MAMMALS & OTHER WILDLIFE
in South America

In Argentina, Brazil, Chile,
Ecuador, & Venezuela


Tours during the months of February, 
March, June, July, August, September, 
October, November.  
 

A List compiled by Armas Hill


With South American Mammals 
found during Focus On Nature Tours, 1992 to 2010 
noted with an (*)

There have been 47 FONT Tours in Brazil.
In southern South America, 14 tours in Argentina and 17 in Chile.
In northern South America, 6 tours in Venezuela and 8 in Ecuador. 

UPPER LEFT PHOTO: A GUANACO photographed during a FONT tour in Argentina


Codes:

Threatened Species, designated in CITES:
(t1): critically endangered   
(t2): endangered
(t3): vulnerable 
(ti): threatened (but with status indeterminate)

The above codes with the 2-letter country code below reflects the mammals's status in that country.

(i): species introduced into South America



The following codes with an (*) indicates the mammal seen during a FONT tour (or tours) in that country.  

AR: Argentina
        so: southern Argentina (including Valdez Peninsula)
        tf: Tierra del Fuego
BR: Brazil
        af: Alta Floresta (southern Amazonian)
        am: Amazonia (particulary the area of Manaus) 
        fs: far-southern Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul
        ig: Iguazu
        mn: Minas Gerais
        mt: Mato Grosso & Mato Grosso do Sul (including the Pantanal)         
        se: southeast Brazil (the states of Rio de Janeiro & Sao Paulo)
CH: Chile
        ce: central Chile from the Pacific coast, up into the Andes
        fn: in the far-north in areas of Arica & Lauca National Park  
        tf: Tierra del Fuego
EC: Ecuador 
        az: Amazonian, along the Napo River
        gp: Galapagos 
        we: western Ecuador
PG: Paraguay 
PE: Peru
UG: Uruguay 
VE: Venezuela
         ll: the Llanos

Some local names are in the following list beneath the scientific names, with the above two-letter country codes.

There are 341 species in the list that follows. (More will be added.) 
Of these, 123 species have been found during FONT South American tours.

 
Links:

Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours in Brazil

Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours in Argentina & Chile

Bird-Lists (noting those found during previous FONT tours): 

A Complete List of Argentina Birds (with photos):
Part 1: Tinamous to Flycatchers
Part 2: Antshrikes to Grosbeaks

A Complete List of Brazil Birds:
Part 1: Tinamous to Flycatchers
Part 2: Antshrikes to Grosbeaks

Photos of Brazilian birds are in regional lists:
Mato Grosso
Minas Gerais
Southeast Brazil
Rio Grande do Sul  

Chile (with photos)

Ecuador  (with photos)

Venezuela  (with photos)

Directory of Photos in this Website, in this list & others

Mammals:

      AMERICAN OPOSSUMS - Family Didelphidae  (totally 78 species)   

1. Southern (or Black-eared) Opossum ______ (*) AR, (*) BR af,se, (*) EC we, (*) VE ll  (also called Common Opossum)
   Didelphis marsupialis
   AR: Comadreja Grande
   BR: Gamba de Orelha Preta
   
   
2. White-eared Opossum ______ (*) BR af
   Didelphis albiventris
   BR: Gamba de Orelha Branca
   
   
3. Big-eared Opossum ______ AR,BR
   Didelphis aurita
   
   
4. Central American Wooly Opossum ______
   Caluromys derbianus
   
   
5. Western Woolly Opossum ______
   Caluromys lanatus
   
   
6. Bare-tailed Wooly Opossum ______
   Caluromys philander
   
   
7. Black-shouldered Woolly Opossum ______
   Caluromysiops irrupta
   
   
8. Bushy-tailed Opossum ______
   Gilronia venusta  (the single member of its genus)
   
   
9. Murine Mouse-Opossum ______ (*) EC az, (*) VE
   Marmosa murina
   
   
   
   
   Murine Mouse-Opossum
   
   
10. Anderson's Mouse-Opossum (t1) ______ PE
    Marmosa andersoni
    
    
11. Little Rufous Mouse-Opossum ______
    Marmosa lepida 
    
    
12. Robinson's Mouse-Opossum ______
    Marmosa robinsoni
    
    
13. Red Mouse-Opossum ______
    Marmosa rubra
    
    
14. Tyler's Mouse-Opossum ______ VE
    Marmosa tyleriana
    
    
15. Dryland Mouse-Opossum (e) ______
    Marmosa xerophila
    
    
16. Bishop's Slender Mouse Opossum ______ PE
    Marmosa (formerly Marmoscops) bishopi
    
    
17. White-bellied Slender Mouse-Opossum ______ (*) EC az
    Marmosa (formerly Marmosops) noctivaga 
    
    
    ARMADILLOS - Family Dasypodidae  (totally 21 species)
    
    
18. Nine-banded (Long-nosed) Armadillo ______ (*) AR, (*) BR mt (wide-ranging, from the south-central US to northern Argentina) 
    Dasypus novemcinctus
    AR: Mulita Grande, Cachicamo, Tatu-hu
    BR: Tatu-Galinha or Mulita Grande
    
    
    
    Nine-banded (Long-nosed) Armadillo
    
    
19. Southern Long-nosed Armadillo ______ (grasslands of S Paraguay, N Argentina, Uruguay, & S Brazil)
    Dasypus hybridus
    
    
20. Great Long-nosed Armadillo ______ (forests of E Colombia to Suriname, S to Amazonian Brazil) 
    Dasypus kappleri
    
    
21. Hairy Long-nosed Armadillo ______ (high elevations of W Andean slope, in SC Peru) 
    Dasypus pilosus
    
    
22. Llanos Long-nosed Armadillo ______ (llanos & savannas of C Venezuela & C Colombia)
    Dasypus sabanicola
    
    
23. Seven-banded Armadillo ______ (grassland & forests of SE Amazonian & E Brazil to Bolivia, Paraguay, & N Argentina)
    Dasypus septemcinctus
    
    
24. Yepes' Long-nosed Armadillo ______ (in NW Argentina, in Salta & Jujuy provinces)
    Dasypus yepesi
    
    
25. Andean Hairy Armadillo ______ (altiplano in N Chile & in the puna of Bolivia)
    Chaetophractus nationi
    
    
26. Screaming Hairy Armadillo ______ (dry sandy areas of chaco regions of Bolivia & NW Paraguay to C Argentina) 
    Chaetophractus vellerosus
    
    
27. Larger Hairy Armadillo ______ (S Bolivia & Paraguay to S Chile & Argentina)
    Chaetophractus villosus
    
    
28. Northern Naked-tailed Armadillo ______ 
    Cabassous centralis
    
    
29. Chacoan Naked-tailed Armadillo ______
    Cabassous chacoensis
    
    
30. Greater Naked-tailed Armadillo ______ (*) AR ne
    Cabassous tatouay
    
    
31. Southern Naked-tailed Armadillo ______
    Cabassous unicinctus
    
    
32. Six-banded Armadillo (has been called Yellow Armadillo) ______ (*) BR mt  (rainforests & savannas from Suriname & NC Brazil south to Uruguay & N Argentina))
    Euphractus sexcinctus  (the single member of its genus)
    BR: Tatu Peba or Tatu Peludo
    
    
    
    Six-banded Armadillo
    
    
33. Pichi ______ (*) AR (open areas of S & C Argentina & S & C Chile)
    Zaedyus pichiy  (the single member of its genus)
    AR: Pichi (Patagonico)
    
    
34. Chacoan Fairy Armadillo ______
    Chlamyphorus retusus
    
    
35. Pink Fairy Armadillo ______
    Chlamyphorus truncatus
    
    
36. Southern Three-banded Armadillo ______
    Tolypeutes matacus
    
    
37. Brazilian Three-banded Armadillo ______
    Tolypeutes tricinctus
    
    
38. Giant Armadillo (t2) ______ BR
    Priodontes maximus  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
    
    
    Giant Armadillo
    
    
    AMERICAN ANTEATERS - Family Myrmecophagidae  (3 species)
    
    
39. Giant Anteater (t3) ______ (*) BR az,mn,mt, (*) VE ll
    Myrmecophaga tridactyla
    BR: Tamandua Bandeira
    
    
    
    The above Giant Anteater was photographed at night during our Brazil Tour 
    in Mato Grosso do Sul in September 2006. 
    We saw a nice number of these animals both day & night.
    In the photo, the head of the anteater is to the right, with its long nose 
    toward the ground as the animal feeds. Note the small ear.  
    (Above photo by Andy Smith)
    Below is another photograph of a Giant Anteater, walking in open countryside 
    of Brazilian grassland.
    
    
    
    
    Giant Anteater
    
    
40. Southern Tamandua (or Collared Anteater) (ti) ______ (*) BR mt, (*) EC az, (*) VE ll
    Tamandua tetradactyla
    BR: Tamandua Colete or Mambira or Tamandua Mirim
    EC & VE: Tamandua or Oso Colmenero
    
    
    SILKY ANTEATER - Family Cyclopedidae  (1 species)
    
    
41. Silky Anteater ______
    Cyclopes didactylus  (the single member of its genus & family)  
    
    
    TWO-TOED SLOTHS - Family Megalonychidae  (2 species)
    
    
42. Southern Two-toed Sloth  ______  (*) VE
    Choloepus didactylus
    VE: Perezoso de Dos Dedos
    
    
43. Hoffmann's Two-toed Sloth ______ 
    Choloepus hoffmanni 
    
    
    THREE-TOED SLOTHS - Family Bradypodidae  (totally 4 species)  
    
    
44. Maned Three-toed Sloth (t2) ______  (*) BR se
    Bradypus torquatus
    
    
    
    
    A rare Maned Three-toed Sloth.
    Bradypus torquatus,
    clinging on the trunk of a Cecropia Tree
    (photographed by Marie Gardner during the FONT March '08 Brazil Tour)
     
    
    
45. Pale-throated Three-toed Sloth ______ (*) BR am, (*) VE
    Bradypus tridactylus
    
    
46. Brown-throated Three-toed Sloth ______ 
    Bradypus variegatus 
    VE: Perezoso de Tres Dedos
    
    
    RABBITS - Family Leporidae  (totally 57 species)
    
    
47. Tapiti (or Forest Rabbit) ______ (*) BR mn,mt, (*) EC an  (also called Brazilian Rabbit) (occurs up to high elevations, as in the Andes of Ecuador)
    Silvilagus brasiliensis
    BR: Coelho or Tapiti
    EC: Conejo
    
    
48. Eastern Cottontail ______ (*) VE
    Sylvilagus floridannus
    (the same species that occurs in eastern North America, at the southern end of its range)  
    
    
49. European Rabbit (i) ______ (*) AR, (*) CH
    Oryctolagus cuniculus
    
    
50. European (or Brown) Hare (i) ______ (*) AR, (*) CH
    Lepus europaeus
    
    
    RODENTS: the gnawing mammals, in the Order Rodentia, which is the largest order of mammals with nearly 2,000 species worldwide 
    
    SQUIRRELS - Family Sciuridae  (totally 276 species worldwide)
    
    
51. Guianan (or Brazilian) Squirrel ______ (*) BR ig,mn,se
    Sciurus aestuans ingrami (in se Brazil)
    BR: Esquilo or: Caxixe, Serelepe, Quatipuru, Caxinguele 
    
    
    
    
    A Guianan, or Brazilian, Squirrel photographed during a FONT tour
    (photo by Marie Gardner)
    
    
52. Southern Amazon Red Squirrel ______ (*) BR af, (*) EC az
    Sciurus spadiceus
    BR: Esquilo or Quatipuru
    (The Southern & Northern Amazon Red Squirrels are very similar. The Southern Amazon Red Squirrel is reddish, rather finely grizzled with black. 
    The Northern Amazon Squirrel is coarsely grizzled, with yellowish black on the back. Both species occur in Amazonian Ecuador.) 
    
    
53. Northern Amazon Red Squirrel ______ (*) VE, (*) EC az
    Sciurus igniventris
    EC: Huayuashi
    VE: Ardilla
    
    
54. Red-tailed Squirrel ______ (*) VE
    Sciurus granatensis
    VE: Ardilla 
    
    
55. Guayaquil Squirrel ______ (*) EC we
    Sciurus stramineus
    EC: Ardilla parda or Ardilla Nucha Blanca, or Ardilla Mora, or Ardilla Negra
    (an assortment of local names as there is much individual variation of color within populations) 
    
    
56. Amazon Dwarf Squirrel ______ (*) EC az
    Microsciurus mimulus
    
    
    BEAVERS - Family Castoridae  (2 species)
    
    
57. (North) American Beaver (i) ______ (*) AR tf
    Castor canadensis 
    (Introduced into Tierra del Fuego for their pelts. Now quite common there.)
    
    
    NEOTROPICAL MICE - Subfamily Sigmodontinae  (totally 461 species)
    
    
58. Web-footed Marsh Rat ______ (*) AR ne
    Holochilus brasiliensis
    
    
59. Azara's Grass Mouse ______ (*) AR ne, (*) BR se
    Akodon azarai 
    
    
    MUSKRAT - Subfamily Arvicoliinae  (in the same subfamily as Voles & Lemmings, in which there are totally 140 species worldwide) 
    
    
60. Muskrat (i) ______ (*) CH tf
    Ondatra zibethica
    (Introduced into Tierra del Fuego, as the Beaver, for their pelts. Now apparently more common than that species in ponds in treeless areas.)
    
    
    TRUE MICE & RATS - Subfamily Murinae  (totally 535 species)
     
61. House Mouse (i) ______ (*) BR se, (*) VE
    Mus musculus
    BR: Cachita
    (world-wide distribution greater than any other mammal except Man)
    
    
62. Brown Rat (i) ______ (*) BR am,fs
    Rattus norvegicus
    
    
    NEW WORLD PORCUPINES - Family Erethizontidae  (totally 17 species, in the Americas)
    
    
63. Brazilian (or Prehensile-tailed) Porcupine ______ (*) BR mt
    Coendou prehensilis
    BR: Ourico or Porco Espinho
    
    
64. Bicolor-spinned Porcupine ______ (*) EC az
    Coendou bicolor
    EC: Puchan
    
    
65. Koopman's Porcupine ______ BR
    Coendou nycthemera
    
    
66. Bahia Hairy Dwarf Porcupine ______ BR
    Coendou (formerly Sphiggurus) insidiosus
    
    
67. Black-tailed Hairy Dwarf Porcupine ______ BR
    Coendou (formerly Sphiggurus) melanurus
    
    
68. Van Roosmalen's Hairy Dwarf Porcupine ______ BR
    Coendou (formerly Sphiggurus) roosmalenorum
    
    
69. Orange-spinned Hairy Dwarf Porcupine ______ BR
    Coendou (formerly Sphiggurus) spinosus
    
    
70. Bristle-spinned Porcupine ______ BR
    Chaetomys subspinosus  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
    AGOUTIS & PACAS - Family Agoutidae  (totally 16 species)
    
    
71. Green Acouchi ______ (*) EC az
    Myoprocta exilis (formerly M. pratti)
    EC: Guatusa Pequena or Papali 
    
    
72. Red Acouchi ______ BR
    Myoprocta acouchy
    
    
73. Black Agouti ______ (*) EC az
    Dasyprocta fuliginosa
    EC: Guatusa
    
    
74. Azara's Agouti ______ (*) AR ne, (*) BR mt, (*) PG
    Dasyprocta azarae
    BR: Cutia
    
    
75. Red-rumped Agouti ______ (*) BR af,am,mn, (*) VE
    Dasyprocta leporina (formerly D. agouti)
    BR: Cutia
    VE: Picure or Acure
    
    
76. Black-rumped Agouti ______ BR
    Dasyprocta prymnolopha
    
    
77. Paca ______ (*) BR af,mt
    Cuniculus paca (genus name has been Agouti) 
    BR: Paca
    
    
78. Mountain Paca ______
    Cuniculus taczanowskii
    
    
    PACARANA - Family Dinomyidae  (1 species)
    
    
79. Pacarana (t2) ______ BR  (Amazon basin of Peru & W Brazil)
    Dinomys branickii  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
    CAVIES & GUINEA-PIGS  - Family Caviidae (totally 16 species)
    
    
80. Common Yellow-toothed Cavy (t3CH) ______ (has also been called Highland Cavy)
    Galea musteloides
    
    
81. Spix's Yellow-toothed Cavy ______ (*) BR se
    Galea spixii
    
    
82. Southern Mountain Cavy  (t3CH) ______ (has also been called Lesser Cavy)
    Microavia australis
    
    
83. Shipton's Mountain Cavy ______ (*) AR nw
    Microcavia shiptoni
    
    
84. Brazilian Guinea-Pig ______ (*) AR ne, (*) BR mt
    Cavia aperea
    AR: Cuis (Campestre) or Cuis (Selvatico)
    
    
85. Shiny Guinea-Pig ______
    Cavia fulgida
    
    
86. Greater Guinea-Pig ______ (*) BR fs  (*) UG
    Cavia magna 
    
    
87. Montane Guinea-Pig  (t3CH) ______ (has also been called Tschudi's Cavy)
    Cavia tschudii
    
    
88. Acrobat Cavy ______ (in Goias, Brazil, in the area of the Rio Sao Mateus)
    Kerodon acrobata
    
     
89. Rock Cavy ______ (*) BR mn
    Kerodon rupestris
    
    
90. (Patagonian) Mara ______ (*) AR so (also known as Patagonian Cavy)
    Dolichotis patagonum
    AR: Mara (Patagonica) or Liebre Patagonica
    
    
91. Chacoan Mara ______ AR
    Dolichotis salinicola
    
    
    CAPYBARA - Family Hydrochoeridae  (1 species, in the Neotropics)
    
    
92. Capybara ______ (*) AR ne, (*) BR af,mt,fs, (*) VE ll
    Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris  (the single member of its genus & family)
    BR: Capivara or Cupido
    (The world's largest rodent. Mostly aquatic.)
    
    
    
    
    
    Capybaras were seen both day (above) & night (below) during our
    tours in Mato Grosso do Sul, not only in September 2006 
    (when these photos were taken), but during every FONT tour in that area. 
    
    
    
    Another photo (below) of an adult & young Capybaras was taken during the 
    FONT tour in Mato Grosso do Sul, in August 2008.
    (photo courtesy of Trevor & Pamela Sims) 
    
    
    
    
    DEGUS & TUCO-TUCOS - Family Octodontidae  (53 species, mostly in Argentina & Chile)
    
    
93. Coruro (t1CH) ______  (sandy soils of lowlands of C Chile)
    Spalacopus cyanus  (the single member of its genus)
    Spalacopus cyanus maulinus  (CH subspecies)
    
    
94. Chilean Rock Rat ______  (montane forests & bunchgrass of Andes of C Chile & WC Argentina)
    Pithanotomys fuscus
    
    
95. Sage's Rock Rat ______  (montane forests & bunchgrass of Andes locally in Neuquen Prov of WC Argentina & Malleco Prov of C Chile)
    Pithanotomys sagei
    
    
96. Bridge's Degu  (t2CH) ______  (forests & bamboo thickets of Andes of C Chile & WC Argentina)
    Octodon bridgesi
    
    
97. Common Degu ______ (*) CH cc  (semiarid scrub of W slope of Andes of NC Chile)
    Octodon degus
    CH: Degu de las Pircas
    
    
98. Moon-toothed Degu (t2CH) ______ (also called Coastal Degu) (dense thorn scrub of coastal mountains of NC Chile)
    Octodon lunatus
    
    
99. Mountain Degu ______ (*) CH fn  (open dry rocky habitats of Andes of SW Bolivia, N Chile, & NW Argentina)
    Octodontomys gliroides
    
     
100. Mountain Viscacha-Rat ______ (not to be confused with the formerly Mountain, now Northern & Southern Viscachas, in the Visvcacha & Chinchilla family) (arid rocky slopes of Andean foothills in NW Argentina)
     Octomys mimax  (the single member of its genus)
     
      
101. Golden Viscacha-Rat ______ (in NW Argentina, in Catamarca Province)
     Pipanacoctomys aureus  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
102. Plains Viscacha-Rat ______ AR
     Tympanoctomys barrerae  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
103. Argentine Tuco-tuco ______ AR (Chaco Province)
     Ctenomys argentinus
     
     
104. Brazilian Tuco-tuco ______ (*) BR mn
     Ctenomys brasiliensis 
     
     
105. Natterer's Tuco-tuco ______
     Ctenomys nattereri
     
     
106. Magellanic Tuco-tuco ______ (*) CH fs
     Ctenomys magellanicus
     
     
107. Tawny Tuco-tuco ______ (*) AR nw
     Ctenomys fulvus 
     AR: Tucotuco del Tamarugal 
     
     
     SPINY RATS - Family Echimyidae  (totally 81 species)
     
     
108. Common Spiny Tree Rat  ______ (*) BR af, (*) EC az
     Mesomys hispidus
     
     
109. Venezuelan Spiny Rat ______
     Proechimys amphichoricus
     
     
110. Huallaga Spiny Rat ______
     Proechimys brevicauda
     
     
111. Cuvier's Spiny Rat ______
     Proechimys cuvieri
     
     
112. Punar ______
     Thrichomys apereoides
     
     
113. Coypu (also known as Nutria) ______ (*) AR ba, (*) BR fs, se (*) CH ce
     Myocastor coypus
     BR: Ratao do Banhado
     CH: Coipo
     
     
     
     
     A Coypu, or Nutria, photographed during a FONT tour
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
     VISCACHAS & CHINCHILLAS - Family Chinchillidae  (6 species)
     
     
114. Northern Viscacha _____ (*) AR,  (*) CH  (this & the following species have been combined, and called the Mountain Viscacha)
     Lagidium peruanum
     CH: Vizcacha de Montana
     
     
     
     
     A Northern Viscacha, photographed during a FONT tour in far-northern Chile 
     
     
115. Southern Viscacha ______ (*) AR,  (*) CH
     Lagidium viscacia
     CH: Vizcacha de Montana 
        
     
     
     
     A Southern Viscacha, photographed during a FONT tour in central Chile
     
     
116. (Long-tailed) Chinchilla ______ (*) CH fn
     Chinchilla lanigera 
     
     
     
     
     Chinchilla
     
     
     
     
     Short-tailed Chinchilla
     
117. Short-tailed Chinchilla (ce) ______ (*) BO
     Chinchilla brevicaudata
     
     
     CHINCHILLA-RATS  - Family Abrocomidae  (9 species)
     
     
118. Ashy Chincilla-Rat ______ (*) AR nw
     Abrocoma cinera
     
     
     CATS - Family Felidae  (totally 39 species)
     
     
119. Jaguarundi (t) ______ (*) BR mt
     Felis (formerly Herpailurus) yagouaroundi
     AR: Gato Eyra, Gato Moro
     
     
120. Colocolo ______  (highlands of N Chile & forests of C Chile and W slope of the Andes)
     Felis (formerly Leopardus) colocolo
      
     
121. Pantanal Cat ______ (*) BR mt  (southwest & southern Brazil) 
     Felis (formerly Leopardus) braccata  (This and the Pampas Cat, F. pajeros, split from the Colocolo, F. colocolo)
     BR: Gato Palheiro
     
     
     
     
     The Pantanal Cat (formerly part of the more-southerly Pampas Cat)
     photographed at night during a FONT tour in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. 
     
     
     
122. Geoffrey's Cat ______ (*) CH fs  (Bolivia, Paraguay, southern Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, & Chile) 
     Felis (formerly Leopardus) geoffroyi
     CH: Gato Montes
     
     
123. Kodkod ______ (moist coniferous forests of SC Chile & SW Argentina)
     Felis (formerly Leopardus) guigna
     
     
124. Pampas Cat ______  (east slope of Andes from Ecuador to NW Argentina, also lowlands of Argentina & S Chile)
     Felis (formerly Leopardus) pajeros  (This and the Pantanal Cat, F. braccata, split from the Colocolo, F. colocolo) 
     
     
125. Ocelot (v) ______ (*) BR mt  (from Texas/Mexico south to N Argentina & SE Brazil)
     Felis (formerly Leopardus) pardalis
     AR: Gato Onza, Ocelote
     BR: Gato do Mato Grande
     
     
     
     
     Ocelots (above & below)  photographed at night during 
     FONT tour in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
     This wonderful animal has been seen nicely during many FONT tours in that area.    
     
      
     
     
126. Oncilla (or Little Spotted Cat) ______  (Costa Rica south to N Argentina & SE Brazil) 
     Felis (formerly Leopardus) tigrina
     
     
127. Margay ______  (Mexico south to N Argentina & Uruguay) 
     Felis (formerly Leopardus) wiedii
     
     
128. Puma (also called Cougar or Mountain Lion or Panther) ______ (*) VE ll  (southwest Canada to southern Chile & Argentina)
     Felis (formerly Puma) concolor
     AR & CH: Puma, Leon Americano
     
     
     
     
     Puma
     
     
129. Andean Cat (e) ______ (high altitude rocky regions of S Peru, SW Bolivia, N Chile, & NW Argentina)
     Felis (formerly Oreallurus) jacobita
     
     
130. Jaguar ______ (*) BR mt  (Mexico to N Argentina & S Brazil)
     Panthera (formerly Jaguarius) onca 
     BR: Onca Pintada
     
     
     
     
     The Jaguar (above & below) 
     This mighty animal has been seen during 2 FONT Brazil tours 
     in Mato Grosso do Sul in the last 3 years.
     
     
     
     
     DOGS & FOXES - Family Canidae  (totally 35 species)
     
     
131. Maned Wolf (v) ______ (*) ARh ne,  (*) BR mn,mt
     Chrysocyon brachyurus
     AR: Aguara Guazu, Lobo de Crin
     BR: Lobo Guara 
     
     Link: Maned Wolf Feature
     
     
     
     Three photos of the Maned Wolf  
     
     
     
     
     
     This lower photo of a Maned Wolf after dark at a monastery 
     in the remote hills of Minas Gerais, Brazil, as seen during a number of FONT tours.
     
     
132. Gray Fox ______ VE  (a North American species occurring as far south as northern Colombia & Venezuela)
     Urocyon cinereoargenteus    
     
     
133. Colpeo (Fox) ______ (*) AR tf,  (*) CH cc,tf
     Pseudalopex (has been said by some to be Dusicyon) culpaeus
     AR: Zorro Colorado
     CH: Zorro Culpeo
     (There are 6 subspecies.) (On Tierra del Fuego (in Argentina) called Fuegian Fox, P. c. magellanicus)
     
     
134. (Argentine) Gray Fox (includes Pampas Fox) ______ (*) AR,  (*) BR fs,  (*) CH fs tf
     Pseudalopex (has been said by some to be Dusicyon) griseus
     AR: Zorro Gris, Chilla
     CH: Zorro Chilla
     (There are 7 subspecies.) (The Pampas Fox, of e. Bolivia, s. Brazil, w. Paraguay, and central & eastern Argentina has been said by some to be P. gymnocercus, AR: Zorro Pampa) 
     
     
     
     
     Above & Below: 2 photographs of  Pampas Foxes
     
     Above: a photograph during the November 2009 FONT tour in Chile 
     (photo by Robert Hinz)
     
     Below: A Chiloe Fox, a dark subspecies of the Pampas Fox in southern Chile
     
     
       
     
     
135. Sechura Fox ______ EC, PE
     Pseudalopex sechurae
     
     
136. Crab-eating Fox ______ (*) BR mt,  (*) VE ll  (forest & savannas from Colombia south to N Argentina & Uruguay) 
     Cerdocyon (has been said by some to Dusicyon) thous
     (There are 7 subspecies.)
     BR: Graxaim or Cachorro do Mato
     
     
     
     
     Above & below: Crab-eating Foxes photographed at night during  
     a FONT Brazil tour in Mato Grosso do Sul.  
     The species has been seen during every FONT tour in that area.
     
     
     
     
     
137. Hoary Fox ______ (*) BR mn  (cerrado & caatinga of highlands of interior EC Brazil)
     Lycalopex (has been said by some to be Dusicyon) vetulus
     
     
138. Short-eared Dog ______ (*) BR af
     Atelocynus) (has been said by some to be Dusicyon) microtis
     (a rarely seen animal)
     
     
139. Bush Dog ______
     Speothos venaticus
     
     
     BEARS - Family Ursidae  (totally 8 species)
     
     
140. Spectacled (or Andean) Bear ______ (mountain forests from W Venezuela south to W Bolivia)
     Tremarctos ornatus
     
     
     EARED SEALS - Family Otariidae  (totally 14 species) 
     
     
141. Galapagos Sea Lion (a race of the California Sea Lion) ______ (*) EC gp
     Zalophus californianus wollebacki 
     
     
142. Southern (or South American) Sea Lion ______ (*) AR so,tf, (*) BR fs, (*) CH fn ce 
     Otaria byronia  (has been Otaria flavescens)
     AR & CH: Lobo de un Pelo
      
     
143. South American Fur Seal ______ (*) AR tf
     Arctocephalus australis
     AR: Lobo de los Pelos
     
     
144. Galapagos Fur Seal ______ (*) EC gp
     Artocephalus galapagoensis 
     
     
     EARLESS SEALS - Family Phocidae  (totally 20 species)
     
     
145. Southern Elephant Seal ______ (*) AR so
     Mirounga leonina
     AR: Elefante Marino
     
     
     OTTERS & ALLIES - Family Mustelidae  (totally 68 species)
     
146. Greater Grison (or Huron) ______ (*) BR af
     Galictis vittata 
     BR: Furao or Furax
     
     
147. Lesser Grison ______  (*) BR fs
     Galictis cuja
     
     
148. Tayra ______ (*) BR af,am,mn,se
     Eira barbata
     BR: Irara
     (This animal rather like a South American Marten) 
     
     
149. Amazon Weasel ______
     Mustela africana
     
     
150. Patagonian Weasel ______
     Lyncodon patagonicus
     
     
151. Humboldt's (or Patagonian) Hog-nosed Skunk (t) ______ (*) CH fs
     Conepatus humboldti
     AR: Zorrino Patagonico, Zorrino Chico
     CH: Chingue de la Patagonia
     
     
152. Molina's Hog-nosed Skunk ______
     Conepatus chinga
     
     
153. Striped Hog-nosed Skunk ______
     Conepatus  semistriatus
     
     
154. Giant Otter (also called Brazilian Otter) (e) ______ (*) BR af,mt
     Pteronura brasiliensis
     BR: Ariranha
     
     
     
     
     The Giant Otters above were photographed during a FONT tour in the Pantanal of Brazil.
     Another photo and an color illustration of the species are below.  
     
     
     
     
     
     The photo below of 2 Giant Otters was taken during 
     the FONT Brazil Tour in August 2008.
     The animals was first seen resting on wooden steps along a riverbank.
     Later, they entered the water, and swam away.
     (photo courtesy of Trevor & Pamela Sims)     
     
     
     
     
155. Neotropical River Otter ______ (*) BR mt,se
     Lutra (formerly Lontra) longicaudus
     AR: Lobito Comun, Guairao
     BR: Lontra or Cachorro-d'agua
     
     
156. Marine Otter (e)   ______  (*) CH
     Lutra (formerly Lontra) felina
     
     
157. Southern River Otter  ______   (*)  CH
     Lutra (formerly Lontra) provocax  
     
     
     RACCOONS - Family Procyonidae  (totally 19 species)
     
     
158. Crab-eating Raccoon ______ (*) BR mt, (*) VE ll
     Procyon cancrivorous
     BR: Mao Pelada
     
     
     
     
     Crab-eating Raccoon, photographed during a FONT tour in Venezuela
      
     
159. South American Coati ______ (*) AR ig,   (*) BR ig,mn,mt,se
     Nasua nasua
     AR: Coati, Pisote
     BR: Quati or Quatimunde
     
     
     (When is a Coati a Coatimundi? Female Coatis and their young associate in bands of 5-12 individuals, but adult males are solitary. This difference at first confused biologists, who described the solitary males as a separate species. The use of the name "coatimundi" (meaning "lone Coati" in the Guarani language) for this species reflects the same error.) 
     
     
     
     
     
     
     Above: Two photos of the South American Coati
     Below: a group of them seen during the FONT Brazil tour in August 2008.
     (photo below courtesy of Trevor & Pamela Sims)
     
     
     
     
     
160. Mountain Coati ______
     Nasuella olivacea
     
     
161. Allen's Olingo ______
     Bassariscus alleni
     
     
162. Bushy-tailed Olingo ______
     Bassariscus gabbii
     
     
163. Kinkajou ______ BR
     Potos flavus
       
     
     SHEATH-TAILED BATS - Family Emballonuridae  (totally 51 species)
     
     
164. Proboscis Bat ______ (*) BR,  (*)  EC az 
     Rhynchonycteris naso
     
     
165. Shaggy Bat ______ BR
     Centronycteris maximiliani
     
     
166. Greater White-lined Bat ______ (*) BR af,mt
     Saccopteryx bilineata
     
     
167. Amazonian White-lined Bat ______ BR
     Saccopteryx gymnura
     
     
168. Lesser White-lined Bat ______ BR
     Saccopteryx leptura
     
     
169. Chestnut Sac-winged Bat ______ BR
     Cormura brevirostris
     
     
170. White-winged Dog-like Bat ______ BR
     Peropteryx (formerly Peroymus) leucoptera
     
     
171. Greater Dog-like Bat ______ BR
     Peropteryx kappleri
     
     
172. Trinidad Dog-like Bat ______ BR
     Peropteryx macrotis
     
     
173. Smoky Sheath-tailed Bat ______ BR
     Cyttarops alecto
     
     
     FISHING BATS - Family Noctilionidae  (2 species)
     
     
174. Greater Fishing Bat (also called Bulldog Bat) ______ (*) BR af,  (*) EC az, VE ll
     Noctilio leporinus
     
175. Lesser (or Southern) Bulldog Bat ______ (*) BR af,mn
     Noctilio albiventris
     
     
     LEAF-CHINNED BATS - Family Mormoopidae  (totally 8 species) 
     
     
176. Lesser Moustached Bat ______ BR
     Pteronotus personatus
     
     
177. Common Moustached Bat ______ BR
     Pteronotus parnellii
     
     
178. Davy's Naked-backed Bat ______ BR
     Pteronotus davyi
     
     
     AMERICAN LEAF-NOSED BATS - Family Phyllostomidae  (totally 155 species)
     
     
179. Behni's Big-eared Bat ______ BR
     Micronycteris (formerly Glyphonycteris) behnii
     
     
180. Davies' Big-eared Bat (or Bartica Bat) ______ BR
     Micronycteris (formerly Glyphonycteris) daviesi
     
     
181. Tricolored Big-eared Bat ______ BR
     Micronycteris (formerly Glyphonycteris) sylvestris
     
     
182. Orange-throated Big-eared Bat ______ BR
     Micronycteris (formerly Lampronycteris) brachyotis
     
     
183. Hairy Big-eared Bat ______ BR
     Micronycteris hirsuta
     
     
184. Little Big-eared Bat ______ BR
     Micronycteris megalotis
     
     
185. Common Big-eared Bat ______ BR
     Micronycteris microtis
     
     
186. White-bellied Big-eared Bat ______ BR
     Micronycteris minuta
     
     
187. Niceforo's Big-eared Bat ______ BR
     Micronycteris nicefori
     
     
188. Common Sword-nosed Bat ______ BR
     Lonchorhina aurita
     
     
189. Long-legged Bat ______ BR
     Macrophyllum macrophyllum
     
     
190. Greater Round-eared Bat ______ BR
     Tonatia bidens
     
     
191. White-throated Round-eared Bat ______ BR
     Tonatia silvicola
     
     
192. Striped Hairy-nosed Bat ______ BR
     Mimon (formerly Anthorhina) crenulatum
     
     
193. Golden Bat ______ BR
     Mimon bennettii
     
     
194. Pale Spear-nosed Bat ______ BR
     Phyllostomus discolor
     
     
195. Seba's Short-tailed Bat ______ (*) EC az
     Carollia perspicillata
     
     
196. Fringed Fruit-eating Bat ______ BR
     Artibeus fimbriatus 
     
     
197. Silver Fruit-eating Bat ______ BR
     Artibeus glaucus
     
     
198. Jamaican Fruit-eating Bat ______ BR
     Artibeus jamaicensis
     
     
199. Great Fruit-eating Bat ______ (*) BR mt,  (*) VE
     Artibeus lituratus
     
     
     VESPER BATS - Family Vespertilionidae  (totally 364 species)
     
     
200. Chilean Myotis ______ (*) CH ce
     Myotis (formerly Leuconoe) chiloensis
     
     
201. Atacama Myotis ______ (*) CH fn
     Myotis (formerly Selysius) atacamensis (formerly Selysius) atacamensis
     
     
     MARMOSETS & TAMARINS - Family Callitrichidae  (totally 43 species)
     
     
202. Buffy-tufted Marmoset (formerly one of the subspecies of Tufted-ear Marmoset) (e) ______ (*) BR se (SE Brazil, in Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, & Sao Paulo) 
     Callithrix aurita
     BR: Sauim or Sagui
     
     
203. Buffy-headed Marmoset (formerly one of the subspecies of Tufted-ear Marmoset) (e) ______ (*) BR mn  (EC Brazil, locally in Minas Gerais, S Espirito Santo, & Rio de Janeiro)
     Callithrix flaviceps
     BR: Sauim or Sagui
     
     
     
     
     A Buffy-headed Marmoset photographed during the FONT tour 
     in Minas Gerais, Brazil, in March 2008
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
204. Black-tailed Marmoset (formerly one of the subspecies of Silvery Marmoset) ______ (*) BR mt  (W&C Brazil, & nearby Bolivia & Paraguay)
     Callithrix melanura 
     
     
205. Silvery Marmoset ______ BR  (E Amazonian Brazil, in Para) 
     Callithrix argentata
     BR: Sauim or Sagui
     
     
206. Rio Acari Marmoset ______ BR  (C Amazonian Brazil)
     Callithrix acariensis
     
     
207. Gold-and-white Marmoset ______ BR  (C Amazonian Brazil, S of the Amazon River)
     Callithrix chrysoleuca
     
     
208. Emilia's Marmoset ______ BR  (S Amazonian Brazil, in Rondonia & N Mato Grosso)
     Callithrix emiliae
     
     
209. Geoffrey's Marmoset ______ BR  (EC Brazil, in Minas Gerais & Espirito Santo)
     Callithrix geoffroyi
     
     
210. Santarem Marmoset ______ BR  (C Amazonian Brazil, S of the Amazon River)
     Callithrix humeralifera 
     
     
211. Dwarf Marmoset ______ BR  (SC Amazonian Brazil)
     Callithrix humilis 
     
     
212. Hershkovitz's Marmoset ______ BR  (locally in SC Amazonian Brazil)
     Callithrix intermedia
     
     
213. White-tufted Marmoset ______ BR  (NE Brazil)
     Callithrix jacchus
     
     
214. Wied's Black-tufted Marmoset ______ BR  (EC Brazil, in S Bahia & extreme NW Minas Gerais)
     Callithrix kuhlii
     
     
215. White Marmoset ______ BR  (C Amazonian Brazil, in Para)
     Callithrix leucippe
     
     
216. Rio Manicore Marmoset ______ BR  (locally in C Amazonian Brazil)
     Callithrix manicorensis
     
     
217. Marca's Marmoset ______ BR  (locally in SC Amazonian Brazil)
     Callithrix marcai 
     
     
218. Rio Maues Marmoset ______ BR  (locally in C Amazonian Brazil)
     Callithrix mauesi
     
     
219. Black-headed Marmoset ______ BR  (very locally in SC Amazonian Brazil)
     Callithrix nigriceps
     
     
220. Black-tufted Marmoset ______ BR  (NE & EC Brazil)
     Callithrix penicillata
     
     
221. Satere-Maues' Marmoset ______ BR  (C Amazonian Brazil)
     Callithrix saterei
     
     
222. Pygmy Marmoset ______ (*) EC az  (E Ecuador, NE Peru, & C Amazonian Brazil)
     Cebuella pygmaea
     EC: Mono de Bolsillo, or Leoncito
     (the world's smallest true monkey)
     (A family group of at least 5 was seen during one of our tours at La Selva along the Napo River in Ecuador. This is a very interesting mammal in that an entire family group will stay in one tree for up to a year feeding on sap. When the sap begins to run low, they'll leave the tree, moving to another, and "set-up shop" for another year.)    
     
     
223. Black-mantled Tamarin ______ (*) EC az  (rainforests of Amazon basin in E Ecuador, E Peru, & NW Brazil) 
     Saguinus nigricollis 
     EC: Chichico or Leoncito 
     
     
224. Pied Bare-faced Tamarin (ce) ______ (*) BR am  (rainforests of the Manaus region, in C Amazonian Brazil - E of the Rio Negro & N of the Amazon River)
     Saguinus bicolor   
     
     
225. Martin's Bare-faced Tamarin ______  BR  (NC Amazonian Brazil, north of the Amazon River) (has been considered conspecific with the Pied Bare-faced Tamarin, and then-called the Brazilian Bare-faced Tamarin)  
     Saguinus martinsi
     
     
226. Saddle-backed Tamarin ______ BR  (dense forests of S Colombia, E Ecuador, E Peru, N bolivia, & N&W Brazil)
     Saguinus fuscicollis
     
     
227. Emperor Tamarin ______ BR  (dense lowland forests of E Peru & W Brazil)
     Saguinus imperator
     
     
228. Mottle-faced Tamarin ______ BR  (SE Colombia & NW Brazil)
     Saguinus inustus
     
     
229. Red-chested Moustached Tamarin ______ BR  (N Bolivia & W Amazonian Brazil)
     Saguinus labiatus
     
     
230. White-mantled Tamarin ______ BR  (W Amazonian Brazil)
     Saguinus melanoleucus
     
     
231. Red-handed Tamarin ______ (*) BR (Guyana & NE Amazonian Brazil, east of the Rio Negro, north of the Amazon River)
     Saguinus midas 
     
     
232. Black-chested Moustached Tamarin ______ BR  (NE Peru & W Amazonian Brazil)
     Saguinus mystax
     
     
233. Black Tamarin ______ BR  (E Amazonian Brazil, S of the Amazon River)
     Saguinus niger 
     
     
234. Red-capped Moustached Tamarin ______ BR  (W Amazonian Brazil)
     Saguinus pileatus
     
     
235. Black-faced Lion Tamarin (ce) ______ BR  (SE Brazil, in Sao Paulo & Parana)
     Leontopithecus caissara
     
     
236. Golden-headed Lion Tamarin (e) ______ BR  (EC Brazil, in S Bahia & NE Minas Gerais)
     Leontopithecus chrysomelas
     
     
     
     
     Golden-headed Lion Tamarin
     
     
237. Black Lion Tamarin (ce) ______ BR  (SE Brazil, in 2 small remnant forest patches in Sao Paulo)
     Leontopithecus chrysopygus
     
     
238. Golden Lion Tamarin (ce) ______ BR  (SE Brazil, in a few isolated forest patches in C&S Rio de Janeiro)
     Leontopithecus rosalia
     
     
     NEW WORLD MONKEYS - Family Atelidae  (totally 82 species)
     
     
239. Black Howler Monkey ______ (*) AR ne, (*) BR mt  (SC Brazil, E Bolivia, Paraguay, & NE Argentina)
     Alouatta caraya
     AR: Mono Aullador Negro, Caraya
     BR: Guariba or Bugio or Caraja
     (male: black; female: brown)
     
     
     
     
     Above: male Black Howler Monkey
     Below: female Black Howler Monkey
     Photographed during a FONT tour in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
     
     
     
     
240. Red-handed Howler Monkey ______ (*) BR af  (C & NE Brazil)
     Alouatta belzebul
     BR: Guariba
     
     
241. Amazon Black Howler Monkey ______ BR  (C&E Amazonian Brazil, both N&S of the Amazon River)
     Alouatta nigerrima 
     
     
242. Brown Howler Monkey (t2) ______ (*) BR se,mn  (Atlantic forest from Bahia south to NE Argentina)
     Alouatta guariba (formerly A. fusca)
     AR: Mono Aullador Rufo
     BR: Bugio or Ruivo or Guariba
     (In subspecies A. f. clamitans of southern South America, adult males are bright reddish with a golden tint; most adult females are brown.)
     
     
     
     
     A male Brown Howler Monkey in the trees of a fine forest
     in Minas Gerais, Brazil during a FONT tour in October 2009  
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
243. Venezuelan Red Howler Monkey ______ (*) EC az,  (*) VE hp  (Colombia, Venezuela, NW Brazil)
     Alouatta seniculus
     VE: Mono Colorado
     EC: Coto Mono
     
     
244. Guyanan Red Howler Monkey ______ (*) BR am  (Guyana & NC Amazonian Brazil)
     Alouatta macconnelli
     
     
245. Bolivian Red Howler Monkey ______ BR  (S Peru, Bolivia, SW Brazil)
     Alouatta sara
     
     
246. White-nosed Bearded Saki (v) ______ (*) BR af,am  (C Brazil, S of the Amazon River to Mato Grosso)
     Chiropotes albinasus
     BR: Cuxiu or Piroclucu or Piroculu
     
     
247. Brown Bearded Saki (e) ______ BR  (NE Brazil)
     Chiropotes satanas
     
     
248. Buffy Saki ______ BR  (C Amazonian Brazil, S of the Solimoes River)
     Pithecia albicans 
     
     
249. Gray Monk Saki ______ BR  (C & SW Amazonian Brazil, & S Peru to Bolivia)
     Pithecia irrorata
     
     
250. Monk Saki ______ BR  (S Colombia, E Ecuador, N Peru, & W Brazil)
     Pithecia monachus
     
     
251. Guianan Saki ______ BR  (E Venezuela & French Guiana, & NE Brazil south to the Amazon River)
     Pithecia pithecia
     
     
252. Red Uakari ______ BR  (N Peru & WC Brazil)
     Cacajao calvus
     
     
253. Black Uakari ______ BR  (SE Colombia, extreme S Venezuela, & NW Brazil)
     Cacajao melanocephalus
     
     
254. Brown Tufted Capuchin (*) BR af,am,mt  (Colombia south to Peru & C Brazil)
     Cebus apella
     AR: Cai Comun, Mono
     BR: Macaco Prego 
     
     
255. Weeping (or Wedge-capped) Capuchin ______ (*) VE ll  (forests of Colombia, French Guiana, & in Brazil S to the Rio Negro & Amazon River)
     Cebus olivaceus
     VE: Mono Chuco
     
     
256. White-fronted Capuchin ______ BR  (Colombia, Venezuela, NW Brazil, Ecuador, & N Peru)
     Cebus albifrons
     
     
257. Ka'apor Capuchin ______ BR  (in Maranhao, NE Brazil)
     Cebus kaapori
     
     
258. Black-striped Tufted Capuchin ______ (*) AR ne,  (*) BR  (forests of Bolivia, N Argentina, Paraguay, & S Brazil) 
     Cebus libidinosus
     
     
259. Black Tufted Capuchin ______ (*) BR mn,se  (Atlantic forests of SE Brazil)
     Cebus nigritus
     
     
     
     
     A Black-tufted Capuchin photographed during the FONT August 2007 tour
     in Southeast Brazil
     (photo by Dan Coleman)
     
     
260. Golden-bellied Tufted Capuchin (ce) ______ BR  (EC Brazil, in forest remnants in S Bahia & N Minas Gerais)
     Cebus xanthosternos
     
     
261. White-bellied Spider Monkey (was previously merged with Black Spider Monkey) ______ (*) BR af
     Ateles belzebuth marginatus
     BR: Coata 
     
     
262. Black Spider Monkey (v) ______ BR  (undisturbed primary rainforests from Guyana south into NE Amazonian Brazil, north of Amazon River, west to the Rio Negro)
     Ateles paniscus  
     
     
263. Peruvian Spider Monkey ______ BR (E Peru, N Bolivia, & W Amazonian Brazil)
     Ateles chamek
     
     
264. White-whiskered Spider Monkey (e) ______ BR  (EC Amazonian Brazil, south of the Amazon River)
     Ateles marginatus 
     
     
265. Southern Muriqui  (t2)  ______ BR  (SE Brazil, in Atlantic forest remnants of Rio de Janeiro & Sao Paulo)
     (has also been called "Woolly Spider Monkey")
     Brachyteles arachnoides
     (This rare animal is the largest monkey in the New World, up to 5 feet tall)
     
     
266. Northern Muriqui  (t2)  ______ (*) BR  mn  (EC Brazil, in Atlantic forest remnants from Bahia to Espirito Santo & Minas Gerais)
     (has also been called "Woolly Spider Monkey")
     Brachyteles hypoxanthus
     (Split from the Southern Muriqui in 2001)  
     
     
267. Gray Woolly Monkey ______ BR  (S Peru & S Amazonian Brazil)
     Lagothrix cana
     
     
268. Brown Woolly Monkey ______ BR  (SE Colombia, NE Ecuador, & NW Amazonian Brazil, east to the Rio Negro)
     Lagothrix lagotricha
     
     
269. Silvery Woolly Monkey ______ BR  (highlands of E Ecuador & N Peru, & extreme W Amazonian Brazil)
     Lagothrix poeppigii 
     
     
270. Common Squirrel Monkey ______ (*) EC az
     Saimiri sciureus
     EC: Fraile, Frailecito, Barizo
     (In the latest taxonomy, there are in total 5 squirrel monkey species, in Central & South America.)
     
     
271. Bolivian Squirrel Monkey ______ BR  (Amazon basin of E Peru, Bolivia & SW Brazil)
     Saimiri boliviensis 
     
     
272. Bare-eared Squirrel Monkey ______ (*) BR am  (C Amazonian Brazil, S of the Amazon River)
     Saimiri ustus
     
     
273. Black Squirrel Monkey ______ BR  (W Amazonian Brazil)
     Saimiri vanzolinii
     
     
274. Coppery Tit (formerly one of the subspecies of Dusky Titi) ______ (*) EC az
     Callicebus cupreus 
     EC: Zocayo, Saui
     
     
275. Dusky Titi ______ BR  (EC Amazonian Brazil, S of the Amazon River)
     Callicebus moloch
     
     
276. Masked Titi (v) ______ (*) BR mn  (EC Brazil, coastal forests of EC Minas Gerais, S Espirito Santo, & NE Rio de Janeiro)
     Callicebus personatus
     BR: Guigo or Saua
     
     
     
     
     A Masked Titi during a FONT tour in Minas Gerais, Brazil in October 2009 
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
277. Black-fronted Titi (formerly a subspecies of Masked Titi) (v) ______ (*) BR se  (Atlantic forest of S Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo, & SW Rio de Janerio)
     Callicebus nigrifrons 
     
     
278. Baptista Lake Titi ______ BR (C Amazonian Brazil, S of the Amazon River)
     Callicebus baptista
     
     
279. Blond Titi (ce) ______ BR  (EC Brazil, in remnant forests of N Bahia)
     Callicebus barbarabrownae
     
     
280. Prince Benhard's Titi ______ BR  (SC Amazonian Brazil)
     Callicebus bernhardi
     
     
281. Brown Titi _____ BR  (SC Amazonian Brazil)
     Callicebus brunneus
     
     
282. Booted Titi _____ BR  (C Amazonian Brazil)
     Callicebus calligatus
     
     
283. Ashy-black Titi ______ BR  (C Amazonian Brazil)
     Callicebus cinerascens
     
     
284. Coimbra-Filho's Titi (ce) ______ BR  (NE Brazil)
     Callicebus coimbrai
     
     
285. Double-browed Titi ______ BR  (WC Amazonian Brazil)
     Callicebus discolor
     
     
286. Dubious Titi ______ BR  (WC Amazonian Brazil)
     Callicebus dubius
     
     
287. Hoffmann's Titi ______ BR  (C Amazonian Brazil)
     Callicebus hoffmannsi
     
     
288. Lucifer Titi ______ BR  (S Colombia, E Ecuador, NE Peru, & W Amazonian Brazil)
     Callicebus lucifer
     
     
289. Mourning Titi ______ BR  (NW Amazonian Brazil)
     Callicebus lugens
     
     
290. Black-handed Titi  (formerly a subspecies of Masked Titi) ______ BR (Atlantic forest of EC Brazil, in SE Bahia & N Espirito Santo)
     Callicebus melanochir
     
     
291. Pallid Titi ______ BR  (Paraguay & SC Brazil: the Pantanal region of Mato Grosso do Sul)
     Callicebus pallescens   
     
     
292. Red-crowned Titi ______ BR  (C Amazonian Brazil)
     Callicebus purinus
     
     
293. Kinglet Titi ______ BR  (C Amazonian Brazil)
     Callicebus regulus 
     
     
294. Stephen Nash's Titi ______ BR  (WC Amazonian Brazil, not well known)
     Callicebus stephennashi
     
     
295. Collared Titi ______ BR (C Amazonian Brazil)
     Callicebus torquatus
     
     
296. Azara's Night Monkey ______ BR  (Amazonian Brazil south to NE Argentina)
     Aotus azarai
     
     
297. Nancy Ma's Night Monkey ______ BR  (Western Amazonian Brazil)
     Aotus nancymaae
     
     
298. Black-headed Night Monkey ______ BR  (E Peru & W&C Amazonian Brazil)
     Aotus nigriceps 
     
     
299. Northern Night Monkey ______ BR  (E Colombia, S Venezuela, & NC Brazil)
     Aotus trivirgatus
     
     
300. Noisy Night Monkey ______ BR  (Colombia, E Ecuador, N Peru, & NW Amazonian Brazil)
     Aotus vociferans
     
     
     
     AMAZON RIVER DOLPHIN - Family Iniidae  (1 species)
     
     
301. Amazon (or Pink) River Dolphin (also called Boto or Boutu) ______ (*) BR am, (*) VE ll
     Inia geroffrensis
     VE: Tonina 
     (Another species of dolphin also occurs in the Amazon River Basin, the Tucuxi (or Gray Dolphin), noted below.)
     
     
     FRANCISCANA - Family Pontoporiidae  (1 species)
     
     
302. Franciscana ______ BR se
     Pontoporia blainvillei
     
     
     MARINE DOLPHINS - Family Delphinidae  (totally 34 species)
     
     
303. Dusky Dolphin ______ (*) AR so
     Lagenorhynchus obscurus
     AR: Delfin Oscuro
     
     
304. Peale's Dolphin ______ (*) CH tf
     Lagenorhynchus australis
     CH: Delfin Griseoblanco
     
     
305. Commerson's Dolphin ______ (*) CH tf
     Cephalorhynchus commersonii
     CH: Delfin Blanco
     (This striking black-and-white marine mammal (much like a porpoise) in the eastern Strait of Magellan. During one tour, we watched them in smooth water, apparently fishing, with penguins.)   
     
     
306. Common Dolphin ______ (*) CH fn (offshore from Arica, Chile, during a pelagic trip)
     Delphinus delphis
     CH: Delfin Comun
     
     
307. "Atlantic" Bottlenose Dolphin ______ (*) BR fs (seen during a FONT tour from shore by a long rock jetty that extended about 2 miles out to sea, in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil)
     
     
308. Orca (or Killer Whale) ______ (*) AR so
     Orcinus orca
     AR: Orca 
     (seen in surf, where there were seals and sea lions on the beach, along the Argentine coast at the Valdez Peninsula)  
     
     
309. Tucuxi (or Gray Dolphin) ______ (*) BR am  (In South American rivers draining into the Atlantic & the Caribbean. Throughout the entire Amazon River basin. Also in coastal waters north to Panama, occasionally Costa Rica.) 
     Sotalia fluviatilis
     BR: Tucuxi
     
     
     
     RIGHT WHALES - Family Balaenidae  (totally 5 species)
     
     
310. Southern Right Whale ______ (*) AR so
     Balaena (glacialis) australis
     AR: Ballena Franca Austral
     (seen in numbers in the ocean along the Argentine coast at the Valdez Peninsula)
     
     
     RORQUALS - Family Balaenopteridae  (totally 8 species) 
     
     
311. Humpback Whale ______ (*) EC we
     Megaptera novaeangliae
     (during one FONT tour, seen breaching completely out of the water, in the ocean off the coast of western Ecuador) 
     
     
     PECCARIES - Family Tayassuidae  (3 species)
     
     
312. Collared Peccary  (also known as Javelina) ______ (*) BR mt
     Dicotyles tajacu
     
     
313. White-lipped Peccary ______ (*) BR af
     Tayassu pecari
     BR: Queixada
     (The White-lipped Peccary is larger than the Collared Peccary. The White-lipped Peccary is black with a white chin (and no collar).
     
     
314. Chacoan Peccary (e) ______ AR
     Catagonus wagneri
     
     
     CAMELS - Family Camelidae  (totally 7 species)
     
     
315. Vicuna (v) ______ (*) AR fn,  (*) CH fn
     Vicugna vicugna
     CH: Vicuna
     
     
     
     
     Vicuna
     
     
316. Guanaco ______ (*) AR fs tf,  (*) CH fn fs tf
     Lama guanicoe
     
     
     
     
     Guanaco
     
     
317. Llama ______ (*) AR fn,  (*) CH fn (a domesticated animal)
     Lama glama
     CH: Llama
     
     
318. Alpaca ______ (*) CH fn (a domesticated animal)
     Lama pacos
     
     
     Some Notes about the South American Lamoids
     (the Llama, Alpaca, Guanaco, Vicuna)
     Combined there are an estimated 7.7 million of these animals, with 53% in Peru, 37% in Bolivia, 8% in Argentina, and 2% in Chile.
     The domestic Llamas and Alpacas (91% of the total) are far more numerous than the wild Guanacos and Vicunas (9%). Llamas (3.7 million) are slightly more abundant than Alpacas (3.3 million) and Guanacos (575,000) are much more common than Vicunas (85,000).
     Most Alpacas (91%) and Vicunas (72%) are in Peru, and the majority of Llamas (70%) are in Bolivia, and nearly all of the Guanacos (96%) are in Argentina. 
     The Guanaco has been decreasing during recent years due to hunting and competition with livestock. The Vicuna was reduced to a dangerously low population in the 1960's, but the species is now recovering under protection.
     
     
     DEER - Family Cervidae  (totally 47 species)  
     
     
319. White-tailed Deer ______ (*) VE ll
     Odocoileus virginianus
     VE: Venado (Llanero)
     
     
320. Pampas Deer ______ (*) BR
     Odocoileus bezoarticus
     
     
     
     
     Pampas Deer
     
     
321. Marsh Deer (v) ______ (*) AR ne,  (*) BR mt
     Blastocerus dichotomus
     BR: Cervo do Pantanal
     
     
     
     
     Above: A Marsh Deer (& a Giant Cowbird) photographed during 
     a FONT Brazil tour in Mato Grosso do Sul.
     Below: Another Marsh Deer photographed during our tour there in March 2008.
     (photo below by Marie Gardner)
       
     
     
     
     
     
322. Gray (or Brown) Brocket (Deer) ______ (*) AR ne,  (*) BR af,fs,mt 
     Mazama gouazoubira
     BR: Veado Vira
     
     
     
     
     A Gray Brocket Deer photographed during the FONT Brazil tour
     in Mato Grosso do Sul in March 2008
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
     
323. Red Brocket (Deer) ______ (*) BR af,mt 
     Mazama americana
     BR: Veado Mateiro
     
     
324. Little Red Brocket (Deer) ______ EC
     Mazama rufina
     
     
325. Dwarf Brocket ______ PE
     Mazama chunyi
     
     
326. Pygmy Brocket (Deer) (also called Bororo) ______ (*) BR ig
     Mazama rufina  
     
     
327. Peruvian (or Northern) Guemal (or Huemul) (v) ______ (*) CH fn
     Hippocamelus antisensis (distinct from (Chilean or) Southern Huemul (or Guemal), Hippocamelus bisuleus)
     CH: Taruca
     
     
     
     
     A Peruvian (or Northern) Guemal, photographed during a FONT tour in northern Chile
       
     
328. Chilean (or Southern) Guemal (e) ______ AR CH
     Hippocamelus bisulcus
     
     
329. Northern Pudu ______ EC, PE
     Pudu mephistophiles
     
     
330. Southern Pudu (e) ______ (*) CH so
     Pudu pudu
     CH: Pudu
     
     
     
     
     A Southern Pudu, a very small deer
     
     
     TAPIRS - Family Tapiridae  (totally 4 species)
     
     
331. Brazilian Tapir (t) ______ (*) BR af,mt
     Tapirus terrestris
     BR: Anta
     
     
     
     
     Above: a young Brazilian Tapir
     Below: an adult and a young
     These photos were taken at a animal scientific research facility 
     in Paraguay during a FONT tour (mostly in Brazil) in August 2008.
     This tapir is an endangered species in Paraguay.
     (photos by Pamela Sims)     
     
     
     
     
     
332. Mountain Tapir  (t2) ______  (in high montane forest & paramo in Colombia & Ecuador)
     Tapirus pinchaque
     
     
     MANATEES - Family Trichechidae  (totally 3 species)
     
     
333. Amazonian Manatee ______ BR
     Trichechus inunguis
     

Other Nature:

1. Spectacled Caiman ______ (*) BR af,mt 
   Caiman crocodilus yacare
   (including the Jacare Caiman subspecies in the Pantanal)
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   Above:  Spectacled Caimans photographed during FONT tours 
   in Mato Gross do Sul, Brazil. 
   Below is a Caiman in Brazil vertically in the water..   
      
   
   
   
   
   
2. (Green) Iguana ______ (*) BR mt
   Iguana iguana
   
   
3. Golden (or Black) Tegu ______ (*) BR mt,mn
   Tupinambus teguixin
   
   
4. Puna Lizard ______ CH fn
   Liolaemus ornatus
   
   
5. Thin Lizard ______ (*) CH ce
   Liolaemus tenuis
   CH: Lagartija Esbelta
   
   
6. Common Anaconda ______ (*) BR mt
   Eunectes murinus
   
   
7. Striped Sharpnose Snake ______ (*) BR mt
   Xenoxybelis argenteus
   
   
8. bright green snake (sp.) ______ (*) BR af
   (swimming across Rio Cristalino)
   
   
9. Marine Toad (also called Giant Toad or Cane Toad) ______ (*) BR mt 
   Bufo marinus
   
   
10. other toads (including Ultramarine) ______ BR
    
    
11. South American Caecilian (also called Ringed Blue Caecilian) ______ (*) BR mn
    ("leg-less lizard")
    Siphonops annulatus
    
    
12. Pink Tarantula ______ (*) CH ce
    Phryxothricus roseus
    
    
13. Helicopter Damselfly ______ (*) BR af
    Mecitogaster ornata 
    
    
14. Leaf-cutter Ant ______ (*) BR af
    Atta sp.
    
    
15. Burchell's Army Ant ______ (*) BR af
    Eciton burchelli
    
    
16. "Fire-ants" (their disturbance attracting many birds) ______ (*) BR mt
    
    
17. other ants en masse (with Fire-eyes & Tufted Antshrikes about) ______ (*) BR se
    
    
18. Neotropical Colonial Spider ______ (*) BR br
    Anelosimus eximus  
    (seen one day late in the afternoon near Brasilia)
    
    
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    Butterflies in a separate listing:
    
    Link:  Butterflies of South America