra pyramus thysbe ______ (D1:25) (subspecies from Nicaragua to Colombia)
(Range: Nicaragua to the Amazon Basin)

Genus CYCLOGRAMMA

Cyclogramma (or Diaethria) pandama ______ (BMCR:157) (D1:25)
(Range: Mexico to Panama)

Genus DIAETHRIA

Diaethria anna ______ (D1:25) (MCA:105) (PW:text)
Anna's Eighty-Eight
(Range: Mexico to Costa Rica)

Diaethria clymena marchalii ______ (BMCR:157) (D1:25) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
(Range: Nicaragua to Brazil)

Diaethria eupepla ______ (D1:25)
(Range: Guatemala to Colombia)

Diaethria astala asteria ______ (MCA:105) (PE:25) (subspecies in Mexico: "Mexican, or Colima" Eighty-Eight)
Diaethria astala astala ______ (D1:25) (MCA:105) (subspecies in Mexico & Guatemala: "Turquoise-spotted" Eighty-Eight")
Navy Eighty-Eight
(Range: Mexico to Colombia)
Diaethria gabaza eupepla _______ GU (MCA:105) (subspecies in Guatemala)
Lipstick Eighty-Eight
Diaethria bacchis ______ (MCA:105)
White-patched Eighty-Eight

Genus CALLICORE

Callicore pitheas ______ CR(*) PN(*) (D1:25) (MCA:104)
Two-eyed Eighty-Eight
Costa Rica common name: "Pink Pura Vida"
(Range: Mexico to Venezuela & Ecuador)

Callicore lyca aerias ______ PN (sl) (BMCR:156) (D1:25) (MCA:104) (subspecies from Guatemala to Panama)
Six-spotted Eighty-Eight
(Range: Mexico to Colombia)

Callicore atacama manova ______ CR PN (D1:25) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
(Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia)

Callicore faustina ______ (D1:25)
(Range; Costa Rica & Panama)

Callicore brome ______ CR (D1:25) (MCA:104)
Four-spotted Eighty-Eight
(Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)

Callicore texa titania ______ (D1:25) (MCA:104) (subspecies from Guatemala to Colombia)
Yellow-rimmed Eighty-Eight
(Range: Mexico to Colombia)

Callicore astarte patelina ______ (BMCR:156) (D1:25) (MCA:104) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
White-stitched Eighty-eight
(Range: southern Mexico to Costa Rica)

Callicore peralta ______ (D1:26)
(Range: Costa Rica & Panama)

Callicore tolima (formerly pacifica) bugaba ______ (BMCR:156) (D1:26) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
(formerly pacifica) bugaba ______ (BMCR:156) (D1:26) (MCA:104) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
Blue-and-orange Eighty-Eight
(Range: Mexico to Panama)

Genus PERISAMA: Over 50 species found mostly in South America, with 2 species in Central America. The butterflies are brightly colored with a large orange splash on the forewing underside and an orange band near the apex. Most are iridescent. They lack the number-like patterns found the hindwing underside of the CALLICORE. They all live in upland rainforest, where they may be abundant. Some species are rare and prized by collectors.

Perisama barnesi ______ (D1:26)
(Range: Costa Rica, endemic)

Genus ADELPHA: In round figures, 70 species and 250 forms and races. These are mostly South American, but also Central American with one species extending north of Mexico. These butterflies are, overall, similar, and can be difficult to identify, with small differences in spots, angles of lines, and colors being significant. Butterflies of this genus are found in most habitats, from sea level to upland rainforest.

Adelpha lycorias (formerly melanthe) melanthe ______ (BMCR:147) (D1:26) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
(formerly melanthe) melanthe ______ (BMCR:147) (D1:26) (MCA:101) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Rayed Sister
(Range: Mexico to Ecuador)

Adelpha ethelda (formerly zalmona) sophax ______ PN(*) (sl) (BMCR:146) (D1:26) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
(formerly zalmona) sophax ______ PN(*) (sl) (BMCR:146) (D1:26) (MCA:101) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
Silver-banded Sister
(Range: Mexico to Colombia)

Adelpha boreas opheltes ______ PN(*) (sl) (D1:26) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
(Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia)

Adelpha salmoneus salmonides ______ (BMCR:147) (D1:26) (MCA:101) (subspecies in Central America)
Golden-banded Sister
(Range: Mexico to Venezuela)

Adelpha leucopthalma leucopthalma ______ (BMCR:146) (D1:26) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
(Range: Nicaragua to Colombia, possibly Peru)

Adelpha zina (formerly justina) lacina ______ (BMCR:147) (D1:26) (subspecies from Guatemala to Colombia)
(Range: Guatemala to Peru)

Adelpha cytherea marcia ______ CR(*) (BMCR:145) (D1:26) (MCA:98) (subspecies from Guatemala to Colombia)
Smooth-banded Sister
(Range: Mexico to the Amazon Basin)

Adelpha cocala lorzae ______ PN(*) (sl) (BMCR:145) (C:277) (D1:26) (MCA:100) (subspecies from Honduras to Panama)
Orange-washed Sister
(Range: Mexico to the Amazon Basin)

Adelpha heraclea ______ (D1:26)
(Range: Nicaragua to Venezuela)

Adelpha boeotia oberthuerii ______ (MCA:100) (subspecies in Mexico & Guatemala)
Adelpha boeotia boeotia ______ (D1:26) (subspecies from Costa Rica to Colombia)
Felder's Sister
(Range: Mexico to the Amazon Basin)

Adelpha erymanthis erymanthis ______ (BMCR:146) (D1:26) (MCA:100) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Godman's Sister
(Range: Mexico to Colombia; in cloud forest)

Adelphia delinita utina ______ (BMCR:145) (D1:50) (MCA:100) (subspecies from Mexico to Panama)
Delineated Sister
(Range: Mexico to Ecuador)

Adelpha basiloides ______ (D1:26) (MCA:97) (PE:text)
Spot-celled Sister (has been called Tropical Sister)
(Range: Mexico to Panama)

Adelpha iphiclus iphiclus ______ (BMCR:146) (D1:27) (MCA:99) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Pointer Sister
(Range: Mexico to the Amazon Basin)

Pointer Sister

Adelpha erotia erotia ______ (BMCR:145) (D1:27) (MCA:100) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Stitched Sister
(Range: Guatemala to Venezuela)

Adelpha lerna aeolia ______ PN (sl) (D1:27) (subspecies from Nicaragua to Panama)
(Range: Nicaragua to the Amazon Basin)

Adelpha phylaca ______ (D1:27) (MCA:100) (subspecies from Mexico to Panama)
Cecropia Sister
(Range: Mexico to Bolivia)

Adelpha naxia ______ (*) PN (sl) (D1:27) (MCA:99)
Three-part Sister
(Range: Mexico to the Amazon Basin)

Adelpha barnesia (formerly ixia) leucas ______ (D1:27) (MCA:99) (subspecies from Mexico to Panama)
Barnes' Sister
(Range: Mexico to Venezuela)

Adelpha leuceria leuceria ______ (BMCR:146) (D1:27) (F:113) (MCA:101) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Orange-striped Sister
(Range: Mexico to Panama)

Adelpha leuceria frequents rain and cloud forests, it will even fly in the mist. Males are encountered mostly, as females remain in the canopy.

Adelpha tracta ______ (BMCR:147) (D1:27)
(Range: Costa Rica & Panama)

Adelpha demialba ______ (BMCR:145) (D1:27)
(Range: Costa Rica & Panama)

Adelpha diocles ______ (D1:27) (MCA:98)
Tailed Sister
(Range: Mexico to Panama)

Adelpha serpa (formerly celerio) celerio ______ (*) PN (sl) (BMCR:147) (D1:27) (MCA:97) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Celadon Sister
(Range: Mexico to the Amazon Basin)

Adelpha fessonia ______ (*) CR (D1:27) (K:213) (MCA:97) (PE:24)
Band-celled Sister (also known as Mexican Sister)
(Range: Mexico to Panama)

Adelpha bredowii ______ (AZ:201) (F:113) (K:213) (MCA:99) (PE:24)(PW:30)
California Sister
(Range: western US to Honduras)

Adelpha bredowii lives in oak woodlands in foothills.

Adelpha iphicleola ______ (MCA:97)
Confusing Sister

Adelpha stilesiana ______ (D1:27)
(Range: Costa Rica)

Adelpha (formerly zea) paraeca ______ (D1:27) (MCA:99) (subspecies from Guatemala to Panama)
Eyed Sister
(Range: Mexico to the Amazon Basin)

Adelpha felderi ______ (D1:27) (MCA:98)
Rusty Sister
(Range: Mexico to Costa Rica)
Adelpha seriphia ______ (MCA:97)
Dentate Sister
Adelpha paraena massilia ______ (MCA:97)
Bates' Sister
Adelpha nea sentia ______ (MCA:98)
Scarce Sister
Adelpha donysa ______ (MCA:98)
Montane Sister
Adelpha pithys ______ (MCA:98)
Pithy Sister
Adelpha malea fundania ______ (MCA:99) (subspecies in Mexico & Guatemala)
Venezuelan Sister
Adelpha milleri ______ (MCA:100)
Cloistered Sister
Adelpha salus ______ (MCA:101)
Lost Sister
Adelpha leucerioides ______ (MCA:101)
Veracruz Sister

Genus PYRRHOGYRA: RED-RINGS

Pyrrhogyra neaerea hypsenor ______ (D1:28) (MCA:103) (subspecies from Mexico to Panama)
Leading Red-ring
(Range: Mexico to the Amazon Basin)

Pyrrhogyra crameri crameri ______ BZ PN(*) (sl) (BMCR:160) (D1:28) (MCA:103) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Cramer's Red-ring
(Range: Nicaragua to the Amazon Basin)

Pyrrhogyra otolais otolais ______ (BMCR:161) (D1:28) (MCA:103) (subspecies from Mexico to Panama)
White-edged Red-ring
(Range: Mexico to Bolivia)

Pyrrhogyra edocla edocia (formerly aenaria) ______ (BMCR:161) (D1:28) (MCA:103) (subspecies from Mexico to Panama)
Complete Red-ring
(Range: Mexico to the Amazon Basin)

Genus HYPANARTIA

Hypanartia lethe ______ (C:279) (D1:28) (MCA:95)
Orange Mapwing
(Range: Mexico to Brazil)

Hypanartia godmani ______ (D1:28) (MCA:95)
Splendid Mapwing
(Range: Mexico to Colombia)

Hypanartia trimaculata autumna ______ (MCA:95) (subspecies in Mexico & Guatemala)
Reddish Mapwing

Hypanartia dione disjuncta ______ (MCA:95) (subspecies in Mexico & Guatemala)
Banded Mapwing

Hypanartia arcaei ______ (D1:28)
(Range: Costa Rica & Panama)

Hypanartia kefersteini ______ (D1:28)
(Range: Mexico to Peru)

Genus SIPROETA: These butterflies in South & Central America, and as far north as the southern US.

Siproeta (or Metamorpha) stelenes biplagiata ______ CR(*) GU(*) PN(*) (sl) (AZ:367) (BMCR:137) (D1:28) (F:202) (K:209) (MCA:96) (P:26)(PW:30) (subspecies in Central America)
Malachite
(Range: southern US to the Amazon Basin, and thru West Indies)

The Malachite is on the wing all year in the tropics, it feeds on fermenting fruit.

Malachite

Siproeta epaphus epaphus ______ CR(*) PN(*) (BMCR:137) (D1:28) (K:209) (MCA:96) (PW:30) (S:136) (subspecies in Central America)
Rusty-tipped Page (or Brown Siproeta)
(Range: Mexico to Peru)

A Rusty-tipped Page photographed during a FONT Tour
in Costa Rica
(photo by Rosemary Lloyd)

Siproeta superba eunoe ______ (D1:28) (MCA:96)
Broad-banded Page
(Range: Mexico to Costa Rica)

Genus ANARTIA: 4 species found in the southern US to Central America, and in the West Indies. These are common butterflies of the tropics. They are swift fliers, and bear some resemblance to members of the CYNTHIA genus.

Anartia amathea ______ (C:311)
Red Peacock
(Range: Panama to Argentina, also: Trinidad & Tobago, Grenada, Barbados, Antigua)

Anartia jatrophae lutepicta ______ CR(*), GU(*), PN(*) (BMCR:137) (C:309) (D1:28) (K:209) (MCA:94) (PE:24)(PW:30) (S:107) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
White Peacock
(Range: southern US thru Central & South America, also West Indies)

Anartia jatrophae is generally found in drier areas than Anartia fatima.

White Peacock

Anartia fatima fatima ______ CR(*) GU(*) PN(*) (sl) (BMCR:137) (D1:28) (K:209) (MCA:94) (PE:24)(PW:30) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Banded (or Brown) Peacock (also called White-banded Fatima, or Fatima)
(Range: southern US to eastern Panama)

In Costa Rica, Anartia fatima is extremely common in disturbed areas such as clearings and fresh second growth, particularly where moist.
Some individuals with yellow bands and others with white bands are found flying together. It was assumed that the color-band difference was polymorphism. But more-recent studies have indicated that the colors are due to age.

Two photographs of Banded Peacocks taken during FONT tours in Guatemala
(upper photo by Marie Gardner; lower photo by Doug Johnson)

Genus JUNONIA: BUCKEYES, a common name from the false eyes that are prominent on the wings. This is a widespread grouping, found in all of the global regions. The precise number of species is unknown, as there is yet more classifying to be done.

A Buckeye
(photo by Doris Potter)

Junonia evarete evarete ______ CR(*) PN(*) (BMCR:137) (D1:28) (F:168) (K:207) (MCA:94) (PE:23) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Mangrove Buckeye (Other names: Smoky Buckeye, Florida Buckeye, West Indian Buckeye)
(Range: southern US thru American tropics)
Junonia genoveva ______ (AZ:193) (K:207) (MCA:94) (PE:23)(PW:30)
Tropical Buckeye (or Genoveva)
(Range: southern US to Argentina)

Genus VANESSA: LADY BUTTERFLIES: A widespread group of strong fliers, sometimes migratory, with bright oranges and reds.

Vanessa atalanta ______ (AZ:187) (F:207) (MCA:93) (PE:23)(PW:29)
Red Admiral
(Range: North America to Guatemala)

The Red Admiral occurs in many open habitats, and breeds on the ubiquitous nettle.

Vanessa (or Cynthia) cardui ______ (AZ:183) (D1:28) (K:205) (MCA:93) (PE:23)(PW:29) (S:141)
Painted Lady
(Range: nearly worldwide, except for Australia and New Zealand)

Painted Ladies
(upper photo by Doris Potter;
lower photo by Howard Eskin)

Vanessa virginiensis ______ (AZ:181) (BMCR:143) (D1:28) (K:205) (MCA:93) (PE:23)(PW:29)
American Lady
(Range: from southern Canada thru North America. In Central America in montane regions. Also in West Indies.)

American Lady
(photo by Doris Potter)

Genus HYPOLIMNAS: Commonly called DIADEM BUTTERFLIES, because of the row of spots around the wings which look like a necklace. Sexual dimorphism is exhibited, and females sometimes mimic DANAID butterflies. These butterflies are found in open sunny areas, villages, glades, and forest edges, and they frequent nectar feeders.

Hypolimnas misippus ______ CR(*) (D1:28) (F:164)
The Mimic (other names: Diadem Butterfly, Six-continent Butterfly, Danaid Butterfly)

Hypolimnas misippus is one of the most widespread butterflies in the world, thanks in part to human history. It is thought to have been introduced to the Americas in slave ships from Africa.
The sexes are completely different, with the male looking like a male Hypolimnas bolina, but with white wing marks. The female has a number of forms with mimic various DANAIDS, resembling Danaus chrysippus of the Old World, with coloration similar to Danaus glippus, the Queen.)

Genus CHLOSYNE: PATCHES (more southern) & small CHECKERSPOTS (more northern). Most species occur in the tropics, where many of them mimic distasteful butterflies.

Chlosyne lacinia lacinia ______ CR(*) PN (sl) (AZ:153) (BMCR:141) (C:265) (D1:29) (K:189) (MCA:82) (PE:21)(PW:26) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Bordered Patch
(Range: the southwest & south-central US to Argentina)

Bordered Patches photographed during a FONT Tour
(photos by Doris Potter)

Chlosyne janais janais ______ CR GU(*) PN (BMCR:140) (D1:29) (K:189) (MCA:82) (PE:21)(PW:26) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Crimson Patch (or Janais Patch)
(Range: Mexico to Colombia)

Crimson Patch

Chlosyne rosita ______ GU(*) (AZ:365) (C:263) (K:189) (MCA:82) (PE:21)(PW:26)
Rosita Patch
(Range: Mexico, periodically south Texas, rarely Arizona, to El Salvador)

A Rosita Patch and other butterflies during a FONT tour in northern Mexico
(photo by Marie Gardner)

Chlosyne melanarge ______ (D1:29) (MCA:83)
Black Patch
(Range: Mexico to Costa Rica)

Chlosyne hippodrome ______ (D1:29) (MCA:83)
Simple Patch
(Range: Mexico to Colombia)

Chlosyne poecile ______ (D1:29)
(Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela)

Chlosyne erodyle ______ (D1:29) (MCA:83)
Guatemalan Patch
(Range: Mexico to Costa Rica)

Chlosyne gaudialis gaudialis ______ (BMCR:140) (D1:29) (MCA:83) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Gaudy Patch
(Range: Guatemala to Panama)

Chlosyne narva bonpland ______ PN(*) (sl) (BMCR:140) (D1:29) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
(Range: Nicaragua to Venezuela)

Genus PHYCIODES: CRESCENTS: North & South American butterflies which often have a speckled and variable pattern. Some species are sexually dimorphic. They live in open sunny meadows and pastures, and visit flowers regularly for nectar. A few species are migratory, but most are not.

Phyciodes vesta ______ (AZ:161) (K:181) (MCA:92) (PE:21 & PEp:256)(PW:27)
Vesta Crescent
(Range: south-central US to Guatemala)

Phyciodes phaon ______ (AZ:163) (F:195) (K:181) (MCA:92) (P:21)(PW:28)
Phaon Crescent
(Range: southern US to Guatemala)

Phaon Crescent
(photo by Marie Gardner)
Phyciodes mylitta ______ (MCA:92)
Mylitta Crescent
Phyciodes tharos ______ (MCA:92)
Pearl Crescent
Phyciodes pallescens ______ (MCA:92)
Mexican Crescent

Genus or subgenus ANTHRANASSA

Phyciodes (or Anthanassa) texana ______ (AZ:159) (F:195) (K:183) (MCA:90) (PE:21)(PW:27)
Texan Crescent
(Range: southern US to Guatemala)

A Texan Crescent photographed during a FONT Tour
(photo by Doris Potter)

Phyciodes (or Anthanassa) tulcis ______ (PW:27) (D1:30) (MCA:90)
Pale-banded Crescent (has been called Tulcis Crescent)
(Range: south Texas to Argentina)

A closely-related species to Phyciodes tulcis is Phyciodes frisia, the Cuban Crescent (PE:21))

Phyciodes (or Anthanassa) drusilla lelex ______ (BMCR:140) (D1:30) (MCA:90) (subspecies from Mexico to Panama)
Orange-patched Crescent
(Range: Mexico thru Central America to western South America)

Phyciodes (or Anthanassa) atronia ______ (D1:30) (MCA:89)
Brown Crescent
(Range: Mexico to Panama)

Phyciodes (or Anthanassa) otanes sopolis ______ (D1:30)
Phyciodes (or Anthanassa) otanes fulviplaga ______ (D1:30) (BMCR:140) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Cloud-forest Crescent
(Range: Guatemala to Panama)

Phyciodes (or Anthanassa) sosis ______ (D1:30)
(Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

Phyciodes (or Anthanassa) crithona ______ (D1:30)
(Range: Nicaragua to Panama)

Phyciodes (or Anthanassa) ardys ardys ______ (BMCR:140) (D1:30) (MCA:90) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Ardent Crescent
(Range: southern Mexico to Colombia)

Phyciodes (or Anthanassa) sosis ______ (D1:30)
(Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

Phyciodes (or Anthanassa) ptolyca ______ (K:183) (PE:21) (D1:30) (MCA:91)
Black Crescent
(Range: Mexico to Venezuela)
Phyciodes (or Anthanassa) nebulosa ______ (MCA:91)
Blurry Crescent
Phyciodes (or Anthanassa) otanes ______ (MCA:91)
Cloud-forest Crescent
Phyciodes (or Anthanassa) dracaena phlegias ______ (MCA:91)
Notched Crescent

Genus THESSALIA

Thessalia erza ______ (D1:29)
(Range: Costa Rica & Panama)

Thessalia (or Chlosyne) theona ______ GU(*) (AZ:145) (C:257) (D1:29) (K:193) (MCA:84) (PE:19)(PW:26)
Theona Checkerspot
(Range: southern US to Panama)

Genus MICROTIA

Microtia elva ______ (AZ:365) (D1:29) (MCA:85) (PW:27) (K:183)
Elf
(Range: southern US to Costa Rica)

Genus TEGOSA

Tegosa anieta cluvia ______ (MCA:88) (subspecies in Mexico & Guatemala)
Tegosa anieta anieta ______ (BMCR:141) (D1:29) (MCA:88) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Black-bordered Tegosa
(Range: Mexico to Venezuela, also Trinidad)

Tegosa nigrella ______ (D1:29)
Dark Tegosa
(Range; Guatemala & Costa Rica, locally)
Tegosa guatemalena ______ (MCA:88)
Guatemalan Tegosa

Genus ERESIA

Eresia nigripennis ______ (D1:29)
(Range: Costa Rica & possibly Panama)

Eresia alsina ______ GU (D1:29) (MCA:86)
Three-banded Crescent
(Range: Nicaragua & Costa Rica)

Eresia coela ______ (D1:30)
(Range: Costa Rica & northeast Panama)

Eresia mechanitis ______ (D1:30)
(Range: Nicaragua to Panama)

Eresia eutropia ______ (D1:30)
(Range: Panama & western Colombia, possibly Costa Rica)

Eresia sticta ______ (D1:30)
(Range: Costa Rica, endemic)

Eresia poecilina ______ PN (sl) (D1:30)
(Range: Costa Rica & Panama)

Eresia clara ______ (D1:30)
(Range: Mexico to Brazil)
Eresia phillyra ______ (MCA:86)
Square-tipped Crescent
Eresia clio ______ (MCA:87)
Creamy Crescent

Genus CASTILIA

Castilia eranites ______ (D1:30) (MCA:86)
Smudged Crescent
(Range: Mexico to Venezuela)

Castilia ofella ______ (D1:30)
White-dotted Crescent
(Range: Guatemala to Venezuela, also Trinidad)

Castilia myia ______ (D1:30) (MCA:87)
Mayan Crescent
(Range: Mexico to Panama)

Castilia fulgora ______ (D1:30)
(Range: Costa Rica, endemic)
Castilia griseobasalis ______ (MCA:87)
Gray-based Crescent

Genus JANATELLA

Janatella leucodesma ______ PN (sl) (BMCR:141) (D1:30)
(Range: Nicaragua to Venezuela, also Trinidad)

Subfamily HELICONIINAE: LONGWINGS

Mostly in the American tropics. Adults of some species are long-lived, and several are distasteful. Various other species mimic the distasteful butterflies of this group.

Genus PHILAETHRIA: 3 South & Central American species which breed on Passiflora.
Philaethria diatonica (formerly dido) ______ CR(*) PN(*) (sl) (BMCR:127) (D1:31) (F:194) (MCA:96) (S:164)
Green Heliconian (or Scarce Bamboo Page)
(Range: Mexico to the Amazon Basin)

The underside of this HELICONID is green divided by a chocolate band. The upperside is a more vivid green, with green bars on all wings, and green spots around the hindwing.
These butterflies generally fly high in the tree canopy, but on occasion descend to drink and take in salts from the damp ground, and females descend to lay eggs.

Genus DIONE: 4 species (depending upon taxonomy) in Central & South America, with one reaching into the southern US. Typically, they have orange uppers with stunning silver marks on the undersides of the wings. They breed on many species of passion flower, Passiflora. They exploit secondary vegetation, and their numbers increase dramatically in areas where there has been rainforest destruction.

Dione moneta poeyii ______ GU(*) (BMCR:125) (C:267) (D1:31) (F:143) (K:155) (PE:19)(PW:23) (subspecies in Central America)
Mexican Silverspot
(Range: southern US thru Central & South America)

Dione juno juno ______ CR(*) (BMCR:125) (D1:31) (MCA:80) (S:161) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Juno Heliconian (or Silver Spot)
(Range: thru Central & South America, also the Lesser Antilles)

Dione juno is closely related to Dryas iulia. It often occurs in the same places as the very similar Gulf Fritillary. and is said to be attracted to red and blue flowers.

Agraulis (or Dione) vanillae ______ CR(*) (AZ:121) (BMCR:125) (C:269) (D1:31) (F:144) (K:157) (MCA:80) (PE:19)(PW:23) (S:160)
Gulf Fritillary (another common name, Silver-spotted Flambeau)
(Range: southern US thru American tropics to South America, also West Indies)

Agrraulis vanillae is a widespread and familiar butterfly that visits gardens to drink nectar.
Its fiery orange upperside is distinguished from that of Dryas iulia by the presence of numerous black dots on the forewing and a silver spotted underside.

Gulf Fritillary
(photo by Howard Eskin)

Genus DRYADULA

Dryadula phaetusa ______ CR(*) (BMCR:125) (D1:31) (MCA:80) (K:155) (PE:19)
Banded Orange Heliconian (or Banded Orange)
(Range: Mexico to Brazil)

A Banded Orange Heliconian photographed during a FONT tour

Genus DRYAS: A single migratory species represents this mostly Central & South American genus.

Dryas iulia moderata ______ CR(*) GU(*) PN(*) (BMCR:125) (C:301) (D1:31) (F:145) (K:157) (MCA:80) (PE:19)(PW:23) (S:159) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Julia Heliconian (or Julia)
(Range: southern US thru American tropics to Brazil, also West Indies)

The uppersides of the elongated wings of Dryas iulia are orange, unmarked but for a conspicuous black blob or band in the cell area of the forewing. The undersides are a very pale brown with small white flashes.
This butterfly visits open sunny and flowery areas (often wet ground), and breeds on the passion flower.

Two photos of Julia Heliconians

Genus EUEIDES

Eueides lineata ______ (D1:31) (MCA:80)
White-dotted Heliconian
(Range: Mexico to Panama)

Eueides aliphera gracilis ______ (BMCR:125) (MCA:80) (D1:31)
Least Heliconian
(Range: Mexico to Brazil)

Eueides procula vulgiformis ______ (D1:31) (MCA:80) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
Nonpassionate Heliconian
(Range: Guatemala to Brazil)

Eueides isabella eva ______ BZ(*) CR(*) (BMCR:126) (D1:31) (K:155) (MCA:80) (PE:20)(PW:23) (S:159) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Isabella's Heliconian (or Isabella, or Isabella Tiger)
(Range: Mexico to the Amazon Basin, also West Indies)

An Isabella's Heliconian photographed during a FONT tour
(photo by Marie Gardner)

Eueides vibilia vialis ______ (D1:31) (MCA:80) (subspecies from Guatemala to Panama)
Acting Heliconian
(Range: Mexico to Brazil)

Eueides lybia olympia ______ (BMCR:125) (D1:31) (subspecies on the Atlantic slope from Nicaragua to Colombia)
Eueides lybia lybioides ______ (D1:31) (subspecies on the Pacific slope in Costa Rica & Panama)
(Range: Nicaragua to the Amazon Basin)

Eueides heliconius ______ (S:161)
Small Flambeau

Eueides heliconius is a miniature replica of Dryas iulia.

Genus HELICONIUS: LONGWINGS: Found principally in Central & South America, reaching into the southern US. There are 15 species in Central America. The larvae feed on members of the passion flower family, Passifloraceae. The adults (the butterflies) are gregarious and have communal roosting spots. Adults feed on pollen, from which they derive amino acids, enabling them to live up to nine months. The butterflies stay very much in the same localities. They are very noticeable and found in all types of habitats.

Heliconius ricini ______ (S:163)
Small Heliconian

Heliconius (or Laparus) doris viridis ______ CR(*) (BMCR:127) (D1:31) (F:160) (MCA:81) (S:162) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Dot-bordered Heliconian (or Doris Butterfly)
(Range: Mexico to the Amazon Basin)

Heliconius (or Laparus) doris is trimorphic, in that it occurs in 3 color varieties. Individuals of either sex can have red, green, or blue coloration, in addition to the basic black pattern with yellow blotches.
The butterfly occurs in forest margins and clearings.

Heliconius ismenius telchinia ______ (BMCR:127) (D1:31) (MCA:80) (subspecies from Mexico to Panama)
Heliconius ismenius clarescens ______ CR(*) (D1:31) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
Tiger Heliconian
(Range: Mexico to Ecuador)

Heliconius hecale zuleika ______ CR(*) (BMCR:126) (D1:31) (F:160) (MCA:81) (subspecies from Nicaragua to Panama)
Heart-spotted Heliconian
(Range: Mexico thru Peruvian Amazon)

Throughout Central & South America, Heliconius hecale has a number of races.
In Costa Rica, it is the most widespread of all the Heliconius species.

Heart-spotted Heliconian

Heliconius melpomene rosina ______ PN(*) (BMCR:127) (C:307) (D1:32) (F:161) (S:162) (subspecies Mexico to Panama)
Postman Heliconian (or the Postman)
(Range: Mexico to Brazil)

Heliconius melpomene is slightly larger than its close relative, Heliconius erato, the Small Postman, with which it often flies..
Many species in the Heliconius genus have forms matching so closely that they very difficult to distinguish.

Heliconius cydno galanthus ______ (BMCR:126) (D1:32) (MCA:81) (subspecies from Mexico to Costa Rica)
Heliconius cydno chioneus ______ CR(*) (D1:32) (subspecies from southeast Costa Rica to Colombia)
Grining Heliconian
(Range: Mexico to Ecuador)

Heliconius pachinus ______ (D1:32)
(Range: Costa Rica & Panama)

Heliconius erato petiverana ______ CR(*) GU(*) PN(*) (BMCR:126) (D1:32) (F:160) (K:155) (MCA:81) (PE:19)
(subspecies from Mexico to Panama)
Erato Heliconian (also called the Small Postman) (another name is Crimson-patched Longwing)
(Range: Mexico to Argentina)

Heliconius erato flies close to the ground, along forest margins and in open areas. It roosts communally at night.

Erato Heliconian

Heliconius sara fulgidus ______ (BMCR:127) (C:305) (D1:32) (subspecies from Guatemala to Panama)
Heliconius sara theudela ______ (D1:32) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
Sara Heliconian (or Small Blue Grecian)
(Range: Mexico to the Amazon Basin)

Heliconius charitonia charitonia ______ CR(*) GU(*) PN(*) (AZ:123) (BMCR:126) (C:303) (D1:32) (F:160) (K:155) (MCA:80) (PE:19 & PEp:234)(PW:23) (S:160) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Zebra Heliconian (or Zebra) (also called Zebra Longwing)
(Range: southern US thru Central & South America, also the West Indies)

Heliconius charitonia roosts in small to large clusters, adults return to the same roost night after night.
The butterfly is very familiar to visitors of butterfly houses as it is easy to rear.

A Zebra Heliconian photographed during a FONT Tour
in Guatemala
(photo by Doug Johnson)

Heliconius hecalesia formosus ______ (BMCR:127) (D1:32) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
(Range: Mexico to Venezuela)

Heliconius clysonymus montanus ______ CR(*) PN(*) (BMCR:126) (D1:32) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
Yellow-patch Longwing
(Range: Honduras to Ecuador)

Heliconius sapho leuce ______ (BMCR:127) (D1:32) (subspecies from Mexico to Costa Rica)
(Range: Mexico to Ecuador)

Heliconius hewitsoni ______ (D1:32)
(Range: Costa Rica & Panama)

Heliconius eleuchia eleuchia ______ (BMCR:126) (D1:32) (subspecies from Costa Rica to Colombia)
(Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)
Heliconius Hortense ______ (MCA:81)
Mexican Heliconian

Genus EUPTOIETA

Euptoieta claudia poasina ______ (AZ:125) (D1:32) (K:157) (MCA:79) (PE:3 & 20 & PEp:235)(PW:23)
(subspecies on Costa Rican & Panamanian mountaintops)
Variegated Fritillary
(Range: Canada thru Central & South America, also the West Indies)

Variegated Fritillary

Euptoieta hegesia hoffmanni ______ CR GU(*) PN (AZ:127) (D1:32) (K:157) (MCA:79) (P:29)(PW:23)
Mexican Fritillary
(Range: southern US thru Central America, also the West Indies)

Mexican Fritillary

Genus ACTINOTE

Actinote leucomelas ______ (D1:32)
Actinote
(Range: Mexico to Panama)

Sometimes in Costa Rica Actinote leucomelas is extremely common due to mass emergences. Females approaching Inga flowers in the canopy are often seen being "dive-bombed" by males.

Actinote anteas anteas ______ (BMCR:130) (D1:32) (MCA:78) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Doubleday's Actinote
(Range: Mexico to Venezuela)

Actinote melampeplos ______ (D1:32)
Bow-winged Actinote
(Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)

Actinote lapitha ______ (D1:32)
Pale Actinote
(Range: Costa Rica & western Panama)

Actinote guatemalena guatemalena ______ (BMCR:130) (D1:32) (MCA:78) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Guatemalan Actinote
(Range: Guatemala to Costa Rica)

Genus ANETIA

Anetia thirza insignis ______ (BMCR:180) (D1:33) (subspecies Costa Rica & Panama)
Cloud-forest Monarch
(Range: Mexico to Panama)

Subfamily DANAINAE: MILKWEED BUTTERFLIES

Genus LYCOREA: a group of HELICONID MIMICS which have long wings, long bodies, and share similar patterns.
Lycorea ilione albescens ______ (BMCR:180) (D1:33) (subspecies in Central America)
Clearwing Mimic-Queen
(Range: Mexico to Brazil)

Lycorea halia (formerly cleobaea) atergatis ______ (BMCR:180) (D1:33) (F:176) (K:155) (PE:27) (S:187) (subspecies from Mexico to Colombia)
Tiger Mimic-Queen (or Large Tiger)
(Range: Mexico to Peru)

The Tiger Mimic-Queen is larger than true HELICONIDS. It occurs in wood and scrub habitats.

Genus DANAUS: ROYALTY: Known also as TIGER BUTTERFLIES. There are representatives in all geographical regions of the world. More species occur in the Old World, but one of the best known butterflies of the New World is D. plexippus, the Monarch. Larvae of this genus feed on members of the milkweed and dogbane families, and render themselves poisonous to predators by storing plant poisons. There are many other butterflies that mimic the toxic members of this genus.

Danaus plexippus ______ CR(*) GU(*) (AZ:225) (BMCR:180) (C:37) (D1:33) (F:143) (K:227) (PE:3,4,27) (S:184)
Monarch
(Range: a truly cosmopolitan species, occurring in North and South America, Australia, and the East Indies.)

The Monarch is a very strong flier with strong migratory tendencies in temperate regions, but not so in the tropics where it is also usually a solitary flier.

A Monarch
(photo by Howard Eskin)

Danaus gilippus thersippus ______ CR(*) GU(*) (AZ:227) (BMCR:180) (D1:33) (F:143) (K:229) (PE:27) (S:183)
Queen
(Range; southern US to Panama)

The Queen is not as heavily marked with black as Danaus plexippus, the Monarch.
Danaus gilippus is not a migrant species.

A Queen
(photo by Howard Eskin)

Danaus eresimus montezuma ______ GU (*) (AZ:229) (BMCR:180) (C:283) (D1:33) (F:142) (K:229) (PE:27)
(subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
Soldier
(Range: southern US to the Amazon Basin, also in the Antilles)

Subfamily ITHOMIINAE: this highly diverse group has been considered as a separate family, or (now by most) as a subfamily of NYMPHALIDAE.

Genus EUTRESIS

Eutresis dilucida ______ (D1:33)
(Range: Costa Rica & western Panama)

Eutresis hypereia theope ______ (D1:33) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
(Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)

Genus OLYRAS: 3 species found in Central & South America

Olyras crathis staudingeri ______ (D1:33) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
(Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)

Olyras insignis insignis ______ (D1:33) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
(Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)

Genus TITHOREA: a Neotropical genus of about 15 species

Tithorea tarricina pinthias ______ (BMCR:184) (D1:34) (F:207) (subspecies from Nicaragua to Panama)
Variable Prestonian
(Range: Mexico to Brazil)

Tithorea harmonia helicaon ______ (C:367) (D1:34) (S:180) (subspecies from Nicaragua to Panama)
Black-fronted Prestonian (or Harmonius Tiger-Clearwing) (also called Tiger Butterfly, or the Tiger)
(Range: Mexico to Brazil)

Genus THYRIDIA

Thyridia psidii melantho ______ (D1:34) (subspecies from Mexico to Panama)
Clapping Ticlear
(Range: Mexico to the Amazon Basin)

Genus MELINAEA: Central & South American butterflies similar in appearance to HELICONIUS. However, they have smaller compound eyes, and androconial hairs between their wings. There are 3 species known in Central America. Butterflies occur in many forested habitats up to 5,000 ft.

Melinaea scylax ______ (D1:34)
(Costa Rica to Colombia)

Melinaea ethra lilis ______ (D1:34) (subspecies from Guatemala to Panama)
(Mexico to the Amazon Basin)

Melinaea lilis imitata ______ (S:181) (subspecies in Mexico)
Melinaea lilis flavicans ______ (F:179)
Melinaea lilis messatis ______ (F:179)
Heliconoid Ticlear (or Mechanitis Mimic) (also called the Army Ant Butterfly)
(southern Mexico to western Panama)

Melinaea lilis has the yellow, black, and orange coloration of the "tiger-stripe" mimicry complex.
It lives in open flowery areas, and visits flowers for nectar.

Genus MECHANITIS

Mechanitis isthmia ______ (S:180)
Common Mechanitis

Mechanitis isthmia flies in bright sunlight, attracted to flowers.

Mechanitis polymnia isthmia ______ CR(*) (BMCR:184) (C:369) (D1:34) (subspecies from Mexico to Panama)
Disturbed Tigerwing
(Range: Mexico to the Amazon Basin)

Mechanitis polymnia frequents more disturbed habitats than most ithomiine butterflies, it is said to fly commonly along the streets of the cities and towns of Costa Rica.

Mechanitis lysimnia labotas (formerly doryssus) ______ (BMCR:184) (D1:34) (subspecies from Mexico to Panama)
(Range: Mexico to Venezuela)

Mechanitis menapis saturata ______ (BMCR:184) (D1:34) (subspecies from Mexico to Panama)
(Range: Mexico to Ecuador)

Genus SCADA

Scada zibia xanthina ______ PN (sl) (BMCR:184) (D1:34) (subspecies from Nicaragua to Panama)
(Range: Nicaragua to Peru)

Genus HYALIRIS: South & Central American butterflies that have characteristic "GLASSY-WINGS".

Hyalyris excelsa decumana ______ (BMCR:183) (D1:34) (subspecies from Costa Rica to Colombia)
(Range: Costa Rica to Peru)

Genus HYPOTHYRIS

Hypothyris lycaste callispila ______ (D1:34) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
(Range: Mexico to Colombia)

Hypothyris euclea valora ______ GU(*) (BMCR:183) (D1:34) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
Common Ticlear
(Range: Mexico to Brazil)

Genus NAPEOGENES

Napeogenes peredia hemisticta ______ (D1:34) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
(Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

Napeogenes tolosa amara ______ (D1:34) (subspecies from Nicaragua to Panama)
Tollhouse Ticlear
(Range: Mexico to Colombia)

Napeogenes cranto paedaretus ______ (D1:34) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
(Range: Costa Rica to Peru)

Genus ITHOMIA

Ithomia bolivari ______ (D1:35)
(Range: Costa Rica & Panama)

Ithomia celemia plaginota ______ (D1:35) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
(Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela)

Ithomia diasa hippocrenis ______ (BMCR:183) (D1:35) (subspecies from Nicaragua to Panama)
(Range: Nicaragua to Colombia)

Ithomia heraldica heraldica ______ CR(*) (BMCR:183) (D1:35) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
(Range: Nicaragua to Panama)

Ithomia patilla ______ (BMCR:183) (D1:35)
Guatemalan Ithomia
(Range: Mexico to Panama)

Ithomia terra vulcana ______ (D1:35) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
(Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia)

Ithomia xenos ______ (D1:35)
(Range: Costa Rica & Panama)

Genus AERIA

Aeria eurimedia agna ______ (BMCR:182) (D1:35) (subspecies from Nicaragua to Panama)
Black-and-yellow Prestonian
(Range: Mexico to Colombia)

Genus HYPOSCADA

Hyposcada virginiana evanides ______ PN (sl) (D1:35) (subspecies from Nicaragua to Panama)
Virginia's Ticlear
(Range: Mexico to Colombia)

Genus OLERIA

Oleria paula ______ PN (sl) (D1:35)
(Range: Mexico to Panama)

Oleria rubescens ______ (BMCR:184) (D1:35)
(Range: Mexico to Panama)

Oleria vicina ______ (BMCR:184) (D1:35)
(Range: Costa Rica & northern Panama)

Oleria zelica pagasa ______ PN (sl) (D1:35) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
(Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)

Genus CALLITHOMIA

Callithomia hezia hezia ______ (BMCR:182) (D1:35) (subspecies from Nicaragua to Panama)
White-leading Ticlear
(Range: Mexico to Colombia)

Callithomia hydra megaleas ______ (D1:35) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
(Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

Genus CERATINIA

Ceratinia tutia dorilla ______ (D1:35) (subspecies from Nicaragua to Venezuela)
(Range: Nicaragua to the Amazon Basin)

Genus DIRCENNA

Dircenna chiriquensis ______ (D1:35)
(Range: Mexico to Panama)

Dircenna dero euchytma ______ CR (BMCR:182) (D1:35) (subspecies in Central America)
Big-bordered Dircenna
(Range: Mexico to Brazil)

Dircenna klugii ______ CR (BMCR:182) (D1:35) (PE:27)
Klug's Clearwing (or Klug's Dircenna)
(Range: Mexico to Panama)

Dircenna olyras relata ______ (BMCR:182) (D1:35) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
(Range: Nicaragua to Panama)

Genus GODYRIS

Godyris zavaleta caesiopicta (formerly sorites) ______ (BMCR:183) (D1:35) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
Variegated Ticlear
(Range: Mexico to Ecuador)

Godyris zygia ______ (D1:36)
(Range: Costa Rica & Panama)

Genus GRETA

Greta oto ______ GU(*) CR PN (D1:36)
Oto Glasswing
(Range: Mexico to Panama)

Greta polissena umbrana ______ (D1:36) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
(Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)

Greta nero ______ CR, PN (sl) (D1:36)
Nero Glasswing
(Range: Mexico to Panama)

Greta andromica lyra ______ (BMCR:182) (C:371) (D1:36) (subspecies from Guatemala to Panama)
Curvy-winged Greta (or Andromica Clearwing)
(Range: Guatemala to Peru)

Greta anette championi ______ (BMCR:182) (D1:36) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Greta anette moschion ______ (subspecies in Mexico)
White-spotted Greta
(Range: Mexico to Panama)
Greta morgane oto _____ GU(*) (BMCR:182) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Thick-tipped Greta
(Range: Mexico & Guatemala)

Thick-tipped Greta

Genus HYPOLERIA

Hypoleria lavinia cassotis ______ (BMCR:183) (D1:36) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
(Range: Mexico to Panama)

Genus PSEUDOSCADA

Pseudoscada timna (formerly utilla) pusio ______ (BMCR:184) (D1:36) (subspecies from Nicaragua to Panama)
(Range: Nicaragua to Colombia)

Genus EPISCADA

Episcada salvinia ______ (D1:36)
Salvin's Ticlear
(Range: Mexico to Panama)

Genus PTERONYMIA

Pteronymia agalla ______ (D1:36)
(Costa Rica & Panama)

Pteronymia artena artena ______ CR(*) (C:375) (D1:36) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
Pointed Clearwing
(Range: Mexico to Peru, also Trinidad)

The Pointed Clearwing is common in many forests, up to 6,000ft. Its larval host plants are woody vines called lianas, common in the tropical canopy.

Pteronymia cotytto ______ GU(*) (D1:36)
Broad-tipped Clearwing
(Range: Mexico to Panama)

Pteronymia donata ______ (D1:36)
(Range: Costa Rica & Panama)

Pteronymia notilla ______ (D1:36)
(Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

Pteronymia fulvescens ______ (D1:36)
(Range: Costa Rica & western Panama)

Pteronymia fulvimargo ______ (D1:36)
(Range: Costa Rica & western Panama)

Pteronymia parva ______ (D1:36)
Four-spotted Clearwing
(Range: Costa Rica & Panama)

Pteronymia fumida ______ (D1:36)
(Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

Pteronymia simplex simplex ______ (D1:36) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
Simple Clearwing
(Range: Mexico to Panama)

Pteronymia lonera ______ (D1:36)
(Range: Costa Rica & western Panama)

Genus HETEROSAIS

Heterosais edessa nephele ______ (D1:36)
(Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia)

Genus ANTIRRHEA: MORPHETS

Antirrhea miltiades ______ (D1:37) (F:118)
(Range: Guatemala to the Amazon Basin)

Antirrhea miltiades often perches, feeds on rotting fruit and fungi.

Antirrhea tomasia ______ (D1:37)
(Range: Costa Rica & western Panama)

Antirrhea pteocopha pteocopha ______ (BMCR:165) (D1:37) (F:119) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
(Range: Costa Rica & western Panama)

Antirrhea pteocopha occurs deep in virgin cloud forest.
Antirrhea philotetes lindigii ______ (BMCR:165) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
White-signed Morphet

Subfamily MORPHIDAE: there are about 150 species of this grouping in tropical Central & South America

Genus MORPHO: Central & South American species which have always caught much attention, as the large, obvious males are a very bright metallic blue.

Morpho deidamia (formerly granadensis) ______
Morpho deidamia polybaptus ______ (BMCR:165) (D1:38) (F:183) (subspecies from Nicaragua to Panama on the Caribbean slope)
Morpho deidamia granadensis ______ (subspecies from Panama to Colombia)
Scarce Morpho
(Range: Nicaragua to Ecuador)

Morpho deidamia is distinguished from other morpho butterflies by having most of its upper wings a light metallic blue with a dark margin (in both sexes).

Morpho helenor (formerly peleides) ______ (F:183) (S:149)
Morpho helenor montezuma ______    BZ(*) GU(*) (MCA:131) (subspecies from east Mexico to Honduras)
Morpho helenor octavia ______ GU(*) (subspecies from southwest Mexico to El Salvador)
Morpho helenor narcissus ______ CR(*) (D1:38) (subspecies from Nicaragua to Panama)
Morpho helenor marinita ______ CR(*) (D1:38) (subspecies from southwest Costa Rica to Panama on the Pacific slope)
Morpho helenor zonaras ______   PN(*) (subspecies in Panama)
Morpho helenor peleides ______ PN(*) (subspecies from Panama to Colombia)
Common (or Blue) Morpho (also called The Emperor)
(Range: Mexico to Venezuela)

Morpho helenor is the most common of the morpho butterflies in Central America.
In Costa Rica, there are 2 forms: One, M. h. narcissus, almost completely iridescent blue above, is found almost completely on the Caribbean side of the country. In the other form, M. h. marinita, on the Pacific side, the blue above is much reduced.
The male has more blue on the upperside than the female. This species is attracted to fermenting fruit.

Common (or Blue) Morpho
Morpho menelaus amathonte _____ CR(*) PN(*)(sl) (BMCR:165) (D1:39) (subspecies from Nicaragua to Panama)
Menelaus Morpho

Morpho polyphemus polyhemus ______ (MCA:131) (subspecies from west Mexico to El Salvador)
Morpho polyphemus luna _____ (MCA:131) (subspecies on east Mexico & Guatemala)
Morpho polyphemus catarina _____ CR(*) (D1:39) (subspecies in Nicaragua & Costa Rica)
White Morpho
(Range: Mexico to Costa Rica)

Morpho theseus justitae ______ (subspecies from southern Mexico to Honduras)
Morpho theseus heraldica ______ PN(*) (sl) (D1:39) (MCA:131) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
Short-tailed Morpho
(Range: Mexico to Peru)

Morpho theseus is pale to brown, but not white or bright blue.

Morpho cypris aphrodile ______ (subspecies in Honduras & Nicaragua)
Morpho cypris bugaba ______ (BMCR:165) (D1:40) (F:182) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
Cypris Morpho
(Range: Honduras to Colombia)

The sexes of Morpho cypris are completely different. The male (most often seen) is a brilliant metallic blue, with a WHITE BAND across the wings, and a series of white spots around the wing. The larger female, that rarely ventures from the rainforest canopy, is above a rich orange-yellow with a brown margin. The undersides of both sexes are brown and white.

Genus CAEROIS

Caerois gerdrudtus ______ (D1:40) (F:127)
Brush-footed Butterfly
(Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)

Caerois gerdrudtus is not common. It lives in the rainforest and breeds in a palm.

Genus CATOBLEPIA

Catoblepia xanthicles xanthicles ______ PN (sl) (D1:44) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
Xanthicles Owl-Butterfly
(Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia)

Catoblepia orgetorix championi ______ (BMCR:169) (C:355) (D1:44) (subspecies in Nicaragua & Costa Rica)
Orgetorix Owl Butterfly
(Range: Nicaragua to Ecuador)

Genus DYNASTOR

Dynastor darius stygianus ______ PN (sl) (BMCR:169) (D1:41) (MCA:132) (subspecies from south Mexico to west Ecuador)
Bromeliad Owl-Butterfly (or Daring Owl-Butterfly)
(Range: Mexico to the Amazon Basin)
Dynastor macrosiris strix ______ (MCA:132) (subspecies from south Mexico to Costa Rica)
Green-eyed Owl-Butterfly

Genus NAROPE

Narope testacea ______ (D1:41) (MCA:132)
Brown Owl-Butterfly
(Range: Mexico to the Amazon Basin)
Narope miner ______
Small Owl-Butterfly
(Range: southern Mexico & Guatemala)

Genus BRASSOLIS

Brassolis isthmia isthmia ______ (BMCR:168) (D1:41) (MCA:133) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
Small-headed Owlet (or Small-spotted Owl-Butterfly)
(Range: Guatemala to Colombia)
Brassolis granadensis granadensis ______ (subspecies from northwest Cost Rica to Ecuador on the Pacific slope)
Colombian Owl-Butterfly

Genus MIELKELLA
Mielkella singularis ______ (MCA:133)
Mayan Owl-Butterfly

Genus OPSIPHANES: 13 species, all with stout bodies, and thick scaled wings

Opsiphanes tamarindi tamarindi ______ (BMCR:170) (D1:41) (MCA:133) (subspecies from Mexico to Panama)
Heliconia Owlet
(Range: Mexico to the Amazon Basin)

Opsiphanes invirae cuspidatus ______ PN (sl) (D1:42) (MCA:133) (subspecies from Honduras to Costa Rica)
Lowland Owlet
(Range: Honduras to the Amazon Basin)

Opsiphanes cassina chiriquensis ______ (BMCR:170) (D1:42) (a subspecies in Costa Rica)
Opsiphanes cassina fabricii ______ (D1:42) (MCA:133) (subspecies from Mexico to Panama)
Split-banded Owlet
(Range: Mexico to the Amazon Basin)

Opsiphanes quiteria quirinus ______ (D1:42) (MCA:133) (subspecies from Guatemala to Panama)
Opsiphanes quiteria panamensis ______ (D1:42)
Scalloped Owlet
(Range: Guatemala to the Amazon Basin)

Opsiphanes bogotanus alajuela ______ (BMCR:170) (D1:43) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
(subspecies in Costa Rica)
Bogota Owl-Butterfly
(Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

Opsiphanes bogotanus alajuela occurs in cloud forests, from 700 to 1600 meters above sea level.
Opsiphanes cassiae ______ (MCA:133)
Linnean Owlet
Opsiphanes boisduvalii ______ (MCA:133)
Orange Owlet

Genus OPOPTEA

Opoptera standingeri ______ (D1:43)
Standinger's Owl-Butterfly
(Range: Costa Rica & western Panama)

Genus SELENOPHANES

Selenophanes josephus josephus ______ (D1:44) (subspecies in Guatemala)
Selenophanes josephus excultus ______ (subspecies in eastern Panama & Colombia)
Josephus Owl-Butterfly
(Range: Guatemala, Panama & Colombia)

Genus ERYPHANIS: 6 species with "owl eyes" in Central & South America. Breeds on bamboo.

Eryphanis (formerly automedon or polyxena) lycomedon ______ PN (sl) (BMCR:169) (D1:44) (S:158) (subspecies from Guatemala to Colombia)
Split-spotted Owl-Butterfly (another name has been Purple Mort Bleu)
(Range: Guatemala to southern Brazil)

Eryphanis lycomedon frequents forest clearings in the late afternoon and at dusk.

Eryphanis aesacus buboculua ______ (BMCR:169) (D1:45) (F:150) (MCA:132) (subspecies from Costa Rica to Colombia)
Double-spotted Owl Butterfly
(Range: Mexico to the Amazon Basin)

Eryphanis aesacus occurs in cloud forest.

Genus CALIGO: OWL-BUTTERFLIES

Caligo telamonius (formerly memmon) ______ (F:128)
Caligo telamonius memmon ______ GU(*) (MCA:132) (subspecies from south Mexico to Nicaragua)
Caligo telamonius menus ______ CR(*) (BMCR:169) (D:146) (subspecies from Costa Rica to Colombia)
Yellow-fronted Owl-Butterfly (other names are Pale Owl Butterfly and Cream Owl Butterfly)
(Range: Mexico to the Amazon Basin)

With a wingspan of 13cm, Caligo telamonius is among the largest butterflies in the world. It is crepuscular, and it lives in agricultural areas, and breeds on Heliconia species and the related banana.

A Yellow-fronted Owl-Butterfly photographed during a FONT Tour
in Guatemala
(photo by Marie Gardner)

Caligo brasiliensis (formerly eurilochus) sulanus ______ CR(*) GU PN (sl) (BMCR:168) (D1:45) (MCA:132) (subspecies from southern Mexico to Panama)
Almond-eyed Owl-Butterfly (or Dark Owl-Butterfly, or Magnificent Owl)
(Range: Mexico to Brazil)

Caligo brasiliensis avoids bright sunlight. It flies in the late afternoon and at dusk, and is attracted to fermenting fruit.

Caligo illioneus oberon ______ (BMCR:168) (D1:46) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
(subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
Dusky Owl-Butterfly (another name is Illioneus Giant Owl)
(Range: Costa Rica to )

Caligo atreus dionysos ______ CR PN (BMCR:168) (D1:46) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
Yellow-edged Giant-Owl (another name is Banded Owl-Butterfly)
(Range: Mexico to Peru)

Yellow-edged Giant-Owl
Caligo oedipus fruhstorferi ______ (MCA:132) (subspecies from southern Mexico to Honduras)
Caligo oedipus oedipus ______ (BMCR:168) (subspecies from Costa Rica to Colombia)
Boomerang Owl-Butterfly (another name is Fruhstorfer's Owl-Butterfly)
Caligo uranus ______ (MCA:132)
Yellow-bordered Owl-Butterfly (or Gold-edged Owl-Butterfly)
(Range: southern Mexico to Honduras)
Caligo oileus scamander ______ (subspecies from Guatemala to Panama)
Oileus Owl-Butterfly

Subfamily SATYRINAE: SATYRS & WOOD NYMPHS - the RINGLETS, a large group represented strongly in Central & South America

Genus HERMEUPTYCHIA

Hermeuptychia sosybius ______ (K:231) (PE:28)
Carolina Satyr
(Range: southeast US thru mainland tropical America)
Hermeuptychia harmonia ______ (BMCR:174)
Hermeuptychia hermes ______ (BMCR:174)

Genus MEGISTRO

Megistro rubricata ______ (AZ:215) (K:231) (PW:36)
Red Satyr
(Range: southwest US to Guatemala)

Genus CITHAERIAS

Cithaerias menander ______ CR (D1:47)
(Range: Mexico to Colombia)

Genus HAETERA

Haetera macleannania ______ PN (BMCR:174) (D1:47)
Angela
(Range: Costa Rica to Panama)

Genus DULCEDO

Dulcedo polita ______ (BMCR:174) (D1:47)
(Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

Genus PIERELLA

Pierella helvina incanescens ______ CR PN (BMCR:176) (D1:47) (subspecies from Nicaragua to Panama)
Pierella Butterfly
(Range: Mexico to Colombia)

Pierella luna pallida ______ (D1:47) (subspecies from Nicaragua to Colombia)
(Range: Mexico to Colombia)

Genus MANATARIA

Manataria hercyna maculata ______ (BMCR:175) (D1:47)
(Range: Mexico to Brazil)

Genus ORESSINOMA

Oressinoma typhla ______ (BMCR:175) (D1:47)
(Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia)

Genus CYLLOPSIS

Cyllopsis hedemanni hedemanni ______ (D1:47) (subspecies from Mexico to Panama)
Tailed Gemmed-Satyr
(Range: Mexico to Panama)

Cyllopsis rogersi ______ (BMCR:174) (D1:47)
(Range: Costa Rica, probably endemic, possibly in Panama)

Cyllopsis philodice ______ (D1:47)
(Range: Costa Rica & western Panama)

Cyllopsis argentella ______ (D1:47)
(Range: Costa Rica & Panama)

Cyllopsis pephredo ______ (D1:47)
Big-spiked Gemmed-Satyr
(Range: Mexico to Panama)

Genus TAYGETIS: About 27 species of BROWNS in Central & South America. With brown or gray upperparts, and with false eyes on the underside. Mostly, they prefer shaded rainforest understory.

Taygetis mermeria excavata ______ (D1:47) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
Great Ur-Satyr
(Range: Mexico to Bolivia & Brazil)

Taygetis virgilia rufomarginata ______ PN (sl) (D1:47) (subspecies in Central America)
Cramer's Ur-Satyr
(Range: Mexico to Brazil)

Taygetis celia keneza ______ PN (sl) (D1:47) (subspecies from Nicaragua to Colombia)
(Range: Nicaragua to Bolivia & Brazil)

Taygetis xenana godmani ______ (D1:47) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
(Range: Costa Rica to the Amazon Basin)

Taygetis kerea ______ (D1:47)
Little Ur-Satyr
(Range: Mexico to Paraguay)

Taygetis salvini ______ PN (sl) (D1:47)
(Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

Taygetis andromeda ______ CR (D1:48)
(Range: Mexico thru Central & South America)

Taygetis penelea ______ (D1:48)
(Range: Costa Rica to the Amazon Basin)

Taygetis zimri ______ (D1:48)
Variable Satyr
(Range: Mexico to Colombia)

Taygetis lineata ______ (D1:48)
(Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

Taygetis banghassi ______ (D1:50)
(Range: Costa Rica, locally & Bolivia)

Genus MEGEUPTYCHIA

Megeuptychia antonoe ______ (D1:48)
(Range: Mexico to Amazon Basin)

Genus EUPTYCHIA

Euptychia hermes (probably more than one species involved) ______ CR(*)
Grass Nymph
(Range: throughout Central & South America)

In Costa Rica, the Grass Nymph is the most common satyrid butterfly.

Euptychia westwoodi ______ (D1:48)
Westwood's Satyr
(Range: Mexico to Panama)

Euptychia jesia ______ (D1:48)
Transgressive Satyr
(Range: Mexico to Colombia)

Euptychia mollis ______ (D1:48)
(Range: Costa Rica & Panama)

Euptychia hilara ______ (D1:48)
Orange-cornered Satyr
(Range: Nicaragua to Colombia)

Euptychia insolata ______ PN (sl) (D1:48)
(Range: Costa Rica & Panama)

Genus CISSIA: Butterflies in this genus were formerly all placed in EUPTYCHIA

Cissia alcinoe ______ PN (sl) (D1:41)
(Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia)

Cissia calixta ______ (D1:41)
(Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)

Cissia hermes ______ (D1:41)
(Range: Mexico thru the American tropics)

Cissia polyphemus ______ (D1:41)
(Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)

Cissia gigas ______ (D1:48)
(Range: Mexico to Panama)

Cissia satyrina ______ (D1:48)
(Range: Mexico to Panama)

Cissia tiessa ______ (D1:48)
(Range: Nicaragua to Ecuador)

Cissia similis ______ (D1:48)
Stormy Satyr
(Range: Mexico to Colombia)

Cissia usitata ______ PN (sl) (D1:48)
(Range: Mexico to Colombia)

Cissia confusa ______ (BMCR:173) (D1:48)
Confused Satyr
(Range: Mexico to Colombia)

Cissia pseudoconfusa ______ (BMCR:173) (D1:48)
Gold-stained Satyr
(Range: Mexico to Panama)

Cissia labe ______ (BMCR:173) (D1:48)
Rusty-spotted Satyr
(Range: Mexico to Ecuador)

Cissia palladia ______ (D1:48)
Butler's Satyr
(Range: Nicaragua to Brazil, also Trinidad)

Cissia joycae ______ (D1:48)
(Range: Costa Rica)

Cissia terrestris ______ PN (sl) (D1:48)
Terrestial Satyr
(Range: Nicaragua to the Amazon Basin)

Cissia drymo ______ (D1:48)
(Range: Costa Rica)

Cissia agnata ______ (D1:48)
(Range: Costa Rica)

Cissia gomezi ______ (D1:48)
(Range: Costa Rica)

Cissia libye ______ (D1:48)
(Range: Mexico to the Amazon Basin)

Cissia metaleuca ______ (D1:48)
(Range: Mexico to Brazil)

Cissia hesione ______ (D1:48)
(Range: Mexico to Ecuador)

Yphtimoides (formerly Cissia) renata ______ (D1:48)
Renata's Satyr
(Range: Mexico to Ecuador)

Cissia gulnare ______ (D1:48)
(Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

Genus CHLOREUPTYCHIA

Chloreuptychia arnaea ______ PN (sl) (D1:48)
(Range: Mexico to Colombia)

Genus MEGEUPTYCHIA

Megeuptychia antonoe ______ PN (sl) (D1:48)
Canopy Satyr
(Range: Mexico to the Amazon Basin)

Genus DRUCINA

Drucina leonata ______ (D1:49) (F:144)
(Range: Costa Rica & Panama) (In cloud forest)

Drucina leonata occurs in cloud forest.

Genus DIORISTE

Dioriste tauropolis ______ (D1:49)
(Range: Mexico to Panama)

Dioriste cothon ______ (D1:49)
(Range: Costa Rica & western Panama)

Dioriste cothonides ______ (D1:49)
(Range: Costa Rica & Panama)

Genus ERETRIS

Eretris hulda ______ (D1:49)
(Range: Costa Rica & Panama)

Eretris suzannae ______ (D1:49)
(Range: Costa Rica & western Panama)

Genus PEDALIODES

Pedaliodes perperna ______ (D1:49)
(Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela)

Pedaliodes petronius ______ (D1:49)
(Range: Costa Rica & Colombia)

Pedaliodes dejecta ______ (D1:49)
(Range: Mexico to Colombia)

Pedaliodes manis ______ (D1:49)
(Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela)

Pedaliodes ereba cremera ______ (D1:49) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
(Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

Pedalioces triaria ______ (D1:49)
(Range: Costa Rica & Panama)

Genus OXEOSACHISTUS

Oxeosachistus hilaria euriphyle ______ (BMCR:175) (D1:50) (subspecies in Costa Rica)
(Range: Costa Rica & Panama)

Oxeosachistus puerta submaculatus ______ (BMCR:176) (D1:50) (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
(Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

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